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Keeler
Range of
Name
Usual
notation
Definition
Domain
Range of usual
usual
of x for
principal value
principal
real result
(radians)
value
(degrees)
arcsine
arccosine
arctangent
arccotangent
arcsecant
arccosecant
y = arcsin(
x)
x = sin(y)
1 x 1
/2 y /2
90 y 90
1 x 1
0y
0 y 180
/2 < y < /2
90 < y < 90
0<y<
y = arccos
x = cos(y
(x)
y = arctan(
x = tan(y
all real
x)
numbers
y = arccot(
x = cot(y
all real
x)
numbers
y = arcsec
x = sec(y
x 1 or 1
(x)
y = arccsc(
x = csc(y
x 1 or 1
/2 y < 0 or 0
-90 y < 0
x)
< y /2
or 0 < y 90
0
y < /2 or /2 < y
0 y < 90 or
90 < y 180
SINE LAW
In trigonometry, the law of sines, sine law, sine formula, or sine rule is
an equation relating the lengths of the sides of any shaped triangle to the sines of its angles.
According to the law,
where a, b, and c are the lengths of the sides of a triangle, and A, B, and C are the opposite
angles (see the figure to the right), while D is the diameter of the triangle's circumcircle. When
the last of these equations is not used, the law is sometimes stated using the reciprocals;
COSINE LAW
In trigonometry, the law of cosines (also known as the cosine formula or cosine rule)
relates the lengths of the sides of a triangle to the cosine of one of its angles. The law of cosines
states
where denotes the angle contained between sides of lengths a and b and opposite the side of
length c.
Sources:
http://jwilson.coe.uga.edu/emt668/emat6680.folders/brooks/6690stuff/righttri
angle/Applicationps.html
http://jwilson.coe.uga.edu/emt668/emat6680.folders/brooks/6690stuff/righttri
angle/Applications.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverse_trigonometric_functions
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_cosines
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_sine
SOLUTIONS
1. A 16 foot ladder is leaning against a house. It touches the bottom of a
window that is 12 feet 6 inches above the ground. What is the measure of
the angle that the ladder forms with
the ground?
Let x equal the measure of the
angle the ladder forms with the
ground. A picture of the problem is
drawn to the right.
We have the side opposite to the
angle in question as well as the hypotenuse. I can write the unknown in
terms of the known using the definition of sine:
= 192 in so
Notice the units cancel out. You should always get a unitless number when
you have a trigonometric ratio. Using the inverse sin on a calculator I get the
measure of the angle is equal to
.
2. Kaila is flying a kite whose string is making a
angle with the ground.
The kite string is 65 meters long. How far is the kite above the ground?
After reading the problem I would draw the following picture:
where h is the height, what I want to find. I know an angle, so I
know I need to use a trigonometric ratio to solve this problem. I
am looking for the side opposite the given angle and I know the
hypotenuse. Looking at my definitions I see I should use the sine
ratio to write the unknown in terms of knowns.
So I have
or
4. The Pythagorean Theorem states that the sum of the squres of the legs of
a right triangle is equal to the square of the hypotenuse. We would have:
5. A surveyor is 100 meters from the base of a dam. The angle of elevation
to the top of the dam measures
. The surveyor's eye-level is 1.73 meters
above the ground. Find the height of the dam to the nearest hundredth of a
meter.
After reading the problem I
draw:
So the top of the dam will be
distance d + 1.73 m. I have
and angle, and the side
adjacent to the angle and I
am looking for the side
opposite the angle.
Since
I get:
I am not quite done, I must add the distance the triangle is above the ground
to get the height I am looking for. The height of the dam is 48.77 m + 1.73 m
= 50.50 m.
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