CHEMISTRY

Ketone and Aldehydes

Achi Nice Jammy Pluem
11-01

What is Ketone and Aldehydes.

Aldehydes and ketones are organic compounds.

The structure is carbonyl functional group, C=O

Substituents

with HYDROGEN = Aldehyde

No HYDROGEN = Ketone

Shape: Trigonal planar

Nomenclature of Aldehyde

Aldehydes take their name from their parent

alkane chains. The -e is removed from the end and is
replaced with -al.

The aldehyde funtional group is given the #1 numbering

location and this number is not included in the name.

For the common name of aldehydes start with the common

parent

chain

name

and

add

the

suffix

-aldehyde.

Substituent positions are shown with Greek letters.

When the -CHO functional group is attached to a ring the

suffix -carbaldehyde is added, and the carbon attached
to that group is C1.

Example of Aldehyde

The IUPAC(International
Union of Pure and Applied
Chemistry)system names are
given on top while the
common name is given on the
bottom in parentheses.

Mostly end with (-al)

Nomenclature of Ketone

Ketones

take

their

name

from

their

parent

alkane

chains. The ending -e is removed and replaced with

-one.

The common name for ketones are simply the substituent

groups listed alphabetically + ketone.

Some common ketones are known by their generic names.

Such as the fact that propanone is commonly referred
to as acetone.

Example of Ketone

The IUPAC system names are

given on top while the
common name is given on
the bottom in parentheses.

Mostly end with (-one).

Reaction of Aldehyde & Ketone

Applicationtion of Aldehyde

Formaldehyde is an aldehyde that can be used in

embalming fluid and it also used for killing pests on
plants to tanning animal hides.

Benzaldehyde is commonly use as a commercial food

flavour (almond flavour) or industrial solvent.

Cinnamaldehyde has use for flavoring food items like

chewing gum, ice cream, candy.

Applications of Ketone

Acetophenone is used for fragrance in soaps and perfumes

Acetone is ketone used in nail remover and also to cure addiation to

opiates

Butanone is an effective and common solvent ( ex. industry solvent )

Questions and Answer :

What is the basic struture of Aldehyde and Ketone?

What is the reason why the compound is small?

What is the diffence between aldehyde and Ketone?

What is the product of Aldehyde?

Why we need to put Aldehyde into the perfume?

Reference

http://www.cliffsnotes.com/study-guides/chemistry/organic-chemistry-ii/aldehy
des-and-ketones/reactions-of-aldehydes-and-ketones
http://chemwiki.ucdavis.edu/?title=Core/Organic_Chemistry/Aldehydes_and_
Ketones/Nomenclature_of_Aldehydes_%26_Ketones
http://2012books.lardbucket.org/books/introduction-to-chemistry-general-orga
nic-and-biological/s17-05-reactions-of-alcohols.html
http://biochem.co/2010/01/preparation-reactions-of-aldehydes-and-ketones-rh
o-ror/
http://www.chemistry.sc.chula.ac.th/course_info/2302262/1Present_Aldehyd
e-Ketone54_HO.pdf