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Yarn Structure Analysis

Zafar@ntu

Transducer
& Actuator

Signal conditioning

Twist
Evenness
Linear density per unit length

Traditional Method

Development in Digital Technology

VLSI
Hi Speed computers
Massive Image storage capabilities
Advancement in image processing
New Pattern recognition approaches

Two Methods in Use


Capacitance
Optical

Problems ?
Signal Variation
Yarn hairiness obstruction
Source of light

What need to be measured

Hairiness
Twist
Yarn Snarling
Yarn Blend
Grading of yarn appearance

Main Tasks
Data acquisition
Feature extraction
Quantitative characterization

Fabric Structure Analysis


Zafar@NTU

Fabric Construction
Fibers are created
into yarns

Yarns are then


woven or knit into
fabrics

Fabrics are then


Used to create
garments, etc.

Blended Yarns, Threads & Fabrics


Blends were created to utilize the positive
characteristics of each fiber
Different fibers that have been combined into one
fabric, usually one natural and one synthetic
EXAMPLE: polyester/cotton blend- the original cotton
characteristics are improved and the fabric becomes more
wrinkle resistant, stronger, and mildew resistant

Woven Fabrics
A woven fabric consists of warp and weft
yarns
Weaving occurs when two or more yarns are
woven together at right angles to make a
fabric

Woven Fabrics
Generally characterized by two sets of
perpendicular yarns systems
One set is raised and lowered to make sheds
(these are warp yarns)
The other set is passed through these sheds,
perpendicular to the warp yarns (these are fill,
or pick or weft yarns)

Woven Fabrics
The structure of the woven fabric is the
pattern of interlacing between the warp and
weft yarns
Yarns can float, or not interlace for some
distance within a woven fabric

Plain Weave
Characteristics of Plain
Weave
snag resistant.
wrinkles.
lower tear strength.

Twill Weave
Characteristics of Twill
Weave
durable and heavier.
wrinkle resistant.
resistant to showing soil and
soiling.
more pliable drape and hand
than plain weave

Satin Weave
Characteristics of Satin
Weave
Flat and lustrous with a
smooth surface.
Surface slides easily for
linings.
Snags easily

Woven Structure

Orientations in a Woven Fabric


Machine direction = "warp" or "end
Perpendicular direction = "fill" or "weft" or
"pick
Frequently the warp direction corresponds
with the 0, or longitudinal direction
And fill with the 90 or transverse direction

Crimp in Weaves
Crimp
Ratio of the yarn's actual length to the length of
fabric it traverses.
Crimp levels influence fiber volume fraction,
thickness of fabric, and mechanical performance of
fabric.

Crimp
Crimp is determined by the texture of the
weave and the yarn size
Generally, in weaving, the warp yarns have
most of the crimp, the fill very little
This is a direct result of the warp yarns lifting
during weaving and the filling yarn being inserted
along a straight path

Crimp

Woven fabric Properties


Flexibility
Wearablity
Aesthetic
Sewablity

Assessment of Properties
Subjective Human evaluation
Low speed
Fatigue
Subjectivity
Inconsistency

Subjective vs Objective

Transition

Weave Identification

Jumala on
suuri

FT & Angular Energy Spectrum

Active Grid Method

Fuzzy c-means clustering

ANN

100 billion neurons


30,000 neurons can fit on
the head of a pin
linked with another 5,00010,000 neurons
potential for a quadrillion
neural connection

FEA

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