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Tent drier - Figure 5

Este tipo consiste en un marco de carpa (estilo canadiense) rigido, cubierto de plastic
transparente en l4 costados que da el sol, y un plstico negro en la base y en el lado que
da la sombra. Una bandeja de secado es puesto a lo largo de toda la carpa. La parte de
de abajo del plastico transparente mas grande se enrolla en un palo, de modo que este
pueda subirse y bajarse a lo largo de la estructura para poder controlar la corriente de
aire que entra en la carpa. El aire hmedo, sale por agujeros hechos en las esquinas
superiores de los plsticos laterales.

Las ventajas de este tipo de secador, es el bajo precio de construccin y la simplicidad.


Sin embargo hay poco control del RH () del aire en la secadora, y entonces, poco
control sobre los ritmos de secado. Es tambin liviano, pero un poco frgil.

Figure 5: Tent solar dryer


Cabinet drier - Figure 6

El diseo bsico es una caja aislada, cubierta con un vidrio o plastic. Hay agujeros en la
base y en la parte superior para permitir la entrada de aire fresco y la salida del aire
humedo. El interior esta pintado de negro para actuar como un colector solar. La fruta es
colocada en bandejas perforadas, dentro de la cabina. El airte calida pasa a travez de
estas y sale por arriba. El largo de la caja, es tres veces el ancho, para evitar la sobra de
las paredes laterals.

Los lados pueden ser de echo de una table o de paredes hechas de barro. Los modelos
mas grandes pueden ser construidos en barro, ladrillos o cemento. Los aislantes pueden
ser (wood shavings, sawdust, coconut fibre, dried grass or leaves) pero deben ser por lo
menos de 5cm de ancho, para mantener alta la temperatura interior. El problema son los
insectos, para esto los agujeros deben ser tapados con tela mosquitera. Las bandejas de
secado deberan ser echas de (basket work or plastic mesh). No debera usarse metal
porque puede reaccionar a los acidos de las frutas y causar problemas en el sabor de las
frutas. Este tipo de secadores pueden agrandarse hasta capacidades de una tonelada.

Figure 6: Cabinet dryer


Chimney drier

Es un cabinet drier, al que se le agrega un calentador solar, y una chimenea pintada de


negro. Asi, el aire que entra es ms clido, y la chimenea, calienta el aire superior, lo
que acelera el flujo de aire dentro del secador.

Tunel Secador Solar


Muchos secadores solares utilizan celulas fotovoltaicas para activar ventiladores para
soplar aire a travez de la zona de secado. El mejor entre estos tipos de secadores esta el
Hohenheim dryer producido por Innotech en Alemania. Utilizando un ventilador para
crear una corriente de aire, el tiempo de secado puede ser muy reducido. El aire fluye a
travez del colector solar (el area pintada de negro para absorber el calor del sol) y es
soplado por bandejas que contienen el material a secar.
Figure 7 : A Hohenheim dryer, Ghana. Black paint being applied to the collector.
Photo: Tony Swetman.
Artificial (mechanical) drier

These use fuel to increase the air temperature, and reduce the RH and fans to increase
air speed. They give close control over the drying conditions and hence produce high
quality products. They operate independently of the weather and have low labour costs.
However, they are more expensive to buy and operate than other types of driers. In
some applications, where consistent product quality is essential, it is necessary to use
mechanical driers.

Light bulb drier

This consists of an electric light bulb inside a wooden box. If electricity is available this
is a simple, low cost drier which may be suitable for home preservation. The capacity is
very small and it is not likely to be useful for income generation. The bottom of a box is
painted black, or covered in soot or black cloth. The sides are covered in shiny material
(for example aluminium paint) to reflect the heat onto the black surface. Air circulates
by natural convection in a similar way to the solar cabinet drier, but in this case the drier
can operate all night as well as all day.

Cabinet drier

The design is similar to the solar type but in this case the heat is supplied by burning
fuel or electricity. If electricity is available, a fan can be used to increase the speed of air
moving over the food and therefore increase the rate of drying. To be economical it is
likely that this type of drier should be relatively large (1-5 tonnes). These are
successfully used for drying herbs, tea and vegetables.

Practical Action has developed a range of drying systems including a small, low-cost
industrial type which can be fabricated in countries of intended use. Its small size makes
it suitable for decentralised use in crop-growing areas. The price at about US$ 3,000, is
substantially lower than for standard, commercially available units.

The small unit is a semi-continuous drying cabinet with hot air supplied by an indirect
heater-blower unit. Intended for round-the-clock operation, the semi-continuous tray
drier is designed for maximum fuel efficiency. It takes about four hours for the first
(bottom) tray to dry: after that, it can be removed, the remaining trays lowered, leaving
a space at the top for a tray of fresh material. Trays can then be removed every twenty
minutes.

Silo dryer

These driers consist of trays or tanks containing a deeper layer of food than those found
in cabinet driers.

They have a larger capacity and are often used for grain drying, where the amount of
water to be removed is smaller than for example fruits and vegetables, but the quantities
involved are larger.

There is considerable scope for the use of small driers that combine the low cost of solar
heating with better control of mechanical driers.

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