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Theories of Personality and the Filipino Character the smaller conscious portion is visible. It contains everything of
which we are aware at any given time, and contains only part of the
PERSONALITY is universally defined as the overall, stable and psychological life. For Freud, the conscious mind is unimportant.
distinctive patterns of behavior in responding to people and The personal unconscious constitutes the powerful drives
environment. that stay totally outside of awareness, but are responsible for all
important human behavior. It is the repository of motives, wishes,
DIFFERENT PERSONALITY THEORIES and the VARYING impulses, conflicts, desires, and processes.
DEFINITIONS of PERSONALITY The preconscious lies between the conscious and
unconscious. It contains thoughts, perceptions, and memories that
SIGMUND FREUD: Classical Psychoanalysis have minimal and emotional significance. It stores anything that can
(German, Sigismolo Froit) easily be made the focus of attention. For example, you may ask,
Personality is a closed energy system comprised of three (3) When is your mothers birthday?
internal psychological subsystems (Id, ego, and superego). It
has instinctual origins and operates at a largely unconscious level. The Three (3) Internal Psychological Subsystems:
Id the biological; seeks immediate gratification, and operates
according to the pleasure principle of seeking pleasure and avoiding
pain.
Ego the psychological; seeks safety and compromise, and
operates according to the reality principle of knowing what is true
and false.
Superego the sociocultural; seeks perfection, and operates
according to the morality principle, representing what is right and
wrong.
He believes in the collective unconscious, as opposed to To be human is to feel a constant sense of inferiority, thus
Freuds personal unconscious. The collective unconscious contains we compensate by striving for superiority or perfection.
archaic patterns of behavior called archetypes that are genetically
transmitted. We separate from the collective and become unique Two (2) Types of Personality according to Complexes:
psychological individuals. 1. Inferiority Complex a more exaggerated form of personal
weakness than average.
Personality types are a persons habitual attitude or characteristic 2. Superiority Complex an exaggerated from of over-
way. compensation, or the excessive craving for perfection.
Two (2) Personality Types (according to Jung): Both complexes arouse from social interest, the need to follow
1. Extravert outward psychic energy norms of a civilized society. This social interest must be nurtured by
2. Introvert inward psychic energy parents via encouragement of active cooperation starting from
within the family. Otherwise, a person may be unable to meet the
Four (4) Major Psychological Functions: three (3) unavoidable tasks of life: society, work, and love.
1. Sensing
2. Thinking Adlers Birth Order Theory:
3. Feeling Only Child Always the center of attention; never dethroned;
4. Intuiting spoiled and self-centered; finds it difficult to share or compromise;
very mature intellectually.
The Different Personality Archetypes: First Born Responsible for younger siblings; takes on the role of
1. The Persona the identity we hold and present to the outside a surrogate parent; leaders; overachievers; sets example for
world; career role; as mother father son; political identity, etc. younger siblings; authoritarian or bossy; very responsible and
2. The Ego center of consciousness; conscious self; the helpful.
distinguishing factor between the self and others. Second Born Independent and competitive, especially with the
oldest sibling; often initiates sibling rivalry as they struggle to be
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identified in the family; rebels if they are not getting equal treatment Human awareness is an important concept as it plays a role
with that of the first born; very expressive and creative. in on-going processes of self-evaluation and social comparison.
Middle Child Independent but good-natured; does not seek the
spotlight; feels forgotten but can deal with it; middle-child Other Determinants of Behavior:
syndrome develops; very good social skills. 1. Behavior is based on the past (antecedents).
Last Born Spoiled; never dethroned; what they want, they get; 2. It is influenced by its results (consequences).
irresponsible; rule breakers; very charming and adventurous. 3. It is dependent on how we are motivated (cognitive
factor).
JOHN B. WATSON: Behaviorism
Self-efficacy is a persons view of what he is capable of doing.
Personality is the end-product of our habit systems; the sum of People with high-perceived efficacy tend to try more, work more,
activities that can be discovered by actual observation of behavior persist longer, and are less anxious than those with low-perceived
over a long enough period of time to give reliable information. self-efficacy.
Habits are learned behaviors that are practiced regularly and ABRAHAM MASLOW: Self-actualization
require little voluntary control. It originates from a few innate
reflexes and the three (3) primitive emotional responses (love, rage, The personality syndrome is a structured, organized complex of
and fear). apparently diverse specificities (behavior, thoughts, impulses,
perceptions, etc.) having a common unity
Watson considers the environment as the most important
factor to influence personality. He guaranteed that he can turn a Maslow has set up a hierarchy of five levels of basic needs.
healthy infant into any type of specialist he might select. Beyond these needs, higher levels of needs exist. These include
needs for understanding, esthetic appreciation and purely spiritual
Individual differences are not significant to him. At birth, needs. In the levels of the five basic needs, the person does not feel
what differs is due only to structural and chemical variations. Thus, the second need until the demands of the first have been satisfied
Watson is more concerned with what is similar among people, or the third until the second has been satisfied, and so on. Maslow's
referring to it as our universal inborn behaviors. basic needs are as follows: