RICE TRANSPLANTING MACHINE

1. Abstract:-
Rice is one of the staple food crop of our country. It
produces about 80 million tons rice annually, which is about
22% of the world rice production. Culturally, transplanting of
young seedlings of 2035 days age in water-inundated field
is preferred over direct seeding. The former leads to better
yield due to better crop management practices that are
possible in a transplanted crop. The operation of
transplanting requires large amount of manpower (about 400
man-hour/ha) and the task is very laborious involving
working in a stooping posture and moving in muddy field.
Hence, this is considered as an activity that needs
mechanization. Mechanization of transplanting facilitates.
Basically in India establishment of rice depends on the
availability of moisture, climatic condition, age of the variety,
availability of inputs & human labour. Amongst these
dependencies availability of inputs & human labour play a
huge role on deciding the method of establishment of rice.
Shortage of labour and labour costing is one of the major
issues of concern now days as it leads to failure of scheduled
transplanting of rice. Hence to overcome these issues there is
a need of mechanization in the field of rice cultivation by
using rice transplanter as major tool in this process. There is
also need for designing and developing an economical and
user friendly rice transplanter for small scale farmers in order
to increase the production as well as the quality of rice. In
this paper various mechanized rice transplanters along with
their merits and demerits has been discussed by studying
various aspects of transplantation related to rice and its field
performance which are beneficial to the society and farmers.
A rice transplanter is specialized equipment best fitted to
transplant rice seedlings on the wet muddy paddy field.
 Although rice is grown in areas other than Asia, rice
transplanters are used mainly in East, Southeast, and South
Asia. This is because rice can be grown without
transplanting, by simply sowing seeds on field, and farmers
outside Asia prefer this fuss-free way at the expense of
reduced yield.

2. Introduction: -
India is predominantly an agricultural country with rice
as one of its main food crop. Transplanting rice is perhaps the
most elaborated method where seeds are sown in one place
and after the seedlings are grown a little they are transplanted
to another wide spread area. This is done in order to obtain
higher yield and less weeding. According to the annual report
of CRRI for 2013-14, total production of rice in the country is
estimated at 106.19 million tonnes which was a new record.
Production of 2013-14 is higher by 9.5 lakh tonnes than the
last years record production of 105.24 million tonnes.

Its clear from the presented data that with the years
passing by the production as well as yield of Rice has been
increased drastically.
 This may be because of rice been staple food crop of
our country. Now days farmers in our country are keen to
use new methods as well as new technologies in the field of
agriculture. Hence in this paper main focus is on Rice
transplanting machine which could provide a huge boost to
the agriculture sector especially in the field of rice
cultivation. A rice transplanting machine is specialized
equipment best fitted to transplant rice seedlings on the wet
muddy paddy field.
Machine transplanting using rice Trans planters requires
considerably less time and labour than manual transplanting.
It increases the approximate area that a person can plant from
700 to 10,000 square metres per day. However, rice
transplants are considerably expensive for almost all Asian
small-hold farmers. Rice Trans planter are popular in
industrialized countries where labour cost is high, for
example In south Korea It is now also getting popularity in
South Asian countries as in transplanting time labour crisis is
in its pick. Rice Trans planter were first developed in japan in
the 1960s, whereas the earliest attempt to mechanize rice
transplanting dates back to late 19th century. In Japan,
development and spread of rice Transplanters progressed
rapidly during the 1970s and 1980s.
3. Aim and Objective:-
The basic aim of this paper is to study and know the
research gap between the use of traditional method and the
mechanized transplanters ferric transplantation in India,
along with the parameters related to the existing
transplanters. In India very few people are aware about
different existing transplanter, there benefits and
requirements in order to achieve higher productivity and
yield. Hence we aim to study about Rice transplanter, there
benefits, requirements and help to popularize it amongst the
people especially amongst small scale labours in our country
so as to minimize cost of production and have better quality
of rice. Use of rice transplanter also generates an alternate
source of income for rural youth through custom services on
nursery raising and mechanical transplanting.
4. Literature Review:-
In this review paper, rice transplanter in the field of rice
cultivation are been discussed by studying various parameters
related to transplanter and its field performance.
Rice is one of the most cultivated green crop in India as
well as Asian countries. Rice plant groves from two to six FT
tall, with a round, joined stem, long pointed leaves and edible
seeds born in dense head on separated stalls. Modern farming
of rice started in most of countries which drastically reduces
labour problem and cost of cultivation.
A common rice transplanter comprises:

A seedling tray like a shed roof on which mat type rice

nursery is set;
A seedling tray shifter that shifts the seedling tray like a
carriage of typewriters; and
 Plural pickup forks that pick up a seeding from mat type
nursery on the seedling tray and put the seedling into the
earth, as if the seedling were taken between human fingers.
A transplanter is an agricultural machine used for
transplanting seedlings to the field. This is very important as
it reduces the time taken to transplant seedlings (when
compared to manual transplanting), thus allowing more time
for harvesting. It also reduces the use of manual energy.
A rice transplanter is a specialized transplanter fitted to
transplant rice seeding onto paddy field. Mainly two types of
rice transplanter i.e., riding type and walking type. Riding
type is power driven and can usually transplant six lines in
one pass. On the other hand, walking type is manually driven
and can usually transplant four lines in one pass.
In India rice is cultivated in Rabi and kharif seasons.
Transplanting essentially refer to the 30-40 days old and 30
Cm high sidling small crops in nurseries and uprooted for
transplanting manually and mechanically. Rice fields are also
called as paddy field or rice paddies. In traditional rice
plantation of rice in rice paddies mostly several female
workers are chosen for plantation. So by many observations
on the basis of several studies of various parameters,
concluded that rice transplanting with manually operated rice
transplanter is the best in all rice transplanter.
5. Methodology:
Various parameters are indulged with the rice
transplanting machine.
6. Advantages:
Higher productivity compared to the traditional methods
where plants spacing and density may not always be
consistent.
Equal spacing and plant density.
 Increases income of farmer.
Lower stress drudgery and healthy risk of farm labours.
Increases soil health through eliminating puddling.
No pollution because fuel combustion is not used.
Essential utilization of resources by saving labour and
cost of production.
7. Result and Discussion:
Rice transplanting is a labour intensive operating which
are time consuming and costly and some health issues related
to it. After some observations and study for plantation of rice
it is exalted that high skill is necessary to achieve uniform
seedling and spacing between rice crops as well as between
rows. So it is well known that time available between harvests
of are crop and transplanting accordingly to sessional
approval i.e. kharif season, because of some factors required
the mechanical rice planter in India which suits the small
scale labour and moreover which easy to handle and maintain.
According to this study in this paper it is clear that out of
mechanical rice transplanter Manual rice transplanter is
considered to be more advantages.
8. Conclusion:
In this study it is concluded that lots of labour required
during the pick periods adversely affects the timeliness of
operation reduce crop yield. To overcome these problems
manual operated rice transplanter is the best solution
mechanisation not only changes the structure of labour in
agriculture, but also infuses the nature of the work land.
Hence rice transplanter is the best solution for bright future.
Now present models of mechanical rice planter are
highly effective but problem is that existing rice transplanter
is that, these planters are expensive and moreover they are
complex mechanism which could not be required serviced
easily at ordinary workshop or with short time. Hence it is
important to design and develop rice transplanter for the small
scale farmers with production of rice is affected by several
small problems. We have to help them by designing and
developing this rice planter to reduce their health problems
and increase income
In India average farmers possesses land of small size in
area thus a mechanised rice transplanter would highly helpful
in the rice transplantation also reduce over dependence of
farmer upon labour for the rice transplantation. Rice
transplanter help to acquire lesser cost of production with
higher yield and production moreover the quality of
production is also good or because of fuel less production of
the rice plantation there is a no pollution in environment.