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Pwh
Psep
Sep
reservoir drawdown!
Q = PI (PR Pwf)
kh
Pwf
PR
drawdown
PI = how easily fluids flow through the reservoir rock and into the wellbore
Pwf
PR
Pwf
r
PR
Darcys Law
L
d
P pipe
P pipe
QL
d
P res.
Qr
kh
PI
kh
linear
flow
radial
flow
Darcys Law
Pressure distribution in the reservoir
Pwf
Pwf
PR
PR
PR
Why?
Pressure
velocity
Q
=
area
Drainage radius
(r)
Pwf
QL r
kh
Pe - Pwf = 141.2
Qo o B0
kh
ln
PR
Pwf
re
rw
re
+S
rw
PI =
kh
141.2 B0 ln
re
+S
rw
... or ...
= / PI
re
Slope = - 1/PI
Vogel equation:
Pwf
PI
Pb
Qo
(100% WC)
Vogel
(0% WC)
QL (stbl/d)
AOF
Qo max
Pwf
PR
2
= 1 0.2
Pwf
PR
0.8
Pwf
PR
Skin components
- often described as a near wellbore pressure loss
- really describes the pressure loss variation from Darcys law assumptions
- can be positive (adds extra pressure loss) or negative
- ve
hp
+ ve
blocked perforations
limited perforations
stimulated wells
QG = C (PR 2 Pwf 2) n
- known as backpressure equation
PR
Pwf
C & n obtained by curve
fitting multi-rate tests
(QG and Pwf)
QG
AOF
no oil
flow
kro = 1
water
not
mobile
Relative
Permeability kr
oil not
mobile
Oil
krw
0.37
Water
0.06
Swc
Sw
1 - Sor
Water saturation
Fractional Flow
- a reservoir model predicts the change of phase saturation (So, Sw, Sg) with time
but how do we predict watercut (WC) and GOR with time?
use relative permeability curves!
downhole WC:
surface WC:
=
+
(rb)
/w
(rb)
/o
1
=
1 +
1
=
(1 )
1+
1
=
1 +
1
=
(1 )
1+
1
=
1 +
1
=
(1 )
1+
compressible fluid
stbo/d
stbw/d
mscf/d
Immiscible displacement
- how effective is water injection at displacing oil? (sweep efficiency)
- need to look at how water saturation changes in the reservoir
Producer
Swc
flood front
(Swf)
Water saturation
(Sw)
Swc
Distance from injector
Immiscible displacement
Light oil (0.4 cP) displacement
Water saturation
(Sw)
Swc
Heavy oil (1000 cP) displacement
Water saturation
(Sw)
Swc
Length (feet)
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