Chemical Product Design & CP507

Development 0
APPENDIX E
SINGAPORE POLYTECHNIC
SCHOOL OF CHEMICAL AND LIFE SCIENCES
Diploma in Chemical Engineering, Year 2
Module Number
Module Name
CA2

:
:
:

CP5070
Chemical Product Design & Development
TRIZ and Product Life Cycle

Part I: Apply TRIZ in Refining Product Specification

1.
In your team, apply the TRIZ process to the chemical product idea that
your team has chosen to work on.
(a)

Analyse the technical system

Goal: To make the lipstick longer-lasting on the lips

Option 1: Add in certain chemical
Option 2: Making a separate primer
Option 3: Use natural ingredients
Option 4: increase amount of certain ingredients
(b)
State the technical contradiction(s), using the
Engineering Characteristics in Appendix A

39

Option 1: #26 (+)

#31 (-)
Option 2: #27 (+)
#26 (-)
Option 3: #31 (+)
#29 (-)
Option 4: #26 (+)
#31 (-)

__________________________________________________________________________________________
Diploma in Chemical Engineering
School of Chemical & Life Sciences
Singapore Polytechnic

Chemical Product Design & CP507

Development 0
(c)
Resolve the technical contradiction(s) using the
Contradiction Matrix in Appendix B and 40 Inventive Principles in Appendix
C.
Suggested principle:
Add in Certain chemical

(#3,#27,#13,#10)

Making a separate primer

(#3,#21,#28,#40)

Use Natural ingredient(s)

(#4,#36,#17,#34)

Increase the amount of certain ingredients (#3,#35,#40,#39)

(d)

Suggest appropriate engineering concept(s).

#3: Local Quality

#40: Composite materials
#35: Parameter change
Appropriate concept #35:
Increase the concentration/amount of substance to be added in the lipstick so
as to make it longer-lasting on lips.
2.
Use appropriate tools, materials and/or format to illustrate the
application of TRIZ process
Options

Technical
Contradiction

Coordinates in
Contradictions

Suggested
principles

Add in certain
chemical

#26 (+)
#31 (-)

26 x 31

#3 #27
#13 #10

Making a separate
primer

#27 (+)
#26 (-)

27 x 26

#21 #3
#28 #40

Use natural
ingredient(s)

#31 (+)
#29 (-)

31 x 29

#4 #36
#17 #34

Increase the
amount of certain
ingredients

#26 (+)
#32 (-)

26 x 31

#3 #35
#40 #39

__________________________________________________________________________________________
Diploma in Chemical Engineering
School of Chemical & Life Sciences
Singapore Polytechnic

Chemical Product Design & CP507

Development 0
Part II: Product Life Cycle
1.

Design
(a)
Refer to the Parts-Whole Relationship diagram that was
constructed by your team, list all parts / components of the chemical
product that your team has chosen to work on.

Mirror
Lipstick content
Container
Brush

(b)
List all raw materials used in the production of each
component / parts.

Cocoa Butter
Pure Beeswax
Coconut Oil
Mirror
Container
Brush

(c)
Explain 2 3 desirable chemical / mechanical properties
of the chemical product.
Long-lasting on lips
Moisturizing
2.

Material Processing / Manufacturing

(a)
Based on 1 of the raw materials listed in Q1(b), explain
how the raw material is acquired and processed to make up the parts /
components of the chemical product.

Virgin coconut oil: derived through a "wet-milling" process. With this

method, the oil is extracted from fresh coconut meat without drying first.
"Coconut milk" is expressed first by pressing it out of the wet coconut meat.
The oil is then further separated from the water.
Cocoa butter: obtained from whole cocoa beans, which are fermented,
roasted, and then separated from their hulls. About 5458% of the residue is
cocoa butter. Chocolate liquor is pressed to separate the cocoa butter from
the cocoa solids.
Beeswax: made naturally by bees.
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Diploma in Chemical Engineering
School of Chemical & Life Sciences
Singapore Polytechnic

Chemical Product Design & CP507

Development 0
(b)
Describe 2 3 manufacturing processes that make the
chemical product.
Melting of the beeswax, cocoa butter and virgin coconut oil in a melting tank to
obtain these ingredients in molten state which allows easier mixing and addition of
the pigments.
Mixing of the beeswax, cocoa butter and virgin coconut oil with heat using a mixing
tank with a heater to homogenise the mixture and to form a viscous paste of the
lipstick mixture.
The lipstick mixture is then poured into the individual containers and then allowed to
cool into a lipstick that is easy to apply yet compact and able to stick onto surfaces
such as the skin or lips for a long time.
3.

Packaging
(a)
Identify the packaging(s) that is/are required by the
chemical product.

The lipstick content is stored in a plastic container (using crude oil as raw material to
produce plastic container).
(b)
Discuss the environmental impact of the packaging(s) of
the chemical product.
The plastic container can be reused to store other stuffs, or even can be used as a
refill for the lipstick content. When thrown away, it will be recycled for other purpose
so as to reduce burning of waste (which can produce greenhouse gas that harm the
environment)
4.

Transportation / Distribution
(a)
Based on the targeted customer of your chemical
product, discuss 2 3 suitable modes of transport to distribute the finished
product and their environmental impact.

Transported using trucks that use environmentally friend fuel to different shops
around the country. (Since the trucks use environmentally friendly fuel, less harmful
gas will be release to the environment.)
Using planes to export the product around the world, whereby the planes use biofuel
(which is less harmful to the environment). Biofuel emit less greenhouse gas
compared to using normal aircraft fuel.
5.

Useful Life

__________________________________________________________________________________________
Diploma in Chemical Engineering
School of Chemical & Life Sciences
Singapore Polytechnic

Chemical Product Design & CP507

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(a)
Even though a chemical product may be durable,their
useful life may be shortened due to improper usage. Discuss 2 3 ways to
extend the useful life of your chemical product.
Since some people end up using too much lipstick as they try to put on multiple
layers on the lipstick to make the colour more obvious, we can make it very
pigmented so that it can be applied in small amounts at a time while still covering the
whole lips and leaving the colour very visible on the lips.
Since lipstick tends to fade off through the day due to slightly transferring to other
surfaces that come into contact, many people re-apply more lipstick which results in
more lipstick being used up. We can eliminate this problem by making a lipstick that
can last the day without smudging/transferring.
6.

End-of-Life
(a)

Discuss 2 3 end-of-life options for your chemical

(b)

Discuss the pros and cons of each option.

product.

Reuse: -Containers can be reused as containers for other items/products.

-The mirror can be kept and continue to be used.
-The brush can be kept and used for applying makeup.
Pro: Avoid wastage of materials
Con: Reused material are not of good quality (doesnt last long)
Recycle: -Glass/Plastic Containers can be recycled into other glass/plastic products.
-Materials of brush can be recycled.
Pro: Avoid wastage of materials, environmentally friendly
Con: Recycled products does not last as long as new products as they become
weaker over time.
Disposal: -Container, Mirror, and Brush are burned in incinerators and/or disposed in
landfills.
Pro: Energy from incinerators can be used for other purpose. For example, heat
generated from incineration can produce superheated steam in boiler, which is then
used to drive turbo generator producing electricity.
Con: Generated harmful gas such Carbon monoxide which are greenhouse gas that
contributes to global warming.
7.
Create a Product Life Cycle for the chemical product that your group
has chosen to work on. You may include information that you have included in
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Diploma in Chemical Engineering
School of Chemical & Life Sciences
Singapore Polytechnic

Chemical Product Design & CP507

Development 0
Question 1 to 6 in the diagram. Use appropriate tools, materials and/or format to
illustrate the Product Life Cycle. Feel free to be creative.

__________________________________________________________________________________________
Diploma in Chemical Engineering
School of Chemical & Life Sciences
Singapore Polytechnic

Chemical Product Design & CP507

Development 0
8. Based on the Product Life Cycle of your chemical product, explain the strategies
that can enable your chemical product to have a cradle-to-cradle life cycle.
Since we are using a container made of plastic, it is a material that can be recycled
into new plastic products and also it can be reused as a container once our lipstick is
used up. A possible way to reuse the container could be creating lipstick refills for our
product so that the user does not need to buy a new set of our product, container
and all, to use our lipstick product.
Our product also comes with a mirror attached to the container cover, and this mirror
can have a cradle-to-cradle life cycle by being reused as a mirror even once the
lipstick has run out. Our product also comes with a brush used to apply the lipstick,
and this brush can be cleaned and reused once the lipstick runs out to apply other
makeup products also.The brush materials can also be recycled into new products of
the same material.
9. Use systems thinking to explain the impact of external environment on your
chemical product.
As the temperature of our lipstick should be stored at around 27 degree celsius, it
would be not suitable for singapore weather which is around 32 degree celsius. This
will result in the melting of the lipstick (if we are using solid lipstick) and causing it to
spoil.

__________________________________________________________________________________________
Diploma in Chemical Engineering
School of Chemical & Life Sciences
Singapore Polytechnic