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for
REFORMATION
and
RENAISSANCE
J 1 WLX1L.J
STUDIES
VICTORIA
UNIVERSITY
The Itinerary
of
Fynes Moryson
In
Four
Volume
Volumes
IV
GLASGOW
PRINTED
AT
THE
UNIVERSITY
ROBERT
MACLEHOSE
fAMES
MACLEHOSE
TO
THE
THE
THE
AND
MACMILLAN
MACMILLAN
SIMPKIN,
BOWES
DOUGLAS
&> COMPANY
AND
CO.
AND
OF
LTD.
GLASGOW
LONDON
CO.
NEW
CO. OF CANADA
HAMILTON
AND
LTD.
AND
BOWES
FOULIS
MCMVI11
BY
FOR
SONS, PUBLISHERS
UNIVERSITY
MACMILLAN
PRESS
CO.
YORK
TORONTO
LONDON
CAMBRIDGE
EDINBURGH
An Itinerary
Containing His Ten YeeresTravell through
the Twelve Dominions of Germany, Bohmerland, Sweitzerland, Netherland,
Denmarke,
5? Ireland
Written by
FYNES
MORYSON
GENT.
VOLUME
IV
Glasgow
James MacLehose and Sons
Publishers to the University
MCMVIII
THE
TABLE
PAGE
the
Second
Booke
of the
Third
Part
(Continued'},
CHAP.
III.
....
IIII.
V.
Booke
CHAP.
46
of the Third
Part.
I.
74
THE
TABLE
II.
.
CHAP.
I31
III.
.
CHAP.
.142
IIII.
177
V.
Booke
CHAP.
of the Third
Part.
I.
II.
III.
204
223
THE
TABLE
...
CHAP.
-238
IIII.
Of the particularCommonwealths,
aswell of the Princesof
Germany,as of the free Cities, suchof both ashave
absolutepower of life and death.
333
383
CHAP.
CHAP.
V.
VI.
things,the TributesandRevenewes,
themilitary power
for Horse, Foot, and Navy, the Courts of Justice,rare
Lawes,more speciallythoseof Inheritance and Dowries
and Contractsfor mariage,the Capitoll or Criminal!
Judgements,and the diversitie of degreesin Families
and the Commonwealth.
443
THE
TABLE
and of Mantoua.
Chap. II.
THE
TABLE
Index,
........
480
The
Fourth
Volume
OF
Chap. III.
Heaven(in whichtheMeridians
meete)andthroughthe
M.
IV
AD.
1605-17.
FYNES
MORYSON'S
ITINERARY
andmidnightundertheHorizon(orwiththeAntipodes.)
The Circle in the convexor bending of the earth, directly
and perpendicularly
underthis circleMeridian, passing
by the extremepoints of the earth that are underthe
Poles, and by any appointedplacein the superficies(or
distant,because
havingrelationone to the other, or to
to one of the
OF
GEOGRAPHY
IN
GENERAL
A.D.
1605-17.
The whole circle of the /Equator or Meridian, con- [III. ii. 76.]
taines360 degrees,whereof eachconsistsof 60 minutes. Degrees.
About 500 stadia make a degree, 125 pacesmake a
stadium, an Italian mile makes 8 stadia, a French mile
by anyplacewhosesituationis inquired,asmanydegrees
asarefoundin the Paralellcircleproperto the saidplace,
from the first Meridian to the proper Meridian of the
place,of so manydegrees
is the Longitudeof that place
said to be. In like sort the circle Equator and the
A.D.
1605-17.
FYNES
MORYSON'S
ITINERARY
Also the
Zones,
longitude. The Zonescompassing
the earthlike girdles,
accordingto the Longitude thereof, devide it by the
/Equator,andfoureparalellsinto five parts,whereoftwo
are temperate,and three intemperate. One of the
intemperate,being the middle, lies under the /Equator,
betweenethe two Paralells called Tropici, and this is
calledthe Torride or burnt Zone, becauseit being under
the Ecliptick line, of the Sunnesyeerelycourse,is continually burnt with the beamesthereof. This Zone in
the Superficiesor upper part of the earth, containesthe
greater part of Affrick towards the South, yea, almost
all Affrick, (exceptingEgypt, and Mauritania, towards
the Northerne Pole, and the furthest parts of Affrick
towards the SouthernePole), and it containesthe chiefe
Hands of the East Indies.
Next
to this middle
torride
and Asia.
The other
are for heate, and one of them lies under the Northerne
OF
GEOGRAPHY
IN
GENERAL
A.D.
1605-17.
Clymesare tractscompassing
the earthcircularlyfrom Clymes.
the West to the East, and they are much more narrow
then the Zones,and not of equalLatitude amongthemselves,but asZonesare the greater,the neererthey are to
the Equator, and the narrower,the more they aredistant
from the Equator, towards either of the Poles, so are
the Clymes. The Latitude of eachClyme is so great,
as from the beginning to the end of it, the greatest
Solstitial day may increasehalfe an hower. And because
this variation of the day, in parts most remote from the
Equator, happensin shorterdistancesof the earth,therefore the Clymes also most remote from the Equator,
are made more and more narrow. In our age wherein
dayis no moreincreased
by halfehoures,but the oblique
horizonon both sides,hideth certaineportionsof the
5
A.D.
1605-17.
FYNES
MORYSON'S
ITINERARY
Ecliptick,aboutthesolstitialpoints,whichareperpetual
appearings
or hidings,& whenthe Sunpasseth
them,it
makescontinualday for someweekes,yea, for some
moneths,or the like continuall night, til you come to
Parts
ofthe five parts, Asia, Africk, Europe, America,and Terra
World.
must speake
of the partsof Europe& Asia seatedin the
temperateZone towards the North, and under the
Northern latitude & Easterly longitude, which must
alwaiesbe observedfor the understandingof the descriptions now following. The oriental longitude, (namely
Of Germany,
from the first meridian towards the East) of Germany,
Sweitzerland,
with Sweitzerland& Boemerland,from the 23 degreeto
tf Bohemia.
the46degree,
extends
it selfe23degrees.
TheNorthern
latitude, (namelyfrom the Equinoctial to the North), of
the sameCountries,from the paralellof 45 degrees& a
halfe, to the paralel of 55 degrees& a halfe, extendsit
selfe 10 degrees. Germanyis divided into the upper &
the lower.
Upper
Suevia, Helvetia, (or Sweitzerland)Alsatia, & the Tract
Germany, upon the River Rhein to Metz. i Austria was of old
containing
Sweitzerland.
OF
THE
GEOGRAPHY
OF
GERMANY
A.D.
1605-17.
A.D.
1605-17.
FYNES
MORYSON'S
ITINERARY
in greatnesse
to the Danow),is in the highestAlpesof
Helvetia, where it riseth in two heads,and the Northerly
the
Sweitzers.
The
Inhabitants
of
Helvetia
are
commonlycalledSweitzers,and amongthemselves
they
will be called Eidgenossen,that is; partakers of the
sworne league. The part of Helvetia betweene the
OF
THE
GEOGRAPHY
OF
GERMANY
A.D.
1605-17.
Elector.
vinces,Franconia,Bohemia,Moravia, Silesia,Saxonia,fiower
Lusatia,Misnia, Turingia, Marchia,the Dukedomeof
ania,Borussia,
& Livonia,(for I omit GalliaBelgicato be
handledin his proper place.)
9
A.D.
1605-17.
FYNES
MORYSON'S
ITINERARY
round
about.
Bohemia
is
not
devided
into
sea.
The
inhabitants
of
Bohemia
came
out
of
Morava.
The chiefe
OF
THE
GEOGRAPHY
OF
GERMANY
A.D.
1605-17.
languageas manners.
5 Saxony containes all that lies betweene Hassia,
Silesia,Polonia, Bohemia, and the Baltick sea,so as at this
therein.
A.D.
FYNES
MORYSON'S
ITINERARY
1605-17.
that stile, and both the new and old are subject to the
said Elector.
of theEmpire,stronglyfortified,andnot anywaysubject
to the Duke of Brunswick, though upon someold title
heehath the namethereof, and possesseth
the rest of the
from
Brunswick.
Dukedome.
Cherusci,
Teucteri,Bructeri,andthe Vigenones,
andit
OF
THE
GEOGRAPHY
OF
GERMANY
A.D.
1605-17-
thereof.
It
Stetin,
in vaine,attemptedto subdue.)
A.D.
FYNES
MORYSON'S
ITINERARY
1605-17.
cold.
doe more
OP" THE
SITUATION
OF
GERMANY
A.D.
1605-17.
SummerreflectingagainstthoseMountaines(though in
a cold Region)are soviolently hot, asthe Citiesat that
time are much annoyedwith multitudes of flies, which
not onely vex men, but so trouble the horses,as they
are forced to cover them with cloathes from this annoy-
A.D.
FYNES
MORYSON'S
ITINERARY
1605-17.
seesomefew Orangetrees,preserved
in pitchersfull of
earth,by settingthemfourth in the heateof the Summer
dayes,and after drawing them into houses,where they
OF
THE
FERTILITY
OF
GERMANY
A.D.
1605-17.
life,andmanycommodities
to betransported.For greatJGermany
Cities, and Cities within land (of which Germany hath
store) those argue plenty of commoditiesto bee transported,and theseplenty of foode to nourishmuchpeople.
And sincethat paradoxof Cicero is most true, that small
causesof expencerather then great revenues,make men
rich, surely by this reasonthe Germansshould bee most
rich. They never play at Dice, seldomeat Cardes,and
that for smallwagers. They seldomefeast,andsparingly,
needingno sumptuaryLawesto restrainethe number or
costlinesseof dishes of sawces. They are apparrelled
with homely stuffes, and weare their clothes to the utter-
17
A.D.
1605-17.
FYNES
MORYSON'S
ITINERARY
OF
THE
FERTILITY
OF
GERMANY
A.D.
1605-17
And
it is worth
the consideration,
that
They
Cities
that
are on the
Of thetrafick
sideof Germany,
havevery greatships,but morefit for "f Germany
taking in great burthen, then for sayling or fighting,
which the Netherlander more commonly fraught with
their commodities, then the Germans themselves, neither
are
the
German
Marriners
much
to
bee
commended.
A.D.
1605-17.
FYNES
MORYSON'S
ITINERARY
they are excludedfrom buying any thing throughGermany, except it bee sold in their owne Townes of trafficke.
In generall,the Germansdoe appliethemselvesindustriously to all traffickeby land, which onely the free Cities
on the Sea-coast
exercisesomewhatcoldly by sea. At
[III. ii. 80.] homethe Germansamongthemselves
spendand export
20
OF
THE
TRAFFIC
OF
GERMANY
A.D.
1605-17.
an unspeakable
quantity of Beerewith greatgaine, which
yeeldsgreatprofit to private Citizens,and to the Princes,
or publikeSenatein freeCities,therebeingno Merchandize of the World that more easily findes a buyer in
Germany, then this. For the Germans trafncke with
strangers,
I will omit smallcommodities
(whichareoften
sold, though in lessequantitie, yet with more gaine then
greater)and in this placeI will onely speakeof the commoditiesof greatermoment,aswellthosethat the Country
affords,as thosethat buy in forraigne parts to be transported in their owne ships. The Germansexport into
Italy, linnen clothes,corne,wax (fetcht from Dantzk and
thoseparts)and coynedsilver of their owne, which they
alsoexchangeuncoinedwith somequantity of gold. Into
England they export boards,iron, courselinnen clothes
(and of that kind one sort called Dyaper, wrought in
Misen), and bombast or cotton.
dangerous
for them, for the enemieoften tooke their
goods, and made them prisoners, at the very mouth of
A.D.
1605-17.
FYNES
MORYSON'S
ITINERARY
OF
THE
TRAFFIC
OF
GERMANY
A.D.
1605-17.
Sea.
Others
thinke
rather
that
Amber
is
AD
1605-17.
FYNES
MORYSON'S
ITINERARY
because
it is fat,andburnesbeingput to thefier, concludes
it to be a fat clay, or bituminous matter, affirming that
it is not onely found upon the SeaCoast,but often caught
at Sea in nets, and he adds that being liquid, it often
fals upon, and includeslittle beasts,which growe with
it to the hardnes of stone, and that it smels of mirh.
with excessive
OF
THE
DIET
OF
GERMANY
A.D.
1605-17.
A.D.
1605-17.
FYNES
MORYSON'S
ITINERARY
and undevided
These Cheesesthey
compasse
round with thred or twigges,and they beginne
them in the midst of the broade side, making a round
hole there, into which hole, when the cheeseis to be set
so rotten
and so full
of these
Shroftidebaking,because
thenand uponS. Martinsday,
and somelike Feaststhey use to make it. They usenot
in any place almost, to offend in the great number of
dishes,onely somefew Innesof chiefeCities give plenti26
OF
THE
DIET
OF
GERMANY
A.D.
1605-17.
full meales. And for the Saxons,they for the most part
fill his bellie that hath not enough. Almost all their
Tables are round, and of so great a compasse,as each
dish being servedoneby one, (not aswe use to havethe
Table fully furnished with meate),they that sit at the
corners of the Table, are forced to stand on their feete
Ginger-bread
and Aquavity. They sit long at Table,
and evenin the Innesas they take journies,dine very
27
A.D.
1605-17.
FYNES
MORYSON'S
ITINERARY
flockes
of fowle,or change
of fishes,
or banquetting
stufFe,
28
OF
THE
DIET
OF
GERMANY
A.D.
1605-17.
of their Sheepe,
or other Cattle. For in the morning
they are to come backe with the Heard, a servant is [III. ii. 84.]
commandedto attend them, who washeth the dust from
five,sometimes
foureteene
Guldens,
yea,at Heidelberg,
it wascrediblytold me, that a Sow,beingso fat, asshee
couldnot at one feedingeatea raw egge,all her intrels
A.D.
FYNES
MORYSON'S
ITINERARY
1605-17.
man, iest they should seemeto desirethat morsell themselves,for they hold it a point of civility not to take that
is carved, but to force it upon the Carver. They dip
their bread in sawces,but thinke it ill manners to dip
meat therein, as likewise to reach bread with the point
it.
OF
THE
LODGING
OI^
GERMANY
A.D.
1605-17.
a wise
man of
his errour.
In
beds(excepting
Sweitzerland,
wherethey useone bedtfGermany
under them, and are covered with woollen blankets) and
they pull the fethersfrom the quill, using onely the softest
of them for making of beds. The bed lying under is
greatand large, and that above is narrow and more soft,
betweenewhich they sleepeaswellin SummerasWinter.
This kind of lodging were not incommodiousin Winter,
if a man did lie alone: but sinceby the high way they
forcemento havebedfellowes,
onesidelies opento the
cold, by reasonthat the upper bed is narrow, so as it
cannot fall round about two, but leavesone side of them
A.D.
1605-17.
FYNES
MORYSON'S
ITINERARY
challengereward.
I have formerly advisedEnglish Travellers, first to
passeby Germany,that they may there learne patience
by serving themselves. For if you come to a shop to
buy shooes,the Master bids you to find out your selfe
those that will fit you, and then to put them on your
OF
THE
LODGING
OF
GERMANY
A.D.
1605-1
never
remember
to
have
beene
offered
unto
The Innes of
or foure
hundred
such Armes
in one Inne.
the
Dutchmens large drinking. In.. lower Germany,
where drinking.
a,r$e,.
...
''
they dnnke beere, a passengershall pay each meale com-
33
A.D.
1605-17.
FYNES
MORYSONS
ITINERARY
to walke in, while they stumble and fall in the durt, while
especially
in Saxony,evento spewat the Tablein their
next fellowesbosome,or to pisseunder the Table,and
afterwards in their beds. And I know not how the
fellowship
of drunkards
is sopleasing
to them,asa man
34
OF
DRINKING
IN
GERMANY
A.D.
1605-17.
crying,Kanstunightsauffenund fressen,
sokanstukeinem
hern wol dienen; If thou canst not swill and devoure,
thou canst serve no Master well.
have the hugest and most capablevesselsin his Cellar. far thekttSest
Some of these vessels containe
more
then
a thousand
measures,
eachof seventyCansor Pots, and are ascended
by twenty or thirty staires. Out of this vessellthey daily
drawwine, andbeinghalfeemptied,they fill it up againe:
but at the birth of a child, or any like feast,they turne
this Monster loose for all commers to tame it, and drinke
A.D.
1605-17.
FYNES
MORYSON'S
ITINERARY
their number, for they are very jealous that any man
being sober, should behold their quaffing, so as a man
Germans
of Prussiaformerlypraisedby me,mustpardon
me if I taske them with this vice as much as the rest.
When I passed
from Melvin to Dantzke,my companion
by the way shewedme a Tower called Groske, where
OF
DRINKING
IN
GERMANY
A.D.
1605-17.
For Punishments
A.D.
1605-17.
FYNES
MORYSON'S
ITINERARY
moremodestlyor lessewickedlyheerevengedhimselfe.
While all drinke in this manner circularly out of one
OF
DRINKING
IN
GERMANY
A.D.
1605-17.
A.D.
1605-17.
FYNES
MORYSON'S
ITINERARY
possessed
with melancholyto tearesand complaints,and
they who areflegmatiketo dull astonishmentand spewing.
Thetrade
of The trade of brewing is more commodiousamong the
brewing. Germans,
thenanyothertrafficke. Soasat Torg,(where
the best beere is brewed
and from
thence distracted
to
servants
brew
a small
the
OF
DRINKING
IN
GERMANY
A.D.
1605-17.
c
.
....
j
1 .. /drunkenness.
or notorious
vices ; wherein
is blamed.
Bohemia
useasgreat(or little lesse)excesse
in drinking,
temperate
A.D.
FYNES
MORYSON'S
ITINERARY
1605-17.
will
travelers.apply themselves
to the Germansin this drinking
custome, so as at least with lesse hurt or offence, they
may passethrough their territories. For those who passe
OF
DRINKING
IN
GERMANY
A.D.
1605-17.
A.D.
FYNES
MORYSON'S
ITINERARY
1605-17.
him
Ofboth
in
generall. of Germany,
because
Bohemiais farrewithin landand
hath no greatcommoditiesto beeexported,and Sweitzerland is addicted to the mercinarieservice of forraigne
Princes in their warres, changing their cattell for the
particularly.
spinning
wooll,whereof
theymakepieces
of clothsome
134elleslong,andlestcovetousnes
of privatemenmight
44
OF
SWITZERLAND
PARTICULARLY
A.D.
1605-17.
of Salmons),
Woods,
goodHorses,
but heavylike thoseParticularb
of Freesland,and with Niter, which it is death to carry
out, yet for gaineof fifty in the hundred, therewant not
who hazardthat danger. I say it hath the commodities,
andalsoproducethWines,but very sharpeandunpleasant,
and hath
some mines
of
mettals.
Howsoever
it
bee
thentheGermans,
andaremuchmoresubjectto gluttony,
45
A.D.
1605-17.
FYNES
MORYSON'S
ITINERARY
greatexcesse,
whichto the Germansis most reprochfull.
In the Innestheygive largedyet for somefive Bohemish
grosha meale,anduponthe confinesof Germanytowards
Nurnberg,for sometwenty creitzersa meale. But the
Bohemianseateoften in the day, andsit almostcontinually
at the Table, and since at Prage, and in many other
places,
all thingsaresoldout of the Innes,afterthe maner
of Poland, the Bohemians seldome eat at an ordinary,
Chap. IIII.
Of
the united
Provinces
in Netherland,
and of
Denmarke and Poland, touching the said subjects of the precedent third Chapter.
Of the United
Provinces.
long haire)wassubdevided
into Aquitanica& Celtica,or
Lugdunensis,
andBelgica. This partcalledBelgica,containes the Lowcountries,whose dominion hath been by
OF
THE
UNITED
PROVINCES
A.D.
1605-17.
Provinces,
whereofsomestill remainesubjectto the King
of Spaine,others(of whichI am to speake)beingunited
in league,have recoveredtheir libertie by the sword,
of Brabant.
Therefore
Pallaces.
inrichedwithCheese,
Butter,Oylemadeof Rape-rootes,
47
A.D.
1605-17.
FYNES
MORYSON'S
ITINERARY
sonne hath
the title
of Prince.
The
chiefe
OF
THE
UNITED
PROVINCES
A.D.
1605-17.
hath
lost
the
name.
said
that
the
Rheine
at
49
A.D.
FYNES
MORYSON'S
ITINERARY
1605-17.
ranch.German
Sea. Thethirdbranchof theRheinerunning
from Lobecum, within two miles of Arnkeime, fals into
OF
THE
UNITED
PROVINCES
A.D.
1605-17.
Holland
and
the
united
Provinces.
The
next
ThenBergen-ap-zome
a fortifiedCity, at this time com-
A.D.
FYNES
MORYSON'S
ITINERARY
1605-17.
to the united
States.
Adde that
OF
THE
UNITED
PROVINCES
AD.
1605-17.
aire. Thesewatersaswellrunningasstanding,arealmost
all Winter frosen over with a thicke ice, so as they will
of wood, beared full of holes in the top. And this [HI. "" 95.]
sordidremedythey carry with them, by the high way in
waggons,which the Danes or Moscovites use not, though
oppressed
with greater cold: onely someof the more
nobleWeomen, disliking this remedy, chooserather to
wearebreeches,to defend them from the cold.
A.D.
FYNES
MORYSON'S
ITINERARY
1605-17.
greatCherrieswhicharebroughtinto England,grow
not here, but in Flaunders, and the Territories within
OF
THE
UNITED
PROVINCES
AD
1605-17.
A.D.
1605-17.
FYNES
MORYSON'S
ITINERARY
andothercommodities
of that place,andfrom Italy many
kindes of silke stuffes. Also by the diligent fishing,
especially
of Herrings,on the Sea-coast
of England,they
grow rich, sellingthe sameto all Nations,andto thevery
English,whoarenot soindustriousin thattrade. Lastly,
they draw the commodities
of all Nationsto them,and
fetch them from the very Indies, and in like sort they
transport them to the remotest parts, where they yeeld
most gaine.
Of
olde
.
j the,~
trade
of
Thus he saith.
Lodovicus
Crassus in
OF
THE
UNITED
PROVINCES
A.D.
1605-17.
of sheepe
Conneys
andother,andcoursewoollencloathes.
The Spaniards
and Portugals,broughtgrainefor Scarlet
Dye, Gold, Silver, raw Silke, thred of Silke, the wood
Guiacum, Salsaparilla,Unicornes Home, and Spices.
The Germans, with the Danes and Polakes, brought
Honey, Waxe, Corne, Salt-Peter, Wooll, Glasse,rich
Furs, Quick-silver, Armes, Rhenish Wines, Timber tor
thither.
of
of otherNations(excepting
partof the Spaniards)
leaving
Bruges,seatedthemselvesat Antwerp about the yeere
A.D.
1605-17.
FYNES
MORYSON'S
ITINERARY
Trade
increased
byhomemucncommodity
andincrease
by the Rivers,(as
the Rheinebringingdownethecommodities
of Germany),
and by the standing or little moving waters,which are
most frequent, and by channelsor ditches wrought by
farre within
Land.
All
the Rivers
fall from
especially
of Holland,for traffickesayleto Hamburg,and
58
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NETHERLANDS
A.D.
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A.n.
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of those
TheInnes.
the other,commodities
of lodgingare as frequent,yea,
they hang out signesat the doore, (which fashionis not
60
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OF
THE
NETHERLANDS
A.D.
1605-17.
as the Germans
doe.
A.D.
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greatly
is not
lawful
to sel Rhenish
wine
and French
white
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OF
THE
NETHERLANDS
A.D.
1605-17.
which cannot well be mixed, without being easily perceived. And for the samecausethey may not sel in one
placedivers kinds of the samecountry wine, and of the
same colour.
The
Netherlanders
doe drunken
A.D.
1605-17.
FYNES
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Norway.
be desart
and
barren.
circle.
Scandia containe
of the neck
made incursionsupon the Roman Empire. And hereupon the said tract, containing not onely Scandiaand
Gothia, but all Norway and Succia,was by old Writers
calledthe shopand sheathof Nations. The HandGothia
yeeldsthe rich Furres calledSabels.
64
OF
THE
KINGDOM
OF
DENMARK
A.D.
1605-17.
4 The HandScandiais alsocalledScondia,and Scandinavia, and Schonlandia,that is, faire land, the beauty
65
A.D.
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of Hoist.
Of
which
Dukedome
the chiefe
OF
THE
KINGDOM
OF
DENMARK
A.D.
1605-17.
I did see no
commonInnesat Copenhagen,
Elsenar,or Roschilde,but
someare there licensedto keepeTaverns for selling of
wine,wherethe commontable for that purposeis alwaies
readycoveredwith linnen. But passengers
must obtaine
diet and lodging with someCitizen, and in their houses
they shal find honest manners, moderate diet, and cleane
is Cracouia
(vulgarlyCrakaw)the seatof the Kings. The
67
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inhabitants come of the Scithians, and the manners of
[IILii. 102.]
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A.D.
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or Townes.
fresh-water
Fish (it beingfarrewithin land),andal kind
of Pulse,as Peaseand the like.
A.D.
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of pits, Amber,Soape-ashes,
and all kindeof Graine,
especiallyRye, which hath madeDaniske famous,tor
relievingall Nationstherewithin time of dearth.
commodities.
Poland
aboundeth
with
the foresaid
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POLAND
A.D.
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tradefor them, being the sinewof that Countrey,howsoever all things are sold there at most deare prices, yet
no Princes (considering things to be considered)no
Gentlemen, no Merchants of the universall World, have
I have
A.D.
1605-17.
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any Gentleman
who hath not the skill, and doth not use
to dressefishfor his owneeating. In Villagesandsmall
Cities, by the high way a passenger
shallfind no bed,
but he may carry a bed in his Coach,and sit upon it
conveniently. Others use to sleepeupon straw, lapped
with a furred horsemanscoate, which they use to weare,
Cities
in
their
Coaches.
For
the
Innes
in such
lowrate.
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OF
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A.D.
1605-17.
till our Lady day in Lent, about which time the frost
beginsfirst to breake. And if they will eate a Hare in
the meanetime, they thaw it at the fier, or the oven of
the warmestove,or by castingit into water, and so they
presentlyset it to the fier, either to be rostedor boyled.
In like sort they preservePhesants,or any kind of flesh,
being frozen over, aswell as if they were salted. And
if anyman thinke this a Travellersfiction, let him know,
that a most credible person told mee, of his certaine
knowledgeand experience,that the Moscovitesin Russia,
bring the deadbodiesof men in winter thus frozen over,
andsolay themon heapesin the Bellfreesof the Churches,
where they lie without rotting, or ill smell, till about
our Lady day in Lent the Snow begins to thaw, and
theearthto be fit for digging (for till that time the earth
is coveredwith deepeand hard snow,and if it werenot
socovered,yet is so hard by continuallfrosts,asit cannot
[Chap. V.
73
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I6O5-I7.
Chap. V.
calledSaturnia,Janicula,Oenotria,andAusonia,andlastly
it had the name of Italy. It was called Saturnia of
Saturne, who banished from his Country, taught the
Inhabitants of this Country the Art of Husbandry, as
Poetsfable,andis accountedthe first King of this people,
thencalledAborigines,asbornethere,not commingfrom
any forraigne part to inhabite there. It was called
Janiculaof Janusor Noha, whom they affirme to have
come thither after the deluge, and to have taught them
the art to plant vines and sow corne,& to have built the
Citie Janua, now called Genoa. It was called Oenotria,
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it into two tracts, one lying towards the upper or Adriaticke Sea, the other towards the nether or Tyrrhene
Sea. For howsoever the Appennine about Ancona,
seemes to bend towards the Adriaticke
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Liguria.
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of Salerno,
theseNoble mendwelling therethe greatest[III. ii. 106.]
part of the yeere. The Capuandelights, corrupting the
Army of Hanniball, are knowneto all the World. This
Province is an earthly Paradise, where Bacchusand Ceres
The
Mountaine
Vesuvius
is
now
called
The
andotherwonders
celebrated
by Poets. TheKingdome
of Naplesis subjectto the King of Spaine,
whichtogether
with the Dukedome of Milan, also subject to him, is
77
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whereof
Apulia.
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Padoa,
Ttevijo,Verona,Vicenza,
Brescia,
andBergamo.
The Tyrrheni of old inhabitedall CisalpinaGallia, who
gavethenameto theTyrrhene
Sea,andwereexpelled
by the Galles,and of them the Insubresinhabited the
79
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Transpadan
part,andtherebuilt Milano,andtheSenones
inhabited the Cispadane part.
Forum
Julii.
Histria.
And howsoever
very unwholsome,
asalsothunderingsandlightningsare
frequent, which doe great hurt both to man and beast
then abroad,as sadexperienceoften shewesthem. But
in the Dog-daiesno man is so hardy as to put his head
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them.
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ashavingby sharpenesse
of wit morethen the true value
of things, magnifiedand propoundedto strangersadmiration, eachBrooke for a River, eachvice for the neighbour
vertue, and eachpoore thing, as if it were to be extolled
above the Moone, they have thereby more wronged
to feedSheepe
andCowes,andwith plentyof whitmeats:
For they have delicate Butter, which is not otherwhere
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OF
ITALY
A.D.
1605-17.
quantity
thereofis transported,
andgreater
extracted
into
otherparts of Italy.
Lombardyalso affoords sheepeto Toscany,and other
And
so tender towards
theMule I observed,
that he will goe undera heavy[III.ii.109.]
83
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or any beastwhatsoever,
doth neveringenderof them,
and the heate of his seedis yeelded for causethereof.
Narrow Italy cannotbearered or fallow Deare,onely the
woodsof Toscanyyeeldsomefew wild Boares,whichare
preserved
for the greatDukesgame,otherwisea fewwild
beastsmight soonemakegreat spoilein so rich and well
tilled fields, as be these of Italy.
wineof diverssorts,because
they grow not high,and
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as someAppel-trees,
and they havebroadleaves. The
fruite haththe formeof a long peare,anda blackeskinne,
and a red juyce, being to be suckedlike sugar in taste.
Neither doe I thinke any fruite to bee more pleasant
then this pulled from the tree, I say pulled from the
tree, becausethe drie figges exported, are not in taste
comparablethereunto. In the fields of upper Italy
are great plenty of Almond trees, so as you would say,
that a whole Province is but one Garden. Like plenty
The Husbandmen
make ditches
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OF
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A.D.
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placeof SaintMarke in Veniceall the monethof Februarie,but they had not the odoriferoussmell of Summer
Cape)
CapeSante(holyCape)andCapelonge(longCape),
andthesethey havein moreplenty,then in most parts
of England: but the Oystersareverydeare,sometwenty
for a lyre; andI doenot remember
to haveseeneshelfish
87
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OF
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OF
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take life
of an
(asI said.) That part of the websare laid asideto preservethe wormes,out of which they eat out their way,
andcomeforth winged like butterflies,but little use the
wing, and thesewebs yeeld no silke thread, but being
dressedand severed, do serve for baser uses. That the
selfeinto smallthreads. Lastly, that the wormespreservedby spoiling their webs, out of which they eate
their way, do (as I said) casta seedor glutinous matter
upon a paper or linnen cloth, and then die.
And that
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1605-17.
That some
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Spaniards
for bearingsomechargeof war againstthe
Turkes,andit is likely he hathsomegalleys,in that one
solehavenof Civita Vecchiabelongingto him, but I
neverchancedto seeany of the Popesgallies. The Duke
of fifteene
oares,
andtheMediterranean
Sea,
beingsubject
to smallebbingsor flowingsof tides,and little subject
to stormes,thesegalleyssafelyrow betweene
the neigh91
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foolish
Marriners
as for Officers
mariners.haveoftenfoundby experience)
except
theycanseethe
shoare(which by reasonof the narrownesseof the Sea,
and frequentlies, may often be seene),areoften in doubt,
sometimesignorant where they are, and the least storme
arrising, makesucha noiseand confusion,as they bewray
their ignoranceand want of courage. Our English ships
comming forth of the Harbour of Venice togetherwith
a Venetian ship, will saile into Syria and returne backe
againe, before the Venetian ship can come thither.
Whereof two reasonsmay be given. One that the
English Marriners are paide by the voyage, not by the
dayesor monethsof absence,contrarily the Greekesare
[III. ii. 113.]paideby the Italians after the dayesof absencenot after
the voyage. The other reason is, that not onely the
Italian ships are huge and great and slow of saile, but
also the Masters,upon the first changeof wind, or foreseeingof ill weather, either for feare, or becausethey
are paid by the day not by the voyage,presentlyput into
someHaven, whencecommonlythey cannotcomeforth,
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OF
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A.D.
1605-17.
themselves
aresoexpertandbold,asin regardtheir losse
is the greaterthe longerthey arefrom home,they either
saileif the windebe any whit favourable,or lye at hull,
if the winde be full contrary, and so are reedy to take
the first blast of winde serving their turne.
Concerning
the divers kinds of diet in divers Italian Their
diet.
Cities, I have before related these things proverbially
said. The Neapolitansare magnificall, spending more
sugarthen bread. The Florentines are of spare diet,
butwonderfullclenlinesse. Thoseof Luccakeepegolden
mediocritiein all things. The Tyberine Peares and
Martioline cheesesare great dainties. Those of Genoa
areof mostsparediet, and no clenlines. The Mantuans
feedeon base beanes. The Ferrarians are inhospitall.
The Padoanssup with halfe a penniworth of fish. The
Venetians
live sparingly. The Siennesimagnifically,and
their dainties are Goates flesh, and fresh cheese. The
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expences
in great provisionsof meate,as well at feasts
as daily diet.
A paradox.
owne,and great men keepenot suchtroopesof idle servants,not onely the English arebecomevery industrious,
and skilfull in manuall Artes, but also the tyranny of
Lords and Gentlemen is abated, wherby they nourished
private dissentions and civill Warres, with the destruction
idlenesse,
and in robbingby the high waies)lying open
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A.D.
1605-17.
expences
keepemanykennelsof dogs,and castsof
advancement,
education,and meanesto live, but preferre
vaine-glory before these religious cares. How much
betterwere it for theseprodigall men to lay asidesome
goodpart of their revenue to nourish learnedmen, to
procuregood Preachersfor their companionsand guides,
to relieve vertuous men in their wants, and to spend the
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frequent
the ^,.... Gentlemenof Italy wjth the singulartitle of
markets.
'
...
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For the most part at table they use blackeor bay salt,
97
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muchesteeme),
and Sea-fishes
are indeedrarely found,
but onelyat Venice. Alsothey havelittle storeof freshwaterfish,onelythereis greataboundance
of eeles,
where
the River Po endesin a Lake, neerethe Adriatick Sea,in
OF
THE
DIET
OF
ITALY
A.D.
1605-17.
(wherofthe finestaremuchesteemed
with us.) They
makes
them
nice
to
converse
with
quickly,and sleepesoundly. Thus not provoking appetite with variety of meates,or eating with others for
goodfellowship,they must needesbe more temperate,
thenothersintisedby thesemeanesto eatebeyondhunger.
In Cities,where many take chambersin one house,they
eateat a common table, but eachman hath his owne meat
ingestar
or glasseof wine,whichaftermeateareseverally
andneatelylaid up by the Hostesse. And at the table,
perhapsone man hath a hen, another a piece of flesh,
thethird potchedegges,andeachmanseverallmeatafter
his diet:
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FYNES
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money. To conclude,
theyhold it no honouror disgrace
to live plentifullyor sparingly,sotheylive of theirowne,
and be not in debt, for in that case they are esteemed
OF
THE
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OF
ITALY
A.D.
1605-17.
faire-spoken,
and mostobsequious
men in all things,till
theycometo the shot: for if any manlove honourable
titles,capping,bendingof knees,and an humblelooke,
theywill observehim to the full, but in the endthe shot
will be intolerable, and he shall pay for their fained
courtesie and lowlinesse.
And
this extortion
is not
to
because
the Princesgranting licensesto keepetheseInnes,
doe not sheare but indeede devoure them, and he that
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1605-17.
ofItaly.
OF THE
WINES
OF ^ITALY
famous
Winesof Italy. La lagrimadi Christo,(the teare
of Christ) and like wines neereCinqueterrein Liguria:
La vernaza,and the white Muskadine,especiallythat of
Montefiaschoni
in Toscany: Cecubumand Falernumin
the Kingdome of Naples,and Prosechoin Histria. In
generallthe grapesthat grow high upon Elme-treesin
the plaine, as in Lombardy, & especiallythe grapesof
A.D.
1605-17.
[Ill.iii. 118.]
THE
THIRD
BOOKE.
Chap. I.
Macedonia,Thessalia,Thracia,Mysia, Dacia (or Transilvania), Hungaria, and the Handsunder him, that lie in
Europe.
Illyris.
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TURKEY
A.D.
1605-17.
of thisProvincewasAlexanderScanderbeg,
whobrought
up in the GreatTurkesCourt, anduponoccasion
falling
from him, did so much trouble that vast Empire.
The
A.D.
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A.D.
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ThracianChersonesus
(or neckeof Land) lies upon the
Hellespont,in which are the Townes Sestoand Callipolis.
8 The upper Misia is devided into three parts, Rascia,
Bosniaand Servia, and the lower Misia into three parts,
RiverDanubiusbeginnesto be calledIsther,whichfals
into the Euxine Sea,with foure strong and three lesser
channels. 9 Dacia or Transilvania,wasof old possessed
by the Saxons,who there built sevenCities or Castles,
of which the Province is called Septem-Castrensis,
vulgarly Sieben burgen, and of old it belonged to the
Kingdomeof Hungary, but at this day is tributary to
theTurks. 10 Hungaria so calledof the peopleHunni, Hungana.
wasof old calledPannoniathe lower, andof right belongs
to the GermanEmperour, but of late the Turkes have
subduedthe greater part thereof. It hath many and
strongly fortified Cities, as Debrezinum, Varadinum,
Segedinum(vulgarly Seget); Castrum (taken by the
Turkes)Strigonium vulgarly Gran (taken by the Turkes
in the yeere 1543) Alba Regalis(at that time also taken
by them) Quinquecclesise
(the seateof the Bishop) Buda
seatedupon the Danow; (twice or thrice taken and
regainedon both sides,of old the Kings seate)called
vulgarly Offen, and Pesta (seatedon the other side of
Danow) vulgarly called New offen. The Hungarian
Nationyeeldsto nonein strengthand courage,not unlike
the Scithiansin languageand manners. 11 The Hands
of Europe, in the Ionian Seaare these,Corcira (vulgarly
Corfu) Cephalonia,and Zaintos, (in Latin Zazinthus,
vulgarly now called Zante); all three subject to the
Venetians. All the Handsin the ^EgeanSea,are subject
to the Turke, being innumerable,among them are the
Cyclades,so called becausethey lie round together, the
chiefewhereof are Cytnos, Cyphnos,(vulgarly Sifano);
Parus(now calledParis, famousfor the Marble), Tenos
(now called Tenasa), Naxus, Andros, and Delos the chiefe
A.IX
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(vulgarlyStalemine,
whetherthey fablethat Vulcanewas
thelesser
andAsiathegreater. Thelesser
is nowcalled
Natolia or Anatolia ot a Greeke word signifying the
Bithima.
4. Capadocia
the fourthsocalledof the River Capadocis,
and the chiefeCitie is Trapesuntium,now calledGenech.
And
from the
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(perhaps
a Ship so called)his sister being drowned,&
givingthenameto Hellespont,
andhecamehimselfto
thispart of Asia,whichat this day is calledPalormi,&
of
the
Monster.
12 In
Lacaonia
of old werethesecities,Iconium(Metrapolitan)
& Lystre,whereTimothy SaintPauls Disciplewasborne,
and the River Xanthus runnes through this Province.
13 Licia lies upon the Sea,betweenPamphilia& Charia.
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farthest bosome of the Mediterranean Sea, or Iccian
Gulfe, where Alexander the Great overcameDarius, and
there is Tarsus, now called Bias, in which Towne Saint
The Geographers
divide Asia the greaterinto five parts,
accordingunto five Empires, the first of the Duke of
Moscovia, the secondof great Cham over the Tartars,
the third of the PersianKing, the fourth of diversIndian
Kings, the fifth of Ottomon over the Turkes. And this
last onely belongsto my purpose,thereforeomitting the
rest, I will speakeof it. The great Turke hath these
Provinces in Asia the greater, namely, Syria, Arabia,
Babylonia, Chaldea, Assyria, and divers Hands.
[III.iii.i2i.]
i. Siriais vulgarly calledSorya,andcontainesPalestina,
Slria.
Phaenitia,Caelosyria,Damascena,Sirophaenitia,(and as
some account) Mesopotamia. Palestina of old called
Canaan, is subdevided into Idumaea, Judaea, Samaria,
Galilea. Idumea of old called Edom, is not unfertil,
and aboundswith Palme-trees,but where it confinesupon
Arabia, is said to bee barren, and there are the Mountaines
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Johnbaptised,
andtheLandGilliad,wheretheAmonites
and Moabites dwelt of old.
upontheLakeGeneseret,
Nahim,whereChristraisedthe
And
Tabor,
where
grapes
grow thereall the yeere,and that thereis plenty
in
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Arabia.
There is
famousMount Sinay, upon which Gods Law was published, and over against it Mount Horeb. In Sinayis
the Region Nabathea,and the City thereof Petra (after
calledArech)is in the ScripturescalledPetraof the desart,
andneereit lies the RegionAgra or Agara,the Inhabitants
whereof were called Agarens, as comming of Hagar
Concubine
to
Abraham.
Desert
Arabia
is
barren,
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I will
omit
them.
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A.D.
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fyinghorrorandcold,gavethenameto Africa,asbeing
voidof cold. The MountaineAtlas in AfFrick (asTaurus
in Asia,whichin somepartsis calledCaucasus
andImaus,
betweene
Spaineand AfFricke, the mountainesAbila in
AfFrick,and Calpain Spaine,are of that forme, as men
wouldjudge they wereoncejoyned,whereuponthe Poets
fable, that Hercules devided them, and did let in the
Ocean,and so made the Mediterranean sea, and for this
of
Hercules
were
erected on Affrickes
Numidia; for the peoplebeing rich in Cattell, and dwelling in Tents, and when they had eaten the grasseof
oneplace,thenremoving to another,wereof their pastures
calledNomades,
and after changinga letter, becameto
bee named Numidae.
Tacapa
(wheretheVinesaresaidto yeeldGrapes
twise
"5
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Delta.
The Cities
thereof
no lesse famous in
OF THE
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OF
TURKEY
A.D.
1605-17.
Balsam
out of theboughes,
andbeingcut with a knife,
yeelding
the moreprecious
Opobalsamum,
andat this
daythesame
is foundevenat Caiero
in theGardens
of
therichersort. They sayalsothat Corrall is found in
the Red Sea. I had almost omitted the Citie Arsinoe,
also called the Citie of the Crocadiles, because the
About
the
A.D
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1605-17.
^Ethiopia. 7 Ethiopia is divided by Nilus into inward and outward. Inward .^Ethiopiais divided by old Writers into
Ethiopia properly so called, Trogloditica, and Barbaria,
and in the middesthereof is the Hand Meroe, madeby
Nilus, in which wasa City calledMeroe, the seateof the
old Kings, after calledSaba,whencewasthe queenewhich
came to Salomon, and the Eunuch of Queene Candaces,
Barbaria
extends
eightdegrees
beyond
theEquator,from
the promontorycalledCapodi Guardavi,to the Gulfe of
Barbary,andwasso calledof old. The outward^Ethiopia
is called^Egisimbaby Ptolomy, and containesthe Kingdome of Amatzen, and of Vangue, seatedunder the
/Equinoctiall line. All Ethiopia, and part of Libia, are
the.^Ethiopians
andLybians,thoughtheyhavea greater
OF THE
SITUATION
OF
TURKEY
A.D.
1605-17.
under him.
theairecannotbeeotherwisedescribed,then by particular
partsthereof. But out of the descriptionof this Empire
(in the journall of the first Part), and by comparingthe
particularProvinces,with others of the samelongitude
andlatitude,and by the fruits and exportedcommodities
hereto be mentioned, the temper of the ayre may bee
onely,
andnot oftenat that time, but soviolentlyfor the
time,asif it would beatedownethe very houses,
falling
danger
of sicknesse,
all menusingto keepein the house
till thedewbe dried,whilein the meanetime by day the
heate
is so excessive,
as a mancanhardlyindurehis
119
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be close about
him.
The
fertility. The fertilitie of the soyle generally through this
Empire, is exceedinggreat,andthe goodnesse
andvarietie
of the fruits, equallethand in someplacespassethItaly.
The wines of Greece,of Mount Libanus, and especially
of Palermoin Natolia, areexceedingrich and good. Yet
have the Turkes lesseplenty of all things then Europe,
for they very sparinglyandonely to servenecessity,
either
set plant or sow, great part of the peoplebeing wasted
with warres, and they that remaine, having not free
fruition of their owne goods,in the great tyrannyunder
which they live, aswell of the Emperour, as of underGovernourschangedat leastoncea yeere,and the generall
rapacityand licentiousnesse
of the souldiers. Henceit is
that there be vast solitudes
and unfilled
Desarts on all
to
be
accounted
rich.
The
Caloiri
or
Greeke
OF
THE
FERTILITY
OF
TURKEY
A.D.
1605-17.
pounds,
bearingwooll,andbeingwrethedto their heeles,
more then the homes of Rammes are.
And
let no man
horses
beingheavy,they easilyovertakethemflying, and
aseasilyflye whenthey arebeaten.
The Turkes have great plenty of seaand fresh water
fish,and of birds and all foule, and for Christian buyers
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exercise.
That of Asia
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THE
TRAFFIC
OF
TURKEY
A.D.
1605-17.
Persians,
but in our age subduedby the Turkes. The
Indiancommoditiesare brought thither by the red sea,
and the Gulfe of Arabia.
Apothecary
wares,and greatquantitieof the Dye called
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colours.
Traffic*.dyedof diverscolours
andkinds,but theybringlittle
Broad-cloth,wherewith they are aboundantliefurnished
from Venice. They alsobring to them Tinne, andblacke
Conni-skinnesin such quantitie, as the Turkes admiring
the same,a Frenchmanmerily taxing our womensaffabilitie, said, that in England there was such plenty of
Connyes,and they so tame, as they were taken in the
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THE
TRAFFIC
OF
TURKEY
A.D.
1605-17.
The
Reader
must
under-
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serves
themfor bedsteed,
tableandstooles.Theyhave
126
OF
THE
DIET
OF
TURKEY
A.D.
1605-17.
musice
Melones,
anddiverskindsof Pumpions,
whereof
onecalledAngouria,asbigge asour Pumpions,is exceeding full of a very cold juyce, being most pleasantfor the
coolenesse
in any great heat,whichcoolenesse
thoughI
taketo be unwholsomefor one sickeof an ague,yet my
A.D.
1605-17.
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therein.
OF
THE
WINES
IN
TURKEY
A.D.
1605-17.
and
Mahomets
law, which permitsAquavitevulgarly calledbidden
y
Mahomeft
Harech, which Aquavite they often drinke even to
drunckennes. And whether it be out of the common
greater
thenother,howsoever
in Idlenestheyobeytheire
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this hearbe,especially
takenlargely,to be dangerous
for
the health, yet there is not a Turke from the highestto
inTurkey.
Cities,and a man shallrarely find any bedsamong
Christians,and if he doe, yet the sheetesare madeof
cotten, intollerable for heate: For in Turkey generally
they lie upon Tapestry Carpets,and sometimesin Cities
upon a mattresse,with a quilt to cover them, and by the
high way they lye upon straw,hey, or grasse. And in all
placesneerePalestine,they either by night lie uponthe
house tops on a plasteredfloare, or in yards upon the
earthandin openAyre, having the spangledHeavensfor
their Canopy. And not onely passengers,
but all Turkes
daily wearelinnen breeches,so as in theseProvincesnot
subjectto cold, a man may better endurethis poorekind
of lodging : But the Turkish passengers,
in steadof Innes,
Hospitals,
have certaine Hospitals, built of stone with Cloysters
after the manner of Monasteries,where by charitable
legacy of Alrnes, all passengersmay have meatefor
certainemealesor dayes,especiallythe Pilgrims towards
Mecha, for whose sake they were especiallyfounded:
And thesehousesare vulgarly calledKawne(or asothers
pronounceCain) andthe coveredCloystersof them,(built
OF
TRAVEL
IN
TURKEY
A.D.
1605-17.
evening,
and to end them two or threehouresafter the
Sunne
rising,restingin their Tents all the heatof the day.
Christianpassengers
shall doe well to goe to the Italians
Friersat Jerusalem,and to Merchants their Countreymen,
or at least to Christians in Citties of traffick, and to the
Ambassadorsor Merchants of their owne Country at
Constantinople,
who being themselvesstrangers,and not
ignorantof the evils incident to strangers,will no doubt
in curtesiedirect them to get convenientlodgings and
other necessaries.
Chap. II.
[Ill.iii.iji.]
Of France,touching the particular subjectsof the
first Chapter.
He Longitude of Franceextendsthirteene
degreesfrom the Meridian of sixteene
degreesto that of twenty nine degrees,
and the Latitude extends eight degrees
In thedescription
of Italy I haveformerlyspokenof
Cisalpina,
whichwasalsocalledTogataof Gownes
the
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France
desmbed.
bonensis. Comataso called of their long haire,was
againesubdevided
into Belgica,(of whichI havespoken
pastures,
feedingmanyflockesof sheepe,
of whosewool!
this cloath is made, besides that it aboundeth also with
territories.
OF
FRANCE
IN
GENERAL
A.D.
1605-17.
theFranckes
a peopleof Germany,conqueringand giving
towards
Cham-
ingoutof Cloudes,
andholdinga nakedSword,to signifie
inhabited
by theLingones,andby the Mediomatrices,
and
thechiefeCity by the Lattines calledMediomatricumand
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OF
FRANCE
IN
GENERAL
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1605-17.
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with sweet Rivers, but the wine made of them is small
aboundeth
with all thingsnecessary
for food,aswellCorne
as Cattell, red Deare, Fowle, and also with all kinds of
OF
THE
FERTILITY
OF
FRANCE
A.D.
1605-17.
exportinto Spaine,linnen cloathesmadethinne with wearing,andsell them therefor a good price. The Spaniards
bringinto Francesomequantity of wooll, raysons,Olives,
Oyle,Cytrons, and other fruites, whereof France needes
nogreatquantity, andCochenillofor dying. The Portingalsbring into Franceholy Thistle, (an hearbelike a white [111.111.134
thorne,having leaveslike cotten on them) and sugar,and
divers kinds of Indian wood, as Fernandbuckewood,
Schomache,
Fustocke,and Logwood, and a smal quantity
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The Hollanders
Old
Writers
relate that
OF
THE
DIET
IN
FRANCE
A.D.
1605-17.
of Cheeses
calledAngelots,pleasingmorefor a kind of
sharpenesse
in taste, then for the goodnesse. As well
the Gentlemenas Citizens live more sparingly then the
Englishin their ordinaryprivate diet, and have not their
Tablesso furnished with variety and number of dishes.
A.D.
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1605-17.
OF
THE
INNS
OF
FRANCE
A.D.
1605-17.
throughtheseparts,andcommonlyeachmealepaidtwelve
or fifteenesoulz, with worse intertainment, and for breake-
glasse,
for the Frencharecuriousnot to drinkein another
manscup, and the Hoasts are onely to bee paid for this
service. Otherwise at times of eating, they call the
Cookesdwelling neere the Innes, who bring the best
meatesthey have,and when the guestshavechosentheir
meate,and agreedfor the price, they carry it backe to
dresse
it, and so sendit warmewith sawces. In generall,
throughthe Cities of France,passengers
seldomedine at
their Innes, but with some companionsgoe to the
Tavernesor Cookesshops: but at night they must eate Passengers
with the Hoast that gives them beds, where they shall must
eate
with
havecleanesheetes,and seethem dried beforetheir faces,
Hoast.
but they are of coursecloth, and very few chambersare
private,but most have three or foure beds,wherein they
lye not single, but for the most part with bedfellowes.
Alsothe guestsaswellMerchantsandGentlemen,asthose
of commonsort, eateat an ordinary table,and for supper
commonlylarge with divers roasted meates,each man
payessomefifteene soulz. He that hiers a chamberin
Cities,which he may havewell furnishedat Parisfor some
two Crownesa moneth, he must buy his meate at Cookes
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extendssixedegrees,
from the paralellof
fifty degreesand a halfe to that of fifty
sixe degreesand a halfe. LearnedCamden(whom I gladly follow in this descriptionof England)
makesthe circuite of all Britany to be onethousandeight
hundredthirty six miles. This is the most famousHand
142
OF
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SHIRES
OF
ENGLAND
A.D.
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OF
THE
SHIRES
OF
ENGLAND
A.D.
1605-17.
preferred
to all otherCitiesof England.
5 Wilshire was alsoinhabitedby the Belgaeor Nether- Wihhire.
landers,and lies all within land, rich in all parts with
pasturesand corne. Malmesbury is a faire Towne
famousfor the woollen clothes. The Towne Wilton, of
IV
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Barkshire.
Surry.
andpleasant
house,asRichmondis with theKingsstately
Pallace.
Sussex.
OF
THE
SHIRES
OF
ENGLAND
A.D.
1605-17.
pleasant
Groves,
andwonderfully
aboundeth
with Apples
andCherries. It hath most frequentTownes,and safe
Harboursfor ships, and somevaines of Iron. William
theNormanConquerour,after the mannerof the Romans,
instituteda Warden of the five Ports, Hastings, Dover,
Hith, Rumney,and Sandwiche,to which Winchelseyand
Rie, the chiefeHavens,and other Townes are joyned as
members,
which have great priviledges,becausethey are
tied to serve in the warres, and the Warden of them is
alwaiesone of the great Lords, who within his jurisdiction, hath in most things the authority of Admirall, and
otherrights. Detford Towne is well knowne,where the
Kingsshipsare built and repaired,and there is a notable
Armory or storehousefor the Kings Navy. Not farre
fromthenceupon the shore,lie the brokenribs of the ship,
in which Sir Francis Drake sailed round about the World,
reserved
for a monumentof that greataction. Greenewich
is beautifiedwith the Kings Pallace. Eltham another
houseof the Kings is not farre distant. The Towne
Gravesendis a knowne Roade. The City Rochester is
the same.
11 Glocestershire
wasof old inhabitedby the Dobuni. Ghcestenhire.
A.D.
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1605-17.
largenesse
whereofin old time appeares
by the ruinesof
the wals. The River Onse springeth in this County,
which after yeeldesthe nameto the famousRiver Thames,
falling into it.
Oxfordshire. 12 Oxfordshirealso was inhabited by the Dobuni, a
fertile County, the plaines whereof are bewtified with
meadowes
andgroves,the hils with woods,andnot onely
it abounds with corne, but with all manner of cattle, and
OF
THE
SHIRES
OF
ENGLAND
A.D.
1605-17.
Onse.
The little
citie West-
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1605-17.
Harewich
is a safe
Norfolke.
Haven.
OF
THE
SHIRES
OF
ENGLAND
A.D.
1605-17.
22 Northamptonshire
was of old inhabitedby the Northampton-
A.D.
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1605-17.
Church.
shire.
In the Westernepart is the Wood calledShirewood,feeding infinit numbersof Fallow andRed Deare,whetherthe
Kings of old werewont to retire for hunting.
27 Darbyshirehad of old the sameinhabitants,the
[III.iii.Hi.] chiefetowne whereof is Darby, faire and well inhabited,
Darbyshire.the Ayle whereof is for goodnesseproverbially preferred
before that kind of drinke in any other Towne. The
Westernepart hath high Mountaines,calledPeake,yeelding Leade,which they make into Sowes,and stibiumin
his proper vaines is there found. Likewise there Milstones are cut out, and there is the old Castle, called the
shire.
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THE
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OF
ENGLAND
A.D.
1605-17.
29 Worcestershirehad of old the sameinhabitants, Worcesterwhichafter in the time of Beda were called Wiccii, either th'ire-
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not whose.
nature,rich by makingwollencloth,andtradingwiththe
neighbouringWelchmen,whereHenry Percy the younger
with his forces,wasoverthrowneby Henrie the fourth.
32 Cheshire
is a greatCountyof Gentlemen,
no other
CountyhavingsomanyKnightshouses.Westchester
is
a faire Citie, where the twentieth Legion called victrix
lay in Garison, in the time of Vespasianthe Roman
made at Middlewich
and Norwich.
It is rich
OF
THE
SHIRES
OF
ENGLAND
A.D.
1605-17.
London.
know
that
Worcester
cheeses are
most
esteemed,
but there is not such quantitie to transport
them.
yeeldhugecheeses
in greatnumberto beeexported,but
they are not so pleasing to the taste as these. I know
that in all the Counties, some quantity of very good
cheeses
is made for private mens uses, but not in pro-
be Earle
of
Cheshire.
And
Richard
the
second,
of a County madeit a Principality, and himselfe
wascalled Prince of Cheshire: but Henry the fourth
reduced
it againeto a Countie Palatine,and at this day it
hathPalatinejurisdiction, administredby a Chamberlaine,
a speciallJudge,two ExchequerBarons,threeSerjeantsat
Law,a Sheriffe,an Atturney, an Escheator,&c.
33 Herefordshirewas of old inhabitedby the Silures, Hereford-
35 Brechnocshire
the secondCounty of Wales, had of
old the sameinhabitants,and hath the nameof the chiefe
AD.
1605-17.
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37 Glamorganshire
the fourthCountyof Wales,hadof
old the same inhabitants, and the chiefe Citie Caerdiffe
hath
a commodious
Haven.
38 Caermardenshire
the fifth County of Wales,wasof
old inhabited by the Dimetae,and is fruitefull in Corne,
aboundsin Sheepe,and in someplacesyeeldsPit-coale.
It hath the name of the chiefe Citie, where Merlin was
chiefeCity.
42 Merionethshire
the ninth Countyof Wales,hadof
OF
THE
SHIRES
OF
WALES
A.D.
1605-17.
43 Caernarvonshire
the tenth County of Wales,had of
old the same Inhabitants, and was called Snodenforest,
beforeWales was reduced into Counties, so called of the
A.D.
1605-17.
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famous,for thePriviledgesandtherareLaw,bywhichany
one found in open theft, is without delay beheaded,
and
OF
THE
SHIRES
OF
ENGLAND
A.D.
1605-17.
aplacefamousby the landingof Henry the fourth. Scarborroughis a famousCastle, where in the seais great
fishingof Herrings.
48 Richmondshire had of old the sameinhabitants, and Richmcnd-
the Mountainesplentifully yeeld leade,pit-coales,and shiresomebrasse,upon the tops whereof stonesare found,
whichhavethe figuresof shelfishes
andother fishesof the
neighboringsea. Neare the Brookes Helbechs (as
infernal),are great heardsof Goates,Fallow and RedDeare,and Harts (notablefor their greatnesse,and the
spreading
of their homes.) Richmondis the chiefeCitie
of the County.
49 The Bishoprick of Durham had of old the sameTheEhhopinhabitants,and the land is very gratefull to the plower, "* cf
i-ii
"
" r i
T "
Durham.
buttheBishopin QueeneElizabethstime,challenging
the
goodsof the Earle of Westmerlandrebelling, the Parliamentinterposedthe authority therof, and for the time
'59
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judgedthosegoodsto be confiscated
towardsthe Queene
Receiver, a Clarke of the Court, sixe Assistants, a Pursuivant, two Auditors, twenty three Receivers,and three
overseers.
makingof woollencloth.
Cumberland.52 Cumberlandhad of old the sameinhabitants,and
hath mines of Brasseand vaines of silver, in all parts
yeelding blackeleadeused to draw black lines. Carleile
a very ancient City is the seateof a Bishop. In this
County still appearethe ruines of a wall, which the
Romans built to keepe out the Pictes from making
incursions,being so poore as they cared not to subdue
them. And the Emperike Surgeons(that is, of experiencewithout learning),of Scotlandcomeyeerelyto those
fields of the borders, to gather hearbs,good to heale
land.
extoll.
OF
THE
ISLANDS
OF
ENGLAND
A.D.
1605-17.
In the TheHands
narrow Sea into which the Severne fals, are two little ofEngland.
Handsi Fatholme, and 2 Stepholme, and the 3 Hand
Gresholme
; 7 Stockholme, and 8 Scalmcy,yeelding
grasseand wild thime. Then Northward followes 9
Lymen,calledRamseyby the English, and Saint Davids
Hands,
right over againstthe seateof the Bishopof Saint
Davy. Next is the 10 Hand calledEnhly by the Welsh
Britans,and Berdsey(as the lie of Birds) by the English,
wherein
they report that twenty thousandSaintslie buried.
Next lies 11 Mona, (that is the shadowedor dusky
Hand)which after many yeeresbeing conqueredby the
English,wasby themcalledAnglesey,(asthe Handof the Anglesey.
English). It is a most noble Hand,the old seateof the
Druides(Priestsso calledof old), and so fruitfull, asit is
vulgarlycalled the Mother of Wales, the cheefeTowne
whereofis Beaumarish. Neere that lies 12 Prestholme,
SeaFowletherebreeding.
Next followes 13 Mona or Monoeda, (as the farther
M. iv
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OF
THE
ISLANDS
OF
ENGLAND
A.D.
1605-17.
at
their
Coronation
in
like
sort
with
two
A.D.
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1605-17.
Sheppey,
socalledof the sheepe,
whereinis Quinborrough
TheIk of
also two
Parkes
of
Fallow
Deare.
Also the
OF
THE
FERTILITY
OF
ENGLAND
A.D.
1605-17.
piercing
in Englandasin France. For theSunnedraweth
up the vapoursof the Seawhichcompasseth
the Hand,
anddistills them upon the earth in frequent showersof
raine, so that frosts are somewhat rare; and howsoever
because
they are servedplentifully, and at a good rate
with French wines, as for that the hilles most fit to beare
Grapes,
yeeldmorecommoditieby feedingof Sheepeand
Cattell. Caesarwrites in his Commentaries,that Britany
165
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yeeldswhite Leadewithin land, and Iron upon the Seacoasts. No doubt England hath unexhaustiblevainesof
both, and also of Tinne, and yeeldsgreat quantitieof
Brasse,and of Allom and Iron, and aboundswith quarries
of Free-stone,and Fountainesof most pure Salt; andI
formerly said that it yeeldssomequantity of Silver,and
that the Tinne and Leadeis mingled with Silver, but so,
asit doth not largely quit the costof the labourin seperat
ing or trying it. Two Cities yeeld medicinall Baths,
namely, Buxstone and Bathe, and the waters of Bathe
especially,have great vertue in many diseases.England
aboundswith Sea-coales
upon the Sea-coast,
andwith Pitcoaleswithin land. But the Woods at this day arerather
frequentand pleasantthen vast, being exhaustedfor fier,
and with Iron-milles, so as the quantity of wood and
charcoalefor fier, is much deminished,in respectof the
old abundance,and in someplaces,asin the Fennesthey
burne Turffe, and the very dung of Cowes. Yet in the
meanetime England exportsgreat quantity of Seacoal
to forraine parts. In like sort England hath infinite
quantity, as of Mettalls, so of Wooll, and of Woollen
TheEnglish
cloathesto be exported. The English Beereis famousin
Beere. Netherlandand lower Germany,which is madeof Barley
and Hops; for England yeeldsplenty of Hops, howsoever they also use Flemish Hops. The Cities of lower
Germany upon the sea, forbid the publike sellingof
English Beere,to satisfietheir ownebrewers,yet privately
swallow it like Nectar. But in Netherland, great and
exportedgreatquantitythereofinto forraigneparts,and
OF
THE
FISHING
OF
ENGLAND
A.D.
1605-17.
greatercommoditie
in feedingof Sheepe
andCattell,then
in the Plough, requiring the handsof manyservants,can
by no Law be restrainedfrom turning corne fields into
inclosedPastures,especiallysincegreat men are the first
to breaketheseLawes. England aboundswith all kinds
of foule, aswell of the Sea,as of the land, and hath more Faults.
A.D.
1605-17.
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Cattell.
Englandabounds
in Cattellof all kinds,andparticularly
OF
THE
BEASTS
OF
ENGLAND
A.D.
1605-17.
perhaps
oneCountythereof)hathmorefallowDeare,then
all Europe that I have seene. No Kingdome in the
World hath so many Dove-houses.
Womenobsequiously.
The Gentlemendisdainetrafficke, thinking it to abase
Gentry: but in Italy with graver counsell, the very
Princesdisdainenot to be Merchantsby the great, and
hardlyleavethe retailing commodityto men of inferiour
sort. And by this coursethey preservethe dignity and
patrimonyof their progenitors,suffering not the sinew
169
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sort no meanes
to be inrichedby theirindustry,andjudgOfthe ing it equall, that Gentlemen should live of their
trafficke.
revenews,
Citizensby trafficke,andthecommon
sortby
the Plough and manuallArtes, asdivers membersof one
body, doe in this coursedaily sell their patrimonies,and
Shipping.
m numberanc[strength.But of Englands
Navallglory,
I must speakeat large in the discourseof that Commonwealth. In the meanetime I freely professe,that in my
opinion the English Marriners are more daring then any
170
OF
THE
DIET
OF
ENGLAND
A.D.
1605-17.
Candishes
dangerousNavigationsround about the world;
andif thesethings shal not move him, the worst I wish
himis, that in personhe may experiencetheir courageand
art in a fight upon equalltermes.
Caesarin the fourth Chapter and fifth booke of his Theirdyct.
Commentaries,
writes thus of the Britans dyet. It is
unlawfullfor them to taste Hares, Geese,or Hennes,yet
they keepethem all for their pleasure,and the inward
partssow no Corne,but live upon milke and flesh. At
thisday the English inhabitantseatealmostno flesh more
commonlythen Hennes, and for Geesethey eatethem in
two seasons,
when they are fatted upon the stubble,after
Harvest,and when they are greeneabout Whitsontide,
at which time they are held for dainties; and howsoever
Haresare thought to nourish melancoly,yet they are
eatenas Venison, both rosted and boyled.
They have
A.D.
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uponotherNationsesteeme
us gluttonsanddevourers
of
flesh,yet the English tablesare not furnishedwith many
OF
THE
DIET
OF
ENGLAND
A.D.
1605-17.
apetite,
andnot onelyprepared
for the family,but for
strangers
and reliefeof the poore. I confesse,
that in
spares
notto feede,andthento servedainties,whichinvite
see him
that
useth
to eate foure
times
in the
day. And I will professefor my selfeand other Englishmen,passingthrough Italy sofamousfor temperance,that
weeoften observed,that howsoeverwee might have a
Pullet and someflesh preparedfor us, eating it with a
moderateproportion of bread, the Italians at the same
time,with a Chargerfull of hearbsfor a sallet,and with
rootes,andlike meatesof smallprice,would eachof them
eatetwo or three penny-worthof bread. And since all
fulnesseis ill, and that of bread worst, I thinke wee were
forthemselves
andtheir friendescommingby chance,
and
at feastes for
invited
friendes
are so excessive
in
the
furnished,
exceptthey standoneuponanother. Neither
usethey to set drinke on the Table, for which no roome
A.D.
FYNES
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ITINERARY
1605-17.
If any strangerdesire to abide long in a City or University, he may have his Table with someCitizen of the
better sort, at a convenientrate, accordingto his quality,
from ten pound to twenty pound yeerely.
TheGerman I haveheardsomeGermans
complaineof the English
OF
THE
INNS
OF
ENGLAND
A.D.
1605-17.
theChamberlin
& Ostler,theywishhim a happyjourney.
Englandhath threepublike Feastsof greatexpenceand
pompous
solemnity,namelythe coronationof the Kings,
theFeastof S. George,as well upon his day yeerely,as
A.D.
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1605-17.
us.
and Commanders
from
the warres of
the vulgar sort of Citizens and Artisans, large andintemperatedrinking is used; but in generall the greater
and better part of the English, hold all excesse
blameworthy, and drunkennessea reprochfull vice. Clownes
and vulgar men onely uselargedrinking of Beereor Ale,
how
much
soever it is esteemed
excellent
drinke
even
OF
THE
PEOPLES
OF
SCOTLAND
A.D.
1605-17.
Chap IIII.
Of Scotland touching the Subjects contained in
the first Chapter.
He Longitude of Scotland extends five Scotland.
degreesfrom the Meridian of sixeteene
degreesto that of oneandtwenty degrees,
and the Latitude extends foure degrees
from the Paralel of fifty sixe degreesand
a halfe, to that of sixty degreesand a
halfe. In the Geographicaldescription
wherof,I wil briefly follow the very words of Camden
(asneereas I can),being an Authour without exception.
i The Gadeni of Scotlandwere of old next neighbours
177
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modiousHaven,uponthe narrowScottishGulfe,vulgarl
[III.iii.i53.]
calledEdenboroughFrith.
4 Towards the West lay the Selgovaeupon anothe
Gulfe, running betweeneEngland and Scotland,vulgarly
called SolwayFrith, of the said Selgovas,inhabitingthe
Countriescalled Eskedale,Annandale,and Nidisdale(in
which is the little Towne Dunfrise.)
5 Next lay the Novantesin the Valleys,whereGallwa
and Whitterne (which Citie Ptolomy callsLeucopibia)are
seated.
and
Claidsdale
are seated.
Here
the River
their ancientcoateof Armes, with this inscriptionDistantia Jungo (that is, Distant things I joyne.) Sterling
or Strivelm lyes not farre ofF, a little Citie of the Kings
having a most strong Castleupon the brow of a steep
rocke.
OF
THE
PEOPLES
OF
SCOTLAND
generall
Justicesof Scotlandby right of inheritance,
and
GreatMastersof the Kings Houshold.
9 Towardsthe West lay the Epidii, inhabiting a wast
andFennyCountry, now calledCantire (that is, a corner
of land),and next lies Assinshire.
10 Next lay the Creones,which Region is now called
Strathnaern.
cones,
in the fruitfull little Region called Fife, where is
theTowneof SaintAndrew, Metropolitan of all Scotland.
Stuards
of the Family of Lome have the title of Earles.
Hereis Strathbolgythe seateof the Earlesof Huntly, of
theFamilyof the Seatons,who tooke the nameof Gordan
by the authority of a Parliament.
14 Next lies Goury, having fruitfull fields of Wheate,
whereofJohn Lord Rethven was of late made Earle : but
A.D.
1605-17.
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inhabitedRossemurrayandNesseland.20 Moreinnerly
21 The Cantae
possessed
the cornerof land shootin
reached into these remote parts. 24 Further neareCatnesse the Catni of old inhabited, the Earles of which
TheHands.
In the Gulfe
OF
THE
ISLANDS
OF
SCOTLAND
A.D.
1605-17.
Scotland,
andfor the habitationof manyholy men,among
whichwasColumbus,the Apostle of the Picts, of whose
Cell the Hand was also named Columbkill.
The Scots
that
Schotland
is
Thule,
which
the
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Mountaines
and Lakes.
without inclosures,
fruitfull in Corne(asbeeall theparte
neare Barwick, save that they yeeld little wheate,and
much Barley and Gates),and all a plaine Country,but it
bouringplaces,
red andpickeledHerrings,Seacoales,
and
Aquavitae,
with like commodities,
andbringout of Ireland
Yarne and Cowes hides or Silver.
OF
THE
TRAFFIC
OF
SCOTLAND
A.D.
1605-17.
thence Salt and Wines:
Scots
is in foureplaces,namelyat Camphirein Zeland,
A.D.
1605-17.
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OF
THE
DIET
OF
SCOTLAND
A.D.
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garaussing,
and so for that time avoided any great
intemperance. Remembring this, and having since
observedin my conversationat the English Court with
the Scotsof the better sort, that they spendgreat part of
the night in drinking, not onely wine, but even beere,as
my selfewill not accusethem of great intemperance,so I
cannot altogether free them from the imputation of
excesse,
wherewiththe popular voice chargeththem.
Chap. V.
Of Ireland, touching the particular subjects of
the first Chapter.
He Longitude of Ireland extends foure Ireland.
degrees from the Meridian of eleven
degreesanda halfe,to that of fifteeneand
a halfe, and the Latitude
extends also
This
Ireland
A.D.
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Mounter.
OF
THE
PROVINCES
OF
IRELAND
A.D.
1605-17.
A.D.
FYNES
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1605-17.
Seacoale
brought out of England. The City Dublyn
called Divelin by the English, and Balacleigh(as seated
upon hurdles)by the Irish, is the cheefeCity of the Kingdome and seateof Justice, fairely built, frequently inhabited, and adorned with a strong Castle, fifteene
Churches,an Episcopallseate,and a faire Colledge,(an
happy foundationof an University laid in our Age), and
indowedwith many priviledges,but the Haven is barred
and madelessecommodiousby thosehils of sands. The
OF
THE
PROVINCES
OF
IRELAND
A.D.
1605-17.
of Rebels in former
civill
warres.
A.D.
FYNES
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1605-17.
Ulster.
Monaghan, Tyrone, Armach, Colrane, Donergall, Fermanagh,and Cavon. Lowth is inhabited by EnglishIrish, (Down and Antrimme being containedunder the
samename),and the Barons thereof be of the Berminghamsfamily, and remaineloving to the English. Monaghan was inhabited by the English family Fitzursi, and
theseare becomedegenerateand barbarous,and in the
senseof that name are in the Irish tongue calledMac
Mahon, that is, the sonnesof the Beares. I forbeareto
OF
THE
PROVINCES
OF
IRELAND
A.D.
1605-17.
Towards
the North
fenny,as it hath Boggesupon the very tops of Mountaines,not bearingman or beast,but dangerousto passe,
and such Bogs are frequent over all Ireland. Our
Marrinersobservethe sayling into Ireland to be more
dangerous,
not onely becausemany tides meeting,makes
theseaapt to swelluponany storme,but especiallybecause
they ever find the coastof Ireland coveredwith mists,
whereasthe coastof England is commonlycleare,and to
be scenefarre off. The ayre of Ireland is unapt to ripen
seedes,
yet (as Mela witnesseth)the earth is luxurious in
yeeldingfaire and sweetehearbs. Irelandis little troubled
with thunders,lightnings, or earthquakes,
yet (I know not
uponwhat presage)in the yeere 1601, and in the moneth
of Novemberalmost ended,at the siegeof Kinsale,and
few daies before the famous Battell, in which the Rebels
A.D.
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1605-17.
For
For
these
reasons
the
inhabitants
take
lesse
Thefertility
hand.
andtrafficke.
becamelessepopulous,andaswellgreatLords of countries
as otherinferiour Gentlemen,
labouredmoreto get new
possessions
for inheritance,
thenby husbandry
andpeopl192
OF THE
FERTILITY
OF
IRELAND
A.D.
1605-17.
vagabond
Rebels,had greatmultitudesof Cowes,which
they stil (like the Nomades)drove with them, whether
soeverthemselves
weredriven, andfought for them asfor
their altersand families. By this abundanceof cattle, the
with greatermischiefes,
they are so much grownein
number,as sometimesin Winter nights they will come
to prey in Villages, and the subburbesof Cities. The
Earleof Ormond in Mounster, and the Earle of Kildare in
Lemster,had each of them a small Parke inclosed for
FallowDeare, and I have not sceneany other Parke in
Ireland,nor have heard that they had any other at that
killed
with thepiece. They havealsoabout Ophaliaand Wexford,andin someparts of Mounster, someFallow Deare
scattered in the Woods.
193
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the housesof the said Earles, and of the English Commanders. Ireland hath great plenty of Birds andFowles,
would yeeldabundance
of Mettals,if this publikegood
194
OF
THE
FERTILITY
OF
IRELAND
A.D.
1605-17.
singular,
astheyhold it basenesse
to labour,andby their
poverty,not able to bearethe chargeof suchworkes,
besides,that the wiser sort think their poverty best for
publikegood, making them peaceable,
as nothing makes
themsoonerkick againstauthoritie then riches. Ireland
hathin all parts pleasantRivers, safe and long Havens,
not so possessed
with the naturall fault of slothfulnesse,
asno hopeof gaine,scarselythe feareof authoritie canin
manyplacesmakethemcomeout of their houses,and put
to sea. Henceit is, that in manyplacesthey useScotsfor
Fisher-men,and they together with the English, make
profitof the inhabitantssluggishnesse.And no doubt if
the Irish were industrious in fishing, they might export
saltedand dried fish with great gaine. In time of peace
theIrish transportgood quantity of Corne; yet they may
not transport it without license, lest upon any sudden
A.D.
FYNES
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1605-17.
received, that the earth of Ireland will not suffer a Snake
or venimous beast to live, and that the Irish wood trans-
abiding,havingcompetent
meanes,
usethe Englishdyet,
foode,nor sodiligentlysearch
it astheEnglishdo. Many
196
OF
THE
DIET
OF
THE
IRISH
A.D.
1605-17.
fromothersexperience,
that someGentlewomen
wereso
197
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OF
THE
DIET
OF
THE
IRISH
A.D.
1605-17.
Horsesdyingof themselves,
not only uponsmallwantof
mento beesearched
out, amongwhoma commonsouldier,
and that of the English-Irish, not of the meereIrish,
beingbrought to the Lord Deputy, and askedwhy hee
hadeatenthe flesh of deadHorses,thus freely answered,
Your Lordshipmay pleaseto eatePheasantand Patridge,
and much good doe it you that best likes your taste; and
The foresaidwilde Irish doe not thresh their Gates, but [111.111.163.]
burne them from the straw, and so make cakes thereof,
yet they seldome eate this bread, much lesse any better
A.D.
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1605-17.
OF
THE
DIET
OF
THE
IRISH
A.D.
1605-17.
or much weaken
it.
A man would
handsinto the cowes taile, and with their mouthes blow [111.111.164.]
A.D.
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1605-17.
And
smoake
of themkeepes
their bodiesin temperate
heate
all
the night following. And this manner of lodging, not
onely the meereIrish Lords, and their followersuse,but
evensomeof the English Irish Lords and their followers,
when after the old but tyranicall and prohibited manner
202
OF
THE
DIET
OF
THE
IRISH
A.D.
1605-17.
[III.iv.i65-]
THE
FOURTH
BOOKE.
Chap. I.
Of the Germans, Bohemians,
Sweitzers, Nether-
OF
THE
APPAREL
OF
THE
GERMANS
A.D.
1605-17.
to
their
enemies.
have
often
heard
their
NodoubttheGermans
areof allotherfamous
andgreat[m.iv.i66.]
A.D.
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ITINERARY
1605-17.
in Englishblackecloth,whootherwiseusedto wearefor
the most part the samecloth of a watchetor somelight
colour, seldomewearing any richer Apparrell, and the
scabbardof his sword was of leather, not of velvet, aswe
OF
THE
APPAREL
OF
THE
GERMANS
A.D.
1605-17.
A.D.
1605-17.
FYNES
MORYSON'S
ITINERARY
friend
scabbards
(not exceptingthe Emperour)are alwaies
of
leather. Many of the Germansin steedeof hats,weare
of themwearegreatlargebreeches,
exceptingthe Suevi
(vulgarly Schawben)who wearesuch straight breeches
as
OF THE
APPAREL
OF
THE
GERMANS
A.D.
1605-17.
precious
stones,
yetof smallor no value,andI havescene
someGentlemen
wearethesefalsestones,andbrasse
rings
guildedover,the wearingwhereofis held disgracefullwith
us. At MagdeburgI did seea young Gentlemanhaving
all his fingersloadedwith rings, which I thought to be of
common
sort mingleguildednutmegswith theseRoses,
and make garlandsthereof: Only women weare these
M. iv
209
A.D.
1605-17.
FYNES
MORYSON'S
ITINERARY
with
us weare.
The
married
women
OF THE
APPAREL
OF
THE
GERMANS
A.D.
1605-17.
guarded
withsometenor morefringesor lacesof silkeor
And they
women
of the inferiour
sort weare
noshooes
exceptthey goeout of the house,and greatpart
goealsoabroade
barefooted. The marriedwomenhide
theirnakedfeetewith long gownes,but the maideservants
wearing short gownes, and girding them up into a
roulesomehandfull under the wast about their hippes,
(especially
in the lower parts of Germany), many times
offendchasteyeswith shewingtheir nakednesse,
especially
whenthey stoopefor any thing to the ground. And in
thosepartsof Germanythe Citizens wives, like our little
children,wearered and yellow shooes,and guilded at the
toes. In generall,it is disgraceful!to marriedwomenor
Virgins (excepting at Augsburg, and some few other
Cities),to goe out of doores without a cloake, which
commonlyis of somelight stuffe, asGrogram,or the like,
faced
with somefurres,and at Hidelbergthey nevergoe
abroade
without a little basket in their hands,as if they
wentto buy something,exceptthey will be reputed dishonest.
The
married
Women
heads
likefashion,according
to the useof the Countrey. And
very manywearesuch crosse-clothes
or foreheadclothes
asour Womenuse whenthey are sicke. In manyplaces
theordinaryCitizensWiveshavetheir gownesmadewith
longtraines,whicharepinnedup in the house,andborne
211
A.D.
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1605-17.
cloakes
(whereas
with ustheyareonelyusedwithgownes
OF
THE
SWITZERS
APPAREL
A.D.
1605-17.
aswell
men
as women
for
their
bodies
and
for
put fier under them for heate (as the commonuse is)
because
it causethwrincklesandspotson their bodies,doe
use to weare breeches of linnen or silke.
All Women
in
A.D.
FYNES
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ITINERARY
1605-17.
Womenof FlandersandBrabantweareVailesaltogethe
of theirdoublets,but thelinkesweregreat,andtheyhada
Tablet of gold annexedto them. They carriedtheir
swordsasthe King did, with the hilts hangingoverthe
shoulder,and they wore daggerswith heavysheaths
of
silver, like thoseusedin Saxony. The Kings Guardwore
214
OF
THE
APPAREL
OF
THE
DANES
A.D.
1605-17.
hugebreeches
puffed, and of divers colours,like the
Sweitzershose. In generall,the Danes are apparrelled
like theGermans,andespeciallylike the Saxons,constantly
andmodestly,and they so abhorrefrom strangefashions,
asthe Kings Father lately deceased,
wasreported to have
calledthemBonegraces,
now altogetherout of usewith
A.D.
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1605-17.
upon the left shoulder,as they had their right armesaltogether free; and this upper coatewas of English cloth,
raced before with silke.
OF
THE
APPAREL
OF
THE
POLES
A.D.
1605-17.
The unmarried
women
A.D.
FYNES
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1605-17.
Italia.
the ornaments
of their
bodies.
And
howsoever
their
OF
THE
APPAREL
OF
THE
ITALIANS
theybequeath
their gownesby their lasttestaments.All
gownes,
buttonedcloseat the necke,with the sleeves
put
on over their doublets,aswellyoung asold men,but some
underthis civill gowne wearerich furres, and imbrodred
And
their
ruffes are not so great as ours, and they have little skill
in washing,starching,or smoothinglinnen. They weare
very short haire, as all Nations doe that live in hot climes,
A.D.
1605-17.
A.D.
FYNES
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1605-17.
breeches,
but their breechesareopenbehind,with theshirt
Venice. shoos
threeor fourehand-bredths
high,soasthelowest
of
other parts of Italy, they wearelower shooes,yet somewhat raised, and are attended by old women, but goe
without any helpe of leading. The women of Venice
wearegownes,leaving all the neckeand brest bare,and
they are closedbeforewith a lace,so open,as a manmay
seethe linnen which they lap about their bodies,to make
themseemefat, the Italiansmostloving fat women. They
shew their naked necks and breasts, and likewise their
OF
THE
APPAREL
OF
THE
ITALIANS
A.D.
1605-17.
A.D.
FYNES
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1605-17.
223
OF
THE
APPAREL
OF
THE
TURKS
A.D.
1605-17.
Chap. II.
Of the Turkes, French, English, Scottish, and
Irish Apparrell.
He Turks shave their heads, but only in [III.iv. 174.]
theverycrowne,
wheretheyleavea tufft Tur*eyof haire; andthey doenot now asof old,
onely nourish the haire of the upper lip,
but al the beard growing round. They
cover their head thus shaved with
a close
A.D.
FYNES
MORYSON'S
ITINERARY
1605-17.
Shasses,
thatis, stripedlinnen(commonly
whiteandblew),
woundaboutthe skirtsof a little cap. Sucha Shasse
my
selfedid weare,costingfifteeneMeidines.
The Persianswearesuch Tulbents for the forme, but the
OF
THE
APPAREL
OF
THE
TURKS
A.D.
1605-17.
religious
men,whereofthe chiefe,and(asit were)MetropolitanBishopis called Mophty, whom the Emperour
highlyrespects,
and takescounsellof him whenhe goes
to warre. Also the Cady is a chiefeJudge of Ecclesiasticall causes: And all theseweare silke gownesof skie
colouredblew, which colour is esteemednext greene,and
properto somesuch orders. And thesereligious men
wearetheir gowneslong to the ground, with closesleeves,
andtheir tulbentsarelarger,but flatter, then otherTurkes
weare.
Fegge,
and buttoned at the brest, and a third longer
gowne hanging behind to the ground, with sleeves
closeto the arme. They weare a girdle of silke or
linnen twice or thrice about the waste, or of fine
225
A.D.
FYNES
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ITINERARY
1605-17.
andcommonly
linedwith blackeConieskinnes,
brough
The Turkes
armes,asno mandaresresistthem,soascarryingonelya
yet theJanizaries
in Syriaweare
at theirgirdlesshortand
TheTurkish
heavyKnives,like daggers.
Women.
OF
THE
APPAREL
OF
THE
TURKS
A.D.
1605-17.
necks
naked.The womens
gownes
aremuchlike those[IH.iv.176.]
of the men, for cloth and fashion, and in like sort without
A.D.
FYNES
MORYSON'S
ITINERARY
1605-17.
other at any time, they shew their face open, and their
handsunpainted,exceptthey will by immodestyprocure
their ownedanger. Under the neckeof this gownecovering all their apparrell,they thrust the end of their white
vaile hanging downe from the hinder part of the head;
yet the Greekish women weare this vaile loose over that
garments,
laid with silkelace,andsattens,
commonly
raced,
and stockingsof silke, or of somelight stuffe, but never
woollen or worsted (which only Merchantsweare,)and
OF
THE
APPAREL
OF
THE
FRENCH
A.D.
1605-17.
wrappedin linnen.
In generall the women, married, cover their headswith TheFrench
A.D.
FYNES
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1605-17.
OF
THE
APPAREL
OF
THE
FRENCH
A.D.
1605-17.
who can containe the mutable
never
knew
before.
For
A.D.
FYNES
MORYSON'S
ITINERARY
1605-17.
scabbards
and sheathsof velvet upon their rapiersand
OF
THE
APPAREL
OF
THE
ENGLISH
AD.
And
use
Laweshavebeenmadeagainstthis Babylonian
confusion,
233
A.D.
FYNES
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1605-17.
Husbandmen.
Husbandmen
wearegarmentsof coursecloth,made
at
The
Engliih Gentlewomen
virgins wearegownescloseto thebody,
Women. andapronsof fine linnen,andgoebareheaded,
with their
haire curiouslyknotted,and raisedat the forehead,
but
manyagainstthe cold (as they say)wearecapsof haire
that is not their owne, decking their headswith buttons
OF
THE
APrAREL
OF
THE
ENGLISH
A.D.
1605-17.
a French-
apparrelled
with no lessepride and inconstancieof fashion
thenotherdegrees.
A.D.
FYNES
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1605-17.
foule sheetes,
and all linnen, asin manyotherparticulars;
but as well in diet as apparrell,the Citizens of Dublyn
most of all other, and the Citizens of Waterford and
of Countries,weareclosebreeches
and stockingsof the
samepeeceof cloth, of red or such light colour, anda
loose coate, and a cloake or three cornered mantle, com-
OF
THE
APPAREL
OF
THE
IRISH
A.D.
1605-17.
A.D.
FYNES
MORYSON'S
ITINERARY
1605-17.
cloth.
Chap. III.
Of the Germans, and Bohemians Commonwealth,
under
which
title
containe
an
Historicall
Lawes, more speciallythe Lawes of inheritance, and of womens Dowries, the capitall
Judgements, and the diversitie of degreesin
Family and Common-wealth.
Thehiitorlcall
introduction.
OnstantinethegreatmadeEmperourabout
the yeere 306, removed his seatefrom
Rome to Constantinople, and at his death
beeagaineestablished
in one body,but wasmostcom238
OF
THE
GERMAN
COMMONWEALTH
A.D.
1605-17.
thesword,andbarbarous
Nationsin greatarmies,invaded
theEmpire, till they possessed
Italy, so as this Emperour
wasforcedto deposehis Imperiall dignity about the yeere
476. And thus the WesterneEmpire ceased,till Charles
thegreat, King of France,about the yeere 774 subdued
theLombards,andwasat RomesalutedEmperour of the
Westby Pope Leo the third, and the Princes of Italy.
Fromwhich time the Empires of the East and West, of
old devidedby inheritanceamongbrothersand Kinsmen
hadno moreany mutuall right of succession,
but began
to beeseverallygoverned. Histories write that Charles
thegreat,King of France,wasdescended
of the Germans,
andthat all Gallia Transalpina(that is beyondthe Alpes)
and upper Germany, as farre as Hungary, were by a
commonname called France, onely devided into Easterne
and Westerne
France.
And
the
divers
Nations
of
A.D.
FYNES
MORYSON'S
ITINERARY
1605-17.
and
Switzerland.
Emperours,
till bythedissentions
betweene
themandthe
OF THE
GERMAN
COMMONWEALTH
A.D.
1605-17.
yeere1453,swallowed
that Empirewithin hisfoulejawes.
Hitherto the said Bishops,that they might reigne alone,
sometimes
bewitched the barbarousKings, which had
destroyed
the Empireof the West,and then reignedin
Italy, for Religionssaketo promotethe Churchof Rome,
andat other times oppressedthem with open treacheries,
241
A.D.
FYNES
MORYSON'S
ITINERARY
1605-17.
OF THE
GERMAN
COMMONWEALTH
A.D.
1605-17.
hathgrowneold andweake,by little andlittle from that Austrtatime to this our age: For howsoeverthe Emperor
Charlesthe fifth of the said Family, heire to eight and
twentyKingdomes,in respecthee was borne at Gant in
Netherland,and so reputed a German, was chosen
Emperourin the yeere 1519, by the Electors, rejecting
theKing of FranceFrancisthe first, asa stranger,and at
thattime the power of this Emperour seemedfearefull to
theItalians,at the first blush: yet the Pope of Rome in
theTriumvirall warre of England, France,& Spaine,did
with suchart support the weakerpart, and by contrary
motionsin one and the same cause,so favoured now one,
Saxony,
obtainedhelpeof the King of FranceHenry the
second,
who camewith a great Army to the confinesof
the Empire, professinghimselfe the Champion of the
Germane
liberty. At which time Mauritius besieging
Magdeburgwith the Emperoursarmy, receivedthat City
into the protection of the Empire and of himselfe,and
presently
entertainedin his ownepay the greatestpart
thereof,willing to servehim: And with theseforceshe
243
A.D.
FYNES
MORYSON'S
ITINERARY
1605-17.
OF
THE
HOUSE
OF
AUSTRIA
A.D.
1605-17.
Familyof Austria.
[Rodulphus
245
A.D.
FYNES
1605-17.
MORYSON'S
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died in the
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Fredericke M
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of
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by
theEmperours
rt
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second,Count
of Tyroll by
the Marriage
of his Sonne to
the Niece
of
theKingof
ffi sfl
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the
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died
in the yeare
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(/J
ITINERARY
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Philipmarrying
theDaughter
of Ferdinand
Kingof Spaine
b
Foure Daughters,Elin
married to Francis the fi
'
governingNetherland,d
A.D.
FYNES
MORYSON'S
ITINERARY
1605-17.
.3
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""> 1)
"~
g u "0 -
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'c
y, dieda
J_"pHS ^^
2
child.
^S
C m 6D
^ ,
'S ^ .5
^W
^ ^^
Js s^i *"
^
'S^
(/i c^ a^
sisters, Elizabeth
Five
permission,
put u
to
death by
the '5CX- married to the King of PolT
" "
c~i?-o"
S
U '" J,
J o^
2 u <*-
sister
toPhilipKingofSpaine
by hisFathers
P>"- _g
O > l-H
Portugall,
"
C
Q -S**^
tatus,
byMarie
of
Emperor,mariedto Mary,
Cleve. Magdalenunmarried;
and Catherine
wife
to the
^ to theKing of Poland.
v James
died
c of nine
Ferdinand of Ispruck, so
called of that Citie, wherein
yeares
of
Hee
pq^
Uge-
1 Dukeof Mantua,
bywhom
he had some daughters,but"
o
no heiremale.But bya
ts>
4)
Two sisters,-^
Catherin-borne
3 sonnes.
of Isabella of "
Valois,
wifeto<
Sixesisters,
Leonora,
wife
to
the
Duke
of
Mantua.
-t-l
.1 ^
- ;^ ^ iT
jfrt UK
A- i<
Eugenia
wifeto^ Barbara,
wifetheDuke
of
arch-Duke Al- 5 Feraria. Margareta,Ursula,
bert,
andborne
^ Helena,
andJoanna.
of
Anne
of
Austria.
J3
w 2
4-)
Ferdinand
died an
Infant.
.^
PhilipKingof_ dinand
byMarie,
thedaughter
Spaine,borneof
Anne of Aus-
Philip,
triain theyeare
dyingin theyeere1519,left
King of
Spaine-
1578.
Ferdinand
Carolus Post-
zu Gratz.
humus.
Charles Marques
of Burgh.
Court.
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*^
gl'||^
A.D.
1605-17.
Thehouse
of
FYNES
MORYSON'S
ITINERARY
The
Dominions.
Kingof Hungary,
Kingof Bohemia,
with theannexed
most fertile Provinces, of Moravia, Silesia, and Lusatia.
largeterritoriesin SueviaandAlsatia,besides
greatjurisdictions amongthe Sweitzerscalledthe Grysons.
OF
THE
HOUSE
OF
AUSTRIA
A.D.
1605-17.
A.D.
FYNES
MORYSON'S
ITINERARY
1605-17.
Hungary.
Turke
tooke
that wished
occasion
to make warre
OF
THE
HOUSE
OF
AUSTRIA
A.D.
1605-17.
A.D.
FYNES
MORYSON'S
ITINERARY
1605-17.
OF
THE
HOUSE
OF
AUSTRIA
A.D.
1605-17.
them,who had twenty Guldensby the moneth. Likewise sixty Truxes, who had each a Pension of thirty
Guldens,and sixty Horsemencalled Hofdiener (that is,
Servantsat Court), who were allowed for eachhorse (as
I formerlysaid)ten RhenishGuldensby the moneth,and
no man had allowance for more then three horses.
Like-
chosen
by the generallconsent
of the Princes,in bothE!ecttDnwhichcoursesthe next heyreswere commonlypreferred,
till the reigne of Otho 3. In his time his Kinsman
Brennoa Saxonwas chosenPope, taking the name of
Gregorie,and he first instituted the sevenElectorsof the
A.D.
FYNES
MORYSON'S
ITINERARY
1605-17.
betweenethe Emperours and the Roman Prince Crescentius, for the choise of the Pope, and the common
opinion is, that PopeGregoriein the yeere997 madethis
Law of sevenElectors to chusethe Emperour, and that
Pope Silvesterrestrainedit to certaine Families. And
this Institution seemedto give great strength to the
Empire, since the former seditionswere thereby taken
away,and it waslikely thesePrinceswould chusea man
of the greatest vertues and power. But Charlesthe
fourth chosenEmperor,with conditionnot to meddlewith
Italy, first obtainedof the Electorsto chusehis sonto be
Caesarin his life time, and so made this Institution of no
And
and
dmrs Churchmen
andLaymenthevoicesshouldbeequall,the
^Empire
"* ^nS ^ Bohemia
wasaddedfor the seventh
Elector.
concerning
'theThe Archbishop
of Trier, Chauncellor
for France,sits
Electors
and before the Emperour. The Archbishop of Mentz
other
Officers,
Chansellor
for Germany,sitsat the Emperorsright hand,
Emperor^na^P^aces
^ut m tneDiocesse
of Colon,where
hegives
himselfe.placeto the Archbishop
therof. The Archbishop
of
of the Rheine
OF
THE
HOUSE
OF
AUSTRIA
A.D.
1605-17.
Emperour,
thereshouldnotbewantingoneto supplythe [HI.iv.190.]
placeof the King of Bohemiaat the Electionof the new
governes
Bohemia,
till the newEmperourbe chosen,
and
ambushment
for another Elector, comming to chusethe
Emperour,neither shall denie him safeconduct through
hisCountry,under the paineof perjurie, and losseof his
Voycefor that Election. Under the samepenalty, that
no man whosoever,lye in waite to intercept the person
or goodsof any Elector : That the Arch-Bishopof Ments
shallappointthe day of the Election by letters Pattents,
soas the Electors, or their Deputies having full power,
may meete for that purpose at Franckfort upon the
Meyne,within threemoneths,and if the Archbishopfaile
to appointthe day, yet that the Electors uncalled,shall
meete
there
within
that
time.
That
no
Elector
nor
theElectoror Deputy called,and not comming,or departing beforethe Emperourbe chosen,shallloosehis Voyce
thatdone,the Archbishop
of Mentz at the Altar give an
M. iv
257
A.D.
FYNES
MORYSON'S
ITINERARY
1605-17.
theElectors.
faef^
OF
THE
HOUSE
OF
AUSTRIA
A.D.
1605-17.
yeares
old, and that this Tutor for that time shallhave
all his right, which he shall then restore to him, and for
want of heires males, that the Emperour shall give the
Electorshipto whom hee will, excepting the King of
Bohemia,who is to beechosenby the Bohemians. That
minesof mettalsfound in the Territories of any Elector,
shallbee proper to himselfe. That the subjectsof the
Electors shall not bee bound
A.D.
FYNES
MORYSON'S
ITINERARY
1605-17.
That
at his table.
When
one Elector
hath
done his
OF
THE
HOUSE
OF
AUSTRIA
A.D.
1605-17.
Germans,
andtheir sonnesat the ageof sevenyearesshall
beetaught the Grammer,and the Italian and Sclavonian
among
theirownesubjects,
andhadlittle or noauthorityEmP'rein the rest of the Empire. The Germansconfesse,that
the House of Austria
of
A.D.
FYNES
MORYSON'S
ITINERARY
1605-17.
OF
THE
HOUSE
OF
AUSTRIA
A.D.
1605-17.
breakethe absolutepower they have in their owne territories,or least hee should by force of armesmakethem
moreobedientto himselfe,or least hee should oppresse
themin the causeof Religion, either of his ownemotion,
or by the instigation of the Pope. Hence it is, that hee
whodaresnot make warre upon the Emperour,yet dares
denieto helpehim, and he that daresnot deny helpe,yet
dareseither fayle in performance,or by delayesmake it
unprofitable. Besidesthat by nature, the decreesand
counsels
of manyheads,arecarriedwith lessesecrecy,and
areseldomeexecutedwith convenientspeed,and that for
whichmanycare,eachoneneglects,asPlato saith,disputing againstcommunity. Also the Emperours power is
many other wayes weakened: First that the Germans in
and Cities
used to denie
contributions
because
the meetingsof Parliaments(which they call
Dyettaes)require the expectance
of somemoneths,besides
263
A.D.
FYNES
MORYSON'S
ITINERARY
1605-17.
trarietyof opinions,whichmustneedes
begreatin mindes
so ill united. Thirdly; because
the Germansunwisely
thinke, that the tyrannyof the Turkes hangingover them,
yet is a lesseand more removedevill, then the jealousie
of their private estates,and feareto be oppressedin the
causeof Religion. Lastly, becausethe Germansthinke
it not equall, to be at publike charge, to recover the
private Cities of the House of Austria from the Turkes.
Thesethingsmakethe greatpowerof Germanysoweake,
that asthe wholebody pinedaway,while the handsdenied
meate to the belly; so not onely the Empire, to the
generallshameof Christians,drawesthe last breathunder
the Turkish tyranny, while the disagreeingand sluggish
Christian Princesdenie helpe in this caseto the House
of Austria, and opposethe weakerbranchof that House
to the most powerfull force of the Turkes; but alsoit
may justly be fearedlest other Kingdomesand the very
name of Christians,should be utterly consumedin this
fier daily creepingand increasingupon us, which God in
his mercy forbid.
Thestate
of Next to the said vassalsto the Emperour, a King, a
certaine Palatine, a Duke, a Marquesse,and three Archbishops,
the Empire, namely, the Dukes of Bavaria,of Brunswicke, of Sueviaand of Lorayne, and foure Langraves,
and of eachdegreefoure, whereof someare at this day
extinguished,and manyotherhave sincebeenecreatedby
divers Emperours. In like sort of old were instituted
O/Citits. foure Metropolitan Cities of the Empire, namely,Augsburg, (calledof the Vandalsfor difference),Aquisgranum
OfBishops,
(vulgarly Ach), Mentz, and Lubecke. Bishopsspirituall
Princes were of old twenty sevenin number, whereof
some have secular Dominions, onely by habite distin-
OF
THE
HOUSE
OF
AUSTRIA
A.D.
1605-17.
of Halla.
Not
Princes,
andcausing
theDecrees
to beput in execution.
Commonwealth
in
But at this daythenameof theEmperouris become
a general!.
meeretitle, and his authoritie hath no sinews, so as he can
A.D.
1605-17.
FYNES
MORYSON'S
ITINERARY
sinewsthusdisjoyned,
andhaveno commonforce,though
in eachpart they be strong. I say the publike calamity
of Christians,because
howsoever
the privatePrincesof
266
OF
THE
HOUSE
OF
AUSTRIA
A.D.
1605-17.
A.D.
FYNES
MORYSON'S
ITINERARY
1605-17.
Pallaces,seemingunequallyshared,the Citizensagreed
OF
THE
REVENUES
OF
AUSTRIA
A.D.
1605-17.
that
those
Cities
of
old
custome
maintained
especially
for the warre againstthe Turkes, which at that
time much lessepressedGermany,then it doth in these
our daies. First, it was decreed,that for foure yeeres
next following, eachpersonof any sex or quality howsoever possessing(through long and broad Germany),or
being worth by all meanes500 gold Guldens, should
269
A.D.
FYNES
MORYSON'S
ITINERARY
1605-17.
much
more.
And
that
this
collection
should
execution
of this office.
After it
That
should
were
to maintaine
one Footeman.
That
should
maintaine
one Horseman.
That
OF
THE
REVENUES
OF
AUSTRIA
A.D.
1605-17.
Princes.
And
this must
alwaies be
A.D.
FYNES
MORYSON'S
ITINERARY
1605-17.
Warfare
of agreatProvince
in Germany,
mostpartof upperGermany
having beenso called of old) were most warlike, yet at
the first hearing,so fearedthe Romans,as somethought
to leavetheir dwellings,somemadetheir last wils, andall
mournedand were sad. He reports also, that the halfe
part of this peoplewasimployedand nourishedin Armes,
and the other halfe gave themselvesto Husbandry,and
that so by yeerelycoursethey were one yeere Husbandmen, anotheryeere Souldiers. That none of them had
any private fields, nor dwelt in one place more then a
yeere. Lastly, that freedomein youth, and huntingafter
they came to ripe yeeres,made them of huge stature.
Many witnesse,that the Germansof old, in feastingtooke
counsellof Peaceand Warre, thinking the vigor of the
mind then to be most inlarged,when they were warmed
with Wine. They werewont to promisetheir neighbours
that they would overcomein fighting, or elsedie valiantly,
and sowereled forth to the war with the peoplesacclamations, exhorting them to valour, and at their returnewere
not praised,exceptthey shewedscarresgotten in fighting.
It was infamousfor any of them to losehis shield,soas
many for that causehangedthemselves; for it was not
lawfull for them to be present at their Sacrificesor
Counsels. Being ready to fight, they called upon
272
OF
THE
WARLIKE
PROVISION
A.D.
1605-17.
onelybecause
theyweareblackeapparrell,
but alsofor th"da^'
that most of them have blacke Horses, and make their
to them;
273
A.D.
FYNES
MORYSON'S
ITINERARY
1605-17.
disadvantage,
being assayledwith Horsemenbearing
Lances.
Their
Their Footemenarevulgarly calledLantzknechten,that
footemen
at is, Servantswith Lances,and the best of them are those
this
Jay. of Tyroll,Suevia,
andWestphalia.
Commonly
theyare
corpulent, and of a dull or lesse fiery spirit, yet are of
Their
warfare
in
compared
to Bulles: for as Bullesbearingtheir homes
general!at
thisday. ontheground,
withfirmefooteattendtheassault
of the
Dogges; so the Germans,neither rush fiercely on their
enemies, nor can easily be broken by any charge. The
them.
often hired the Germans. And they being for the most
part Lutherans, and so hating both parts, as well the
Papists,as the Calvinists,(so I call them for distinction,
being so termed by their commonenemies,though they
follow neitherCalvin nor Luther further, then they agree
with theWord of God); I saythat they hating the Papists,
and mostof all the Calvinists,nearestto them in Religion
274
OF
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WARFARE
A.D.
1605-17.
mostfit to receivethe loosewings of the French,chearefully assaulting,but soonedriven backe; and that after
thefirst fury of the French,the body of the Dutch Foote,
like the Triarii amongthe Romans,stoodfirme. And the
great Victory of the French at Ravenna, against the
Spaniardsand Italians, was in great part attributed to
the German Footemen, who received the French Foote,
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professing,
that whenthe Turkesmadea shewto besiege
276
OF
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GERMAN
WARFARE
A.D.
1605-17.
not much
Neither
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reade,and obey the Preachers,Authors, and Superioursof
were
chosen
to assist him.
And
it was
should
of three
hundreth
OF
THE
GERMAN
WARFARE
A.D.
1605-17.
each Horse.
That
the Generall
should
further
have one
allowedtwo Horsemenspay. That the Generallhappening to beetakenby the fortune of the warre, the Empire
shouldreadily pay his ransomeand redeemehim. That
no peaceshould be made without the consent of the
Generall. Lastly, that the Generall should deposethis
dignitie when hee should be directed so to doe by the
Councell, within
the
A.D.
1605-17.
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ITINERARY
Cities,Lubeckand Hamburgarefarremorepowerfullin
this kind, then all the rest joyned together. The Haven
of Hamburghathcommonlygreatnumberof shipping,
and they said, that more then six hundred ships did then
But our
OF
THE
NAVAL
POWER
OF
GERMANY
A.D.
1605-17.
publike meetings yeerely for that purpose, most commonlyin the monethof May, or at the times of the full
andnew Moones. They camearmed to thesemeetings
not all together,but every man at his pleasure,and as it
pleased
the multitude, so they satein judgement. Silence
wascommandedby the Priests,who hadpower to punish
them. Then the Prince or King, or any eminentperson
in eloquenceor in favour, was heard to speake,yet as
perswading,not commanding; and if the speechpleased,
the peopleshewedconsentby murmuring, or otherwise
dissentby striking their spearestogether. Here they
determined all controversies,and chosenew Captaines or
Governours. They had a custome,that if any man complained of another, hee should make a supper for a
hundred men, who duely examined the cause; and if the
A.D.
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1605-17.
And
therefore
the Doctors
of the Civill
Law are
of the Empire. The third Court is vulgarly calledCamergericht,that is, the Justice of the Imperiall Chamber,
which is held at Spire foure times eachyeere,eachtime
OF
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OF
GERMANY
A.D.
1605-17.
be few Students of the Civill
Law:
subjects
of Austria,lying on the Southsideof Bohemia,)[III. iv.202.]
for this causethere be many Doctors of Civill Law, and
they alsomuch esteemedin the EmperoursCourt. If a
Bohemianhavea causein any Court of the Germans,he
is tried by the Civill Law, or by the Law of Saxony; and
if a German answer in the Court of the Bohemians, he is
tried by the provinciallLaw of Bohemia,andthe Defendant drawes the cause to his owne Court.
Moravia,
andlanguageof Germany,and Justiceis there administred by the Law of Bohemia,derived from the Law of
Saxony; but for the greater part by the Civill Law.
Generallyin Germany,if a causebe receivedinto any
Court, and the defendantescapeto another City, the
Magistrateof the placemust sendhim backe,to answer
the Plaintife
his accuser.
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teeneAssessors,
halfe shouldbe Civill Lawyers,andhalfe
of the Knightly Order. That the greater part should
carry the cause,and the voicesbeing equall, the Judges
voyce should cast it. That the Judge should not be
absentwithout leaveof the Assessors,
nor they without
his leave,and that without somegreat cause,morethen
foure of them should not be absent at one time:
That in
absence
they shouldhaveno voyce: That the cheefJudge
being sicke, shall substitute a Prince in his place,who
shall first
take
his oath.
The
Procters
and Advocates
OF
THE
LAWS
OF
GERMANY
A.D.
1605-17.
speeches
of anger should be punished,and all be sworne
to keepsecretthe Acts of the Councell: That Advocates
should not be more then foure and twenty in number:
A.D.
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shall be admitted.
judged by the Colledgesof civill Lawyers in the University : but since Princes and Cities weekely hold
OF
THE
LAWS
OF
GERMANY
A.D.
1605-17.
havepriviledgesagainstappeales,
grantedto them from
theEmperor,theseappeales
are manytimesandby divers
meanesmade voide. In this Chamber the Emperour
himselfemay be accused,and many times a Gentleman,
it takeno effect: yet in commoncustome,andafterthe JUfme"flforme of the Statutesof Italy, he that hath a mind to
kill, is not punished,excepthe doe kill. The old Law
of Saxonyrespectsthe fact, not the will: but of late the
Electorsof Saxonyhave made a Statute (which is yet in
vigour), that he that provokesa manto fight, or threatens
deathto him, shall dye, though hee never assailehim.
The Germanshold it reprochfullto apprehendany male-
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1605-17.
sworne men.
And
manynocentpersonsshouldescape
for wantof triall. In
Germanynot onely men but womenalso being accused,
areput to torture. And for diversgreat crimes,the Law
patience,
lestthe condemned
shouldfall into despaire,
the
288
OF
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LAWS
OF
GERMANY
A.D.
1605-17.
torments
of death.
And
of late the
learned
if not a graduate,in the Universityof Basil,after
hisFathersdeath,wascalledhomeby the Senateof Hamburg,and forcedto doe his FathersOffice, which is most
ignominious,
but of greatprofit: For the Germanshold
it reprochfullto take off the skinneof any beast,dying of
289
A.D.
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1605-17.
And
peoples
angerfor the same,heepresentlydrunkesomeof
the mans blood that was dead, and after hee had fetched
ManOf oldamongtheGermans
man-slaughter
waspunished
slaughter.
\^y a mujct of cattle, but no man escapeddeathfor
290
OF
THE
LAWS
OF
GERMANY
A.D.
1605-17.
aboade
to thebanished
menof the nextCountries: Onely
I mustexceptthe Lords and Gentlemenof Bohemia,who
upon capitall offencesare not presentlyjudged, but are
referred to the next Parliament.
In free Cities
I have
A.D.
FYNES
MORYSON'S
ITINERARY
1605-17.
Forme
of
wherehe is againeaccused,
andconfesseth
the fact, according to his confessions
formerly madeeither in torture or
beforethe Senatorsappointedto examinehim: Thenthe
Judge gives sentence,and breakeshis white rod. This
done, the Hangman repeatesthe sentencein the market
place,and presentlythe Malefactoris brought forth to be
beheaded. This man-slaughterin suddenfury, is very
frequentamongthe Germans,by reasonof their excessive
drinking. In the City of Hamburg I observedthirty
sevento be thus killed in the spaceof six weekes,and
onely three of the manslayers to be beheaded,the rest
OF
THE
LAWS
OF
GERMANY
A.D.
1605-17.
By the Civill Law the punishmentof a boy for manslaughter,is arbitrary, but he is not subject to the
CornelianLaw, or capitall punishment, except he be
capable
of malice. By the Law of Saxony,a boy for manslaughteris punishedby the foresaid mulct, if he be
capableof malice,otherwisehe is subject to no punishment,and in like sort if he depriveoneof the useof any
member: but in customeif he be seventeene
yeeresold, [III.iv.207.]
he may be, and is commonlyput to death. By the Civill
A.D.
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1605-17.
Punishment
of arbitrary, and as manywoundsasare given, so manyare
realland
Alwaies understand,
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OF
GERMANY
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1605-17.
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1605-17.
OF
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but it may be manifest to strangersin forraine parts.Yet the interpretersof that Law, thinke at this day, that
offenderscan not be so punished by that Law, and that a
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1605-17.
Adultery.
OF
THE
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OF
GERMANY
A.D.
1605-17.
secretly,
for preservingof all their honours. The other
of anotherDuchessewho wasbrickedup in a most narrow
roome,having an hole in the wall by which shereceived
hermeat,to prolong her miserablelife, while her husband
had another wife and lived with her in the sameCastle, in
AD.
1605-17.
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MORYSON'S
ITINERARY
othervirgins,withoutanyshewof suchweaknes,
& after,
upon the saidaccusationbeingimprisoned,the reportwas
that sheeshould beejudged to death,after the old Law
mentionedby the Poet Propertius,namely,being sewed
in a sackewith a living cat (in steedof an Ape), anda
OF
THE
LAWS
OF
GERMANY
A.D.
1605-17.
what would
become of her.
to give him breadand water, and after a yeeresimprisonment, if the debtor take his oath that he is not able to
pay,he shalbe set free,yet the creditor hath stil his right
reservedupon his yeerly wagesfor his labour, and upon
hisgainesby anyart or trade,andupon anygoodswhatsoeverhe shall after possesse.And beforeany debtor bee
imprisoned,the Magistrategiveshim eighteenweekstime
to pay his debt, and commits him not till that time be
A.D.
FYNES
MORYSON'S
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1605-17.
That
it should
be lawfull
to Goldsmiths
for exercise
of their trade,(andno more)to meltgoldand
silver, and to devideit into parts,so as they exportnone
of it. That no man should sell or pawnethe priviledge
OF
THE
LAWS
OF
GERMANY
A.D.
1605-17.
Potecaries,
for the preservationof health,or the lessehurt
of the sicke,the Law provides that their shopsbe yeerly
visited, and purged of all corrupted drugges, which the
writes,that the fieldswere yeerelydivided by the Magistrate, no man having fees or inheritanceproper to him,
lesthusbandryshouldtake awaytheir warlike disposition,
33
A.D.
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But howsoever
Fee of the Father,sometimesto the seventhdegree,sometimes infinitely: for the Interpretersextend the succession of the right line without end, but the succession
of
the collaterallline onely to the seventhdegree. But in
[III.iv.212.] the Law of Saxony,collateralkinsmen have no right of
succession
in the Fee,exceptthey haveit by right of joynt
investiture. TheseLawesdiffer in numbring the degrees.
For the Saxonsmake the first degreein cosen-germans
by the fathersside, namelythe sonnesof two brethren;
and the second degree in the sonnes of two cosengermans: whereasin the Civill Law, cosen-germans
arein
the fourth degreeof consanguinity. By the Civill Law,
OF
THE
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OF
GERMANY
A.D.
1605-17.
common,
from whichif they depart,they arejudged to
haverenouncedthe mutuall right of succession
; soasone
brotherdying after the division, the other hath no right
to his part: thereforeby customeone brother useth to TheLowes
of
305
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in . his place. By
the Civill ,.'.,.,,
law, a Fee falling& to, a Monk,
J
.
.
belongs to the Monastery during his lire : but by the law
OF
THE
LAWS
OF
GERMANY
A.D.
1605-17.
paimentof themhathsincebeenequallydividedthrough
Germany,allowing a horsemantwelve Guldens, and a
footemanfoure Guldens. By the Civill Law, he forfeites
his Fee,who cuts downe fruitfull trees,or puls up vines,
but by the Law of Saxony,it is free to the possessor,
to
make the lands or housesof the Fee better or worse, at his
but
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1605-17.
fathersinheritance,
(theElectorship
beinggivenaway,the
inheritancewherof could not be divided): but I did
observe,that the brother to that Duke of Coburgsson
being unmarried,had no inheritancesub-dividedto him,
which was said should be done, when he tooke a wife. The
Sonnet
of prmces
whose
Fees
could not,.,...
be divided,
yea,andthe
. ,
.
. . ,, .
,' /
Protestant
OF
THE
LAWS
OF
GERMANY
A.D.
1605-17.
of Bishopricks
asAdministrators(beingsocalled),besides
money,and pensions,and somelandsof inheritance,and
but none can have these utensiles, save the women on the
A.D.
FYNES
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ITINERARY
1605-17.
priviledgesof succession
aregrantedto women. By the
succession
of moveablegoods,the sonnessucceede
the
father by the Pole: but the nephewes
(or sonnesof
anothersonnedeceased)
succeede
their Grand-father
onely
in thepartbelongingto theirfather. I havesaid,thatthe
Law of Saxonychangethnothing touching the persons,
When
the
Deceased
hath with them, the children of their dead brothers and sisters,
no heires.
are then grst ca}ledto inheritance, when the deceasedhath
310
OF
THE
LAWS
OF
GERMANY
A.D.
1605-17.
but by the Law of Saxony,sincethe right of representation simply hath no place,and thesepersonsare in the
samedegree,namely,in the third degree,they are called
togetherto the inheritance,yet the Scabines
(or Judges)of
Leipzig, havepronouncedthe contraryto this judgement
A.D.
FYNES
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children.
of a Posthumus,
(that is, a sonneborneafterhis fathers
death), if it give no part to this child; so the birth be
proved by two witnesses: but by the Law of Saxony
foure men by hearesay,and two womenby sight, must
testifie the birth.
In the Civill
Law it is controverted
how
OF
THE
LAWS
OF
GERMANY
A.D.
1605-17.
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MORYSON'S
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1605-17.
OF
THE
LAWS
OF
GERMANY
A.D.
1605-17.
long till the guift be made: but thesethingsareunderstoodof guiftsamongtheliving, not of guiftsupondeath.
By the Civill Law guifts areof force,though madeout of
theplacewherethe goodsare seated: but by the Law of
Saxony
for unmoveable
goodsthe guift mustbeemadein
the place,and beforethe Judge of the place,where the
goodsareseated,onely somecasesexcepted.
By the Civill Law, the heire that makesno Inventory,
is tied to the Creditors,above the goods of Inheritance;
but by the Law of Saxonyhe is neither tied to makean
Inventory, nor to pay further then the goods of the
deceasedextend. By the Civill Law, within ten dayes, [III.iv.217.]
A.D.
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on the Fathers
Yet
OF
THE
LAWS
OF
GERMANY
A.D.
1605-17.
brothermust give accountto the younger, of the inheritancewhich heeadministrethundevided: but by the Law
whoexcludes
him from succession),
he is tied yeerelyto
giveaccount,but if he be heire to the Pupill, he is not
boundto give account,which notwithstandingis restrained
to Parents and Brothers, who for reverence of the blood,
of a common
and undevided
Inheritance.
By the
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ITINERARY
1605-17.
the ascending
line, succeed
the Sonneor Daughterdying,
in equallportionswith the BrothersandSisters: but by
the Law of Saxony,the Parentsof the Sonnedead,or if
OF
THE
LAWS
OF
GERMANY
A.D.
1605-17.
betweene
the living,othersdetermine
that thegift at death
withouta Tutor is of force,soit be madebeforethe Judge,
A.D.
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1605-17.
wivesdeath,gainesall moveable
goods,and so muchof
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OF
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husbandin time of his life, or no, for it is alwayespresumed that shee got these things out of her husbands
goods: And if in any place there be no custometo
[III.iv.z2o.] determine this, then the widow besides her fourth, or
they remainewidowes,possesse
all their husbandsestate
(exceptingthe Electorships,which the next kinsmanby
the Fathers side administersby his right, during the
or
their
children:
Sister
OF
THE
LAWS
OF
GERMANY
A.D.
1605-17.
And
no doubt
the Germans
husbands,
but apartwith the maides; andafter the meale,
to comeand take away their husbandstable; and if they
cameto sit with him at table,yet to sit downeat the lower
end,at least under all the men. My selfe have seene
husbandsof like quality to chide their wives bitterly, till
theywept abundantly,and the samewives (of goodranke)
very sooneafter to bring a chaire to the husband,and
serve him
with
a trencher
and other
necessaries.
The
323
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ut ameris amabilis
esto.
OF
DEGREES
IN
THE
FAMILY
A.D.
1605-17.
The Germans
areneithertoo indulgent,nor too sterne
to their sonnesand daughters,yet they give them no OfSons
and
tendereducation,
but astheybring theirchildrennakedDaughters.
into the hot stoaves,so they exposethem naked to frost
andsnow. Neither doethey exactany humility or respect
from their children, who in all placesare familiar with
their Parents,& never stir their hats when they speak
to them, & when they goe to bed they aske not blessing
on their knees, as our children doe, but shake hands with
estemation
in Germany,I rememberone of the cheefe
calledVon (of) Shulenburg,whom I did see,andheewas
saidto havefoureteenethousandgold Guldensyeerelyrent,
325
A.D.
FYNES
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my private experience
: For conversingwith a Gentleman,
heeperceivingthat I spakeLatin better then heethought
becamea Gentleman,askedmee how long I did studyin
the University; and when I said that I was Masterof
Arts, (which degreeour best Gentlemendisdainenot), I
found that hee did after esteememee as a Pedant, where-
OF
THE
ORDERS
OF
KNIGHTS
A.D.
1605-17.
theyeere
1124,
wereconfirmed
byPopeHonorius,
beingKniAtsso calledof the Templeat Jerusalem,in part whereof
they dwelt. Histories report that Pope Gregory the
ninth incited them to doegreat domageby their treachery
to the Emperour Fredericke,making the holy warre in
Asia. At last the inducing of heathenishReligion, all
kinds of lust andintemperance,and the suspitionof their
conspiringwith the Turkes, or the feareof their too great
power,madePope Clement the fifth, a Frenchman,and
residing at Avignon, first to extinguish the Order in
France,then in all Christendome,in the yeere 1312; The
secondOrder of the Johanites(or SaintJohn), was instituted by Balduine the secondKing of Jerusalem. Then
in the yeere1308,they tooke the lie of Rhodes,andwere
calledthe Knights of Rhodes, till they were expelled
thenceby the Turkes, in the yeere 1522, and then
possessing
the Hand of Malta, they are to this day called
theKnights of Malta: And greatpart of the Templaries
rents, was given to this Order, into which of old none
but Gentlemen were admitted.
the German
A.D.
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selves betraied their Cities to the Polonians, and after
this
Order,
forced
to these
conditions,
namely
thatAlbertMarquesse
theDuke
of
Prussia
was
created.
OF
THE
ORDERS
OF
KNIGHTS
A.D.
1605-17.
place.
Among the GermansI could not observeany ordinary Theordinary
degreeof Knights, conferred in honour upon such as degree
of
of Administrators:
And
in like
manner
A.D.
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1605-17.
TheseSuperintendants
are insteadof Bishops,to oversee
the Cleargy, but are not distinguishedin habite or title
of dignity from the other Ministers: yet to them as
cheefein vertue and learning,as well the Ministers asall
otherdegreesyeelddue reverence,and in all Ecclesiastical
causesthey havegreatauthority : But otherwiseGermany
hath many rich and potent Bishops,of whom generall
mention is made in the Chapter of Proverbs,and particularly in this Chapter, much hath beenesaid of the
three spirituall Electors.
Husbandmen.
The Husbandmenin Germanyare not so baseasthe
French and Italians, or the slavesof other Kingdomes,
but much more miserableand poore then the English
[III.iv.224.] Husbandmen: yet those of Prussia, a fat and fertile
Country, comeneerestto the English in richesandgood
fare. The other being hired by Gentlemen to plough
their grounds,give their servicesat low rates,andpayso
great rent, to their Lords, as they have scarcelymeanes
to cover nakedneswith pooreclothes,and to feed themselveswith ill smelling colewortsand like meate. In
Moraviaincorporated
to Bohemia,and lying betweene
it
and Polonia, the husbandmenare meere slaves. And at
OF
THE
HUSBANDMEN
A.D.
1605-17.
And
howsoever
the Gentlemen
doe not
com-
of hisslaves,
for stealingof a fish. It is freefor a Gentleman to hang any of his slavesfor going into strange
forraigne
parts,to learnemanuaryarts,but theycall them
homeat pleasure,and when they comeback, makethem
workefor the Lords behoofe. They take their Daughters
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1605-17.
Bohemians
give greatertitles to Gentlemenby writing
andin saluting, then the Germans,wherenotwithstanding
(asappearesin the due place)thereis great and undecent
flattery by words among all degrees. I did not observe
Hussiteshavingchangednothingin religion,saveonely
332
OF
DEGREES
IN
BOHEMIA
A.D.
1605-17.
Chap. IIII.
Of the particular Common-wealths,as well of the
pedegree
fromWitikind, a famousDukeof the Germans,Electorin thetime of the EmperourCharlesthe Great,who forced
him to lay asidethe name of King, permitting him the
title of a Duke, and to becomeChristianin the yeere805.
333
Deitgrenius.
Frederike.
Fredericke
invested
Marquisof MisenbytheEm- W
Othothe RichbuiltFriburg,whereheehadfoundMineso
1349.
rebelling
against
theEmperour,
received
theScholers
of Prag
He died in th
I
Albert
yeere 15
The Elector
A.D.
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ITINERARY
1605-17.
George
of Leipzig,
called
The firstElector
of thisbranch.
yeare 1539.
'
Mauritius made
Elector by the
Emperor Charles
the 5, was borne
Henrie,
Duke
ofSaxonie,_ 1521,
died1553.
made
Governour
of Fries-
Augustus Elec-
tor
of Denmarke, and
maried
Anne
-a " cu
- _"
The
the
Elector
Wise, who
Frederike
put
the
Hee
the Universitie
at
Confession
at-
Augsburg,
anddied1533.
336
.g.i-c
o .SP *"" |
e =
i-.
OF
THE
PRINCES
OF
THE
EMPIRE
A.D.
1605-17.
( Eight Boyes,and
Three
young
daughters.
II!
e<u
o
[> U V
rS
Christian
the
Electormarried the
daughter
to theElector of Brande-
burganddied1591.
Elizabethmarried
to
Casimire
clocke
in themorning.
John George,
borne1585,
> fe-S
u "fe
*
J
-O
C w?-C
5
3 cjj
w *^
TT:-^ o"
"^
C<*,i> c
> o -^ o
3
KG 2 en
Ad-
ministrator to the
Electorship of the
Palatinate.
Dorothy, married
Anne to John
Casimire Duke of
Coburg.
u. E o
o
iu
8 cQ
U JJ
-C
prisonerby him at
thetakingandrazing
of Gotha.
Lodowick
John William
,_
"uQ
to the Duke of
Brunswick;
and
Prince
Palatine
served
theKingof
preferred
to theDukeof Co- "j*3
Francein those" burg,because
hisfatherwas hi
Civill warres, and
died1573.
John borne 1570 then un-
"married.
M. IV
337
A.D.
FYNES
MORYSON'S
ITINERARY
1605-17.
The Princes borne of these three Families, are Dukes
OF
THE
PRINCES
OF
THE
EMPIRE
A.D.
1605-17.
A.D.
1605-17.
FYNES
MORYSON'S
ITINERARY
OF
THE
PRINCES
OF
THE
EMPIRE
A.D.
1605-17.
furnished
with Artillery, asif an Army hadline beforethe
Citie. And in times of Divine service, the streeteswere
A.D.
FYNES
MORYSON'S
ITINERARY
1605-17.
Guldens
the moneth.
He
eachof them hee gave the like pay for twelve Horses.
He had also in his Court five Barrens, namely, two
Cousens Barrons of Zantzke in Bohemia, the Barren of
Ausse, the Barron of Shinck, and the Barren of Done,
and to the fower first he gave like pay for ten, and to
the last for twelve Horses.
with
all necessaries.
He
[III.iv.230.]Calbiners),
and to eachof themhe gavethe pay of one
Horse, apparrelltwice in the yeere,and two hundred
Guldensyeerelystipend. These(asall otherdegrees)
had
342
OF
THE
PRINCES
OF
THE
EMPIRE
A.D.
1605-17.
hadthreeChaplaines,
whereofonewasalwaiesto be at the
side of the Elector. He had sixteene Singingmen,
whereoften being Men, had eachof them 400 Dollers
stipend,& six being boyes, had some 100 dollers for
maintenance. He had 18 Musicians of divers Nations,
A.D.
FYNES
MORYSON'S
ITINERARY
1605-17.
One
chiefe
and two
inferiour
Horse-leeches
and
Smiths, foure Armourers(to pollish the Armes for Tilting), three Sadlers,two Cutlers (to pollish the Swords),
two Feathermakers,and two Porters of the Stable, had
Armoury.
QrArsonallfor ArtilleryandMunitionsof warre,which
they said had furniture for an Army of eighty thousand
Men, overseeneby a Captaineor Master of the Ordinance,his Liefetenant,and three Captainesof the watch,
who had no small stipends; besidesfifty Gunners,who
OF
THE
PRINCES
OF
THE
EMPIRE
A.D.
1605-17.
withoutthe Emperoursknowledge,
whichbondsareoften
broken, the Princes of Germany administring all as
absolutePrinces,onely with consentof their confederates
:
But I passeover this, and returne to the matter in hand.
The foresaidsomanyandsogreatstipends,
weremost [III. iv.231.]
readily paid without delay out of the Exchequer,called
the Silver Chamber,monethly or yeerely, as they did
grow due. And all the Pensionersaforesaid,did keepe
the horsesin the city, for which they had pay, to which
if you addethe 136 horsesof the chiefe stable,and the
200 kept by the D. in other stables,you shal find, that
Dresden was never without a 1000 horses of service, for
any suddenevent. And the number was not lesseof the
A.D.
FYNES
MORYSON'S
ITINERARY
1605-17.
The Brewers /-
Tribute
-j\
"
A j
OF
THE
TRIBUTE
OF
THE
EMPIRE
A.D.
1605-17.
A.D.
FYNES
MORYSON'S
ITINERARY
1605-17.
Leipzig, andbecause
this professionis muchesteemed,
the
Germans
willingly applythemselves
to the studythereof.
TheCount
Palatine
ofthejs cheefeamongthetemporallElectors,andis of thesame
Rheine,
Elector,
and Family,of whichtheDukesof Bavaria
descend.
The
theDuke
of Pedegree
of themboth,is derivedfrom the Emperour
Bavaria.
OF
THE
COUNT
PALATINE
A.D.
1605-17.
the Palatinate
of the Rheine
in fee from
the
Family, who died in the yeere 1253. His sonneLodwicke the severe, Elector Pallatine and Duke of Bavaria,
[Rodolphus
349
AD.
FYNES
MORYSON'S
ITINERARY
1605-17.
s
Fromthis
'ti
Lodwick
J^
a.
discendthe
P<
Dukes
of
Bavaria.
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the
Palatines and
Electors, in
twobranches. multipliedfromPhill
fthe CountesPalatines,
whereofthe chiefeand first haththe Elec
StephenDuke of Bavaria,
who died 1392.
Frederike
Duke
William Count
descendedthe Cou
of Bavaria
died IAOA.
Toh
Albert the fo
to Monach, an
hardly escape
the Emperour
*H cu o
l-Sjffi
c*
3-wu
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rt Si. i
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it
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0 C
s0"
A.D.
1605-17.
FYNES
MORYSON'S
ITINERARY
AffjT*
\ returne
The foresaid
Religion.
answere,
exceptit werein a commonsubject,but aske
of Histories,and controversies
of Religion weremad
familiar to him. The Citie Heidelberg,somtimes
held
in Feefrom the Bishopof Wormz,wasin time beutifie
OF
THE
COUNT
PALATINE
A.D.
1605-17.
Richard
the Duke
of
esteemed
of strangers,and while he conversedwith his
Citizensoften commingto the publike placefor exercise
of the Peeceand Crosse-bow,and being easieof accesse,
yet carriedhimselfe like a grave and noble Prince, hee
becamedeare to his subjects. Of whom hee exacted
moderatetribute for their lands, houses, money, and
goods,and sometwo small fennings for eachMosse or
measureof wine. In five placesupon the Rheine he
exacted
impositionsor taxes,which oneyeerewith another
yeelded some twelve or sixteene thousand French
subjects
use to grant him upon occasion
of war, or like [IH.iv.236.]
Electors,
butmorepowerfull
thenanyof themin the
Saxony.His pedigree
is derivedfrom PeterColum
Conrade dividing th
Nurnberg, and foure o
Order of the Teutonike
OF THE
MARGRAVE
OF
BRANDENBURG
John,Marquis
of
3 u
cr o
A.D.
1605-17.
-.1
V
OJ J
thersCommandement,
yeeldedthe Electorship
O rt
e S
3 -3
1464.
uri <u
S~T3
" C3
H> 4J
rt
ctf 1
2 S
13--S
u >">
"8 -G
" "
Frederick Marquisse
and Elector going into
Palestine,did yeeld the
Electorship to his brother Albert, and died in
0 S2 o
B 2 4J_ theyeere1470.
g CC
C3 rrt "-
en 2 M
-c u e.S
o "- c.2
">
^ M
^y^
u Kr>
of)' "^
PQU uT J" U
W ^ O 1C
-<
"
Q.
rt -o ";:
-c c -S
^ rt
Albert,
Marquisse
andElector,calledthe
O i=l y
Achilles of Germany,
^ -5 ^
<u
overcame
the
battels,andin theninth
being overcome, pro-
misedthempeace.He-
Citizens
of Nurnberg in eight
PQ u
n SC rt
"*"uh
. T3 -S
rt
357
rt
r^
*>.*^
Q-5
C ^_>
..r.
v o
"j2 u O E 4J
u
o
A.D.
FYNES
MORYSON'S
ITINERARY
1605-17.
( Cassimiremarried the_
daughter to the D. of"
Bavaria,
hedied1577.
William Bishop of
Regenspurg,
died1563.
AlbertMr. of theTeutonikeOrder,beingovercome by the King of
Poland, was made D. of
in banishment
in theyeere1557.
Marie
married
to
Frederick
ElectorPalatine,died 1567.
Geo. Fred,recovered
Prussia
fromtheK. ofPoland,
& tookit in
Fee 1578. He married Elizabeth
of Brandeburg
1558,andSophia,
daughterto the D. of Brunswick
I. 1579. He hadfivesisters.
extinguished,and founded
the Universitie at Konigs-
berg,he died1568.
asGeorgeFrederickhis unclesson
Joachim
thefirst,Elecat Franckfort
uponViadrus,in theyere1506;he mariedElizabeth,
the
Dukeof Meckelburg,
andshe
died 1591. Besides males and
females
dying
young.
Joachim
thesecond,
Elector,
for
killinga Turk, hada Military
Denmark,
anddied1535.
parthewas
firme,
andobtained
life
daughter
to the King of
Anna,marriedto the
Kingof Denmark
Frederick the first,died 1521.
Ursula
married
to
the
Girdleof Charles
thefift,towhose
for thecaptiveElectorof Saxony,_
hedied1571.
Duke
of
"<joinedwithMauritius
Elector
of
another
UrsulaPomerania;
to
the
Saxonyagainstthe Emperour,he
Dukeof Meckelburg.
died1570.
Albert Archbishop and
Elector of Mentz &
Cardinall
Mar-
Elector
Palatine
appeased.
firet
lizabeth
tothe
to George
Duke
of
Marquis
Pomer
of
He died 1545.
Brandeburg. And Catherineto &c.
358
OF THE
MARGRAVE
OF
Bythedaughter
of the
BRANDENBURG
A.D.
1605-17.
By hisfirstwifeSophia
Teuton
Order
was
extinguished,
andof the
the Electorship,
at this time
succession
in Prussia is
ofGermany.
deceived)
hadat this timea
secondwife, the daughterof the
Duke of Wirteberg.
By Sabinadaughterto George
Marquis of Brandeburgmarried
Johannes
Georgius 1547,and dying1574. Hee
the Elector then had threedaughters,
Ermund
living,bornein the_ married
to JohnFrederick
D.~
yeere 1525.
ofPomern.
to
-O
u
-o
Barbaramariedto
the D. of Breganin
Silesia.
the
eldest
brother
D.
of
Pomern,and Sophiamarriedto
Christian Elector of Saxony
1582.
Elizabetha Magdalena
married
to
Otho
D. of Lune-
O burg.
ByElionora
daughter
to the
Prince of Anhalt married 1577,
Hedvigis maried
to Julius, Duke of
Brunswick.
Sophiamarried to
the Barren
of Rosen-
burg Viceroyin 67
yeeres
old,hehad
adaughter,
besides two other daughters
Bohemia, 1564.
formerly begotten.
359
A.D.
FYNES
MORYSON'S
ITINERARY
1605-17.
f
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ftr*
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Electors. The secondamongthe SpirituallElectorsis the Archbishopof Mentz, which Seate,when I passedthrough
Germany,waspossessed
by Wolfgang of the nobleFamily
of Dalberg, and all his Kinsmen,dwelling neareHeidel-
waspossessed
by John(if I mistakenot his name)of the
Noble Family of Schonburg. And whereasthe other
Electorsdwell in the citieswhereofthey arenamedfor the
most part, his continuall abodewas at the castleErbrotsteine,seatednearethe Rheine,somehalfe daiesjourney
360
"
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CO
en
*pq
oI JI If
it.jg
8 g g
fatherouto
ter to the
beforeI p
Lodwic
Marpurg,
o 2;
-.2 S
inheritanc
ter
tothe
Mansfield
CL)
cu
lived,but
^3
O O' ' ,
rt > having
ha
^W "O
l_ TJ
S CJ
p c ^ :r*"rt rt
g
William
tu
1541,anda
cj rt
Dormstat,
Q1
"S bB
3
inherita
C/2
cu aj
but he the
W
a
i-i
cuS*
Agn
m
Geor
3 JO
"
Cw -S g-s
EH
o 'S
uI
fe
;Sn
OH*
-
.t;
to Berna
Anna
m
died
158
Barbara
pelgard.
Elizab
-c
S.SH|
^CO*
4-i C3
^ci
-a
Elector P
Christin
s^
v bloud
of D
A.D.
1605-17.
FYNES
MORYSON'S
.-,
>-i-i
6
"e.
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ooXs,
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ITINERARY
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-i
purg was dead without issue; and that his fourth part
of this inheritance was returned to Mauritius, eldest sonne
to William.
thereof
became absolute
Princes.
At
that time
OF
THE
LANDGRAVES
OF
HESSE
A.D.
1605-17.
beginne
withit. TheMargraves
of Brandeburg
wereof Nurn6erS
old Burgravesof Nurnberg,till Frederickethe fourth
363
A.U.
1605-17.
FYNES
MORYSON'S
ITINERARY
The
Nurnberg. At this day the Margraveof Anspach,
being
Margrave
of of that Family,calshimselfeBurgraveof Nurnberg,but
he beganne
to build, complained
to the Emperourof that
wrong, and obtainedletters to commandthe Margraveto
build no further, but he not onelydisobeyedthoseletters,
but built the samewith more speedand strength. Now
OF
THE
CITY
COMMONWEALTHS
A.D.
1605-17.
witnesses
requiredby the Civill Law. Out of this great
Counsell,the new Senateis yeerelychosen,andwhen the
time of Election is at hand, this great Counselnamesa
Consull and a Scabine, of the Gentlemen called ancient,
or out of the cheefe of the next Order ; and in like sort
Senate,
and assooneas they are chosen,they nameamong
themselvesthose that are called ancient, which are com-
Senate
of theancient,asalsothe CaptainesandTreasurers.
To be a Doctor of the Civill Law, makes a Gentleman, TheDoctor:
or anyother,to be uncapeable
of a Senators
place. But f^f
whenin dificult casesthey needethe adviseof Doctors,
they sendtwo Senatorsto consult with them, who relate
their judgment to the Senate. For this cause, and
because
all judgmentsare accordingto equity, not after
the strictLaw, therebe feweDoctorsin that Citty, neither
have they many Advocates; the Senategiving stipend
only to foure, who pleadall causes. Yet the Citty intertainessomeDoctors, to advisethem, as I formerly said,
& to assist them in judgment, exhibiting the causein [III. iv.241.]
writing, as also to be Ambassadors.To the said 34
Gentlemen, 8 Plebeans are added, which make the said
A.D.
FYNES
MORYSON'S
ITINERARY
1605-17.
equallgovernement.Of theseGentlemen
governingthe
Citie, they have(asI haveheard)twenty eight honourable
Families or there about. And of the said thirty foure
Gentlemenof the Senate,eight are called the Ancient,
who like old soldiers are freed from service, the other
Scabines
judge capitallcauses(first examinedby the whole
Senate)as the Consulsjudge Civill causes. And theyso
divide the yeere betweenethem, as eachof them for a
moneth
is Consult
or Scabine.
sevenmen, who have the greatestauthority, and determine all secretsof State, and to them the Treasurersmake
OF
THE
CITY
COMMONWEALTHS
A.D.
1605-17.
beingas Secretaries,
and they have sixe Clerkesto write
underthem. All the Senatorshavetheir severallstipends
out of the common
Treasure.
Each
Crownes.
A.D.
FYNES
MORYSON'S
ITINERARY
1605-17.
dead,suspected,
or absent. ThesesupremeTutors provide, that the moneisof pupils be put forth to use,and
that the profit returnesto the pupills. They receivethe
by the greatSenate,
consisting
of thosethreeOrders: but
in causes
of Religion,theCity is subjectto thejurisdiction
of the Bishopof Tilling. This City hath manynoble
and rich Merchants,whereofmanyhavepriviledgesof
368
OF
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CITY
COMMONWEALTHS
A.D.
1605-17.
Barrons,
andsomeof Earles; andamongthem,thechiefe
Familyis of the Fuggari,famouslyknowne,beingat this TheFamlyo
timebothboyes
andmensome
thirtyin number,
andthe Fuatt-
369
2A
A.D.
FYNES
MORYSON'S
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1605-17.
duringthe same,curiouslyobservingwhatbusinesse
they
have.
Strasburg.
tributesandtaxesaresogreat,asI haveheardtheCitizens
[III.iv.243.] professe,that they yeerelypay one doller in a thousand,
for the valueof their movableand alsounmoveable
goods,
(whereinthe full value of Land, not the yeerelyrent,is
reckoned),and that if any fraud be detected,in the last
Testament,or otherwise,the heire or the party offending
(if heelive) is deepelyfinedfor the same. While I passed
through the City, they hadbegun a warrewith the Duke
of Loraine, about the choiceof their Bishop,whichwarre
they had unprovidentlydenounced,beforethey hadlevied
Souldiers, or made provisions to make it, so as their terri-
OF
THE
CITY
COMMONWEALTHS
A.D.
1605-17.
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MORYSON'S
ITINERARY
1605-17.
causeof freedome
areeasilydrawneto givemutuallaide),
they have made warresagainst the Kings of Denmarke
with good successe. Lubecke is commendedfor just
government, (not to speakeof their hospitality, very
faire and uniforme buildings, and the very pleasantseate
of the Towne). It is governedby the civill Law, andby
statutesmade by the Senate; as also somemadeby the
[III.iv.244.] consentof the confederatecities. No appealeto Universitiesor to the Chamberof the Empire is admitted,
except the causebe above the value of five hundred
dollers. They lately madesumptuaryLawes,restraining
the number of guestsand dishesin Feasts,with penalties
according to the excesse. The Citizens yeerelychuse
twenty new Senators,and this Senatorchusethof their
number foure Consuls,with a Judge skilfull in the civill
Lawes. These Magistratesdefine all civill and criminal
causes,the wholeSenatefirst examiningthem, andjudgementsaregiven by commonconsentwith the dooresshut:
but when any capitalljudgementis to be executed,at the
day appointedto the Malefactor,and the very houreheis
the Senators,
twogatherthe rents,othershavecareof the
wines,(which are sold in a publike houseto publike use,
no private man beingallowedto makethat gaine),others
oversee
the buildings,that theybe uniformeandstrongly
372
OF
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CITY
COMMONWEALTHS
A.D.
1605-17.
suspected,
to approvethis coursefor their ownegaine.
Brunswickan ImperiallCity, worthily to be numbredBrunswuke.
373
A.D.
FYNES
MORYSON'S
ITINERARY
1605-17.
the South.
And
howsoever
TheDukei
of
Brunswick
pedegree
fromoneroot,namely,
fromthe old familyof
andof
commanding
a mostampleTerritory),beingproscribe
by theEmperour,andfor a time living asa banished
man
died
in Brunswicic
CL cr
n 2L
*t o* t-C
hrj
f5 ^3
*i
~fn.
3.0-a.
be* O ^
William
~r
g-
"
2^
^" hi a
*+
Ij S^
S-
j.
p; n
^x u
fQ Q
A.D.
FYNES
MORYSON'S
ITINERARY
1605-17.
From Bernard
OthoLordof Harburg,
descendOtho, who
exhibitedthe Re-_
formedConfession
at Augsburgand
died1549.
--
Francis
of the re-
two daughters
no
heiresmales,and
died1549.
William
Henry mariedthe
daughter
of rheD. ofthe-
lowerSaxony,
dwelling
at Angria.
the Vic-
his
Uncle
Fred-
erick possessed
the-
Dukedomeof Bruns-
wick, which
Daughter to Christian
his
King of Denmarke.
died 1482.
376
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2 H^ 2 ^i
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a. a.
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333
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f~l3 3 n S
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third
ft. <^
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3 2
oo-^
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branch
i^
?3 3 c
with
The
second
n
branch
like
A.D.
1605-17.
FYNES
MORYSON'S
.2
ITINERARY
C *i
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^ ^ &"S,-"5
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3 Q ? S.
A.D.
FYNES
MORYSON'S
ITINERARY
1605-17.
TheDuke
of
Brunswick.
Castle,within the little City Wolfenbeiten,
lessethena
passage
that way,whenat the marriageof the Dukewith
the sisterto the King of Denmarke,
theCitizensof Brunswickedischarged
somegreatPeeces
of Artillery in honour
of the marriage,yet sogreatare the jealousies
betweene
the Duke andthem, asheetookeit in ill part, andshaking
OF
THE
DUKES
OF
BRUNSWICK
A.D.
1605-17.
neighborDukes,bearingthe title of the City, yet they Lun^urSneitherdwell in the City, nor medlewith the government
therof, but abide at Cella, and at Sethern, some twelve
miles distant, and in other Cities of that Province,
A.D.
FYNES
MORYSON'S
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1605-17.
covenanted
tributesto his Minister residingin the City.
from the Senateto the King of Poland. This City consistsof threeCities,vulgarlycalledReichstat,Furstat,&
Altstatt (that is, the City of the Kingdome,the fore City,
and the old City), and eachhath his gates,and his Senate,
and the Consul! may be chosenout of either Senate,so
as for the time of his Office, he residein the cheefeCity,
called Reichstatt.
Here
be the furthest
limits
of the
OF
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CITY
COMMONWEALTHS
A.D.
1605-17.
Merchants,
forcedin thoseflatsto expectthe returneof
the tide. And generally it was thought that Emden
would joine in league with the united Provinces of
Netherland,but asyet it remainedunder the Empire, not
freeby priviledge,nor yet subjectto the Count of Emden.
This Count at this time had two sonnesby the daughter
of theKing of Suetia,andhowsoever
hisyoungerbrother
by the love of his mother, had obtainedthe best part of
the inheritance,yet he had no children, nor was thought
likely to haveany, soasno doubt wasthen made,but that
the whole inheritance
to the
Chap. V.
[III.iv.249-]
Of the Common-wealth of Sweitzerland,according
to the divers subjectsof the former Chapters.
He Sweitzers derived of divers peoples
(and among others of the Schwalenand
Friselanders),howsoeverthey be Germans
both in languageand manners,yet becausethe old Gallesgave them a seat at
the foote of the Alpes, they were
accountedGalles(or French)till the time
of Julius Caesar. In the Commentariesof Caesar,wee
find their Commonwealth divided into foure Communities,
A.D.
FYNES
MORYSON'S
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1605-17.
Caesarovercome them, and contained them at home. And
from that time to the daies of Charles the Great, and so
extreame
hatred,soastheywereforcedto combinethemselvesin mutuall leagueagainstthis oppression: yet the
commonpeoplehad never daredto opposethemselves
to
the Gentry, if the Empire had enjoiedpeace: But when
of Allegiance,
asheartned
ambitious
Traitorsto becompetitors againstthe Emperours,yea, stirred up their
Kinsmenandtheir very Childrento makecivill warrewith
them: in this confusedAnarchy, a Patron was not want-
OF
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COMMONWEALTH
A.D.
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leagues
for defence
of absoluteliberty: andservingdivers
Emperoursin the Papall tumults, from time to time
obtainedgreatpriviledges. Then they drew other Communitiesand neighbour Cities to be partners of their
leagues.Finally,aftertheyhadrootedout theFamiliesof
Gentlemen,and had by conspiracycast out the Governoursof the Arch-Dukesof Austria (to whom the Lordshipof Sweitzerlandwas fallen),they in processeof time
attainedthis absolute State, which we see them enjoy at
'
The communities
arevulgarly calledOrts, and by the Thirtcene
Italians
Cantons
of theSweitzers,
(aswewill hereafter
callCantonsthem),and they are thirteene in number. Among these
Cantons,the Urii (commingfrom the Taurisci) the Suitii
(comming
from the Cimbri)the Undervaldii(of the race
of banishedRomans) about the yeere 1308, made a
mutuall leaguefor ten yeeres,and having overcomein
battellLeopold Arch-Duke of Austria, in the yeere1315,
madethis leagueperpetuall. Lucernathe fourth Canton,
385
2B
A.D.
FYNES
MORYSON'S
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1605-17.
of Austria,and so desiredfreedome,
asthey yeelded
up
Canton. Scaphusen
an Imperiallcity, first soldor ingaged
to the houseof Austria,andagaineunitedto the Empire,
whentheDukeof Austriawasproscribed
in theCounce
386
OF
THE
SWISS
COMMONWEALTH
A.D.
1605-17.
Canton. Abbatiscella
vulgarlycalledApinzill, containing
eightVillages,after it had obtainedfreedomefrom the
Abbotof SaintGallusby Armes and mony, hadwarr with
thehouseof Austria about the yeare 1408, at which time
it madea leaguewith the Cantons,and after provoked
by the injuries of the saidAbbot, in the yeare 1452, it
madea perpetuallleaguewith the seavenfirst Cantons,
and at last in the yeare 1513 becamethe thirteenth
Canton.
And
howsoever
A.D.
FYNES
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1605-17.
communities,
(wheroftwo usetheLanguageof Germany,
the rest the Languageof the country,being corrupt
Italian),whichthe yearefollowingjoined in leaguewith
the cantons. The third leaguecalledthe tennejudg-
ments, (or jurisdictions) & consisting of tenne communities joined in the league with the Cantonsin the
yeare 1498, and at the sametime the houseof Austria
preparingwar againstthe Rhetians,they all jointly made
a perpetuallleagueof fellowshipwith all the Cantons.
In the fourth placethe seaventenths of the Valesians,
and the Bishopof SeduneEarle of Valesia,for the controversiesof religion in our time, madea perpetuallleague
of fellowshipwith seavenCantonsof the RomanReligion,
Lucerna, Uria, Suitia, Undervaldia, Tugium, (vulgarly
Zug), Friburg, and Solodurum,(vulgarly Solothurne).
The Towne Rotevilla in the fifth place,madea perpetuall leagueof fellowshipwith all the Cantons,in the
yeere1519; but becauseit is seatedin Germany,out of
the confines of the mountainous Sweitzerland, caution
was made that without the consent of the Cantons,they
OF
THE
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COMMONWEALTH
A.D.
1605-17.
A.D.
FYNES
MORYSON'S
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1605-17.
sold to
turnes.
leagues. indulgences.
Likewiseat theendof theSweitzers
league
with the king of FraunceLewisthe twelfth,in theyeare
1509,PopeJulius the secondin the yeare1510made
leaguewith the Sweitzers,
but the soldiersleviedunder
thepayof PopeJulius,perceiving
that he delt notdirectly
and truly with them, imploying them to expell the king
OF
THE
SWISS
COMMONWEALTH
A.D.
1605-17.
sudenly
into their country,and beingdismissed
without
pay,they ceasednot with many threatningsto storm
againstthe Pope. Yet in the yeer 1511 the samePope
Julius being overcome by the French, he called the
Sweitzersagain to his aide, who sent him an Army of
Defender
of the Church,& diversBannerschargedwith
diversImages,and a Cap for signe of liberty, with a
sword. Also Maximilianus Sfortia by their aide being
thenput into the possession
of the Dukedomeof Milan,
madeleaguewith the Sweitzers,and gave them the foresaideGovernmentsin Italy. Also Pope Leo the tenth in
the yeere 1515, joyned himselfe to the league, made
betweene
the Emperour Maximilian, and SfortiaDuke of
Milan, and the Sweitzers,against the King of France.
Lastly, Pope Clement the eight, sitting in the chaire of
Romewhen I passedthrough Italy, had alsoleaguewith
the Sweitzers.
aleague
with eight Cantons,
(whereinmentionis madeof
the said leagueswith the Insubres),and he granted to
the Urii, that they should possesse
the Lepontian Valley,
for which they were to sendunto the Duke yeerelyfoure
Hawkesand a Crosse-bow: Moreover he grantedto the
eight Cantons,that in his Dukedome they should bee
freefromall impositions
andtaxes. Afterwardstheseand
otherheads
of that league,wereconfirmed
andrenewed
[nI-lv-2S3-]
by the Duke his successours:And FerdinandGonzaga
A.D.
FYNES
MORYSON'S
ITINERARY
1605-17.
The
Burgundian
of Burgundy,andlong continuingwarreswith theHouse
and
Austrian
Qf Austfi
hj h a(.jast wer endedin lea^
andfr;end_
if (2fllf
ship. The first warre of Burgundy beganin the yeere
Sweitzerswith moneyto makethat warre: And Sigismund Duke of Austria more to incouragethe Sweitzers,
OF
THE
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COMMONWEALTH
A.D.
1605-17.
That neither
A.D.
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1605-17.
part should burthen the other with customesor impositions. At this time in the yeere 1474, many neighbour
Princes, Cities, and Bishops, did joine themselvesin
Emperors
and that he shouldconfirmethis league. This wasdone
renew the
Leagueof
Austria.
succeeding
him in the Empire,renewedtheLeagueof the
House
PhillipKing
of Austria.
of
Spaine King of Spaineresidedat Friburg, and Philip King of
renewes the
Leagues
of Spaine,
sonne
to Charles,
had(asI understood
by
Sweitzersof goodcredit)renewedthe Leaguesof BurBurgundy
of Solothurn
with-drew
themselves
from this League,because
the King of France
was indebted to them, which debt the King of Spaine
394
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THE
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COMMONWEALTH
A.D.
1605-17.
foote:
at the
same time
the
Cantons
and
Fellowes
in
Lucerna,(wherethe PopesAmbassadours
alsoreside,of Savoy.
whoseLeaguesfor yeereswe formerly spake.) The old
Allobroges,now called Savoyans,had old Leagueswith
theCantonsof Bern,Friburg, andSolothurn: but Charles
otherthings,it wascovenanted,
that the Dukeshouldaide
the Sweitzers with sixe hundred
should
with
sixe
A.D.
1605-17.
FYNES
MORYSON'S
ITINERARY
league.
of o\ usec}
to resideat Bazil)andtheleagueof theFrench
Kings with the Sweitzers,is of farregreatermomentthen
any of the rest. The first of the Frenchthat madewarre
with the Sweitzers,was Lewis the French Kings sonne
(after the eleventh King of that name)who leadingan
Army to assistPope Eugeniusin dissolvingthe Councell
at Bazill, was perswadedby the Emperour Fredericketo
assailethe Sweitzers,but a smallnumberof thempossessing straight passages,
did so annoyhis Army, ashe soone
retired. He madepeacewith the Sweitzersin the yeere
1450, and having tried their strength, madeleaguewith
them for ten yeeres. His son Charlesthe eighth in the
yeere1483,renewedthis league,andusedthe Sweitzers
in
his warreswith the Duke of Britany, and for the King-
OF
THE
SWISS
COMMONWEALTH
A.D.
1605-17.
Forhowsoever
the Sweitzerssuspected
the proceeding
of
their confederates,
and purposedto returne home,yet the
PretorianSweitzers
of the Duke of Milan, assailingthe
French,
the restof the Sweitzers,
thoughcalledhome,yet
lesttheyshouldseeme
to forsaketheir companions,
joined
with the Pretorian Sweitzers,and so by art and cunning
drawneto fight, gave the Frencha notableoverthrow,at
whichtime the Sweitzershadthe greatestArmy they ever
broughtinto the field, being 31000 foot: but the French
King Francis, the next day fighting again with the
Sweitzers,
overthrew them, yet so as the retreit (as they
write)wasnothing like a flight: And so the King casting
Sfortia out of the Dukedome of Milan, recovered the
same.
to the
Merchants
of
Sweitzerland.
6. For
of S.Callusandhis subjects,
andto thoseof Toggenburg
600 Frankes,and to the City of S. Gallus 400, to the
Mulhusians 400, to the Gruerians 600, to the Valesians
A.D.
FYNES
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1605-17.
evertheRhetians
or Grisons
by thisleague
serve
theKing
brokenuponanyfraudulentpretence. In thisLeague
the
King exceptsall his confederates,
& the Sweitzers
except
Pope Leo the 10, the Emperor Maximilian, the Empire,
and the House of Austria; and all old leagues: soasif
the King shouldmakewar upon any of thesein their own
countries,it may be free to the Sweitzersto observetheir
leagues
with them,but if anyof themassaile
theKingin
his own Kingdome,the Sweitzersshal not permit anyof
[III.iv.256.] their subjectsto serve them, but shall call them home.
This Leaguewasmadeat Friburg, in the yeere1516,the
monethof November,andupon the day of SaintAndrew.
And the King restednot, till after five yeeressincethis
Peacewas made, he leagued himselfe more strictly at
Lucerna with all the Cantons (that of Zurech only
excepted)and with all their fellowesin league; of which
OF
THE
SWISS
COMMONWEALTH
formerPensions,
give to their Confederates
yeerelyhalfe
asmuch more. In this League the King exceptsPope
Leo the tenth, the Emperour,the Kings of England, Scotlandand Denmark, with other Princes ; and the Sweitzers
A.D.
1605-17.
A.D.
FYNES
MORYSON'S
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1605-17.
inserted,
thattheSweitzers
shalnotservetheKingin any
warrefor the recoveryof any part of the Dukedome
of
Milan : but if the King shallrecoverit with anyother
Henriethesecond,
thesereasons
thereofwerethenalleaged.
First, becausethe Canton of Zurech was then alienated
of a contraryjudgement,becauseSouldierswere not
boundcuriouslyto enquire
afterthecauses
of warre,for
militaryexperience
wasthereby
to beretained
andgained;
400
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THE
SWISS
COMMONWEALTH
A.D.
1605-17.
of three
parts
at home,(not to speake
of the" forraigne
Com"on:
&
wealth
in
\
iriA
r i T-I 11
leagues),
namelyor theCantons,of theJbellowes
in league; gencrall.
Bilitionenses
are subjectto the threeold Cantons. All
thesejoined, have these Cities and Townes, Zurech,
Bern,Lucern,Zug, Bazill, Friburg, Solothurn,Schafhusen, the Towne of S. Gallus, Chur of the Grisons,
Sedun of the Valesians, Rotevil, Mulhuse, & Bipenne,
401
2c
A.D.
FYNES
MORYSON'S
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1605-17.
Veragri: And Rotevile is a city of Germany,andMulhuse of the Sequaviin France. Among the governements, the Rhegusciand the Sarunetes,are of the old
Rhetians,andthe Luganenses,the Locarnenses,
the Mendrisii, and the Inhabitantsof the middle Valley, andthe
Bilitionii, are of the Lepontii, an Italian Nation, which
tongue they speake. Many doubt to numbertheseconfederatesamong common-wealths,
since eachof themis
no otherwisetied to the decreesof the other, thenby free
consent,asall private societiesare, whereasin a commonwealth the greaterpart binds all: yet becausethey have
one common councell, and most of the Provincesare ruled
thereby, becausewarre and peace is made by common
forme of a common-wealth
: for whereassomehatingthe
nation,objectAnarchyto them,and saythey got freedome
by killing the Gentlemen; andothersinterpretingit more
mildly, and confessingthe oppressionof the Gentlemen,
yet judge the revengeto have exceededall measure,the
truth thereof will appeareby the History of Semlerand
others, shewing that great part of the Gentry was
extinguished
by theHouseof Austria. Therefore
it must
be a mixt commonwealth,(if suchit may be called)being
neithera Monarchy
(of onejustKing)Aristocraty
(ofjust
Suitii,
Undervaldii,
scattered,
andZug, (thoughit be a Towne),governeall
402
OF
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COMMONWEALTH
A.D.
1605-17.
by thecheefe
men; but sincethe Magistratesarechosen
by the people,someof theseCitiesaremore,somelesse
Aristocraticall,or popular. The Ambassadourssent to
publike meetingshave Aristocraticall forme, but since
theyarechosenby the peoplewith limited power,it may
seemepopular: And it is not unequall that the people
apparant,
it will not be amisseto perusesomeof the heads
of the leaguebetweenthe eight old Cantons. Therin
first is cautioned,of sendingmutuall aides,so asfirst in
publikecounsellthe justnesof the warremay be examined.
Thenthe aidesare not to be requiredof all, but of each
particular Canton, according to their mutuall leagues.
Zurechby old leaguehathright to requireaidesof the first
sixCantons,andby a newleaguealsoof Bern. And Bern
requiresaide of the threefirst Cantons,and they of Bern.
Lucernarequiresaide of five Cantons. The three first
Cantonsrequire mutuall aidesof one another,and of all
the rest. Zug and Lucerna are bound to aide the five
Cantons. Glaronarequiresaide of the threeold cantons,
andZurech. Thus while oneCantoncalsthe next joined
to it in league,howsoever
eachonecannotrequireaid of
all or eachone by right of league,yet in any common
A.D.
FYNES
MORYSON'S
ITINERARY
1605-17.
and determine
the affaires
of
the common-
whenall theAmbassadours
(thatis, chosen
Burgesses
of
OF
THE
SWISS
COMMONWEALTH
A.D.
1605-17.
or peace,
onelythe Ambassadors
of the thirteeneCantons
beingcommonly
calledto counsell: Al Ambassadors
have
equalright in giving voices,but two or morebeingsent
from one Canton, have but one voice.
In causes con-
States)
of thoseCantonsmeet,to whomthe governement
belongs,and so the Burgessesof all other severallyfor
things belonging to themselves: but where the cause
concernes
the publike State, the full Senateof all the
Cantonsis called to the meeting. Sincethe late differencesof Religion, new and particular meetings have
beeneinstituted. The Cantonsof the RomanReligion,
Uria, Suitia, Undervaldia, Lucerna, and Zug, joined
in a more strict league; doe often meete together,
& when any man names the five Cantons simply,
they meane them, not the five old cantons, howsoever
of sending,receiving,& answeringAmbassadors,
of
governments,
of distributing gainefull Offices,of difficult
causesreferred to the Senate by Governors, & of
appealesmade from Governours to the Senate. Ambassadours
(or Burgessesin place of Judges) are sent
about the moneth of June, to heare the causesof
405
A.D.
FYNES
MORYSON'S
ITINERARY
1605-17.
where also they deliberateof customes& impositions, & the revenues,and if needbe of punishingthe
Governours, or displacing them, (in which casethe
expences,
asthe FrenchAmbassador
doth. The ful Senate
yeerlymeetsaboutSeptember
at Baden,aboutwhichtime
I saidthat Burgesses
in placeof Judgesaresentto heare
the causes
of the Italiangovernments:And in thisfirst
meeting,the greatestcausesare not determined,either
406
OF
THE
SWISS
COMMONWEALTH
A.D.
1605-17.
because
theAmbassadours
(or Burgesses,
or States),
have
not full power,or for othercauses,
but anothermeeting
is there appointed,and howsoeverthis Senateis onely
calledfor publikecauses,
yet thosebeingended,theyuse
to heare private causes also.
Burgesses
or Statesat the appointedday cometo the City,
theBurgesse
of Zurechsendsthe Vice-governor
of Baden
to salutethem, & to acquaintthemwith the time of meeting. Then they sit downein the Court, first the Burgesses
of Zurechin a placeraisedhigher then the rest: 2. Those
The
A.D.
FYNES
MORYSON'S
ITINERARY
1605-17.
samecommonLawesandcustomes,
whichtheyinviolably
to
Abbotof SaintGallusattempted
to removetheteade
of
408
OF
THE
SWISS
LAWS
A.D.
1605-17.
satisfied
in theJudgements
Lawesandcustomes
of another
Canton. That all bootiesin warrebe divided amongthe
Cantons,
according
to the numberof Souldiers
whicheach
of themsent,but that Townes,Tributes, and like things
gainedby warre, shalbe under the commoncommandof
409
A.D.
FYNES
MORYSON'S
ITINERARY
1605-17.
The Common-wealth
is administredwith greatequity,
excesse,
are proneto brawlingand blowes,mostheavy
penaltiesare therebyinflicted upon suchas are Authours
and our
OF
THE
Lawes
were
SWISS
DUELS
accommodated
to
A.D.
1605-17.
the
Sweitzers
way,andmostinjurieshavecommonlybeenerevengedby
the Sword in single combat: But in Switzerland all
standersby are bound to keepethe peace,and compose
thestrife,andif they who strive, being remembredof the
Lawes,doe not obey, they use to punish them most
severely; and if any kill another, he is sure to be
beheaded,
excepthe escapeby flight, (in which casehe shall
bebanishedby his owne and all other Cantons)or except
he canprove by witnes that he killed him in defenceof
himselfe.
determined
by the Governours
and Judgesof the place,
yet so, as appealeis granted from them to the common
A.D.
FYNES
MORYSON'S
ITINERARY
1605-17.
Citizens, who are absolved in that case from their oath
chosen
by thoseBurgesses,
andsohe be a Citizenof any
oneCanton,it is not required,that he shouldbe of either
OF
THE
SWISS
JUDGEMENTS
AD.
1605-17.
yeres,
whois chosento be of the commonCounsell; and
at Zurechno strangeris ever chosento be a Senatoror
Judge; and by Commonlaw, no Homicide, Adulterer or
infamouspersonfor any crime, may be of the Senate.
In all the Cantons,they are no lessecarefullto prevent
damagesby fier, then to keepe out their enemies; for
whichcausethey hire watchmento walke the streetesby
night,and Belmento tell the howers,and in someplaces,
asthe Towne of Saint Gallus, they have nightly thirty
two Watchmen, and chuse Citizens to visit the chimnies
chance,
seethat all things be done in order, and that no
tumult be raisedupon such occasions,to which end they
appoint some to quench the fier, and draw others in armes
hee is
A.D.
FYNES
MORYSON'S
ITINERARY
1605-17.
The publike Edicts are yeerelyin theseCantonsconfirmed or abrogatedby the Voicesof the commonpeople.
And in the Towne of Friburg and the Territory, if a
debter pay not his debt, the Creditor sendscertaine
servants and horses to the publike Inne, the charge
whereof is paid by the debter, till he satisfiehis Creditor.
Besidesin any controversie,if suretiesbe thrisedemanded
of any man, andhe bring not in surety (or caution),heis
punished with banishment, and the same punishment is
OF
THE
SWISS
WARFARE
A.D.
1605-17.
occasion
to speakeof the commonlawesmoreat large in
the discourseof the severall Common-wealthsamong
them.
Princes,
doemanifestly
shewthat theyprofesse
MercenaryW<"fare.
Armes,no lesse,yeamuch more, then the Germans: For
whereas
the Germansare hired for presentservicein time
of warre,thesemen besidesthat pay, must have ample
pensionsin time of peace,as their leaguewith France
especially
sheweth. In this they differ, that the Sweitzers
onelysendaidesof foote, but the Germansare hired both
horse and foote.
A.D.
FYNES
MORYSON'S
ITINERARY
1605-17.
Sweitzers
servingthe Duke, upontheir Captaines
instigation, mingledthemselves
with theSweitzers
on theFrench
side,asif they had beenboth of oneArmy, sayingthey
would departhome. And that the Duke couldwith no
416
OF
THE
SWISS
WARFARE
A.D.
1605-17.
Guicciardine
in the Actions
of the
byreasonof the barrensoile,ratherGrasiersthenPloughmen. Of old they were subjectto the Princesof Austria,
417
2D
A.D.
FYNES
MORYSON'S
ITINERARY
1605-17.
poundedto themselves
otherendsthenthegaineof mony,
by the love wherof being made abject, they havelost
theoccasion
to become
fearefullto all Italy : for sincethey
in their publikemeetings,andsopublikeCounsels
being
referredto private profit, they areapt to be corrupted,and
by degreesfall at discordamongthemselves,
with great
lessning of the reputation they had gotten among
strangers. He addes,that the Sweitzers,at the Popes
instigation, armedagainst the French in Milan, as if it
were onely the act of Suitia and Friburg, who pretended
OF
THE
SWISS
WARFARE
A.D.
1605-17.
of Genoa,andvictorieagainstthe Venetians,
they began
to proceede
insolentlyin the affaireswith Princes; that
the FrenchKing Francisthe first then wooed them, and
to haveaudience,
gavethemthe Fortsof Luganaandof
Lugarna(with suchindignitiedid Princesthenseeketheir
A.D.
FYNES
MORYSON'S
ITINERARY
'605-17.
aspossessing
the Arch-Dukedome
of Austria; with the
Kings of Spaineas Arch-Dukesof Austria by title, as
420
OF
THE
SWISS
WARFARE
A.D.
1605-17.
And in
expensive
leagues,rather lest their enemiesshouldbe
strengthened
by their entire aides,then for any profit
themselves
can reapethereby.
theMountaines
andcraggieplacesof their Country: but
when they make their owne warre out of their owne
confines,their confederates
areby leaguebound to supply
421
A-D.
1605-17.
FYNES
MORYSON'S
ITINERARY
confederates
only expectauxiliary Bandsof foot from
them. The RomanBoteruswrites, that in his judgement
the Sweitzers can make six score thousand
to the warres.
All Citizens
caleivers,
ashenpikes18 footelong, halbards,long twohandedswords(which they carry on their shoulders,and
OF
THE
SWISS
WARFARE
A.D.
1605-17.
All
follow
The Urii
Germany,whocalling themselves
brothers,yet bring home
morewoundsand scarresfrom their private quarrels,then
fromthe Enemy. It is a capitallcrimewith the Sweitzers,
deserving
Cantons
andprivatemen. Theyjustly giveall
423
A.D.
1605-17.
FYNES
MORYSON'S
ITINERARY
squared
bodyof foote,is thebestformeof battelto resist
horsemen,& that therebythey having no horse,did overthrow the French horse at Novaria ; and when for want of
wealths.
absolutpowerwithin themselves.Among themsuchas
13 Cantonsin
threeformes.
Thesixe
Among thoseof the first forme dwelling in Villages,I
Townes
and named Glarona, Abatiscella, (vulgarly Apenzill) and
Villages
oftheTugium(vulgarlyZug),for howsoever
theyhaveTownes,
first forme.
OF
THE
SWISS
CANTONS
A.D.
1605-17.
The
highest
poweris in the generallmeetingof the people,to
whichall areadmittedof foureteeneor sixteeneyeeresage,
andthey meetein the middest of the territory, or in the
chiefeVillage of the canton,and there is first chosenthe
Amman,in most placesfor two yeeres,and out of all the
people,of what part or convent soeverhe be : but at
Apenzill he must remove his dwelling to the Towne,
wherepublike counselsuse to be held, and there abide
during his office. And at Zug he is chosenout of the
convents
by order& course,andfor the time of his Office
mustdwell in the city. Next to the Amman, they chuse
his Deputy called Statthalter, then the Treasurer called
Seckelmeister,that is, Master of the Purse, then the
425
A.D.
FYNES
MORYSON'S
ITINERARY
1605-17.
OF
THE
SWISS
CANTONS
A.D.
1605-17.
causes
are to be propoundedbeforethe Senate,and this
Officeis perpetuall. Of Consistories,and Matrimoniall,
and Spirituall causes,handled in other Courts, I shall
speake
hereafterin the Chapterof Religion. Capitall
causesalmost in all these Cantons are judged by the
Senate,
or publike Counsell,and that commonlydoubled,
theAmmanof the Canton,or his Deputy beingPresident.
At Zug Assessors
out of eachConvent or part are associatedto the Senate,and they sit in a publike place,where
all menmay beholdthe Judges,andhearetheir sentences
:
For the Courts of Judgementsin the prefecturesor
governements,commonly a Deputy Governor, and
Assessors,
arechosenof the Inhabitants,to joyne with the
Governour, and they determine as well of civill as
criminallcauses,and theseGovernoursin someplacesare
chosenfor three yeeres. SomeVillages have municipall
rights under the Cantons,and there they chuseMagistratesout of their owneVillage, yet they yerelycravethis
priviledgeat the publike meeting,and it is grantedthem
asa singular favour. And someof theseVillages have
alsotheir peculiarBannersand Ensignes; but they beare
them not where the great and common Banner of the
Cantonis displaied.
In the secondplace are the Cantons (as formerly is Fours
Townes
shewed)
over whichthe Townescommaund
not divided ftlieseconii
into Tribes or Companies,namely,Bern, Lucern, Friburg
andSolothurn,in which it is forbidden by the Law that
they should be divided into Tribes. But the Artisans
A.D.
1605-17.
FYNES
MORYSON'S
ITINERARY
OF
THE
SWISS
CANTONS
A.D.
1605-17.
At
Bern the
A.D.
FYNES
MORYSON'S
ITINERARY
1605-17.
Court of Judgement
hearesthe appeales
madefrom those
to his
hands.
And
at Lucerna
the Senate
theGovernour
beingPresident,
but their sentence
there
given may bee changed,or mitigated by the Senateof
Bern,whichcommandeth
overlargergovernements,
then
any other Canton.
OF
THE
SWISS
CANTONS
A.D.
1605-17.
Senators,
which managethall publike affaires,and things
of greatestmoment. The lesser Counsel! or Senate
from
Also
twelve
A.D.
FYNES
MORYSON'S
ITINERARY
1605-17.
companies
arecalledthe companies
of the Lords or Gentlemen. At Zurech they havea peculiarsocietyof Gentlemen, which hath this priviledge, that halfe as manymore
are choseninto the Senateout of it, as out of any other
tribe. And in this very societyof Gentlemen,thereis
432
OF
THE
CITY
GOVERNMENTS
A.D.
1605-17.
apeculiar
Society,anda privatestoavewhereintheyonely
meete,
andmanyCitizensarejoinedto the wholesociety,
whoneither exerciseany art nor trade of Merchandize;
and because Porters and the baser sort must be numbered
of all kinds
of
of
each Tribe.
weightycauses
belongingto the Commonwealth,
andthe
lesser,which daily sits in judgement. At Zurech the
greaterCounsel!or Senateis or 200 men, and the lesser
dentsof publikeCounsels
in eachof theseCities. And
M. iv
433
2E
A.D.
FYNES
MORYSON'S
ITINERARY
1605-17.
this is common to al these Cities, that each Tribe hath
Exchequeraccountsarereferred. Two Clerkesor Secretaries are present at publike Counsels, with assistants
OF
THE
CITY
GOVERNMENTS
A.D.
1605-17.
Basil
tenJudges,
whoarepartly takenout of the Senate,
partly
Senate
judgeth capitall causes,yet the Consull or Burgomaster is not then President
as at other
times:
but
the
the
controversie
exceed
the
value
of
one
injuriesandvulgarreproches,
for the Senate
determines
of thegreater.
435
A.D.
FYNES
MORYSON'S
ITINERARY
1605-17.
Touchingthe Magistrates
and Officersof theseCities,
the Consulscalled Burgomasters,are of chiefe dignity,
then the Tribunes, then divers Treasurers and Officers
Ofthe
Towne
ofS. m thesedaies: yet he setsGovernours
overmanyplaces,
Gallut.
OF
THE
SWISS
LEAGUES
A.D.
1605-17.
lesser
Senate
are foureand twentySenators,
namelythree
Consuls,nine Senators,and twelve Masters of the Tribes,
of wagesor hires,of victuals,of injuries,andfines,without appeale. The court of Justicefor the City, is of
twelvemen,changedtwiceeachyeere; & from it apeale
437
A.D.
FYNES
MORYSON'S
ITINERARY
1605-17.
that of Zurech.
The
three leagueshave but one common-wealth; for howsoever most placeshavetheir owne Magistrates,andLawes,
or rather customes,and Courts of Justiceaswellfor Civill
ascriminall causes,yet the chiefepoweris in the common
or publike Senateof the three leagues,consistingof the
Burgesses
of the severallconvents,not unlike the generall
Senate
of the Sweitzers,
andthemeetingof all thepeople
is seldomecalled. But they have another Counsellor
Senate
of the chiefemen,namelytheProvinciallJudgeof
the upperleague,the Consullof Chur for the leagueof
the houseof God, & the Ammanof the third leagueof the
ten Jurisdictions,with other chosenmen joined to them,
438
OF
THE
SWISS
LEAGUES
A.D.
1605-17.
Amman,
(whichis thehighestofficerin the Cantons
dwellingin villages).Appeales
areadmittedfromall the severall
convents
to the publike Senateof Valesia,consistingof
Burgesses
chosenby the convents,and this Senatemeetes
at Sedunetwise every yere, and the Bishop sits in that
Counsell,
andthe BailytakestheVoyces. By this Senate[III.iv.275.]
the Common-wealth
is governed,the governours,and
439
A.U.
1605-17.
FYNES
MORYSON'S
ITINERARY
subjectto them.
OftheTowne The Towne of Bipennehaving leaguewith the three
ofBipenne.Cantons,for civill causesacknowledged the Bishop of
Basil, and for Ecclesiasticalljurisdiction is under the
Bishop of Losanna,but hath cast off the yoke of the
Papacy, and obtained immunitie from the Bishop of
Losanna, when that Bishoprick and Citie were taken and
OF
THE
SWISS
LEAGUES
A.D.
1605-17.
of Augia, for no small part of the Citizens were Ecclesiasticallslavesto that Monastery. At this day it gives an
oath to the Lord of Augia, the priviledgesalwaiespreserved,and that Monastery is incorporated to the Bishop-
Cantons
for two yeeres,whojudgeaccording
to the lawesmentsof theseverallpeople,andfor thosebeyondthe Alpes,the
Governourhath assistantsof the Country chosenand
joynedwith him to judge of capitall and more weighty
causes,
but in Civill causeshe judgethalone,thoughsometimes he calles some of the wiser inhabitants
to advise him
A.D.
FYNES
MORYSON'S
ITINERARY
1605-17.
THE
NETHERLAND
COMMONWEALTH
A.D.
1605-17.
to determine
of thingsconcerning
their Common-wealth,
the Commissarynot intermedling therewith.
Chap. VI.
Of the Netherlanders Common-wealth, according
to the foresaid subjects of the former Chapters.
Ower Germany,called of old Belgia, and The
now commonly Netherland (which the Common-
French
name
Pais
has, that is, Low ""!fAf,
. x
.
.....
Netherland
in
Provinces
united
A.D.
FYNES
MORYSON'S
ITINERARY
1605-17.
TheHouse
of
Austria.
of Austria.
Emperourthe fifth of that name,and heire to his Grandfather Maximillian. And Charlesthe Emperour taking
the King of France, Francis the first, prisoner, in the
battellof Pavia,in the yeere1525,forcedhim to renounce
all Soveraignepower over Flaundersand Artois, and to
yeeldthe Rightesof the House of Anjou to the Kingdome
of Naples,andof the House of Orleansto the Dukedome
of Milan, and of Genoa. Charlesdied, and his younger
brother Ferdinand succeeded
him in the Empire, being
T HE
NETHERLAND
COMMONWEALTH
AD.
1605-17.
of the Romans:
owehomage
to the Empire,andtherestto theKing of ProvincesFrance,till they fell into the handsof the powerfull Dukes
of Burgundy,who by divers transactionstooke all rights
from the Kings of France,and becausethe Empire hath
beenever since in the House of Austria, it cannot seeme
caused
the greater,or at least the richer part of these
Provincesto fall from him and his heires. For upon the
first dissention about Religion, Pope Pius the fourth
A.D.
1605-17.
FYNES
MORYSON'S
ITINERARY
ragedagainstthe Professors
of the reformedreligion,&
beheadedthe Prince of Egmond and the Earle or Horn,
both Knights of the golden fleece,and on all sidesproceededbutcherly. In the meane time the Prince of
Orange,(who formerlyhad in vaineperswadedthe Prince
of Egmond to fly) foreseing this tiranny, with other
banishedGentlemen,wasgoneout of Netherland,andfled
to the Princeof Condy in Fraunce. At last the Duke of
Alva, having brought all in subjection, reformed the
policy, and imposedan exactionof the tenth penny,was
recalled into Spaine. whither he retourned with much
treasure he had extorted, and Don Juan of Austria
succeededin that Government, in whose time the fatall
THE
NETHERLAND
COMMONWEALTH
A.D.
1605-17.
valiantly
procuring
thepublikegood,wasin theyeere
9',?afe
1584 traiterously slaine with a bullet by a desperate
Roague,whereuponthe citiesof Flaunderslay opento the
Duke of Parma.
A.D.
FYNES
MORYSON'S
ITINERARY
1605-17.
Nassau.
THE
NETHERLAND
COMMONWEALTH
A.D.
1605-17.
of Friesland.
Massacre.
And
to his meanes.
amisse,
first for conjecture
of the generallestateof Netherland, to write some few things out of Marchantius a
Flemming,
and otherapprovedAuthours,particularlyof
M.iv
449
2 F
A.D.
FYNES
MORYSON'S
ITINERARY
1605-17.
CommonParliament
of the threegenerallStates,
namely,of the
wealthof
Flanders. Clergy,the Nobility, andthe fouremembers,
(in steedof
Villages,whenceGentlemenhavetheir sirnames,andthey
cannot be numbered without
of themhavepossession
given themfrom someof theFeudatory Courts of the Earles of Flanders, and differ in many
THE
NETHERLAND
COMMONWEALTH
A.D.
1605-17.
of Flanders
feud-
A.D.
FYNES
MORYSON'S
ITINERARY
1605-17.
Other
THE
NETHERLAND
COMMONWEALTH
in Flaunders.
Each of
these members is
exempted
fromall confiscation
of goodsby old priviledge,
confirmed
by the EmperourCharlesthe fifth, in the yeere
453
A.D.
1605-17.
A.D.
FYNES
MORYSON'S
ITINERARY
1605-17.
1549. Other Cities, howsoeverthey have their Magistrates, Lawes and Revenewesto themselves, yet in the
THE
NETHERLAND
COMMONWEALTH
A.D.
1605-17.
fees,
andappeales
from feoditaryCourts,whicharejudged
without appeall,in the presenceof the Earle or his Baily,
there being a chaire, cushion, and Sword of estate. Also
meeting
at Lile for threedaies,whojudgewithout appeale
all things touching Receivers,with personalland reall
and Feodaries.
A.D.
FYNES
MORYSON'S
ITINERARY
1605-17.
And the
Countries
the Bailies.
and Cities.
word
And
THE
NETHERLAND
COMMONWEALTH
A.D.
1605-17.
changed
after one or two yeeres,thesecontinuelong in
Office; lastly, they respectthe rights of the people,these
of the Prince. In the Villages they have Officerscalled
Ammans,who proclaimethe Edicts of the Magistrate,and
warneDebters to makepayment,and upon longer delay
thenis permittedby the Municipall Lawes,sell their goods
at the outcry. They have a supremeJudge of capitall
causes,
whom they call SoveraigneBaily, instituted in the
yeere 1374, to apprehend murtherers and banished men,
andto put them to death, or otherwise punish them, with
A.D.
FYNES
MORYSON'S
ITINERARY
1605-17.
doubt through troublesand civill warres,from the beginning to this day, all like burthens are greatly increased
both in numberand measure,which may more easilybee
conjectured,by that which shalbe said of this subject,in
the discourse of the united Provinces.
united
Spaniards. The saidProvinces,at the first breakingout
Provinces,of the civill warre, when Antwerp wasbesieged,humbly
protected
by and instantly besoughtElizabeth Queeneof England,to
theQueene
of undertaketheir patronage
and defence,
and to encourage
England.andgivehermore
power,
offered
hertheSoveraignety
of
thoseProvinces; but the most wise Queenewith grave
counsel!,andfor weighty reasons,refusedto take themfor
Subjects. Perhaps (among other reasons of greater
weight)fearinglestundertakingthat warreasQueeneof
THE
NETHERLAND
COMMONWEALTH
A.D.
1605-17.
were
bound
to
make
restitution
of
all her
expences,
when the warre should be composed; and for
pledge of performance,should give into her Majesties
handsthe Towne of Vlishing in Zealand,with the adjoin-
A.D.
FYNES
MORYSON'S
ITINERARY
1605-17.
OF
THE
STATES-GENERAL
A.D.
1605-17.
And
this
Counsell
must
needes be distracted
theoccasions
of the publike businesse,
or of any particular
meeting,and may bee called home by the Citizens who
chusethem; so the generall Stateschosenby them to
resideat Hage, enjoy their placesupon like condition.
And out of thesegenerall Statescertainechosenmen are
madeCounsellors, to order the affaires of warre, and to
assistand direct the Generall of the Army therein. Others
are set over the affaires of the Admiralty, others over the
Brabant,
whomanagethe affairesof Brabantbelongingto
Holland). This must alwaies be understood,that the
Burgesses
or Statesof Holland,in respectof the dignity
of that Province,manywaiesincreasedandinrichedabove
the rest, have somewhatmoreauthority and respect,then
461
A.D.
FYNES
MORYSON'S
ITINERARY
1605-17.
to doe any thing they judge profitable for the Commonwealth. And it is a remarkeablething, to observetheir
Art, when in difficult casesthey desire to protract time, or
Common-
wealths
of Amsterdam
is the
chiefeCity
of Holland,
wherethe great
particular
0
.
/" i "
. J . . P .
.
r
Cities
OF
THE
NETHERLAND
TRIBUTES
A.D.
1605-17.
of Senators.
A.D.
FYNES
MORYSON'S
ITINERARY
1605-17.
OF
THE
NETHERLAND
TRIBUTES
A.D.
1605-17.
Provinces
thusoppressed
with tributes,andmakingwarre
againsta mostpowerfull King, yet at this time in the heate
of thewarre,(which usethto wastemostflourishing Kingdomes,and make Provinces desolate),had farre greater
riches,then any most peaceable
Countrey of their neighbours,or then ever themselvesformerly attainedin their
greatestpeaceand prosperitie: Whether it be for that
(according
to the Poet) Ingenium malasaepe
movent,Adversityoft whetsthe wit, so as by warre they aregrowne
more witty and industrious.
465
2G
A.D.
FYNES
MORYSON'S
ITINERARY
1605-17.
OF THE
LAWS
OF
THE
NETHERLANDS
A.D.
1605-17.
This Common-wealth
is governedby particularlawesTheLames.
andcustomes
of diversplaces,and by the publikeedicts
upon divers new occasionsmade by the Statesof the
Provinces,and these wanting, by the Civill law. The
particular Cities are governed after the manner above
named. And particularly at Leyden, my selfe have
observed
the inhabitantsof Villages,calledby writingsset
upon posts in the publike streets,to have their controversiesjudged by the Magistratesof the city, not at any
settime of the yeere,but accordingto the occasionsof
otheraffaires,at the Judgespleasure. High injuries and
maimesof any member,are punishedby the law, which
passeth
over lighter injuries, not giving suchamplesatisfactionsto the wrongedevenby word, asthe constitutions
of the Sweitzersgive; so as with them no lessethen in
England,quarrelsand brawlings are frequent,and often
breakeout into man-slaughters,wherein thosewho will
revengethemselvesby force, first agreebetweenethemselves,whetherthey will strike or stab; and then drawing
out long knives, which they ordinarily weare,they wound
oneanotherby course,accordingto their agreement,either
by slashes
or stabs(which they call schneidenandstecken.)
They commonlyallow mony to be put out to use, and to
theendpooremenuponpawnesmay borrowsmallsummes
for a short time, they admit an Italian or Lumbard
But
this
Lumbard
in
the
French
Church
A.D.
FYNES
MORYSON'S
ITINERARY
1605-17.
is not
OF
THE
NETHERLAND
WOMEN
AD.
1605-17.
askedher leave to goe abroade. Nothing is more frequent, then for little girles to insult over their brothers
muchbigger then they, reproving their doings, and calling themgreat lubbers,whereofwhenI talkedwith some
Schollersmy companions,as a fashionseemingstrangeto
mee,they were so farre from wonderingthereat,as they
told me, it was a commonthing for Wives to drive their
Husbandsandtheir friendsout of the dooreswith scolding,
asif they consumedthe goodswhereinthey hada property
with their Husbands.
altogether
freefromlike accidents:but I mayboldlysay,
that the Women of theseparts, are aboveall other truly
taxedwith this unnaturaldomineringovertheir Husbands.
The Nobility or Gentry hath long beenrooted out by [III.iv.289.]
the people(asJuniuswitnesseth,
and experience
shewes)
469
A.D.
FYNES
MORYSON'S
ITINERARY
1605-17.
of
Neither
OF
THE
NETHERLAND
JUDGEMENTS
A.D.
1605-17.
with
the friends
of the man
A.D.
FYNES
MORYSON'S
ITINERARY
1605-17.
Oftheir
warfare
in
lenerau.
wealthesaremost happy,whererewardesandpunishments
aremostjustly given, surelythe Statesneitherdetainenor
delay the paiments due to the soldiers, nor leave un-
OF
THE
NETHERLAND
WARFARE
A.D.
1605-17.
(I speake
not of Flanders
andtheotherProvinces
yeelding
goodlight Horses); but all the waiesandpassages
being
fencedin with ditchesof water, they haveat home lesse
473
A.D.
FYNES
MORYSON'S
ITINERARY
1605-17.
navall
power.
tjonj ancjartj are most fit for Navigation; & as in the
exercise of all Arts, they are no lesse witty then
industrious,soparticularlythey havegreatskill in casting
[III.iv.291.]great Ordinance,in making gunpowder,cables,ankers,
and in building ships,of all which things and whatsoever
is necessaryto navall warre, they have great abundance,
number.
Next the
bond of love on our part, towards thosewee have preservedfrom bondage,and the like bond of their thankefulnesse towards us, which howsoever ambition may
OF
THE
NETHERLAND
WARFARE
A.D.
1605-17.
because
it must consistaltogetherof voluntaries,no man
beingbound to servein the warre, excepthis Towne be
besieged,
andhis owneMagistrateleadehim to the walles;
they have hitherto happily used, and may ever so use,
our men for souldiers,(whereinBritany aboundethabove
all other Nations, neither doe they by much so esteeme
the auxiliary bands of any other Nation as of ours).
Lastly, in that they wanting many necessaries
of their
owne,andyet aboundingin all things by trafficke,cannot
long subsistwithout the freedomethereof; and nothing
is sopowerfull to diminish their wealth,and to raisecivill
discordsamong them, as the barring of this freedome,
whichthen seemedmoreeasieor lessedifficult to the King
of England, then to any other neighbourPrince,or (I will
boldly say)to all other neighbourPrincesjoined together
against them, (they having strength of their owne to
maintainethat freedomeby Sea,and being able with the
onely support of Britany, to defendthemselvesby land
againstall other Enemies). For they had onely three
passages
to Sea,one by Vlishing in Zeland, anotherby
Brill, upon the South-westCoastof Holland, and a third
narrowpassageby the Hand Fly, to the Tassell,on the
North-east side of Holland, whereof the two first were
our
Merchants
were
forced
of
A.D.
FYNES
MORYSON'S
ITINERARY
1605-17.
are
to
wish
the
continuance
of
Peace
betweene
England and theseProvinces,by which both Commonwealthshave long had, and may still have unspeakable
benefit, and that the rather, becausewe never yet had
476
OF
THE
NETHERLAND
AVARFARE
FINIS.
A.D.
1605-17.
I.
Page13, line 40, reade Poets, p. 15, 1. 47, r. 867. p. 45, 1. 37, r.
houseof. p. 58, 1. 34, r. on the other, p. 69, 1. 54, r. shepaid. p. 83,
1. 53, r. of Walnut-tree, p. 89, 1. 18, r. Georgii, and 1. 26, r. Foscarini,
and 1. 34, r. Cernari, and 1. 35, r. Orimani. p. go, 1. 41, r. lower part.
p. 115, 1. 27, r. Puteus. p. 124, 1. 37, r. ninth Gate. p. 132, 1. 3, r.
Moles (4). p. 150, 1. 29, r. del Fiore. p. 183,1. 4, put out thesewords,
The first day in the morning I rode thither, p. 258, 1. 5, r. Naxos,and
Meteline ninety.
PART.
II.
III.
ERRATA
white, p. 52, 1. 36, r. marto. p. 64, 1. 4, r. for the. p. 74, 1. 7, r.
Vindelicia. p. 80, 1. 7, r. they buy, and 1. 35, r. pay them, and 1. 53,
r. linnen clothes, p. 85, 1. 54, r. sip one. p. 88, 1. 14, r. meateif it be.
p. 170,1.45, r. trouses,
and 1.49, r. collers. p. 177, 1. 42, r. broad.
p. 178, 1. 12, r. stuffes. p. 179,1. 12, r. Like is. p. 181,1.47, r. in
France, p. 184, 1. 15, r. borne the. p. 193, 1. 9, r. Dietaes,and 1. 52,
r. Dietaes. p. 197, 1. 2, r. Schwaben. p. 198, 1. 25, r. French at. p.
Index
Aberdeen, iv. 180.
Abissines, sect of the, at Jerusalem,
ii. 32.
Abydos, n. 105.
Acheron, rivers of that name, I. 250.
Achon,
Alexandretta,
see Acre.
of.
see Scanderoon.
Alington,
Jane, Fynes Moryson's
sister, ii. 165.
Allen, Cardinal, at Rome, Fynes
Moryson and (1594) i. 259, m. 414.
Alliance
of
France
and
Switzerland
lers, m. 378.
Amber, where found, and making
of, iv. 23.
Ammunition in Ireland (1601)ii. 441,
447. 456Amsterdam, description of (1592) i.
of, 213.
Anderson, Lord, and Lord Essex's
trial (1600)ii. 311.
480
INDEX
Anglesey, Island, iv. 157; descrip- Arms, coat of, of Prague, i. 32 ; of
tion of, 161.
Zurich, 54; of the Duke of Venice
Angus, in Scotland, iv. 179.
hung up in St. Mark's Church,
Animals, wild, in Bohemia (1591)
170; of Lorrayne, iv. 133.
i. 30; in Denmark, 123; in Arms, forbidden in Turkey, I. 449;
Florence,325.
Swiss, iv. 422; of citizens and
Antenor, founder of Padua, I. 150;
artists in Germany, 326.
epitaphof, at Padua, 154.
Armstat, Fynes Moryson at (1595)
Antilope, the, damaged by thunderi. 438.
bolts, I. 128.
Army, pay of the, in Ireland (1598)
Antioch, description of, n. 64.
II. 222, 225, 227, (1599)276, (1600)
Antiquities, Roman, at Leyden, I.
360, (1601)369; muster of, at Dun98.
Argile, seeArgyll.
Ferrara, I. 199.
Armagh county, iv. 190.
Armagh, fort intended at (1601)n.
402; forces sent to, 432; Sir H.
Davers, governor of (1601) 432;
foot left at (1602)in. 149.
373; Monument
374-
of Brian Ororke
iv. 344-
of Petrarch at,
2H
FYNES
MORYSON'S
ITINERARY
(1596)i. 463.
of, I. 394.
Augustus, elector of Saxony, Gotha
Greeks, n. 88.
Lake
of,
near
Baiae,
iv.
118.
Barkely,
Henry,
at Carlingford
482
INDEX
464; at Kinsale (1601) in. 2;
(Sergeant-Major)his skirmish with
ii. 116.
Bethany, Fynes Moryson at, n. 15.
Bethlehem, monastery of, n. 20, 21.
Bethphage, historical interest of,
n. 18.
Bastile, built in
1369, in Paris,
I. 407.
Bathe, Tyrone's agent, sent to Scotland (1601) II. 462.
Baths, at Baden, i. 54; near Naples,
243; Caracalla's,
Rome, 285;
Diocletian's, 293; of Julian the
Apostate in Paris, 412.
Bavaria, former name of, iv. 8.
Bavaria, family of the Dukes of,
iv. 349; pedigree of, 350-353.
Bedfordshire, description of, iv. 149.
Beds in Scotland, iv. 184; in Ireland, 198, 202.
Beer, trade of, in Germany, iv. 21,
40; English, 62; in Ireland, 200;
tax on, in Saxony, 346; tax on, in
Netherlands, 463.
Beere haven, see Berehaven.
Beggars, few, in Germany, iv. 303.
Bellarmine, Cardinal, Fynes Mory-
FYNES
MORYSON'S
ITINERARY
332.
bishop, i. 144.
IV. 221.
Bonoritio, see Michael Angelo.
Books, price of, in Holland, i. 120;
to have while travelling, in. 378,
387-
410.
Bourgh,
praise of,
Burke,
or Borough,
i. 409.
(1600)
or
i. 164; on Low
102.
i- 352.
288.
to, 375;
(1601) 372; at
in. 148.
to England, 107.
Bodley, Sir Thomas, English Ambassador in the Netherlands, iv. 460.
Bohemia (Boemerland) Fynes Moryson in (1591) i. 25 ff.; charges
foundation
of
Prussia,
I. 129;
484
INDEX
Branding used in Germany, iv. 297.
Brass money, 11. 133.
Bread, sale of, in Ireland, in war-
Buckinghamshire,
iv. 149.
(1592)i. 81.
description of,
436.
Burgraves right, for debts, iv. 282.
Burgundy, duke of, see Charles.
Burgundy, duchy of, iv. 134; league
of, with Switzerland, 392, 394;
Paris, 416; built in Ireland (1602) Butler, Tybot Leyragh, rebel, exein. 280; in London, etc., 487.
cuted (1601)n. 416.
Brill, town pledged to Queen Eliza- Button, Captain (1601) II. 463; at
beth, i. 100; Lord Burrows and
his success
62.
Brittany, languages spoken in, iv. 133.
Brittingdona (Bretandona), leader of
the Spanish forces at Lisbon (1601)
in. 59, 68.
L 73. (J595)434; duchy of, description of, iv. 12; city, commonwealth of, 373; cities belonging
to, 374; Dukes of, pedigree of,
374-379; court of the present
Duke of (1600) 380.
Bruxero, Don Diego de, in the S.
FYNES
MORYSON'S
ITINERARY
in, 298.
Capitolinus, Mount, description of,
i. 267.
Cappadocia, description of, iv. 108.
i. 460.
Catterlogh, see Carlow.
Cattle, in Netherlands, iv. 54; in
Italy, 83 ; in Syria, 121; in France,
136; in England, 168.
and MacDermott's escape and submission (1602) 223 ; going to England, 272, 280, 289; treasurer at
wars in Ireland (1603) 310; Lord
Deputy in Mountjoy's absence, 335.
Carickfergus, Sir Arthur Chichester,
governor of (1600) u. 307, 326;
ii;
forces at
at (1596) i. 455.
Chairs, used instead of vehicles in
INDEX
Chamber, Imperial, statutes of the
(1442-1556)iv. 283.
Chamberlin, Captain John (1598)n.
221.
Constantinople, 94 ; Cathedral, of
Edinburgh, 119.
in Jerusalem,n. 28.
Chargesof the war in Ireland (1601)
in. 143.
Milan,
death
Mola, i. 230.
Cimerians, dwellings of the, i. 250;
legends concerning, 251.
Circles of heaven, iv. i.
Cities, free of Germany, iv. 20, 265 ;
naval, 280.
Citorius hill, description of, i. 269.
Citta' vecchia, building of, i. 303.
Clanricard county, iv. 189.
Clanicard, Earl of, commander of
forces in Connaught (1601) n. 418;
at Kinsale (1601) in. 37, 48;
strength of his regiment, 75;
knighted, 81; the Queen's commendation of, 124.
Clare, county (1601) m. 46; iv. 189.
Clarence, Lionel, Duke of, Lord-
26;
his
de-
168.
Clarizo, Bartholomeo de, at Kinsale
441.
iv. 450.
Cleve, duchy of, iv. 12.
of (i599)245-
Dukeof Saxony.
14; of
Netherlands,52; of Denmark,66;
487
FYNES
MORYSON'S
of Ireland, 191.
Clock, of Strasburg Cathedral described (1592)i. 64; in. 486.
Clonmel, King James proclaimed at
(1603)in. 317.
Cloth, English, worn in Germany,
iv. 206; in Netherlands, 213;
woollen, 238.
Clothes, European, offensive in
Turkey, I. 449.
Coaches,hiring of, in Germany, in.
464; in England, 481; in Ireland,
482.
Coats of mail, worn in Italy (1594)
ITINERARY
tuals.
I. 159.
Queen Elizabeth's
Proclamation
^442-
proposed
as governor
(1601)
412;
of, in Germany,
of Clan-
488
INDEX
history of the building of, 97;
moneys used at, 161.
Consuls, election of, in Switzerland,
iv. 437.
Contarini family, inscription concerning the, i. 145.
Council
of Flanders, governing
body, iv. 454.
Courcy, John de, rebellion of (1204)
n. 167.
Courts, Four, in Ireland (1598) n.
225.
Confreres,
Cows,
Juan Hortesse
del, taken
no.
at
(1601)
464;
necessity
iv.
201.
Irish,
see Candia.
of
of 0595) i- 422-
Cornwall, description of, iv. 143; Cypher for use in Ireland (1601)II.
tin mines of, 164.
389; used by Mountjoy and Sir
Coronation, Day of the, of Queen
Henry Dockwra, 398.
Elizabeth(1601)in. 38; ceremonies Cyprus, Fynes Moryson at (1596)i.
of the, in Austria, iv. 260.
458;
32.
Council of Trent,
see Trent.
489
FYNES
MORYSON'S
ITINERARY
cities of, 491; situation of, iv.
63 ; climate of, 66 ; apparel of, 214.
122.
Dante, sepulchre of, at Ravenna, i.
207.
n. 388.
Desmond, Gerald, Earl of, rebellion
of (1578) ii. 170; death of, 172;
title of, assumed by James Fitz-
Danube (Danow),
boats on the, i.
I- 353.
iv. 143.
80;
sent to
sergeant-major
(1602) 178; at
Enishlaghlin,
195; leaves the
army, 217; bearer of the news
iv.
60;
in
304,
310, 313;
social,
in
Bohemia, 331.
Delph, Fynes Moryson at (1593) I.
98.' (J595)432.
490
INDEX
Dogs, English, iv. 169.
Dolphiny, see Dauphiny.
Donati, Nicolao, Fynes Moryson's
letter to (1596) n. 76;
his letter
410.
Dulness, advantagesof, in. 423.
Dunagall, seeDonegal.
Dunalong,
n. 389.
English
forces at (1601)
190.
Egypt, n. 52.
Down, county, iv. 190.
Down Patrick, taken by Sir
218.
339- 341Drinking,
habits in Germany,
iv.
FYNES
MORYSON'S
ITINERARY
willingness
to pardon Tyrone
Basel, i. 59;
(1467) 101.
born at Rotterdam
Tower, 354.
Essex, county, description of, iv.
150.
Este family at Ferrara, i. 198.
Ethiopia, provinces of, iv. 118.
Exchange, houses of, in Constan-
407.
INDEX
Farnese, see Parma.
Fitz Williams,
English,
Ireland
Lord-
Deputy
of
Sir William,
(1589) n.
on the coast of
182.
Moryson
at (1595) I. 430;
Sir
iv. 48.
governor
of
Ballyshannon
rebels(1600)n. 364.
Fitzthomas, James (1598) II. 218;
nickname of (1600)300, 362; sent
to England(1601)438.
FYNES
MORYSON'S
ITINERARY
Frankfort,
description of, i. 70;
sanctuary at, 70; place of the
194.
INDEX
Garden,Dukes', near Florence, I. 327
(1597)n. 102.
Greece, description of, iv. 105.
Greek, sect of the, at Jerusalem, n.
3i-
224.
FYNES
MORYSON'S
ITINERARY
Guardians,
Hebrides,
duties
of
German,
iv.
3i6, 339.
island,
Heidelberg,
Guernsey,iv. 164.
iv.
180.
description
of, i. 66;
iv. 354Heligoland
(Heiligland),
Moryson at (1591) I. 2.
Helvetia,
Halebolin,
see Haulbowline.
see Switzerland.
3"-
Hanaw,
Fynes
of,
iv.
48;
149.
in, 321.
INDEX
Hopton, Master, wounded and died,
in. 32. 34-
in 1414,i. 48.
Husbandmen in Germany, iv. 330.
Huss, or city of Job, ii. 54.
383;
ii. 4;
of Edinburgh, 119; of
of the
Low
497
FYNES
MORYSON'S
ITINERARY
II. 5.
Joachim, Abbot John, i. 171.
218.
Ivie, Paul, engineer (1601) HI. 105.
see Cardiganshire.
(1592)i. 84.
(1601) n.
Jews,privilegesof, in Mantua(1594)
498
451;
taken
by the
INDEX
i; fortified by the Spaniards, 31;
list of the army at, 40; women
and children sent out of, 44; summoned to surrender (1601) 49;
siege of, raised (1602) 95; Span-
governor of Connaught,
214; in-
151-
FYNES
MORYSON'S
ITINERARY
Letters
Livius,
of credit,
Titus,
his
monument
at
Padua, i. 155.
Livonia, description of, iv. 13.
Lodging in Germany, iv. 31.
Loftus, Adam, Lord Justice of Ireland (1597) n. 210.
Loghrorcan surprised (1601) n. 372.
Lombardy, description of, iv. 79.
Longford, county of, iv. 187.
Longitude, description of, iv. 3.
Lord Deputy in Ireland, pay of (1599)
n. 278.
Loretto, church of, i. 213; miraculous chapel at, 214; treasure of,
216.
Lorraine, duchy of, arms of, iv.
133Loss in exchange, rate of, n. 129.
Loughfoyle, plantation of, n. 285,
391; Sir Henry Dockwra governor
commonwealth
of, 371.
186.
INDEX
Luneburg, description of (1591)I. 9;
name of, 10; Fynes Moryson at
(i595) 434. iv. 381.
Luneburg,
Brunswick.
Lusatia, description of, iv. n.
Luther, Martin, death of (1546)I. 15;
his opinion of Mauritius, first
elector of Saxony, iv. 338.
4i7-
281.
206;
in
Mac
Mahown's
chief
(1600)n. 348.
Mac Henry, Turlogh,
submission of
365; treachery of, 373; submis(1600)II. 358, 368, 369; loyalty of,
sion of (1601) 400; sent to Eng437; lands of (1603)ni- 32land, 438, 450; and the Spanish Mac Hubbard, William,
rebel,
landing in Ireland, 456; wavering
executed(1601)HI. 141.
of (1601) in. 6.
Cormock,
at Kinsale
(1601)n. 379.
Maclyre, O'Connor, slain (1601) n.
414.
Mac Mahown, Hugh Roe, heir of,
his misfortunes and death (1590)
n. 185.
288.
Mac Mahowne,
Phelim,
submission of
Patrick,
submission
of (1601)n. 405.
Mac Mahowne, Rosse, submission of
(1601)ii. 400.
Mac Feogh, Phelim (1600) n. 349;
(1601)11.379.
Mac Morris, rebel (1602) in. 289,
HI. 141.
of, 329.
501
FYNES
MORYSON'S
ITINERARY
400.
Mac Swine Bone, submission of
(1601) ii. 380.
Mac Swine Fannaght, submission of
(1601) II. 380.
Mac Swinedoe, Owen Oge, submission of (1601) ii. 380.
Madagascar, products of, iv. 119.
Madness of southern people, in. 434 ;
of Italians, 456.
Magdeburg, siege of, I. 12.
Magistrates, names of, in Netherlands, iv. 456.
Maximilian,
Emperor,
wood, i. 441.
Meade, the Recorder,
lost in a
imprisoned
27.
Measures of miles in different parts
of the world, n. 162.
of justice at (1473)456.
Meinow Island, i. 49.
Meissen, described(1591)i. i".
502
INDEX
Michelburne, Captain Edward (1598)
n. 221.
of
Germany,
of
Low
Countries,
150; mixed, in
Montfalcon, bodies of
criminals
140;
pardons granted
to the
at, I. 230.
351-
393-
Mona, seeAnglesey.
Moravia, Fynes Moryson'sjourney
Monaghan,Mountjoy at (1602)HI.
to (1593)i. 138, 139; description
178; garrison at, 182; county,
of, iv. 10; lawsof, 283; husbandiv. 190.
Monasteries in Padua, i. 153; in
Venice, 177, 180, 183; in Rome,
290; in Florence, 330; in Pavia,
364, 412; of the Latin Christians
at Jerusalem, n. 7; of the Franciscan friars, u.
Monastraven, Queen's house in Ire-
land,n. 350.
Morgan,CaptainEdmond(1598)n.
221.
III. 10.
PYNES
MORYSON'S
ITINERARY
Rome,
Italian,
Asia Minor,
463;
at Jerusalem,
INDEX
letter
198;
to the Commissioners
of
officers
in
Tyrone's
command,
158.
Mulberry trees in Florence, I. 316.
Mulct for murder in Germany, iv.
zerland, 435.
S5
FYNES
MORYSON'S
ITINERARY
" 34-
Nuremburg,
description of (1592) i.
in,- 468.
349-
of
victuals
196; service of, 206; Sir H. Dock wra's expedition against, 253;
(1601)
Desmond,
363;
captured
and
108.
"" 379-
perfidyattributedto, 431.
iv. 151.
INDEX
opinion of, 251; wavering of, 255;
disloyalty of, 283, (1603)32^O'Donnell, Rory, submission of
ii. 409.
O'Neale, the, Tyrone's name, n. 166;
importance of the name of, to
Tyrone (1603) in. 293; see also
O'Neill.
FYNES
MORYSON'S
ITINERARY
(1601) n. 420; Sir Edward Norreys, and the garrison of, iv. 47.
Ostia, Fynes Moryson at (1594) I.
302.
O'Swillivan
Beare, Donboy castle
surprised by (1602) in. 284.
Otho III., Duke of Saxony and
i. 203.
Paphlagonia, iv. 108.
Paradox, iv. 94.
Parallels, description of, iv. 2.
Pardon, conditions of, for Tyrone
(1598) II. 214; for Munster rebels
(1600) 353; granted to many
at (1601)in. 15.
230.
Paris, Fynes Moryson's journey towards (1595)i. 397; name of, 402;
'S3Padua,
147;
150;
153;
Moryson at (1594)373.
at Constantinople, 93.
Palatine,
Count,
of the Rhine,
I58;reformconcerning(i6o2)in. 222.
elec-
Patmos
Island,
n. 86.
268.
Pale, complaints of the, n. 332;
INDEX
5-
in. 431.
II-.35-
(1600)n. 311.
Perkins, William, in. 416.
Perrot, Sir John, Lord Deputy (1589)
n. 180.
of (1600) n. 343.
FYNES
MORYSON'S
ITINERARY
INDEX
Quarries, Carrara, i. 354; of Mansfield, 436; marble, in Ireland, HI.
498.
Queen's county, iv. 187.
Quicksands in Lancashire, iv. 160.
III. 222.
iv. 282.
269.
Reinforcementswanted by Mountjoy
(1601)in. 65; sent to Ireland, 124,
126; brought by Sir Edward
155.
Wingfield
(1602) 286.
Ireland (1601)11.379.
Rhetia, situation of, iv. 7.
FYNES
MORYSON'S
ITINERARY
Romans, king
of,
275-300;
Fynes
Giovanni
Lateran
Church,
282.
St. Andrew, the, Spanish ship (1602) St. Mark's, Venice, i. 165; belfry
in. 203.
St. Andrews, bishop of, ii. 120.
St. Angelo Castle, Rome, i. 281;
chapel, 282.
St. Bartholomew Church, in Paris,
i. 414.
of, 187.
St. Martin Island, near Naples, i.
256.
St. Mary Maggiore Church, Rome,
i. 277, 294.
INDEX
St. Sophia Church, Constantinople
0597) "" 94St. Spirito Church, Rome, I. 282.
at Rome, i. 289.
Salentinum,
105.
386, 401; government of, 432; Seyfeld, fate of a scoffer at, i. 441.
tubes in, 433.
Shamrock, eaten in Ireland, iv. 200.
Schools, in Venice, I. 184.
Ship, pewter kept at Hamburg, i.
Scilly Islands, Spaniards discovered
5; damaged by thunderbolt, 128;
near (1601)n. 440; iv. 164.
tributes on, sailing in Danish
Scipio Africanus at Linternum, I.
waters, 124; of war, sent to Ire257land (1601)in. 22; Spanish, sent
5*3
FYNES
MORYSON'S
59;
ITINERARY
Sligo, O'Connor, rebel, HI. 215;
submission of, 236.
Scotland, 182.
Shires, army raised by five English
(1601) n. 383.
Shooting, at Dort (1593) I. 102.
Shrewsbury, Lord, and Lord Essex's
trial (1600) ii. 311.
Shropshire, description of, iv. 154.
Sidney, Captain John (1598) n. 218.
Sidney, Sir Robert, iv. 48.
Sidon, description of, n. 49.
Siege, difficulties of a, in winter
(1601) in. 35.
Sienna, from Rome to, I. 304;
Fynes Moryson at (1594) 307;
description of, 348.
Sight-seeing, in travelling, in. 384.
Sign boards on Dutch inns, iv. 60.
Silence useful, in. 378.
Silesia, description of, iv. 10; laws
and language of, 283.
Silk, first made in Lucca, i. 310.
Silk-worms, in Italy, iv. 88.
Siloe, fountain, at Jerusalem, n. 15.
Silver, process to purify (1591) I.
23-
in,
121.
tributed
to,
in.
433;
madness
(1601) 102.
Sirophenitia, in Syria, iv. 112.
Sixtus Quintus, Pope, iv. 242.
440;
landed
at
Kinsale,
451;
INDEX
203, 209- 287, (1603) 3'3;
in Kin-
iv. 370.
Strategy of Mountjoy in Ireland
(1601) in. 158, 178.
angels, 445.
n. 452.
207.
5 c
FYNES
MORYSON'S
in. 388.
ITINERARY
his regiment, 75; the Queen's
commendation of, 124.
commonwealth of, 383, 389; religion of, 405; laws of, 408.
Tirrel,
Captain,
skirmish
with
(1600) n. 352; a price put upon
min, i. 451.
Tanistry, law of, n. 175.
Tarsus, birthplace of St. Paul, n. 69.
Taxes, in .Netherlands, iv. 61, 463;
in Germany, 267, 269; war, 270;
beer, 346; in the Palatinate, 355.
Templaries, Order of the, iv. 327.
Temple and Templary Knights in
Paris, i. 408.
Temple of Solomon at Jerusalem, n.
8.
Testaceus hill, description of, i. 269;
Olympic games on, 284.
Tewder, Captain Owen (1598) n.
218.
Thames, river, description of, iv.
163.
Theatres, in. 486.
Theft, punishment for, in Germany,
iv. 295.
Thessalia, description of, iv. 106.
Thief, Good, house of the, i. 466.
Thieves, punishment of, in Italy
(rS94) J- 353; Fynes Moryson
robbed by, in France (1595) 399;
where they are most frequent, n.
123; in England, in. 408.
Thomond, Earl of, landing of, in
Ireland (1601) in. 31; strength of
INDEX
Traitor, English, sent to England
(1601) n. 432.
Traitors, punishment of, in Germany, iv. 298.
Trajan's pillar, at Rome, I. 286.
Tramontane,
the, in. 112, 118;
Trogloditica,
cave-dwellers in, iv.
118.
Tulbent, see Turban.
Turban, head-dress of the Turks, iv.
323-
Transpadane Lombardy,
description
42.
221.
FYNES
MORYSON'S
ITINERARY
Mountjoy, 334; in England, 336;
190.
disastrous
march
out of Munster,
conditions
of his pardon,
128.
many,iv. 303.
INDEX
Vaticanus,Mount, descriptionof, i.
Vlishing, seeFlushing.
269.
past history of (421) 161; government of, 162; various names of,
n. 420.
279, (1601) 371; names of, in Ireland (c. 1613) in. 346.
Warfare, in Germany, iv. 272, 274;
in Switzerland, 415; in the Netherlands, 472.
Wars, Irish, cost of (1598-1603) Hi.
341 ; Swiss, iv. 393; spoil of, 423,
416 ff.
Warspite, the (1601) in. 58.
War-tax in Germany, iv. 270.
Warwickshire,
description of, iv.
152.
Watch in German towns, iv. 271.
Water, laid in Lubeck (1591) I. 7, 8;
214 ff., 249; on the pope's licence Waterford, Sir George Carew at
for a journey to the Holy Land,
(1600) ii. 360; reinforcements
447; on the French miles, II. 163.
landed at (1601)in. 52; religious
Viminalis, Mount, description of, i.
troubles at (1603)312; Mountjoy's
268.
letter
to the
citizens
of, 314;
Virgin's
sepulchre, n. 13.
FYNES
MORYSON'S
ITINERARY
Carinthia, 144.
West-Friesland, description of, iv.
51 ; lordship of, 443.
West Meath, army at (1602) ill.
148.
160.
iv.
149.
Williams,
Captain
Thomas,
in
69.
520
INDEX
Year, Italian, begins in January,
i. 158-
THE
END.
6i
THE
TABLE
II.
CHAP.
'3'
III.
...
.142
CHAP.
IIII.
177
V.
185
Booke
CHAP.
of the Third
Part.
I.
II.
III.
204
223
THE
TABLE
238
CHAP.
IIII.
Of the particularCommonwealths,
aswell of the Princesof
Germany,as of the free Cities, suchof both as have
absolutepower of life and death.
333
383
CHAP.
CHAP.
V.
VI.
things,the TributesandRevenewes,
themilitary power
for Horse, Foot, and Navy, the Courts of Justice,rare
Lawes,more speciallythoseof Inheritance and Dowries
and Contractsfor mariage,the Capitoll or Criminall
Judgements,and the diversitie of degreesin Families
and the Commonwealth.
443