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SE 041 607
Klopping, Paul H.
Flotation Thickening. Sludge Treatment and Disposal
Course #166. Instructor's Guide [and] Student
Workbook.
Envirotech Operating Services, San Mateo, CA.;
Linn-Benton Community Coll., Albany, Oreg.
Office of Water Program Operations (EPA), Cincinnati,
Ohio. National Training and Operational Technology
Center.
Aug 80
EPA-900953010
42p.
EDRS PRICE
DESCRIPTORS
IDENTIFIERS,
ABSTRACT
This lesson describek_the process of dissolved air
flotation thickening. The material is-lintended to aquaint students
with the fundamental principles of operation, components found on a
typical thickener, factors that affect operation, a comparison with
other thickening processes, and the calculations and laboratory tests
required in,establishing a normal operating routine. The lesson
includesan instructor's guide and student workbook. The instructor's
guide contains a description of the lesson, estimated presentation
time, instructional materials list, suggested sequence of
presentation, reading lists, objectives, lecture outline, narrative
of the slide/tape program used with"thq lesson, and student worksheet
(with answers). The student workbook pantains plant flow diagrams,
objectives, glossary, discussion material on natation thickening,
references, and worksheet. (JN)
***********************************************************************
Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made
*
from,the origifial document.
***********************************************************************
SLUDGE TREATMENT
and
DISPOSAL
COURSE # 166
FLOTATION THICKENING
INSTRUCTOR'S GUIDE
TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES
INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC)."
Prepared by
Linn-Benton Community College
and'
Envirotech Operating Services
FLOTATION THICKENING
'3*
Written by:
Paul H. Klopping
Linn-Benton Community College
Albany, Oregon
tiv
Instructional Design:
Priscilla Hardin
Corvallis, Oregon
Technical Consultant:
Envirotech Operating Services
San Mateo, California
a
Project Director:
Paul H. Klopping
Linn-Benton Community College
Albany, Oregon
Project Officer:
Lynn S. Marshall
United States Environmental 'Protection Agency
National Training and Operational Technology Center
Cincinnati, Ohio
,
Developed dnder:
EPA Grant #900953010
August,-1980
FLOTATION THICKENING
CONTENTS
Subject
Page,
'Lesson Description
FT-1
Estimated Time
FT-1
FT-1
FT-1
Required Reading
FT-L
Reference Reading
FT-2
Objectives
FT-3
Lecture Outline
FT-5
Narrative
FT-10
References
FT-15
Answers to Worksheet
W-FT-1
Student Materials
S-FT-1 thru 14
SW-FT-1 thru 3
FT-i
12/80
FLOTATION THICKENING
'LeSson Description
This lesson describes the process of dissolved air flotation thickening.
It is a Module which is intended to acquaint the student with the fundamental
principles of operation, comPonents found on a typical thickener, the factors
that affect operation, a comparison with other thickening processes, and the
calculations and lab tests required.in establishing a.normal operating l'outine.
Prior to working with this module, the student should have a working knowledge
of the information presented in "Sludge Characteristics" and "Sludge Conditioning".
Estimated Time
Student preview
5-10 minutes
Presentation
30-45 minutes
Discussion
5-10 minutes
20-30 minutes
2.
3.
4.
5.
Assign reading
4.
Asign worksheet
5.
Review worksheet
FTA. of 1 5
12
Required Reading
'
1.
6
FT-2 of 15
iV80
FLOTATION THICKENING
Objectives
1.
(DAFT).
2.
3.
4.
Type of sludge
b.
c.
d.
Air/Solids
e.
Polymer conditioning
f.
Recycle nite
g.
The
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
Recall that mixing the retention tank increases the amount of air
which can be dissolved.
12.
Air Rotameter
b.
Compressor
c.
13.
14.
'
FT,3 of 15
12/
15.
.16:
17.
FT-4 of 15
12/80
tcL,
I.
Objective
'6
A.
4 Methods
A.
B.
C.
D.
Dissolved air (pressure) flotation - Water aerated under pressure, released under atmospheric pressure.
MOST COMMON
III.
Shape -
Circular or rectangular
1.
B.
Air supply
1.
2.
C.
IV.
Components
1.
2.
3.
Recycle pump
4.
5.
Sludge scrapers
6.
Effluent Baffle
Operation
A.
9/
;7
FT-5.0f 15
12
a.
b.
c.
2.
3?
Pressurized air saturated liquid flows to inlet (distribution) assembly, released at atmospheric pressure through
back-pressure relief valve.
A
Decrease in pressure a.
V.
4.
5.
Solids float
6.
b.
B.
1.
Type'of sludge
2.
3.
4.
5.
Recycle rate
6.
Not as
a.
b.
FT.:,6 of 15
12/80
t-s
c.
Sludge Age
-ilk
(1)
(2)
2.
b.
D.
2.
b.
3.
Amount of Air
4.
a.
Controlled by:
(1)
Air rotameter
(2)
Compressor
6.
Quantity of Solids
a.
7.
Air/Solids Ratio =
Air (lbs/plin)
12
..-t,)
herefore, if:
1001gal/min
x 8:34\ lb/gal
x 0.9%
100%
<36:
7.5
E.
lbs Solids
a.
F.
2.
3.
b.
2.
VI.
Flow through
1.
B#
.?
Monitoring
1.
Influent
2.
Effluent
12
FT-8 of 15
12/80
.a
3.
C.
Lab Results-Expected
I.
2.
a.
Solids Loading
(lbs/hr/sq ft)
1-2
Hydraulic loading
(GPM/sq ft)
0.5-1.5
Recyale
With
Polymer
24
0.572.0
100-200
100-200
0.01p0.04!:'
6:01 0.04
Air
olids Ratio
/lb)
Minimum Influent
Solids Concentratton
5000
5000
(r1101)
(%)
2-4
3-5
50-85
95-99
Solids Recovery
(%)
13
FT-9 of 15
Narrative
Slide #
1:
2.
5.
6.
8.
9.
This is much like removing,the cork from a bottle of champagne-as soon as the bottle is opened at atmosphere, the decreased
pressure allows gas bubbles to excape from solution.
.
11.
12.
12/80
13.
14.
Once the recycle,stream is pressurized, it flows to the distribution box and circulates across the tank. A back-pressure reliefvalve is used to control this flow of pressurized water into
the tank which is at atmospheric pressure,
15.
16.
17.
At,the top of the tank chain driven skimmer blades drag the floating
Particles that settle are collected by a similar
sludge to a pit.
mechanism scraping the bottom of the tank. Thickened sludge 'is removed from both the top and bottom of the flotation thickener.
18.
Any effluent that is not recycled flows over a weir at the other
end of the tank. An effluent baffle extends from,several inches
above the water surface downward several feet.
The effluent baffle prevents solids from washing into the effluent.
9.
20.
1----PN'
21.
22.
23.
24--: 'Sludge age is not as important a consideration in flotation thickening as it is in gravity thickening.
25.
-
15
FT-11. of 15
26.
But, if sludge-age is too great, the solids may lose their ability
to form a strong floc, in which case thickening efficiency may be'
impaired.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
When pounds of dry solids per hour being fed to the thickener have
been determined, divide by the surface area in square feet.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
FT-12
of-456
12/80
39.
For domestic sludges these values range from 0.01 - 0.4 lbs Air/
lb Solids, while most operate at a value less than 0.1.
40.
Since one cubic foot of air is the equivalent of about 0.075 pounds,
air to solids ratio cab easily"be calculated if the air dischar0
(in cubic feet per minute) is known. Using the volume of air, in
cubic feet per minute and its weight of 0.075 pounds per cubic foot,
the weight of the air is determined.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
A 100% recycle rate means that for every gallon'of influent sludge,
1 gallon of effluent is pressurized and recycled back to the inlet.
This recycle stream adds air to the influent so the air- carrying
potential is directly related to the recycle rate.
47.
48.
49.
Normally,
50.
51.
52.
12
53.
The hydraulic loading governs the flow, in gallons per minute per
square foot of surface area. The solids loading, regulates the lbs.
of solids applied per hour per square foot of thickener.surface area.
54.
55.
Air/Solids Ratio balances the weight of air with the weight of solids
that,must be lifted to.the surface of the thickener.
56.
57.
53.
59.
60.
61.
18
FT44 of 15
12/80.
REFERENCES
19
FT45 of 15
12/
FLOTATION THICKENING
MORKSHEET
1.
2.
Food/Microorganism Ratio
b.
Air/Solids Ratio
c.
Pothner conditioning
d.
Solids loading
e.
Ambient Temperature
a.
b.
c.
d.
3.
4.
b.
c.
d.
e.
b.
c.
d.
e,
20
W-FT-1 of 3-
12/80
5.
6.
7.
a.
1.25
b.
2.50'
c.
3.75
d.
5.00
e.
D.O./MLSS
b.
F/M
c.
d.
e.
SVI
What effect does mixing the retention tank have on the amount of air
which can be dissolved?
X
a.
Increases it
b.
Reduces it
c.
Has no effect
d.
e.
8.
a.
b.
For every 100 gallons of sludge fed to the thickener, 100 gallons of thickener effluent (subnatant) is recycled to the inlet
c:
d.
e.
W-FT-2 ,of 3
a
12/
9.
10.
-sludge feed.
b.
c.
d.
e.
b.
1-2 feet
c.
3-4 feet
d.
6-8 inches
e.
22
W-FT-3 of 3
12/80
SLUPGE TREATMENT
and
o
DISPOSAL
COURSE # 168
FLOTATION 'THICKENING
SLUDGE
MANAGEMENT
STUDENT WORKBOOK.
Prepared by
23
FLOTATION THICKENING
Written by:
Paul H. Klopping
Ainn-Benton Community College
Albany, Oregon
Instructional Design:
Priscilla Hardin
Corvallis,.Oregon.
Technical Consultant:'
Enitirotech Operating Services
San Mateo, California
Project Director:
Paul H. Klopping
Linn-Benton ComMunity Colgege
Albany, Oregon
Project Officer:
Lynn S. Marshall
United States Environmental Protection Agency
National Training and Operational Technology Center
Cincinnati, Ohio
Developed Under:
EPA Grant #900953010
August, 1980
24
,FLOTATION THICKENING
CONTENTS
'Subject
Page
Plant.Flow Diagrams
W-FT-1
Objectives
W-FT-2
Glossary
W-FT-4
W-FT-5
References
W-FT-14
Worksheet
WS-FT-1 thru 3
25
SECONDARY PLANT
e+1 Pre-treat:11+
Veration
Pri.Sed:
Volume Reduction
(thickening)
FLP ATION
THICKENER
Stabilization
Disposal
26
S-FT-1 Of 14
12/80
ji"(
ql.OTATION THICKENING
Abjec.tives
Upon cc9
1.
-1(
2.
3.
The
Type of sludge
ofj@ed sludge
b.
c:
d:
Air/ olids
e.
Polymer conditioning
f.
Recycle rate
g.
5.
6.
Recall that bottom scrapers are needed on,a DAFT to collect settled
sludge solids.
7.
8.
9.
D
,
11.
Recall that mixing the retention tank increaies the amount of air--which can be dissolved;
12.
List the
totameter
a.
Air
b.
Compressor
c.
13.
14.
Define.recycle rate.
27
S-FT-2 of 14
i2/8
15.
16.
17.
6.
28
.
S-FT-3 of 14
0'
GLOiSARY
co
29
12/80
In-
Flo
Mist sludges
that don't concntrate well by graVity, however, can be successfUlly thickened in a flota-.
tion thickener.
thickening in reverse.
S-FT15 of 14
30.
12/80
tank.,
AIR SATURATION
Misr-
tank
COMPONENTS
((
*Retention nulk
injected.
.4(
31
S-FT-6 of 14
12/8
f-
FACTORS ASFECrINH3
PERFORMANCE
thd thickener.
These are:
Type of sludge
Age of feed sludge,
*Type of Sludge
*Age of Sludge
float.
Consequently thickeners
dency to
This
FT-8 of 14
12/8C
LOADING CALCULATIONS
The Same
mem
arn
ft2 <
gpm/ft2,
Flow to the
CM 7
flow
gok
V "PO
8,34 *VW
Air.
Solids
air
solids
Using the
5-FT-10 of 14
35
.12/8
POLYMERS
RECYCLE RATE
3,6
S-FT-11. of. 14
BLANKET THICKNESS
to maintain a 6
*Influent
*Effluent
*Thickened Slud9e
*Polymer feed
8" blanket.
Polymer
CONTROLLABLE PARAMETERS
and sludge
blanket thickness.
12/8
37
Here is a
TYPICAL LOADINGS
When
creased only
slietly.
EFFECT OF POLYMER
with polymer.
A substantial improvement in
95?- 99% solids capture is possible with polymer, while 50 - 85% is typical without.
Dissolved air flotation is an important sludge
dewatering process.
FLOTATION THICKENING
*Volume reduction
*Low density sludges
*Efficient
12/80
FLOTATION THICKENING
_WORKSHEET
1.
2.
3.
Food/Microorganism Ratio
b.
Air/Solids Ratio
c.
PolYmer conditioning
d.
Solids loading
e.
Ambient Temperature
b.
c.
d.
e.
b.
c.
d.
e.
4.
a.LOWscIft.
b.
1.5 GPM/sq.yft.
c.
2.0 GPM/sqlft.
d.
e.
40
SW-FT-1 of 3
12/80
/I
6.
7.
a.
1.25
b.
2.50
c.
3.75
d.
5.00
e.
D.O./MLSS
b.
F/M o SVI
c.
d.
e.
What effect does mixing the retention tank have on the amount of air
which can be dissolved?
a.
Increases it
b.
Reduces iti4t,
C.
Has no effect
d.
e.
8.
b.-
For every 100 gallons of sludge fed to the thickener, 100 gallons of thickener effluent ( ubnatant) is recycled to the inlet.
c.
d.
e.
41
SW-F1-2 of 3
12/8
9.
10.
b.
c.
d.
e.
1-2 inches
b.
1-2 feet
c.
3-4 feet
d.
6-8 inches
e.
00,
42
SW-FT-3 of 3
12/80