Exercise 2 (on Connectedness, path connectedness) September 1016
1. Solve Problems 5, 6, 7, 8, 11 in Pages 158 ( 24) in the book Topology by Munkres
2. Solve Problems 1, 3, 5 in Page 162 ( 25) in the book Topology by Munkres. 3. Prove or disprove each of the following : (i) R3 a plane is connected. (ii) R3 a straight line is connected. (iii) S 1 S 1 \ ((S 1 {1}) ({1} S 1 )) is connected. (iv) (R {0}) {(x, y) R2 : xy = 1, x > 0} R2 is connected. (v) Let X and Y be path connected spaces and (x, y) X Y . If each X and Y has more than one elements then X Y \ {(x, y)} is path connected. (vi) Let f : X Y be continuous and onto. If X is locally connected then Y is also locally connected. (vii) For X 6= , the indiscrete space (X, {X, }) is path connected. 4. Let A be a countable set in R2 . Show that R2 \ A is path connected. 5. Show that R2 \ (Q (R \ Q)) is connected in R2 . 6. Let X = {(x, y) : x or y is in Q}. Show that X is connected in R2 . 7. What are the components in R` ? 8. Let c be the cofinite topology on R. What are the components in (R, c )? 9. Let A and B be two subsets of a topological space. If A B 6= , (X \ A) B 6= and B is connected then show that B (A (X \ A)) 6= . 10. Let (X, ) be a topological space. Define a binary relation on X as x y if there is a path from x to y. Show that is an equivalence relation. Show that the -classes are nothing but path components (i.e., C is a -class if and only if C is a path component). 11. Give examples of topological spaces X such that : (i) X is connected but not path connected, (ii) X is connected but not locally connected, (iii) X is locally connected but not connected, (iv) X is path connected but not locally path connected and (v) X whose connected components are not open sets. 12. Let L1 , . . . , Ln be n straight lines through (0, 0, 0) in R3 . Show that R3 \ (L1 Ln ) is path connected. 13. If X has finite number of components then show that each component is both open and closed. Find a space in which components are not open. 14. Show that S 2 = {(x1 , x2 , x3 ) R3 : x21 + x22 + x23 = 1} is path connected in R3 . 15. Show that X is locally connected if and only if every component of each open subset of X is an open set.