Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
By Sukriti Bajaj
OVERVIEW
Overview
Written Communication
Business Writing Features
Basic Rules Of Business Writing
Style In Business Writing
E-Mail & Business Letter Writing
Report Writing
Executive Summary
Business Proposal
Resume Or Curriculum Vitae
WRITTEN COMMUNICATION
Written Communication
Resume
Written Communication
CVs, Resumes
Email, Web site, FAQs
Letters, Newsletters, Brochures, Articles,
Catalogs
Advertisements, Notice Board, Pamphlets,
Signs, Press Release
Reports, Manuals, Proposals, Books
Written Communication
Casual
Friendly
Known reader
Effectiveness
Be concise
Short sentences
Paragraphing
Short sentences
Short paragraphs
Use of Lists
Organizes thoughts
Passive voice
Weak verbs
Superfluous words
Abstract words
Unnecessary details
Active:
Microsoft bought our company.
Passive:
Our company was bought by Microsoft.
Obscure Passive:
Our company was bought.
Drawback Of Passive Voice
After:
This fee table shows the costs and expenses
you would pay directly or indirectly if you
invested in our fund.
Recognizing Active Voice
Before:
The proxies solicited hereby may be revoked,
subject to the procedures described herein, at
any time up to and including the date of the
meeting.
After:
You may revoke your proxy and reclaim your
right to vote any time, up to and including the
day of the meeting.
Nominalization
Asset
Investment
Security
Equity
Stock
Common Stock
IBM A Common
Writing Less Abstractly
Before:
Sandyhill Basic Value Fund (the Fund) seeks
capital appreciation and, secondarily, income
by investing in securities, primarily equities,
that management of the Fund believes are
undervalued and, therefore, represent basic
investment value.
Writing Less Abstractly
After:
At the Sandyhill Basic Value Fund, we will
strive to increase the value of your shares
(capital appreciation) and, to a lesser extent, to
provide income (dividends). We will invest
primarily in undervalued stocks, meaning
those selling for low prices given the financial
strength of the companies.
Writing Less Abstractly
Before:
No consideration or surrender of Beco Stock
will be required of shareholders of Beco in
return for the shares of Unis Common Stock
issued pursuant to the Distribution.
After:
You will not have to pay for or turn in your
shares of Beco stock to receive your shares of
Unis common stock from the spin-off.
Omitting Superfluous Words
Before:
The following summary is intended only to
highlight certain information contained
elsewhere in this prospectus.
After:
This summary highlights some information
from this prospectus.
Omitting Superfluous Words
Before:
Machine Industries and Great Tools, Inc... are
each subject to the information requirements of
the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as
amended (the Exchange Act) and in
accordance therewith file reports prosy
statement and other information with the
Securities and Exchange Commission (the
Commission)
Omitting Superfluous Words
After:
We file annual and special reports, proxy
statement, and other information with the
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).
Writing Positive Sentences
Before:
Persons other than the primary beneficiary
may not receive these dividends.
After:
Only the primary beneficiary may receive
these dividends.
Writing Positively
Before:
The following description encompasses all
the material terms and provisions of the Notes
offered hereby and supplements, and to the
extent inconsistent therewith replaces, the
description of the general terms and
provisions of the Debt Securities (as defined in
the accompanying Prospectus) set forth under
the heading. . .
Writing Short Sentences
Before:
. . . Description of Debt Securities in the
Prospectus, to which description reference is
hereby made. The following description will
apply to each Note unless otherwise specified
in the applicable Pricing Supplement.
Writing Short Sentences
After:
We provide information to you about our
Notes in three separate documents that
progressively provide more detail: the
Prospectus, the Prospectus Supplement, and
the Pricing Supplement. Since the terms of
specific notes may differ from the general
information we have provided, in all cases rely
on the information in the Pricing. . .
Writing Short Sentences
After:
. . . Supplement over different information in
the Prospectus and the Prospectus
Supplement. And, rely on this Prospectus
Supplement over any different information in
the Prospectus.
Writing Short Sentences
Before:
Holders of the Class A and Class B-1
certificates will be entitled to receive on each
Payment Date, to the extent monies are
available therefor (but not more than the Class
A Certificate Balance or Class B-1 Certificate
Balance outstanding), a distribution.
Keeping Subject, Verb, & Object
Close Together
After:
Class A and Class B-1 certificate holders will
receive a distribution on each payment date if
there is cash available on those dates for their
class.
Writing If-Then Conditionals
Before:
We invest the Funds assets in short-term
money market securities to provide you with
liquidity, protection of your investment, and
high current income.
Keeping Sentence Structure
Parallel
That sentence was unparallel because the series
is made up of two nouns and an adjective before
the third noun.
After:
We invest in short-term money market
securities to provide you with liquidity, to
protect your investment, and to generate high
current income.
E-MAIL & BUSINESS LETTER
WRITING
Making Messages Effective
Clear
Complete
Correct
Purpose
Audiences
Information
Benefits
Objections
Context
Audience
Writer
Initial audience
Gatekeeper
Primary audience
Secondary audience
Watchdog audience
Bias Free Communication
Decisions Reached
Action Items
Open Issues
Subject Of The E-mail
Brief
Emphasize (NOT)
HTML (letterhead)
Never flame.
Use FULL CAPS only to emphasize a word or
two.
Send messages on a need basis.
Recipients work practice (one long or several
short messages)
Quote briefly (B/A) while replying.
Attachments
REPORT WRITING
Examples Of Reports
Sales Report
Inspection Report
Annual Report
Audit Report
Feasibility Report
Progress Report
White Papers
Technical Report Writing
Proposals
User Manuals
Technical Manuals
White Papers
Classification of Reports
Information Reports
Analytical Reports
Recommendation Reports
Steps of Report Writing
Comparison/contrast
Problem-solution
Elimination of alternatives
General to particular
Geographic or spatial
Functional
Chronological
Report Writing
Audience:
Engineers with no knowledge of ergonomics.
Purpose:
Exercise good report writing skills. Learn
about ergonomics in design.
Exploratory Phase
Scope:
Introductory with focus on design aspects
rather than anatomy.
Collect information:
Library, catalogs, professional experts, original
research.
Implementation Phase
Plan!
Plan!
First revision:
Second revision:
Second revision:
Second revision:
Third revision:
Fourth revision:
Seek conciseness
Fifth revision:
Sixth revision:
Cover Page
Title Page
Letter of Transmittal
Table of Contents
List of Illustrations
Executive Summary
Report Body
Appendices
Title
self explanatory
concise
Topic
Purpose of submission
Certification
Declaration
Acknowledgement
Contents Page
Contents Page
Chapters
Contents
Page Nos
Abbreviations
Abbreviations
For reference
List Of Tables & Graphs
Chapter
Particulars
Page No,
Guidelines
Table of contents
Abbreviations
List of figures
Guidelines
Conclusions
One paragraph
Is not an introduction
This gives
Introduction
Purpose and Scope; Limitations, Assumptions,
and Methodology
Body
Findings
Analysis
Interpretation of data
Body
Appendixes
Interview transcripts, questionnaires, question
tallies, printouts, and previous reports
Guidelines
Conclusions
Summarize the entire work
State your conclusions
Make recommendations [if any]
o What did not work and what to do about it
o What aspects of report may need
improvement
Back matter: Bibliography, appendix
Guidelines
Conclusions
Conclusions
Ensure that
DO:
DONT:
Plagiarism
Collusion
Falsification
Impersonation
Copying
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Executive Summary : Origin
Stages
Planning (pre-writing)
Drafting (composing)
Create an outline
Methods
Results
Conclusion
Recommendations
DOS
DOS
DONTS
DONTS
Title Page
Table of Contents
Executive Summary
Statement of Problem, Issue, or Job in hand.
Approach & Methodology
Qualifications
Schedule & Benchmarks
Cost, Payment & any Legal matters
Benefits
Title Page
Ask questions
Ask questions
Ask questions
o your name
o your companys name
o the name of the person you are submitting
the proposal to
o the date you submitted the proposal
Beginning Business Proposal
Be conservative.
Making Business Proposal
Add a conclusion
Add a conclusion
Insert references
Brief
3 paragraphs, bullets
Focus on
Major requirements
Differentiators
Research
Web, friends, colleagues
Resume or Curriculum Vitae
Choosing Format
Reverse-Chronological
Functional
Combination
Resume Writing
Contact Information
Resume Introduction
Professional Experience
Education
Additional Sections
Resume Writing
# of Pages
Font Sizes
Lines
Margins
Resume : Choosing Format
Reverse-Chronological
Reverse-Chronological
Reverse-Chronological
Functional
Functional
Functional
Combination
Combination
Combination
Contact Information:
Contact Information:
I lack experience.
I am an entry level candidate that lacks specific
skill sets.
I lack measurable achievements.
Resume : Order Of Information
Resume : Order Of Information
I am an entry-level applicant.
I do not have in-depth experience in the
industry.
I am a recent college graduate.
Resume : Order Of Information
I am an entry-level applicant
I am recent college graduate
I lack measurable of accomplishments
Resume : Order Of Information
Resume : Order Of Information
Resume : Order Of Information
Professional Experience:
Professional Experience:
Professional Experience:
Professional Experience:
Professional Experience:
Example:
Professional Experience:
Example:
Education:
Education:
Education:
Education:
o Degree(s)
o GPA (only include if your GPA is above 3.0, round
up to the first decimal place , and use this
format: GPA: 3.5/4.0)
Resume : Order Of Information
Resume : Order Of Information
Resume : Order Of Information
Resume : Order Of Information
Additional Sections:
Certifications/Licenses
Additional Sections:
Certifications/Licenses
Additional Sections:
Publications
Additional Sections:
Publications
Additional Sections:
Additional Sections:
Technical Skills:
Additional Skills:
Additional Skills:
What to include:
Additional Skills:
# of Pages:
DOs
DONTs
Lines:
Margins:
Margins: