Don Bosco Technical Institute of Makati

Elementary Department
School year 2016 2017
Science and Health
Grade III
First Periodical Test Handout
What is Science?
The word science comes from the Latin word scientia, which means, knowledge.
Science is a systematized body of knowledge based on facts.
It explains occurrences through objective means, such as observing, studying and
experimenting.
It is a way of learning how things work.

What is Technology?
The application of Science.
The use of scientific knowledge to solve practical problems.

Importance of Science and Technology

It provides answer to many questions about the environment.
It makes certain things possible.
It makes our work easier and faster.
It helps us cure diseases.
It helps improve the quality of life.
Positive and Negative Effects of Science and Technology

1.

2.

3.

Refrigerator
Positive Effect: Preserves our food
Negative Effect: Releases CFC (Chlorofluorocarbon) that lead
to the depletion of the ozone layer

Baby Diapers
Positive Effect: Absorbs urine
Negative Effect: Causes floods when thrown in creeks

Cooking Oil
Positive Effect: Helps cook our food
Negative Effect: Contaminates water

4.

5.

Cars
Positive Effect: Helps us travel faster
Negative Effect: Causes air pollution

Bleaching agents
Positive Effect: Whitens our clothes
Negative Effect: Toxic to animals
6. Plastic bags
Positive Effect: Helps us carry things
Negative Effect: Causes floods when not properly disposed
7. Medicine
Positive Effect: Cures illnesses; makes you healthy
Negative Effect: Causes rashes and skin disturbances

Laboratory Instruments
1.
Beaker
It is a simple container for stirring, mixing and heating
liquids commonly used in many laboratories.
It is used to measure the volume of a liquid.
2. Graduated cylinder
Also known as a measuring cylinder, is a piece of laboratory
equipment used to accurately measure the volume of liquid.

3. Thermometer
It is used to measures temperature.

4. Test tubes
It is used to hold, mix, or heat small quantities of solid or liquid chemicals.

5. Test tube holder

It is used to hold test tubes. However, it can be used to hold stirring rods.
6. Mortar and pestle

It is used to crush, grind, and mix solid substances.

7. Alcohol Lamp
It is used for gently heating small to medium amounts of materials.

8. Wire gauze
It is used for supporting beakers and flasks when they are being heated.

9. Tripod
In the science laboratory, metal gauze is placed on top of it to give support to the
beaker.

10.Funnel
It is used to transfer a substance in one container to another.

11.Tape Measure
A flexible form of a ruler. It consists of a ribbon of cloth, plastic, fiber glass, or metal strip
with linearmeasurement markings. It is used to measure your waist line.

12.Test Tube Rack

A wooden device used to hold the test tubes in place.

Process skills

1.

Inferring
Is the skill of making a wise interpretation based on observations.
An inference is an explanation of your observation.
In inferring, you interpret what you think about what you see, hear, taste, feel or smell.
Example:
Observation:
Inference:
-He is wearing a laboratory coat.
-He is a scientist.
-He is holding a test tube.
-There is something inside the test tube.

2. Predicting
To tell what will happen next based on observation, experience, or scientific reason.
Observation: You describe what you see, hear, taste, feel or smell.
Experience:
Personally encountering or undergoing something.
Scientific reason:
Scientific fact or truth.
It is a possible solution or temporary answer to a problem.
There must be a condition before a prediction.
Condition: It is a situation with respect to circumstance. It usually starts with
if
Examples:
If it rains hard..
If I dont study..
Prediction: Is an anticipation of future events based on an observation. It
usually starts with then
Examples:
..then there will be flood.
..then I will fail.
3. Measuring
Using standard measures to describe specific dimensions of an object.

Standard Unit of Measurement - It is the accepted or approved unit of

measurement.

Non Standard Unit of Measurement - Is one that is not part of a consistent system
of measurement, do not
have internationally recognized sizes
Systems of Measurement
English System - Used in many countries including the United States using feet, pounds
and seconds.
Metric System - A system of measuring based on: meter for length, kilogram for mass,
second for time
3 Dimensions
Length - The longest side of an object.
Width - The shortest side of an object.
Height - The measurement upward.
Millimeter (mm)
One thousandth of a meter. ( 1000 mm = 1 m )
10 mm = 1 cm
Centimeter (cm)
-One hundredth of a meter.
Decimeter (dm)
-One tenth of a meter.
Scientific Attitudes
A scientific attitude is a disposition to act in a certain way or a demonstration of
feelings and/or thoughts.
1. Curiosity
A scientist should be curious. He asks questions. He is eager to find answer to his
questions.
2. Creativity
A scientist should be creative. He uses his mind to imagine or invent something to
come up with an idea or plan.
3. Open-mindedness
A scientist should be open-minded. He respects the ideas and opinion of others
even if they are contrary to his own.
4. Accuracy
A scientist should be accurate. He is conscious about the details that come from
observation and measurement.
5. Objectivity

A scientist should be objective or rational. He weighs evidences carefully before

making a conclusion or decision.
6. Keen Observer/keenness
A scientist should be keen-observer. He is always aware of the things around him
and pays attention to his surroundings.
7. Critical-Mindedness
A scientist should be critical-minded. He looks at the positive and negative effects of
the solution.
8. Environment Friendliness
A scientist should be environment-friendly. He respects and helps conserve nature.
9.
Resourcefulness
A scientist should be resourceful. He finds clever ways to overcome difficulties.
Matter
Is any substance which has mass, weight, and volume.
Mass - Amount of matter in an object
Weight - Involves both the mass (amount of matter) and the strength of the pull of
gravity
Volume - Is the amount of space occupied by an object
States of Matter

Behavior of Molecules

Solid compressed, fixed positions, rigid, cannot be squashed, fixed

shape, fixed volume
Liquid - closely packed, not rigid, cannot be squashed, no fixed shape, no
fixed volume, can flow
Gas not rigid, can be squashed, no fixed shape, no fixed volume

Solid It has definite shape and definite volume.

Liquid It has no definite shape but has definite volume, it takes the shape of its
container.
Gas It has no definite shape and no definite volume.
Special Properties of Matter in Solid
1. Hardness - The resistance of an object to scratching, denting, or breaking.
Example: rocks
2. Strength - The capability of an object to withstand wear and tear, or decay.
Example: bricks
3. Malleability -The capacity of an object to be hammered or shaped without breaking.
Example: gold
4. Flexibility - The capacity of an object to be easily bent or shaped.
Example: jelly ruler
5. Elasticity - The capacity of an object to return to its original length and shape after
being stretched.
Example: rubber band
6. Ductility - The capacity of an object to be molded, hammered, or stretched into thin
wire.
Example: copper wire
7. Brittleness - The capacity of an object to be easily damaged or destroyed when there is
pressure.
Example: glass
8. Porosity - The capacity of an object that enables water and air to enter it.
Example: sponge
9. Solubility - The capacity of an object to be dissolved or liquefied.
Example: milk powder
10.Conductivity - The capacity of an object to transfer heat.
Examples: frying pan, copper wire (conducts electricity)
11.Impenetrability Two objects cannot occupy the same space of the same time
Example: two students in one chair
Special Properties of Liquid

1. Volatility - The rate of evaporation of liquids.

Examples: alcohol, acetone
2. Viscosity - The resistance of liquid to flow.
Examples: syrup, ketchup, glue
Special Properties of Gas
1. Compressibility - Is a measure of the relative volume change of a fluid or solid as a
response to a pressure change.
2. Expandability - To spread or stretch out, increase in extent, size, volume, etc.
3. Occupies more space

Changes in Matter
1. Freezing
When liquid turns into solid
2. Melting
When solid turns into liquid
3. Evaporation
When liquid turns into gas
4. Condensation
When gas turns into liquid
5. Sublimation
When solid turns into gas
6. Deposition
When gas turns into solid