Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
Hydrocarbon
Saturated : all bonds are singleones, and no new atoms
may be joined without the removal of others that are
already bonded.
C2H2
Isomerism
Hydrocarbon compounds with the same
composition may have different atomic
arrangements.
Example : Butane
Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)
Vinyl Chloride
Monomer :
2
Polymer Configuration
Stereoisomerism
Isostatic Syndiotatic
Atactic
Polymer Configuration
Geometrical Isomers
Cis-polyisoprene Trans-polyisoprene
Responsi
Kelas A :
11-130;
12-58;
12-88
12-85.
Types of Polymers
Polymer Classifications
Thermoset: cross-linked polymer that cannot be melted
(tires, rubber bands)
Thermoplastic: Meltable plastic
Elastomers: Polymers that stretch and then return to their
original form: often thermoset polymers
Thermoplastic elastomers: Elastic polymers that can be
melted (soles of tennis shoes)
Polymer Families
Polyolefins: made from olefin (alkene) monomers
Polyesters, Amides, Urethanes, etc.: monomers linked by
ester, amide, urethane or other functional groups
Natural Polymers: Polysaccharides, DNA, proteins
20
21
Table 15.3 (Continued)
22
23
Table 15.4 (Continued)
24
25
Table 15.8 (Continued)
26
2003 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning is a trademark used herein under license.
Figure 15.17 The stress-strain curve for 6,6-nylon, a typical thermoplastic polymer.
28
TENSILE RESPONSE: BRITTLE & PLASTIC
Stress-strain curves adapted from Fig. 15.1, Callister 6e. Inset figures along plastic response curve
(purple) adapted from Fig. 15.12, Callister 6e. (Fig. 15.12 is from J.M. Schultz, Polymer Materials Science,
Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1974, pp. 500-501.) 4
PREDEFORMATION BY DRAWING
Drawing...
--stretches the polymer prior to use
--aligns chains to the stretching direction
Results of drawing:
--increases the elastic modulus (E) in the
stretching dir.
--increases the tensile strength (TS) in the
stretching dir.
Adapted from Fig. 15.12,
--decreases ductility (%EL) Callister 6e. (Fig. 15.12 is from
J.M. Schultz, Polymer
Annealing after drawing... Materials Science, Prentice-
--decreases alignment Hall, Inc., 1974, pp. 500-501.)
5
TENSILE RESPONSE: ELASTOMER CASE
Stress-strain curves
adapted from Fig.
15.1, Callister 6e.
Inset figures along
elastomer curve
(green) adapted from
Fig. 15.14, Callister
6e. (Fig. 15.14 is from
Z.D. Jastrzebski, The
Nature and Properties
of Engineering
Materials, 3rd ed.,
John Wiley and Sons,
1987.)
Molecular weight
Thermosets: Adapted from Fig. 15.18, Callister 6e. (Fig. 15.18 is from F.W.
Billmeyer, Jr., Textbook of Polymer Science, 3rd ed., John Wiley
--large cross linking and Sons, Inc., 1984.)
(10 to 50% of mers)
--hard and brittle
--do NOT soften w/heating
--vulcanized rubber, epoxies,
polyester resin, phenolic resin 7
2003 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning is a trademark used herein under license.
34
behavior of
thermoplastics.
Figure 15.12 The
35
36
2003 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning is a trademark used herein under license.
37
2003 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning is a trademark used herein under license.
38
TIME DEPENDENT DEFORMATION
Stress relaxation test:
Data: Large drop in Er
(amorphous
--strain to and hold. for T > Tg. polystyrene)
--observe decrease in Adapted from Fig.
stress with time. 15.7, Callister 6e.
(Fig. 15.7 is from
A.V. Tobolsky,
Properties and
Structures of
Polymers, John
Wiley and Sons,
Inc., 1960.)
PC +150
9
Copolymer
Polymer Crystallinity