Miscellaneous Equipment Items http://www.matche.com/EquipCost/Index.

htm gives odd ball equipmen

The following equipment items can be found in Richardson's "The Richardson Rapid System - Process Plant Construction
Estimating Standards", Volume 4, Process Equipment, 1988 Edition.

Richardson is used by Dow for many unusual equipment items. In these cases, the Designer usually approaches a
manufacturer and ask for design help. Many companies provide design information in their brochures and some of
these are presented in Richardson.

The Richardson Rapid Sytem also gives purchased cost and installation costs based on 1988 cost data. Costs for
other future years are estimated using M&S (Marshall and Swift) or the FEI (Fabricated Equipment Index) data
provided in Chemical Engineering or other chemical engineering publications.

Below you will find a listing and description of many unusual items.

Tab (1) Troughed Belt Conveyors 100-1

Tab (2) Bucket Elevators 100-2
Tab (3) Screw Conveyors 100-3
Tab (4) Mukti-Flow Conveyors 100-5
Tab (5) Venturi Gas Scrubber 100-115
 gives odd ball equipment costs

ss Plant Construction

approaches a
s and some of

ata. Costs for

1) Troughed Belt Conveyors http://www.mitmolconveyors.com/thoughed.htm

Many other bulk materialhandling companies can be found on the internet by searching "Troughed belt conveyors"
in Google.

Richardson, 100-1, gives a step by step method of estimating the size and costs for troughed belt conveyors.
Data is included for 18", 24", 30", 36", 42", 48", 54" and 60" wide conveyors.

Step 1 gives Table 1, The Material Characteristics usually considered.

Data here includes material type, average weight, lb/cf, material class (see Table 2), maximum conveying angle
10 to 25 degrees, and angle of repose 20 to 45 degrees. An example is provided.

Step 2 Determines the length of the conveyor, again with an example included.

Step 3 determines the width and the speed of the conveyor, again with an example provided.

Step 4 determines the Horsepower of the conveyor with an example included.

Step 5 determines the maximum belt tension for different type of conveyors with sketches and examples.

Step 6 includes selection of the belt and pulleys with an example.

Step 7 determines the cost of the installed conveyor.

Troughed belt conveyors"

hed belt conveyors.

mum conveying angle

and examples.
2) Bucket Elevators

http://www.nerak-systems.com/information.html vertical lift brochures

http://www.unitrak.com/conveyor.html Horizontal or vertical

Many suppliers on the internet.

Some give capacity tables.

Richardson's (100-2) gives a step by step procedure for estimating the selection and costs of Bucket Elevators.
Data is included on spaced-bucket and continuous-bucket centrifugal discharge elevators

Step 1 gives Table 1 for Material Characteristics

Step 2 selects the size and type of elevator suitable for your requirements

Step 3 determines the Horsepower of the elevator.

Step 4 summarizes the costs.

s of Bucket Elevators.
3) Screw Conveyors http://www.screwconveyors.com/

Richardson's (100-3) has a step by step method for estimating the size and cost of screw conveyors.

Step 1 gives Table 1 for material Characteristics.

Step 2 determines the length and lift of the screw conveyor.

Step 3 Determines the diameter and speed of the conveyor. Example is given.

Step 4 Dtermines thew Horsepower of the conveyor.

Step 5 Selectics the device assembly.

Step 6 Selects the shaft and coupling diameter.With an example.

Step 7 Determine the layout with a sketch as a guide.

Step 8 determines the cost with an example.

st of screw conveyors.
4) Multi-Flow Conveyors

There is a cinfused internet on this system.

Richardson (100-5) gives a step by step method for a multi-flow conveyor to handle corn, barley, oats, stc.

Step 1 gives Table 1 of the Material Characteristics.

Step 2 Shows how to plan and layout a conveyor. Example given.

Step 3 determines the size and speed of the conveyor

Step 4 determines the horsepower

Step 5 Calculates the required chain pull

Step 6 Selects and prices the components.

barley, oats, stc.
5) Venturi Gas Scrubber

http://www.matche.com/EquipCost/Index.htm gives a start for cost of a venturi scrubbers

High Energy Venturi Scrubbers & Systems http://www.estcorporatio

High energy venturi scrubbers are used for control of fine particles in the size ran
A gas side pressure drop is used to provide intimate contact between the particle
A higher gas side pressure drop will remove smaller particles from the gas. For v
designs are available to maintain the pressure drop needed for effective control o
Skid mounted package systems including a cyclonic separator with liquid storage
and piping reduce the amount of makeup liquid required. System blowers can als

Richardson (100-115) gives a method to size venturi gas scrubbers. An example is included.

Gas capacities range from 225 to 189,800 acfm.

General Description. Note The scrubber in Richardson looks different from the scrubber shown a

The WH High Energy Scrubber is a high pressure drop, very high efficiency wet dust collector
with an adjustable throat venturi.

Tangentisl inlet. Cyclone droplet eliminator (See KO pot folder for cyclone method).
Slurry drain.

Sketch is given with Principles of operation.

Engineering and Application data is presented.

Procedure for selecting a WH High Energy Venturi Scrubber is presented.

From the data presented you can predict the performance of a WH High Energy Venturi Scrubber.

From this data you can estiate the cost of a venturi scrubber.

More Details aon the Procedure For Selecting a WH High Energy Venturi Scrubber

Page 110-115 page 4 gives the nomenclature for the Engineering and Application Data

Step 1 To maintain maximum scrubbing efficiency, it is desirable to minimize liquid evaporation in the Contacto
section of the scrubber. For this reason, hot gases should be pre-cooled to about 250 to 300F ahead
of the scrubber inlet. Performance calculations should be based on the assumption that hot gas temper
(and gas volume, gas density and gas viscosity) has been reduced to the 250 to 300F range.
Step 2 Refer to the drawings on page 10 and 11, select the standard size scrubber, N, ( a dimensionless Scrub
having a capacity range which incldes the gas volume at the scrubber inlet. If system requirements are
accurately established, and not subject to change, a special size may be selected by:

3.41(Q)^0.5 <= N <= 4.32(Q)^0.5 Equation (2)

where Q = volumetric flow rate of the gas at the scrubber inlet, actual cubic feet per minute, acfm

one selects the WH size from the Table on page 11 and from the size various dimensions are provided.

Note: the Table on page 11 gives sizes as WH 65 to WH 1450. The N value is the numerical
component of the size designation. That is, WH 1450 is, in fact, N = 1450 for use in other Figures.

Step 3 Select a first trial pressure drop, dP. In venturi scrubbers, collection efficiency increases as an exponent
pressure drop. Judgement and experience are required to select an adequate first trial value.
As a giude, some typical applications and the required pressure drops are:

Application Pressure Drop, dP, Inches of Water Column

Aluminum Smelter 20 - 25" w.c.

Asphalt Plant 24 - 35" w.c.
Boiler or Furnace Ash or Soot 55 - 63" w.c.
Cupola (Iron Foundry) 55 - 80" w.c.
Lime Kiln 23 - 27" w.c.
Magnesium Ore Roaster 12 - 20" w.c.
Oil Fumes and Condensates 39 - 47" w.c.
Zinc Smelter 20 - 35" w.c.

Step 4 Estimate the rate of circulating (unevaporated) scrubbing liquid supplied to the scrubber.
To avoid liquid carryover or system pulsations, scrubbing liquid rates must be maintained within certain
At any given pressure drop, scrubber efficiency increases as a function of the quantity of scrubbing liqui
Thus, since water (or other srubbing liquids) and the equipment required to supply it are relatively inexp
compared to fan horsepower, it is generally desirable to use values near or equal to the maximum value
herein. The total scrubbing liquid rate consists of three (3) components:

Step 4a R1 is the liquid rate supplied directly to the Venturi Throat and Contactor Section.
The minimu value for R1 determined from Fig 1, page 6.
The maximu value for R1 determined from Fig 2, page 6.

Step 4b R2 is the liquid supplied indirectly to the Contactor by means of a large orifice, solid cone nozzle directly
the Contactor section. R2 is found by:

(0.05)(R1) <= R2 <= (0.2)(R1) Equation (3)

Step 4c R3 is the liquid rate required to clean the spinner vanes in the Droplet Eliminator. It is supplied by mean
a large orifice hollow cone nozzle directly above the Drop Eliminator. R3 is found by:

R3 = 12.078)(N) / Q Equation (4)

Step 4d Calculate W1, flow rate of liquid supplied to upper liquid connection, not including evaporation losses,
U.S. gallon per minute
 For N <= 800 W1 = (R1)(Q) / 1000 Equation 5a

For N > 800 W1 = (2)(R1)(Q) / 3000 Equation 5b

Step 4e Calculate W2, flow rate of liquid supplied to lower liquid connection. Not including evaporation losses,
U.S. gallons per minute

For N <= 800 W2 = (R2 + R3)(Q) / 1000 Equation 6a

For N > 800 W2 = (R1/3 + R2 + R3)(Q) / 1000 Equation 6b

Note The use of W1 and w2 will be found in Step 8 where you will determine the evaporation losses.

Step 5 Establish the fractional efficiency curve based on the trial value of dP for the scrubber size N
ESTABLISHED IN Step 2 and 3. A dimensionless parameter, F, is calculated by:

F = {(0.003144)(dP) / Dg} [ (R1 + R2)^0.4571 ][ (S/Ug)^0.2857 ] Equation 7

R1 and r2 were found in Steps 4

Dg is the gas density in lb/cf

ug is the gas viscosity at the Collector inlet in lb/ft-sec

S is the true specific gravity of the dust at the collector inlet, equal to the true density in grams per cc

The fractional efficiency is found by use of Fig 3 on page 7

Step 6 Calculate the total collection efficiency, Et, by means of Equation 1, page 4

Ste 7 If Et is either too low or higher than required to meet emission levels, reduce or increase the trial value o
and/or increase r1 and R2 and repeat steps 4 to 6.

Step 8 The gas will leave the scrubber saturated or nearly so. The liquid rates W1 and w2 found in step 4
do not include evaporation losses. These must be calculated by psychometrics and added
proportionally to W1 and w2

A complete example is given for students to follow.

Note To solve the efficiency one must have the particulate conditions at the collector inlet.
This will be typically as follows:

n Dp (microns) Pn % finer
1 0.1 5
2 0.14 10
3 0.2 17.3
4 0.25 25.7
5 0.3 32.8
 6 0.36 40
7 0.45 49.8
8 0.55 58.5
9 0.65 65.5
10 0.75 74.5
11 1.2 85.6
12 2 95
13 4 99.14

If you do not have this data, you cannot solve the efficiency part of the design.
You may have to assume this particulate condition simply to demonstrate the method.
 http://www.estcorporation.com/wetscrub.htm
ne particles in the size range of one micron and smaller.
ntact between the particles in the gas and the scrubbing liquid.
rticles from the gas. For varying gas rates, variable throat
eded for effective control of the particles.
parator with liquid storage, a recirculation pump,
d. System blowers can also be included.

rom the scrubber shown above.

Richardson No. = 100-115

aporation in the Contactor

out 250 to 300F ahead
ption that hot gas temperature
to 300F range.
, ( a dimensionless Scrubber Size)
system requirements are

et per minute, acfm

dimensions are provided.

is the numerical
use in other Figures.

ncreases as an exponential function of the

first trial value.

maintained within certain limits.

quantity of scrubbing liquid supplied.
pply it are relatively inexpensive
ual to the maximum values determined

solid cone nozzle directly below

or. It is supplied by means of

ing evaporation losses,

 ing evaporation losses,

aporation losses.

crubber size N

Equation 7

density in grams per cc

r increase the trial value of dP

d w2 found in step 4
s and added