Abstract: The paper presents a computer program for the X and R group control

chart. The group control chart represents the standard control chart for the SPC.
The program was developed in MS Excel 2016 and it can be used in to practice for
controlling a process with SPC. The program is developed so that users do not
have to possess computer programming knowledge.
Key words:
Group control chart, SPC, x bar and R control chart
Control chart are widely used to establish and maintain statistical control of a process.
In other words it is a tool used to monitor processes and to assure that they remain "In
Control" or stable .The vital function of control chart is to find out the occurrence of
assignable causes so that the necessary corrective action can be taken before a huge
amount of defective product is produced. The X-bar control chart is preferred most in
comparison to any other control chart technique if quality is measured on a regular
scale. In the present project, we here develop the economic design of the X-bar control
chart using Genetic Algorithm to determine the values of the sample size, sampling
interval, width of control limits such that the expected total cost per hour is minimized.
The genetic algorithms (GA) are applied to search for the optimal values of the three
test parameters of the X-bar chart.
1 Introduction

Chapter1.
Introduction:
1.1. Control chart:
Control chart are widely used to establish and maintain statistical control of
a process. In other words it is a tool used to monitor processes and to
assure that they remain "In Control" or stable.
1.2. Elements Of A Control Chart:
A control chart consists of:
1. a central line, (CL)
2. an upper control limit (UCL),
3. a lower control limit and (LCL)
4.process values plotted on the chart.

2.3. Interpreting the chart:

The most ideal display actually consists two charts; one is called an X bar chart, the
other is called an R chart. In both charts, the horizontal axis represents the different
samples; the vertical axis for the X-bar chart represents the means for the characteristic
of interest; the vertical axis for the R chart represents the ranges. For example, suppose
we wanted to control the diameter of piston rings that we are manufacturing. The center
line(CL) in the X-bar chart would represent the desired standard size (e.g., diameter in
millimeters) of the rings, while the center line in the R chart would represent the
acceptable (within-specification) range of rings within samples; thus, this latter chart is a
chart of the variability of the process (the larger the variability, the larger the range). In
addition to the center line, a typical chart includes two additional horizontal lines to
represent the upper and lower control limits (UCL, LCL, respectively). generally, the
individual points in the chart, representing the samples, are joined by a line. If this line
goes outside the upper or lower control limits or exhibits systematic patterns across
consecutive samples, then a quality problem may potentially exist. (c) Nicole Radziwill,
2015 (http://qualityandinnovation.com)

X-Bar/R Control Charts

Control charts are used to analyze variation within processes.
There are many different flavors of control charts, categorized depending upon
whether you are tracking variables directly (e.g. height, weight, cost, temperature,
density) or attributes of the entire process (e.g. number of defective parts produced,
proportion of defectives).The X-Bar/R control chart is one of these flavors. It's used
for variable data when the data is readily available. This is one of the most
commonly encountered control chart variants, and leverages two different views:
The X-Bar chart shows how much variation exists in the process over time.

The Range (R) chart shows the variation within each variable (called "
subgroups").
A process that is in statistical control is predictable, and characterized by points that
fall between the lower and upper control limits. When an X-Bar/R chart is in
statistical control, the average value for each subgroup is consistent over time, and
the variation within a subgroup is also consistent. Control limits are not the same as
specification limits, but both are important when we are performing process analysis.

LITRATURE REVIEW
2.1 Review of literature
The impact of statistics in industry and the role of statisticians by Ronald and Does
(2001) mentioned, thinking in industry means that all work is regarded as a series of
interconnected process, that all process show variation, and that reduction in variation is
the key for continues improvement. They also said SPC has become an important part
of quality control activities and is definitely accepted as one of the main tools of quality
management industry Extensive research by Dr. Shewhart indicated that by establishing
upper and lower limits at three times the standard deviation of the process (plus and
minus, respectively), 99.73% of the common cause variation would fall within these
limits. A process is said, therefore, to be in statistical control. When the process
measurements vary randomly within the control limits; that is, the variation present in
the process is consistent and predictable over time. The upper and lower control limits
are not the same as tolerance or specification limits.

4 Conclusion
The presented program can be used in plant practice for controlling the multiple!
stream processes by means of the x and R group control chart.
The program can be used for controlling the processes with four streams. The
sample size n is equal to three. The program is developed so that users do not have
to possess computer programming knowledge. The user must record the
measurements of the samples and all the calculations are performed by the
program. The program also plots the x and R group control chart and automatically
marks the points that are situated beyond the control limits. In the case when the
process was influenced by special causes of variation, the user must identify and
remove them from the process.
References:

[1]Montgomery, D. C., Introduction to Statistical Quality Control, Fifth Edition,

John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2005.
[2] Microsoft Excel 2007 Help System.
[3] Microsoft Visual Basic for Applications for Excel 2016 Help System