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Dane:
Szukane:
r = 10 mm = 102 m
q=
Wzory:
F=
q1 = q2
o = 8,854 1012 F / m
= 1, 00059 1
r =
1
q q
1 22
4 o r r
F = 0, 72 103 N
F=
1
q q
1 22
4 o r r
F 4 o r r 2 = q1 q2
q1 = F 4 o r r 2 = 0, 72 103 4 3,14 8,854 1012 (102 )
______________________________________________________________________
3.2
Dane:
Szukane:
r = 5 km = 5 103 m
Q1 = 10 C
F=
Q2 = 20 C
Wzory:
F=
r =
o = 8,854 1012 F / m
= 1, 00059 1
1
q q
1 22
4 o r r
F=
1
q q
1 22
4 o r r
F=
1
10 20
200
=
= 0, 0719 106 N 72000 N
2
12
6
3
4 3,14 8,854 10
111,
2
25
10
( 5 10 )
______________________________________________________________________
3.3
Dane:
Szukane:
r = 5, 29 10 11 m
F=
e = 1, 6 1019 C
p = +1, 6 1019 C
o = 8,854 1012 F / m
Wzory:
F=
r =
1
q q
1 22
4 o r r
F=
1
q q
1 22
4 o r r
F=
1
1, 6 1019 1, 6 10 19
2, 56 1038
=
=
34
11 2
4 3,14 8,854 1012
111,
2
27,
98
10
5,
29
10
(
)
2, 56 10 38
2,56 104
=
8, 2 10 8 N
34
111, 2 27, 98 10
3111,55
______________________________________________________________________
3.4
F=
Dane:
Szukane:
r = 5, 29 10 11 m
v=
Wzory:
FC =
e = 1, 6 1019 C
me = 9,11 1031 kg
r =
p = +1, 6 1019 C
1
q q
1 22
4 o r r
F = ma
o = 8,854 1012 F / m
a=
v2
r
FC sia Culombowska
1
q q
e p
FC =
1 22 =
4 o r r
4 o r r 2
FC =
1, 6 10 19 1, 6 1019
2, 56 1038
=
111, 2 27, 98 1034
2,56 10 38
2,56 104
=
8, 2 108 N
111, 2 27,98 1034
3111,55
Fd sia dorodkowa
FC =
Fd = me a = me
F = FC
me
v2
r
v2
= FC
r
FC r
8, 2 108 5, 29 10 11
=
= 4, 761 1012 2,18 106 m / s
me
9,11 10 31
______________________________________________________________________
3.5
v=
Dane:
Szukane:
q=
Wzory:
F=
1
q q
1 22
4 o r r
m = 0, 5 g = 0, 5 103 kg
r =
l = 20 cm = 0, 2 m
G = m g
r = 5 cm = 5 102 m
o = 8,854 1012 F / m
r = 1
rysunek w zadaniu.
r
h = l2
2
F
r
=
G 2h
1
q q
1 22
4 o r r
=
m g
q2
4 o r r m g
2
q=
r
2 l2
2
r
2 l
2
4 o r r3 m g
r
2 l2
2
2 o r3 m g
r
l2
2
5 102
0, 2
q=
0, 04
25 104
2
33,8 1018
0, 04
25 10 4
4
33,8 10 18
13 10 C
0, 2
______________________________________________________________________
3.6
Dane:
Szukane:
r = a = 5 cm = 0, 05 m = 5 10 m
F1 =
q1 = q2 = q3 = 0, 2 C = 0, 2 10 6 C
F2 =
o = 8,854 1012 F / m
r = 1
F3 =
Wzory:
F=
r =
1
q q
1 22
4 o r r
q3
F2
F1
F23
F12
F3
F2
q1
q2
F1 = F2 = F3
F1 =
q q
1
1
0, 2 10 6 0, 2 106
123=
4 o r r
4 3,14 8,854 1012
(5 102 ) 2
1
0, 2 10 6 0, 2 106
0, 04 10 12
F1 =
=
0,144 N
4 3,14 8,854 1012
(5 102 ) 2
0, 278 10 12
Sia jest wielkoci wektorow wic dodawanie lub odejmowanie to wyliczenie Siy
wypadkowej (dodajemy geometrycznie)
= 60o z zasady trjkta rwnobocznego
= 30o bo wypadkowa dzieli = 60o na dwa rwne kty
______________________________________________________________________
3.7
Dane:
Szukane:
rp = 1
Fw
=
Fp
rw = 81
F1 == F3
q1 q2
1
q q
1 22
2
Fw 4 o rw r
4 o 81 r
=
=
= 81
q1 q2
q1 q2
1
1
Fp
4 o rp r 2
4 o 1 r 2
1
Wzory:
F=
r =
1
q q
1 22
4 o r r
______________________________________________________________________
3.8
Dane:
Szukane:
q1 = q2 = q3
r = bok trjkta
a = odlego rodka trjkta
od wierzchoka
qo =
Wzory:
F=
r =
1
q q
1 22
4 o r r
F12
F2
F1
q3
Fo
qo
q1
q2
r
F12 = F1 + F2
1
F12
2
= cos
F1
1
F12 = F1 cos
2
qq 3
qq
1
1
2
=
2 3
4 o r r
2
4 o r r
odlego wierzchoka od rodka to (jak kto pamita z gimnazjum) promie koa opisanego
na trjkcie. A jak nie , to trzeba wyprowadzi.
1
r
2 = cos
a
1
1
1
r
r
r
r
r 3
a= 2 = 2 o = 2 =
=
cos cos 30
3
3
3
2
F12 = 2 F1 cos = 2
Fo =
qq
1
20
4 o r a
F12 = Fo
qq
qq
1
1
2 3=
20
4 o r r
4 o r a
q0
q 3
=
2
2
r
r 3
3
2
q 3 r 3
q 3 r2 3 q 3
q
q0 = 2
=
=
=
2
9
3
r
r
3
3
______________________________________________________________________
3.9
Dane:
Szukane:
q1 = 107 C
E=
q2 = 0,5 107 C
r = 10 cm = 0,1 m
r = 1
V=
Wzory:
1
4 o r
1
V=
4 o r
E=
r =
q
r2
q
E2
q1
q2
r/2
E1
r
1
q
12
4 o r r
2
1
q
E2 =
22
4 o r r
2
Natenie pola jest wielkoci wektorow wic dodawanie lub odejmowanie to wyliczenie
wypadkowej (dodajemy geometrycznie). Tutaj poniewa le na jednej prostej dodajemy
arytmetycznie
E1 =
Ex = E1 + E2
1
1
4
q
q
q +q
12+
22 =
1 2 2
4 o r r 4 o r r
4 o r
r
2
2
7
1
10 + 0,5 107
1,5 107
V
q1 + q2
Ex =
=
=
= 5,39 107
2
12
2
r
3,14 8,854 10 0,1
27,8
m
o r
Potencja nie jest wektorowy wic dodaje si tylko arytmetycznie
q
1
V1 =
1
4 o r r
2
1
q2
V2 =
4 o r r
2
1
q
1
q
2
q +q
Vx = V1 + V2 =
1+
2 =
1 2
4 o r r 4 o r r 4 o r
r
2
2
7
7
1
10 + (0,5 10 ) 0,5 105
Vx =
=
= 8992 V
2 3,14 8,854 1012
0,1
5,56
______________________________________________________________________
3.10
Ex =
Dane:
Szukane:
Wzory:
E=
1
q
2
4 o r r
V=
q
1
4 o r r
q = 10 6 C
r = 8 cm = 0, 08 m
= const
E2 =
o = 8,854 1012 F / m
r1 = 2
r2 = 1
E8 =
E4 =
r =
E6 =
E16 =
w powietrzu
1
q
1
106
106
V
kV
E16 =
2 =
=
= 351261 3,5
12
2
4 o r r
4 3,14 8,854 10
0,16
2,847
m
cm
1
q
1
106
106
V
kV
2 =
=
= 140505 14
12
2
4 o r r
4 3,14 8,854 10
0, 08
0, 712
m
cm
w kuli
4
objto kuli: V = r 3
3
poniewa podano e gsto rozoenia adunku w kuli jest staa to
4
23 106 8 106
V2 cm q2 cm
V2 cm q 3
=
q2 cm =
=
=
1,56 108 C
4
V8 cm
q
V8cm
512
83
3
q2 cm
1
1
1,56 108 1,56 104
V
kV
E2 =
2 =
=
175350 1, 75
12
2
4 o r r2
4 3,14 8,854 10 2 0, 02
0, 0889
m
cm
E16 =
4
43 106
V4 cm q 3
64 106
=
q4 cm =
=
0,125 106 C
4
V8cm
512
83
3
q
1
1
0,125 10 6 0,125 10 6
V
kV
E4 =
4 cm
=
=
351261 3, 5
2
12
2
4 o r r4
4 3,14 8,854 10 2
0, 04
0,3558
m
cm
V4 cm q4 cm
=
V8 cm
q
4
43 106
V6 cm q 3
216 10 6
q6 cm =
=
=
0, 422 106 C
4
V8 cm
512
83
3
q
1
1
0, 422 10 6 0, 422 106
V
kV
E6 =
6 cm
=
=
527048 5, 27
2
12
2
4 o r r6
4 3,14 8,854 10 2
0, 06
0,8
m
cm
V6 cm q6 cm
=
V8 cm
q
q8cm
1
1
10 6
106
V
kV
E8 =
2 =
=
702523 7
12
2
4 o r r8
4 3,14 8,854 10 2 0, 08 1, 423
m
cm
______________________________________________________________________
3.11
Dane:
Szukane:
Wzory:
1
4 o r
1
V=
4 o r
E=
E=
q
V = 8 kV
V=
r = 20 cm = 0, 2 m
r = 1
V=
r =
q
r2
q
1
q
4 o r r
E2 =
1
q
1
4
q V
8
kV
=
=
= 10
2
4 o r ( 2r )
4 r 4 o r r 4 r 4 0, 2
m
V2 =
1
q
1
4
q V 8
=
= = = 4 kV
4 o r 2 r 2 4 o r r 2 2
E3 =
1
q
1
4
q V
8
kV
=
=
= 4, 44
2
4 o r ( 3r )
9 r 4 o r r 9 r 9 0, 2
m
V3 =
q V 8
1
1
4
q
= = = 2, 67 kV
=
4 o r 3 r 3 4 o r r 3 3
E4 =
1
q
1
4
q
V
8
kV
=
=
= 2,5
2
4 o r ( 4r ) 16 r 4 o r r 16 r 16 0, 2
m
V4 =
1
q
1
4
q V 8
=
= = = 2 kV
4 o r 4 r 4 4 o r r 4 4
20
18
16
14
x1000
12
E=f( r )
10
V=f( r )
8
6
4
2
0
0
0,5
1,5
2,5
[m]
______________________________________________________________________
3.12
Dane:
Szukane:
U = 75 V
q=
rA = 30 cm = 0,3 m
rB = 60 cm = 0, 6 m
q=
V=
r =
r = 1
U AB = VA VB =
Wzory:
1
q
1
q
q
=
4 o r rA 4 o r rB 4 o r
1
q
4 o r r
1 1
rA rB
0,3 0, 6
0, 6
rA rB
_____________________________________________________________________
3.13
Dane:
Szukane:
q = 10 12 C
Ep =
d = 3 mm = 3 10 3 m
ro = 2, 2
Eo =
rp = 1
r=
D=
Wzory:
1
q
2
4 o r r
D = E
E=
r =
d
2
q
1
1012
V
=
4000
2
2
12
4 o rp r
4 3,14 8,854 10
m
3 3
10
2
12
1
q
1
10
4 1012
C
D p = E p = o rp
2 =
=
35, 4 10 9 2
2
4 o rp r
4 3,14 3 3
113
m
10
2
12
1
1
10
q
V
Eo =
2 =
1818
2
12
4 o ro r
4 3,14 8,854 10 2, 2 3 3
m
10
2
12
1
q
1
10
4 1012
C
Do = Eo = o ro
2 =
=
35, 4 10 9 2
2
4 o ro r
4 3,14 3 3
113
m
10
2
______________________________________________________________________
3.14
Ep =
Dane:
Szukane:
Wzory:
C
m
d = 10 cm = 0,1 m
E=
1
q
2
4 o r r
D = E
= DS
= 2 109
r = 1
E=
=Q
r =
=Q
D S = l
D 2 r l = l
E 2 r l = l
l
E=
=
2 r l 2 r
2 109
2 103
V
E=
=
=
= 359, 6
12
2 o r 2 3,14 8,854 10 0,1 5,56
m
______________________________________________________________________
3.15
Dane:
Eo = 2 105
V
m
Szukane:
Wzory:
E3 =
E=
r =
1
q
2
4 o r r
E1
E2
E2
E2
Eo
E1o
E2o
.
.
q1
q2
1
q
2
4 o r r
Eo
2
4 o r r 2
r 2 = a a to bok kwadratu
natenie pola od obu adunkw w trzecim wierzchoku
Eo
4 o r r 2
q1
q1
Eo
1
1
E1 =
2 =
= 2
=
2
2
4 o r a
4 o r r 2
8 o r r
2 2
E2 =
1
q2
4 o r a 2
1
q1
4 o r r 2 2
Eo
4 o r r 2
Eo
= 2
=
2
16 o r r
4 2
E=
( E2 ') + ( E2 ''+ E1 )
2
2
2
2
Eo
Eo Eo
Eo Eo 2 + 4 Eo
= + +
=
+
8 2
8 8 2 2
8
2
2
2
Eo Eo ( 2 + 4)
1 2 +4
E = +
= Eo +
=
8 2
8 8 2
8
2
1 2 +4
5
5
5 V
E = 2 10 +
= 2 10 0, 0156 + 0, 229 = 2 10 0, 495 0, 99 10
m
8 8 2
lub innym sposobem obliczamy dusz przektn rwnolegoboku, co na jedno powinno
wyj.
5
_____________________________________________________________________
3.16
Dane:
Szukane:
V
kV
= 30
m
cm
2
d = 2 cm = 2 10 m
Eo =
Emax = 30 105
U max =
Wzory:
E=
r =
U = 30 kV
U
d
rp = 1
U 30000
V
kV
V
=
= 15000
= 15
= 15 105
d
2
cm
cm
m
5
4
2
U max = Emax d = 30 10 2 10 = 60 kV = 6 10 V
______________________________________________________________________
3.17
Eo =
Dane:
Szukane:
S = 120 cm 2 = 1, 2 102 m 2
Q=
V
kV
= 30
m
cm
2
d = 2 cm = 2 10 m
Emax = 30 105
U = 30 kV
rp = 1
Wzory:
S
d
Q = U C
C =
r =
S
1, 2 102
= 8,854 1012
= 5, 3 1012 F
2
d
2 10
Q = U C = 30000 5, 3 1012 = 1,59 107 C
C =
______________________________________________________________________
3.18
Dane:
Szukane:
V
m
d = 0, 2 mm = 2 104 m
k = 2,5
U=
Emax = 35 106
Wzory:
E=
r =
U
d
U max = U k
U k = Emax d
U=
Emax d 35 106 2 10 4
=
= 2800 V = 2,8 kV
2,5
k
______________________________________________________________________
3.19
Dane:
Szukane:
Wzory:
S = 50 cm 2 = 5 103 m2
U = 120 V
E=
D = E
D=
d = 3 mm = 3 10 3 m
r = 2
= DS
U
E=
d
Q=
r =
U
120
V
=
= 40 103
3
d 3 10
m
D = E = o r E = 8,854 1012 2 40 103 = 7, 08 10 7 C / m 2
E=
Q = = D S = 7, 08 10 7 5 10 3 = 35, 4 10 10 C
______________________________________________________________________
3.20
Dane:
Szukane:
q = 5 1012 C
E1 =
U = 400 V
E2 =
d = 8 cm = 8 10 2 m
V1 =
r = 0, 5 cm = 0, 5 102 m
V2 =
Wzory:
E=
U
d
q
4 r 2
1
q
V=
4 r
E=
r =
U
400
V
=
= 5 103
2
d 8 10
m
1
q
5 1012
5 1012
V
Eq =
2 =
=
= 1, 798 103
2
16
12
2
4 r
27,8 10
m
4 3,14 8,854 10 ( 0,5 10 )
E=
V
m
V
E1 = E Eq = 5 103 1, 798 103 3, 2 103
m
+
d
Eq
r
d/2
Vk
V1k + Vq
E
V2k + Vq
E
Eq
Vo
q
5 1012
5 1012
=
=
= 9V
4 r 4 3,14 8,854 1012 0,5 102 55, 6 1014
U1
E=
d
+r
2
U2
E=
d
r
2
V2 = V2 k + Vq = 175 + 9 = 184 V
______________________________________________________________________
3.21
Dane:
Szukane:
Wzory:
C = 10 F
Q=
Q = U C
U = 300 V
Q = U C = 300 10 = 3000 C = 3 10 3 C = 0, 003 C
______________________________________________________________________
3.22
Dane:
Szukane:
Wzory:
______________________________________________________________________
3.23
Dane:
Szukane:
Wzory:
o = 8,854 1012 F / m
C=
Q = U C
S
C=
d
= o r
r = 7
S
3.24
Dane:
Szukane:
Wzory:
o = 8,854 1012 F / m
C=
S = 125 cm 2 cm = 0, 025 m2
d = 0,11 mm = 0,11 103 m
r = 2, 2
C=
r o S
d
Q = U C
S
C=
d
= o r
______________________________________________________________________
3.25
Dane:
Szukane:
Wzory:
o = 8,854 1012 F / m
C=
Q = U C
S
C=
d
= o r
S = 125 cm 2 cm = 0, 025 m2
d = 0,11 mm = 0,11 103 m
r = 2, 2
dodatkowa warstwa izolatora nie jest wkadana pomidzy aby zwikszy odlego pomidzy
okadzinami. Lecz na jedn okadzin. Po zwiniciu powstaje jakby dodatkowy rwnolegy
kondensator. Przy wikszej iloci zwojw spokojnie mona przyj pojemno razy dwa.
______________________________________________________________________
3.26
Dane:
Szukane:
Wzory:
o = 8,854 1012 F / m
d=
Q = U C
S
C= r o
d
= o r
S = 0, 02 m 2
C = 32 F
r = 11, 6
C=
d=
r o S
d
r o S
C
______________________________________________________________________
3.27
Dane:
Szukane:
Wzory:
o = 8,854 1012 F / m
r =
Q = U C
S
C= r o
d
= o r
S = 150 cm 2 = 150 10 4 m 2
C = 3,32 nF = 3,32 109 F
d = 0,1 mm = 104 m
C=
r o S
d
C d
3,32 10 9 104
3, 32 1013
=
=
= 2,5
r =
o S 8,854 1012 150 104 1328 1016
______________________________________________________________________
3.28
Dane:
Szukane:
Wzory:
o = 8,854 1012 F / m
r =
Q = U C
S
C= r o
d
= o r
R = 4 cm = 4 102 m
r = 0, 5 cm = 0, 5 102 m
n = 15
C = 3,32 nF = 3,32 109 F
d = 1 mm = 10 3 m
r = 1
1
1
1
R 2 r 2 = ( R 2 r 2 ) = 1, 57 15, 75 10 4 = 2, 47 10 3 m 2
2
2
2
pomidzy 15 pytkami jest 14 przestrzeni dielektrycznych czyli 14 rwnolegych
kondensatorw.
S
8,854 10 12 2, 47 103
= 14
= 306 1012 F = 306 pF
C = ( n 1) r o
d
103
S1 =
______________________________________________________________________
3.29
Dane:
Szukane:
o = 8,854 10
12
Wzory:
Q = U C
S
C= r o
d
2 l
C= r o
r
2,3log 2
r1
U
E=
d
= o r
U max =
F /m
l = 400 m
x = 4 mm = 4 103 m
d1 = 16 mm = 16 103 m
r = 2, 2
Emax = 150 105
V
m
+Q
-Q
r2
r1
=Q
DS = Q
ES = Q
E=
Q
Q
=
S 2 r l
Q
r2
Q E r2
U= =
= E r
r
r
E=
r1
r1
U = E d r =
r2
C=
C=
r2
Q
2 rl
dr =
r1
dr =
(ln r ln r ) =
(ln r
2 l r
2 l
2 l
1
r2
ln r1 ) =
Q
2 l
ln
Q 2 l
2 l
=
=
U ln r2 2, 3log r2
r1
r1
r o 2 l
2,3log
Ex =
r1 + x
r1
3.30
Dane:
Szukane:
Wzory:
o = 8,854 1012 F / m
r =
Q = U C
r2
r1
C=
r1 = 2 mm = 2 103 m
C=
r o S
d
r o 2 l
2,3log
r2
r1
U
d
= o r
C=
r o 2 l
2,3log
r2
r1
r2
2,5 103
10, 6 109 2,3log
r1
2 103 = 10,6 2,3 log1, 25 = 10, 6 2,3 0, 09691 1700
r =
=
12
o 2 l
8,854 10 2 3,14 2,5 10 2
139 105
139 105
C 2,3log
______________________________________________________________________
3.31
Dane:
Szukane:
o = 8,854 10
12
Wzory:
Q = U C
S
C= r o
d
2 l
C= r o
r
2,3log 2
r1
U
E=
d
= o r
Q=
F /m
Emax =
r1 = 2 mm = 2 103 m
r2 = 2,5 mm = 2,5 103 m
C = 10, 6 nF = 10, 6 109 F
U = 400 V
U
r1 2, 3 log
r2
r1
400
2 103 2,3 log
2, 5 10
2 103
400
V
8,97 105 ~
2 10 2,3 0, 0969
m
3
______________________________________________________________________
3.32
Dane:
Szukane:
Wzory:
o = 8,854 10
12
F /m
C=
l = 1 km = 10 m
3
a = 120 cm = 1, 2 m
d = 5 mm = 5 103 m
Q = U C
S
C= r o
d
2 l
C= r o
r
2,3log 2
r1
U
E=
d
= o r
=
l ln D
R1 R2
3
12
9
9
9
l
10 3,14 8,854 10
27,8 10
27,8 10
27,8 10
=
=
=
=
= 5, 07 109 F = 5, 07 nF
C =
D
1, 2
ln 240
ln 240
5, 48
ln
ln
3
3
R1 R2
5 10 5 10
C=
______________________________________________________________________
3.32a
Dane:
Szukane:
Wzory:
o = 8,854 1012 F / m
C=
Q = U C
S
C= r o
d
2 l
C= r o
r
2,3log 2
r1
U
E=
d
= o r
l = 1 km = 103 m
a = 120 cm = 1, 2 m
d = 5 mm = 5 103 m
C=
Q
V
C=
Q
V1 V2
Q
C
= l
l V1 V2
C
=
l V1 V2
y
a<1
a>1
a=const
a2=const
R2
h2
R1
r2
r1
-b
x
h1
a1=const
V ( P) =
ln r1 +
ln r2 =
ln 2 =
ln a
2
2
2 r1 2
linie ekwipotencjalne (to linia o tym samym potencjale) tworz punkty V ( P) = const .
Z rwnania moemy wyznaczy zaleno, z jak linie te s opisywane:
r1 = y 2 + ( x b) 2
r2 = y 2 + ( x + b) 2
r1
= a = const
r2
jest to rwnanie okrgu:
y 2 + ( x h) 2 = R 2
a2 + 1
h= 2 b
a 1
R=
2ab
a2 1
b2 = h2 R2
h+b
h+b
R
a=
=
=
h b hb
R
b pooenie osi elektrycznej powierzchni ekwipotencjalnej
h pooenie osi geometrycznej powierzchni ekwipotencjalnej
a parametr, przy ktrym linie ekwipotencjalne wyznaczaj powierzchnie
przewodnikw
R oznacza promie przewodu
Podstawiajc h = h1 i R = R1 oraz h = h2 i R = R2 otrzymamy dwie wartoci a
dla dwch przewodw:
a1 > 1, gdy r2 > r1 (prawa strona na rysunku dla dodatnich x) oraz
a2 < 1, gdy r2 < r1 (lewa strona na rysunku dla ujemnych x).
tu jeszcze par mdroci i wzr na pojemno linii:
C
=
R1 R2 to REDNICE przewodw
l ln D
R1 R2
C=
l
103 3,14 8,854 1012 27,8 109 27,8 109 27,8 109
=
=
=
=
= 5, 07 109 F = 5, 07 nF
D
1, 2
ln
240
ln
240
5,
48
ln
ln
R1 R2
5 103 5 103
______________________________________________________________________
3.32b
r2
r1
= const = a
r2
2
Po uwzgldnieniu r1 = ( b + x )2 + y 2 ;
r2 = ( b x ) + y 2
i wykonaniu przeksztace, wzr (3.55a) opisujcy linie
ekwipotencjalne przybiera posta
2
(3.56a)
1 + a2
2ab
b + y2 =
x
2
2
1 a
1 a
+ y2 = R2
1 + a2
b
1 a2
R=
2ab
1 a2
y0 = 0
r
r
ln 1,k +1 : 1,k
2 r2,k +1 r2,k
ln k +1
=
ak
2
(3.57a)
E = 1 1 + 2 2 (3.59)
2
Ppo podstawieniu
E =
1
(1 2 )
2
1 = 2 =
(3.59a)
otrzymamy
i wsprzdnych rodka x0 = 0;
y0 = bctg
gdzie: =
Krelc linie wektora E przyjmuje si, e przyrost strumienia midzy
ssiednimi liniami jest stay E = E ,k +1 E ,k = const (3.60)
2ab
(1 a 2 (
x0 =
1 + a2
b
1 a2
(3.61)
D = h1 + h2
na podstawie wzoru (3.62a) otrzymujemy
h1 =
D 2 + R12 R22
;
2D
h2 =
D 2 + R22 R12
2D
(3.63)
h1 =
D 2 + R12 R22
;
2D
h2 =
D 2 + R22 R12
2D
(3.63a)
przypadku gdy s one naadowane adunkami q1, q2, ... , qk, ..., qn, ich
potencjay mona wyrazi nastpujcymi wzorami:
V1 = 11q1 + 12 q2 + + 1k qk + 1 p q p + 1n qn
V2 = 21q1 + 22 q2 + + 2 k qk + 2 p q p + 2 n qn
Vk = k 1q1 + k 2 q2 + + kk qk + kp q p + kn qn
V p = p1q1 + p 2 q2 + + pk qk + pp q p + pn q
Vn = n1q1 + n 2 q2 + + nk qk + np q p + nn q1
(3.64)
V pp = pp q p
(3.64c)
Zatem
qk
1
=
kp pp Vkp V pp
a
ln 1
2 a2
(3.67)
gdzie:
a1, a2 - rozwizania rwnania (3.56) dla powierzchni przewodw.
W rwnaniu (3.56a) zamiast x0 wstawiamy h, natomiast R jest
promieniem przewodu. Zaoylimy przy tym, e przewody
rozpatrywanej linii s identyczne Wwczas po rozwizaniu rwnania
(3.56) otrzymamy
a1,2
h
h2
=
1
R
R2
(3.68)
Po uwzgldnieniu, e = q/l
2 l
C=
(3.69)
a
ln
a2
r12
h
h
ln +
1
:
2
2
R
R
R
R
h
ln +
2
R
h
>> 1
R
, wzr (3.71)
C=
l
2h
ln
R
czyli
C=
(3.72)
l
ln
D
R
l dugo linii
D odlego pomidzy przewodami
R promie przewodw
Q
V
C=
Q
V1 V2
Q
C
= l
l V1 V2
C
=
l V1 V2
y
a<1
a>1
a=const
a2=const
R2
h2
R1
r2
r1
-b
x
h1
a1=const
V ( P) =
ln r1 +
ln r2 =
ln 2 =
ln a
2
2
2 r1 2
linie ekwipotencjalne (to linia o tym samym potencjale) tworz punkty V ( P) = const .
Z rwnania moemy wyznaczy zaleno, z jak linie te s opisywane:
r1 = y 2 + ( x b) 2
r2 = y 2 + ( x + b) 2
r1
= a = const
r2
jest to rwnanie okrgu:
y 2 + ( x h) 2 = R 2
a2 + 1
b
a2 1
2ab
R= 2
a 1
h=
b2 = h2 R2
h+b
h+b
R
a=
=
=
h b hb
R
b pooenie osi elektrycznej powierzchni ekwipotencjalnej
h pooenie osi geometrycznej powierzchni ekwipotencjalnej
a parametr, przy ktrym linie ekwipotencjalne wyznaczaj powierzchnie
przewodnikw
R oznacza promie przewodu
Podstawiajc h = h1 i R = R1 oraz h = h2 i R = R2 otrzymamy dwie wartoci a
C
=
l ln D
R1 R2
R1 R2 to promienie przewodw
D odlego pomidzy przewodami
l dugo linii
______________________________________________________________________
3.33
Dane:
Szukane:
Wzory:
o = 8,854 1012 F / m
x=
Q = U C
2 l
C= r o
r
2,3log 2
r1
U
E=
d
= o r
U = 15 kV = 15 103 V
d = 12 mm = 12 103 m
Emax = 18 106
k = 2,5
V
m
d 12 103
=
= 6 103 V
2
2
U max = U k
r1 =
Emax =
U max
r1 2, 3log
Emax r1 2,3log
log
r2
r1
r2
= U max
r1
r2
U k
=
r1 Emax r1 2,3
log r2 log r1 =
log r2 =
U k
Emax r1 2,3
U k
15 103 2,5
37,5 103
3
+ log r1 =
+
log
6
10
=
2, 22184 = 2, 0708
Emax r1 2,3
18 106 6 10 3 2, 3
284, 4 103
log r2 = 2, 0708
r2 = 102,0708 = 0, 008496 m 8,5 103 m
x = r2 r1 = 8,5 103 6 103 = 2, 5 103 m = 2, 5 mm
______________________________________________________________________
3.34
Dane:
Szukane:
Wzory:
o = 8,854 1012 F / m
C1 =
S = 25 cm 2 = 25 104 m 2
Q1 =
Q = U C
S
C=
d
= o r
d = 2 mm = 2 10 m
U = 400 V
d1 = 4 mm = 4 10 3 m
E1 =
C2 =
Q2 =
E2 =
U2 =
U
V
400
=
= 2 105
3
d 2 10
m
12
S 8,854 10 25 104 221, 35 1016
C2 =
=
=
= 55,33 1012 F = 5, 53 pF
d1
4 103
2 103
E1 =
Q2 = Q1 = 4, 42 10 9 C
U2 =
Q2 4, 42 109
=
800 V
C2 5, 53 10 12
E2 =
U2
800
V
=
= 2 105
3
d1 4 10
m
______________________________________________________________________
3.35
Dane:
Szukane:
Wzory:
C1 = 200 pF = 2 1010 F
C=
1 1
1
= +
C C1 C2
C2 = 800 pF = 8 1010 F
C=
C1 C2
2 10 10 8 1010 16 10 20
=
=
= 1, 6 1010 F = 160 pF
10
10
10
C1 + C2 2 10 + 8 10
10 10
______________________________________________________________________
3.36
Dane:
Szukane:
Wzory:
C1 = 600 pF = 6 1010 F
C=
1 1
1
= +
C C1 C2
C1 C2
600 10 6000
=
=
9,84 pF
C1 + C2 600 + 10 610
C'=
C1 C2
600 300 180000
=
=
= 200 pF
C1 + C2 600 + 300
900
C = 9,84 200 pF
______________________________________________________________________
3.37
Dane:
Szukane:
Wzory:
C1 = 400 pF
Cx =
1 1
1
= +
C C1 C2
CZ 1 = 200 + 5% = 210 pF
CZ 2 = 200 5% = 190 pF
1
1
1
= +
CZ 1 C1 C2
C2 =
C2 ' =
C1 CZ 2
400 190 76000
=
=
= 361, 9 pF
C1 CZ 2 400 190
210
______________________________________________________________________
3.38
Dane:
Szukane:
Wzory:
C1 = 4 F
Q=
U=
Q = U C
1 1
1
= +
C C1 C2
C2 = 6 F
1 1
1
= +
C C1 C2
C=
C1 C2
4 6 24
=
=
= 2, 4 F
C1 + C2 4 + 6 10
Q = U C = 100 2, 4 = 240 C
Q1 = Q2 = Q
U1 =
Q 240
=
= 60 V
C1
4
U2 =
Q 240
=
= 40 V
C2
6
______________________________________________________________________
3.39
Dane:
Szukane:
Wzory:
C1 = 2 F = 2 106 F
U1 =
C2 = 4 F = 4 106 F
U2 =
C3 = 6 F = 6 106 F
U3 =
Q = U C
1 1
1
= +
C C1 C2
U = 22 kV = 22 103 V
1 1
1
1
= +
+
C C1 C2 C3
1 1 1 1 6 + 3 + 2 11
= + + =
=
C 2 4 6
12
12
12
C=
F
11
12
Q = U C = 22 103 10 6 = 24 103 C
11
Q1 = Q2 = Q3 = Q
U1 =
Q 24 10 3
=
= 12000 V = 12 kV
C1 2 10 6
U2 =
Q 24 103
=
= 6000 V = 6 kV
C2
4 106
U3 =
Q 24 103
=
= 4000 V = 4 kV
C3 6 106
______________________________________________________________________
3.40
Dane:
Szukane:
Wzory:
Czs = 200 pF
C1 =
Czr = 900 pF
C2 =
Q = U C
1 1
1
= +
C C1 C2
C = C1 + C2
C zr = C1 + C2
C2 = C zr C1
1
1
1
= +
Czs C1 C2
1
1
1
= +
Czs C1 C zr C1
C C1 + C1
1
= zr
Czs C1 (C zr C1 )
C zs =
C1 (Czr C1 )
C zr
C zs Czr = C1 C zr C12
C12 C1 C zr + C zs C zr = 0
C12 C1 900 + 200 900 = 0
C12 C1 900 + 180000 = 0
= b 2 4ac = 810000 720000 = 90000
C1 =
b 900 300
=
= 300 pF
2a
2
b + 900 + 300
=
= 600 pF
2a
2
C2 = C zr C1 = 900 300 = 600 pF
C1 =
______________________________________________________________________
3.41
Dane:
Szukane:
Wzory:
C1 = 6 nF = 6 109 F
C=
Q = U C
1 1
1
= +
C C1 C2
C2 = 12 F = 12 109 F
C3 = 18 F = 18 10 9 F
a)
1
1
1
= +
Cs C1 C2
Cs =
C1 C2
C1 + C2
C = Cs + C3 =
b)
C1 C2
6 12
72
+ C3 =
+ 18 =
+ 18 = 22 nF
C1 + C2
6 + 12
18
1
1
1
=
+
Cs C3 C2
Cs =
C3 C2
C3 + C2
C = Cs + C1 =
C3 C2
18 12
216
+ C1 =
+6 =
+ 6 = 13, 2 nF
18 + 12
30
C3 + C2
c)
Cr = C2 + C3 = 12 + 18 = 30 nF
1
1
1
=
+
C Cr C1
C=
Cr C1
30 6 180
=
=
= 5 nF
Cr + C1 30 + 6 36
______________________________________________________________________
3.42
Dane:
Szukane:
Wzory:
Cz =
Q = U C
1 1
1
= +
C C1 C2
a)
1
1 1 1 1 4
= + + + =
Cz C C C C C
Cz =
C
4
b)
Cz = C + C + C + C = 4 C
c)
C C
Cz = + = C
2 2
d)
2C 2C 4C2
Cz =
=
=C
2C + 2C 4C
e)
3C C 3C2 3
Cz =
=
= C
3C + C 4C 4
f)
C
4
Cz = + C = C
3
3
g)
Cr = 2 C
1
1 1
1
2
1
2 2C + C 5C
= + +
= +
=
=
2C C
2C2
Cz C C 2 C C 2 C
Cz =
h)
Cz =
2C2 2C
=
5C
5
C
5C
+C +C =
2
2
i)
Cs =
C
2
C 3 C
=
2
2
3C
3C2
C
C C
3 C
Cz = r
= 2
= 2 =
Cr + C 3 C + C 5 C
5
2
2
j)
Cr = 2 C
Cr = C + C s = C +
Cs =
Cr C
2C C 2C2 2C
=
=
=
Cr + C 2 C + C 3 C
3
C z = C + Cs = C +
2C 5C
=
3
3
______________________________________________________________________
3.43
Dane:
Szukane:
Wzory:
Cz =
Q = U C
1 1
1
= +
C C1 C2
C1 = C + C = 2 C
C2 =
C C1
C 2C 2C
=
=
C + C1 C + 2 C
3
2C 5C
=
3
3
5C
5C
C
C C3
3 = 3 = 5 C = 5 2 = 1, 25 F
Cz =
=
8
C + C3 C + 5 C
8
8
3
3
C3 = C + C2 = C +
______________________________________________________________________
3.44
Dane:
Szukane:
Wzory:
Cz =
Q = U C
1 1
1
= +
C C1 C2
C1 = C + C = 2 C
C2 =
C C1
C 2C 2C
=
=
C + C1 C + 2 C
3
2C 5C
=
3
3
5C
5C
C
C C3
3 = 3 = 5 C = 5 2 = 1, 25 F
Cz =
=
8
8
8
C + C3 C + 5 C
3
3
C3 = C + C2 = C +
Dane:
Szukane:
Wzory:
Cx =
Q = U C
1 1
1
= +
C C1 C2
C1 = C2 = 300 pF = 300 10 12 F
C3 = C4 = 600 pF = 600 10 12 F
C5 = 1, 2 nF = 1, 2 10 9 F
1
1
1
=
+
C C5 Cz1
C z1 =
C C5
0, 48 1, 2 0,576
=
=
= 0,8 nF = 800 pF
C5 C 1, 2 0, 48 0, 72
C z1 = C1 + Cz 2
C z 2 = Cz1 C1 = 800 300 = 500 pF
Cz 3 =
C2 C3
300 600 180000
=
=
= 200 pF
C3 + C2 600 + 300
900
C z 2 = Cz 4 + Cz 3
C z 4 = Cz 2 C z 3 = 500 200 = 300 pF
1
1
1
=
+
C z 4 C4 C x
Cx =
C4 C z 4
600 300 180000
=
=
= 600 pF
C4 C z 4 600 300
300
______________________________________________________________________
3.45
Dane:
Szukane:
Wzory:
Cx =
Q = U C
1 1
1
= +
C C1 C2
C1 = C2 = 300 pF = 300 10 12 F
C3 = C4 = 600 pF = 600 10 12 F
C5 = 1, 2 nF = 1, 2 10 9 F
C x = 600 pF = 600 10 12 F
U = 600 V
1
1
1
=
+
C C5 Cz1
C z1 =
C C5
0, 48 1, 2 0,576
=
=
= 0,8 nF = 800 pF
C5 C 1, 2 0, 48 0, 72
C z1 = C1 + Cz 2
C z 2 = Cz1 C1 = 800 300 = 500 pF
Cz 3 =
C2 C3
300 600 180000
=
=
= 200 pF
900
C3 + C2 600 + 300
C z 2 = Cz 4 + Cz 3
C z 4 = Cz 2 C z 3 = 500 200 = 300 pF
1
1
1
=
+
C z 4 C4 C x
Cx =
C4 C z 4
600 300 180000
=
=
= 600 pF
C4 C z 4 600 300
300
______________________________________________________________________
3.46
Dane:
Szukane:
Wzory:
C2 = C3 = C4 = 1 nF = 109 F
C1 =
Q = U C
1 1
1
= +
C C1 C2
C1_ 2 = C1_ 3
C1_ 2 = C1 + C234
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
=
+
+
=
+
+
=
C234 C2 C3 C4 1nF 1nF 1nF 1nF
1nF 1
= nF
3
3
1
C1_ 2 = C1 +
3
C1_ 3 = C1_ 2 + C3_ 4
C234 =
C1_ 3 =
C C
C1 C2
C 1 1 1
+ 3 4 = 1 +
C1 + C2 C3 + C4 C1 + 1 1 + 1
C1_ 2 = C1_ 3
C1 +
C
1
1
= 1 +
3 C1 + 1 2
C1 =
C1
1 1
+
C1 + 1 2 3
C1 =
1
C1
+
C1 + 1 6
6 C1 (C1 + 1) = 6 C1 + C1 + 1
6 C12 + 6 C1 = 6 C1 + C1 + 1
6 C12 C1 1 = 0
= b 2 4ac = 1 + 24 = 25
C1 ' =
b 1 5
1
=
=
odrzucamy
2a
12
3
C1 =
b + 1 + 5
=
= 0, 5 nF
2a
12
______________________________________________________________________
3.47
Dane:
Szukane:
Wzory:
C1 = 6 F = 6 10 6 F
Q1 =
Q = U C
1 1
1
= +
C C1 C2
C2 = 3 F = 3 106 F
C3 = 4 F = 4 106 F
U = 300 V
Q2 =
Q3 =
U1 =
U2 =
U3 =
w tym zadaniu, w wydaniu z roku 1999 jest bd drukarski przy podanej pojemnoci C1
waciwa dana jest tu uwzgldniona.
1
1
1
= +
C12 C1 C2
C12 =
C1 C2
63
=
= 2 F
C1 + C2 6 + 3
C = C12 + C3 = 2 + 4 = 6 F = 6 106 F
Q = U C = 300 6 10 6 = 1,8 103 C
U3 = U
Q3 = U 3 C3 = 300 4 106 = 1, 2 10 3 C
Q = Q3 + Q1_ 2
Q1_ 2 = Q Q3 = 1,8 10 3 1, 2 103 = 0, 6 103 C
Q1_ 2 = Q1 = Q2
Q1 0, 6 103
U1 =
=
= 100 V
C1
6 10 6
U 2 = U U1 = 300 100 = 200 V
______________________________________________________________________
3.48
Dane:
Szukane:
Wzory:
C1 = 4 F = 4 106 F
C2 =
Q = U C
1 1
1
= +
C C1 C2
U1 = 220 V
U 2 = 88 V
Q = U1 C1 = 220 4 10 6 = 8,8 10 4 C
Q = U 2 Cz
Cz =
Q 8,8 104
=
= 10 5 F = 10 F
U2
88
C z = C1 + C2
C2 = C z C1 = 10 4 = 6 F
______________________________________________________________________
3.49
Dane:
Szukane:
Wzory:
U1,2,3,4 =
Q = U C
1 1
1
= +
C C1 C2
Q1,2,3,4 =
I = 3,5 A
R = 20
C1 = 1 F = 10 6 F
C2 = 5 F = 5 106 F
C3 = 3 F = 3 106 F
C1 = 2 F = 2 106 F
U = I R = 3,5 20 = 70 V
Q = U C1 = 70 10 6 = 70 10 6 C
C z1 =
C2 (C3 + C4 ) 5 (3 + 2)
=
= 2, 5 F
C2 + C3 + C4
5+3+ 2
Q 70 10 6
=
= 20 V
C 3, 5 106
Q1 = U1 C1 = 20 1 = 20 106 C = 20 C
Q = Q1 + Qz1
Qz1 = Q Q1 = 70 10 6 20 10 6 = 50 106 C = 50 C
Qz1 = Q2
U2 =
Q2 50 106
=
= 10 V
C2
5 10 6
U 3,4 = U1 U 2 = 20 10 = 10 V
Q3 = U 3 C3 = 10 3 106 = 30 C
Q4 = U 4 C4 = 10 2 106 = 20 C
______________________________________________________________________
3.50
Dane:
Szukane:
Wzory:
E = 150 V
U=
Rw = 2
Q=
R1 = 16
Ip =
Q = U C
1 1
1
= +
C C1 C2
E = U + I Rw
U = I R
R2 = 8
R3 = 32
C = 0, 5 F = 0, 5 106 F
U = I R3 = 3 32 = 96 V
Q = U C = 96 0,5 106 = 48 106 C = 48 C
______________________________________________________________________
3.51
Dane:
Szukane:
Wzory:
U = 50 V
R1 = 64
U1,2 =
Q = U C
1 1
1
= +
C C1 C2
U = I R
R2 = 36
U1w,2 w =
C1 = 80 nF = 80 10 9 F
C2 = 20 nF = 20 10 9 F
Otwarty
C C
80 20
C= 1 2 =
= 16 nF
C1 + C2 80 + 20
Q = U C = 50 16 10 9 = 800 10 9 C
U1 =
Q 800 109
=
= 10 V
C1 80 109
Q 800 109
=
= 40 V
C2
20 10 9
Zamknity
U
50
I=
=
= 0,5 A
R1 + R2 64 + 36
U2 =
U1w = I R1 = 0,5 64 = 32 V
U 2 w = I R2 = 0, 5 36 = 18 V
______________________________________________________________________
3.52
Dane:
Szukane:
Wzory:
U = 240 V
R1 = 100
U1,2,3 =
Q = U C
1 1
1
= +
C C1 C2
U = I R
R2 = 50
Q1,2,3 =
R3 = 150
C1 = 1 F = 106 F
C2 = 3 F = 3 106 F
I=
U
240
=
= 0,8 A
R1 + R2 + R3 100 + 50 + 150
U C1 = U U R1 = U I R1 = 240 80 = 160 V
Q1 = U C1 C1 = 160 10 6 = 0,16 10 3 C
U C 23 = I R3 = 0,8 150 = 120 V
C=
C3 C2
23
=
= 1, 2 F = 1, 2 106 F
C3 + C2 2 + 3
Q 144 106
=
=
= 48 V
C2
3 106
Q 144 10 6
=
= 72 V
C3
2 106
______________________________________________________________________
UC3 =
3.53
Dane:
Szukane:
Wzory:
C1 = 6 F = 6 10 6 F
Q4 =
C2 = 3 F = 3 106 F
U4 =
Q = U C
1 1
1
= +
C C1 C2
C3 = 4 F = 4 10 6 F
U = 300 V
C4 = 1,5 F = 1,5 106 F
w tym zadaniu 3.47, w wydaniu z roku 1999 jest bd drukarski przy podanej pojemnoci C1
waciwa dana jest tu uwzgldniona (porwnane z wczeniejszym wydaniem).
1
1
1
= +
C12 C1 C2
C12 =
63
C1 C2
=
= 2 F
C1 + C2 6 + 3
C = C12 + C3 = 2 + 4 = 6 F = 6 106 F
Q = U C = 300 6 10 6 = 1,8 103 C
C z = C + C4 = 6 10 6 + 1,5 10 6 = 7,5 106 F
Uz =
Q 1,8 103
=
= 240 V
Cz 7,5 10 6
Uz = U4
Q4 = U 4 C4 = 240 1,5 106 = 0,36 103 C
______________________________________________________________________
3.54
Dane:
Szukane:
Wzory:
C1 = 7, 2 nF = 7, 2 109 F
Ux =
Q = U C
1 1
1
= +
C C1 C2
C2 = 800 pF = 0,8 10 9 F
U = 100 V
1 1
1
= +
C C1 C2
C=
C1 C2
7, 2 10 9 0,8 10 9 5, 76 10 18
=
=
= 0, 72 109 F
C1 + C2 7, 2 109 + 0,8 109
8 109
Q 72 10 9
=
= 10 V
C1 7, 2 10 9
U2 =
Q 72 109
=
= 90 V
C2 0,8 109
______________________________________________________________________
3.55
Dane:
Szukane:
Wzory:
C1 =
Q = U C
1 1
1
= +
C C1 C2
Cv = 20 pF = 20 10 12 F
U v = 150 V
U = 1500 V
3.56
Dane:
Szukane:
Wzory:
C1 = 2 nF = 2 109 F
U CD =
Q = U C
1 1
1
= +
C C1 C2
C2 = 4 nF = 4 10 9 F
C3 = 6 nF = 6 109 F
C4 = 3 nF = 3 109 F
U AB = 144 V
C1 C2
2 10 9 4 10 9
8 1018
= 144
= 144
= 192 109 C
Q12 = U AB
9
9
9
2 10 + 4 10
6 10
C1 + C2
U2 =
U 2 = U CB
C3 C4
6 10 9 3 109
18 10 18
= 144
= 144
= 288 10 9 C
Q34 = U AB
9
9
9
6 10 + 3 10
9 10
C3 + C4
U4 =
U 4 = U DB
U CD = U CB U DB = 48 96 = 48 V
______________________________________________________________________
3.57
Dane:
Szukane:
Wzory:
C1 = 2 nF = 2 109 F
U AB =
Q = U C
1 1
1
= +
C C1 C2
C2 = 4 nF = 4 10 9 F
C3 = 6 nF = 6 109 F
C4 = 3 nF = 3 109 F
U CD = 6 V
Q12 = U AB
C1 C2
2 109 4 109
8 1018
4
= U AB
=
U
= U AB 109 C
AB
9
9
9
C1 + C2
2 10 + 4 10
6 10
3
Q12 = Q2
4
U AB 10 9
Q
U
3
U2 = 2 =
= AB
9
C2
4 10
3
U 2 = U CB
Q34 = U AB
C3 C4
6 109 3 109
18 1018
U
= U AB
=
= U AB 2 109 C
AB
9
9
9
C3 + C4
6 10 + 3 10
9 10
Q34 = Q4
U4 =
Q4 U AB 2 109 2
=
= U AB
3 10 9
3
C4
U 4 = U DB
U CD = U DB U CB
2 U AB U AB
3
3
U AB = 18 V
6=
______________________________________________________________________
3.58
Dane:
Szukane:
Wzory:
S = 100 cm 2 = 102 m 2
C=
Cs =
Q = U C
1 1
1
= +
C C1 C2
S
C =
d
1 U
E=
4 d
d = 4 mm = 4 103 m
d s = 2 mm = 2 103 m
r = 7
U = 10 kV = 104 V
F
o = 8,854 1012
m
Ep =
E ps =
U=
nie opisano jak jest woona ta pytka szklana wiec przyjmuj wersj atwiejsz e woona
jest tak e dotyka jednej z okadzin. Zreszt sposb woenia nie ma wpywu na pojemno
zastpcz tylko problemy z obliczaniem napicia i natenia pola.
S
10 2
C = = 8,854 1012
22,14 1012 F
3
d
4 10
Cp = o
S
8,854 1012 10 2
=
44, 27 1012 F
3
3
d ds
4 10 2 10
S 8,854 7 1012 10 2
Cs = o r =
309,89 1012 F
3
ds
2 10
1
1
1
=
+
C x C p Cs
Cx =
C p Cs
C p + Cs
38, 74 108
Q
=
8750 V
C p 44, 27 1012
38, 74 10 8
Q
=
1250 V
Us =
Cs 309,89 1012
U 10000
V
=
= 25 105
3
d 4 10
m
Up
8750
V
=
= 43, 75 105
E ps =
3
d s 2 10
m
wersja 2. dla dowolnego woenia tej pytki:
Ep =
d-d s -x
d
pytka szklana
ds
x
x (0 ; 2 103 m)
S
C p1 = o
d ds x
Cp2 = o
S
x
S 8,854 7 1012 10 2
=
309,89 1012 F
ds
2 10 3
Cs = o r
1
1
1
1
=
+
+
=
C x C p1 C s C p 2
o
1
S
d ds x
o r
S
ds
S
x
ds
(d d s x) r
ds
1 d ds x
x
x r
=
+
+
=
+
+
Cx
o S
o r S o S
o r S
o r S o r S
1 (d d s x) r + d s + x r
=
Cx
o r S
o r S
o r S
8,854 10 12 7 10 2
Cx =
=
=
d r d s r x r + d s + x r d r d s r + d s 4 103 7 2 10 3 7 + 2 103
8,854 1012 7 102 61, 978 1014
=
38, 74 1012 F
3
3
3
2 10 7 + 2 10
16 10
12
Q = U C = 10000 38, 74 10 = 38, 74 108 C
Cx =
Us =
Q
38, 74 108
=
1250 V
Cs 309,89 10 12
U p1 =
U p1 =
Q
=
C p1
Q
38, 74 108
(2 10 3 x) 38, 74 10 8
=
=
= (2 10 3 x) 4,375 106 V
o S
8,854 10 12 102
8,854 10 14
d d s x 4 103 2 103 x
Q
Q
38, 74 108
x 38, 74 108
=
=
=
= x 4,375 106 V
C p1 o S 8,854 1012 102
8,854 10 14
x
x
U 10000
V
=
= 25 105
3
d 4 10
m
3
U p1
(2 10 x) 4, 375 106
V
E ps1 =
=
= 43, 75 105
3
d ds x
2 10 x
m
Ep =
E ps 2 =
U p2
x
x 4,375 106
V
= 43, 75 105
x
m
3.59
Dane:
Szukane:
Wzory:
S = 100 cm 2 = 102 m 2
C=
Cs =
Q = U C
1 1
1
= +
C C1 C2
S
C =
d
1 U
E=
4 d
d = 4 mm = 4 103 m
d s = 2 mm = 2 103 m
r = 7
U = 10 kV = 104 V
F
o = 8,854 1012
m
Ep =
E ps =
U=
nie opisano jak jest woona ta pytka szklana wiec przyjmuj wersj atwiejsz e woona
jest tak e dotyka jednej z okadzin. Zreszt sposb woenia nie ma wpywu na pojemno
zastpcz tylko problemy z obliczaniem napicia i natenia pola.
S
10 2
12
C = = 8,854 10
22,14 1012 F
3
d
4 10
S
8,854 1012 10 2
Cp = o
=
44, 27 1012 F
d ds
4 103 2 103
Cs = o r
S 8,854 7 1012 10 2
=
309,89 1012 F
ds
2 10 3
1
1
1
=
+
C x C p Cs
Cx =
C p Cs
C p + Cs
Q
38, 74 10 8
=
1250 V
Cs 309,89 1012
U 10000
V
=
= 25 105
3
d 4 10
m
Up
8750
V
E ps =
=
= 43, 75 105
3
d s 2 10
m
wersja 2. dla dowolnego woenia tej pytki:
Ep =
d-d s -x
d
ds
pytka szklana
x (0 ; 2 103 m)
S
C p1 = o
d ds x
Cp2 = o
S
x
Cs = o r
S 8,854 7 1012 10 2
=
309,89 1012 F
ds
2 10 3
1
1
1
1
=
+
+
=
C x C p1 C s C p 2
o
1
S
d ds x
o r
S
ds
S
x
ds
(d d s x) r
ds
1 d ds x
x
x r
=
+
+
=
+
+
Cx
o S
o r S o S
o r S
o r S o r S
1 (d d s x) r + d s + x r
=
Cx
o r S
Cx =
o r S
o r S
8,854 10 12 7 10 2
=
=
d r d s r x r + d s + x r d r d s r + d s 4 103 7 2 10 3 7 + 2 103
Q
38, 74 108
=
1250 V
Cs 309,89 10 12
U p1 =
U p1 =
Q
=
C p1
Q
38, 74 108
(2 10 3 x) 38, 74 10 8
=
=
= (2 10 3 x) 4,375 106 V
12
2
14
o S
8,854 10 10
8,854 10
3
3
d d s x 4 10 2 10 x
38, 74 108
x 38, 74 108
Q
Q
=
=
= x 4,375 106 V
=
12
2
14
8,854 10 10
8,854 10
C p1
o
x
x
U 10000
V
=
= 25 105
3
d 4 10
m
3
U p1
(2 10 x) 4, 375 106
V
E ps1 =
=
= 43, 75 105
3
d ds x
2 10 x
m
Ep =
x 4,375 106
V
= 43, 75 105
x
x
m
U
1250
V
Es = s =
= 6, 25 105
3
d s 2 10
m
E ps 2 =
U p2
Bardziej wytrzymay jest ukad bez pytki szklanej poniewa E p < E p _ max , w drugim
wykonaniu z pytk szklan natenie pola E p w kondensatorze jest wiksze ni maksymalna
wytrzymao elektryczna powietrza na przebicie. Natenie pola w pytce szklanej jest
poniej progu przebicia.
______________________________________________________________________
3.60
Dane:
Szukane:
Wzory:
S = 800 cm 2 = 8 102 m 2
F=
Q = U C
1 1
1
= +
C C1 C2
S
C =
d
1 U
E=
4 d
C U 2
F=
2d
d = 2 mm = 2 103 m
r = 7
U = 2, 4 kV = 2400 V
F
o = 8,854 1012
m
S
8 10 2
= 8,854 1012 7
2479 1012 F
3
d
2 10
2
12
2
C U
2479 10 2400
F=
=
= 3,57 N
2d
2 2 103
C = o r
______________________________________________________________________
3.61
Dane:
Szukane:
Wzory:
C = 4 nF = 4 109 F
d=
Q = U C
1 1
1
= +
C C1 C2
S
C =
d
1 U
E=
4 d
C U 2
F=
2d
U = 500 V
o = 8,854 1012
F
m
F =2N
C U 2
2d
C U 2 4 109 5002
d=
=
= 0, 25 103 m = 0, 25 mm
2 F
22
F=
_____________________________________________________________________
3.62
Dane:
Szukane:
Wzory:
C1 = 6 F = 6 10 6 F
U=
Q = U C
1 1
1
= +
C C1 C2
C2 = 4 F = 4 106 F
U1 = 300 V
U 2 = 200 V
Q=
Q1 = C1 U1 = 6 106 300 = 18 10 4 C
Q2 = C2 U 2 = 4 10 6 200 = 8 10 4 C
Q = Q1 + Q2 = 18 104 + 8 10 4 = 26 104 C
C = C1 + C2 = 6 10 6 + 4 106 = 10 10 6 F
Q 26 104
=
= 260 V
C 10 10 6
Q1 ' = C1 U = 6 10 6 260 = 1, 56 10 3 C
U=
______________________________________________________________________
3.63
Dane:
Szukane:
Wzory:
C1 = 6 F = 6 10 6 F
U=
Q=
Q = U C
1 1
1
= +
C C1 C2
C2 = 4 F = 4 10 6 F
U1 = 300 V
U 2 = 200 V
Q1 = C1 U1 = 6 106 300 = 18 10 4 C
Q2 = C2 U 2 = 4 106 200 = 8 10 4 C
U=
___________________________________________________________________
3.64
Dane:
Szukane:
Wzory:
C = 800 F = 0,8 10 3 F
W=
Q = U C
U = 300 V
Q=
W=
C U 2
2
Q = U C = 300 0,8 10 3 = 0, 24 C
W=
______________________________________________________________________
3.65
Dane:
Szukane:
U=
W = 45 J
Wzory:
W=
C U 2
2
C U 2
2
2 W
2 45
=
424 V
U=
C
0,5 103
W=
______________________________________________________________________
3.66
Dane:
Szukane:
Wzory:
C = 20 F = 20 10 6 F
U=
Q = U C
W = 0, 4 J
C U 2
2
2 W
2 0, 4
U=
=
= 200 V
C
20 10 6
W=
C U 2
W=
2
______________________________________________________________________
3.67
Dane:
Szukane:
Wzory:
C=
Q=
Q = U C
S
C =
d
C U 2
W=
2
d = 4,5 mm = 4,5 10 3 m
E=
U = 8 kV = 8 103 V
F=
r = 5
o = 8,854 1012
C = o r
W=
F
m
S 8,854 10 12 5 20 104
=
= 19, 67 10 12 F
d
4, 5 103
U
8000
V
kV
=
= 1, 778 106 = 17, 78
3
d 4,5 10
m
cm
F=
W=
______________________________________________________________________
3.68
Dane:
Szukane:
Wzory:
W =
W1 =
Q = U C
S
C =
d
C U 2
W=
2
W = W1 W
d = 2 mm = 2 103 m
U = 3 kV = 3 103 V
d1 = 10 mm = 10 2 m
o = 8,854 1012
F
m
W=
W=
W1 =
______________________________________________________________________
3.69
Dane:
Szukane:
Wzory:
C1 = 20 F = 20 10 6 F
W1 =
Q = U C
C2 = 20 F = 20 106 F
W2 =
C U 2
W=
2
U = 100 V
Q = U C1 = 100 20 10 6 = 2 103 C
W1 =
C1 U 2 20 106 (100)2
=
= 0,1 J
2
2
U2 =
Q
2 103
=
= 50 V
C1 + C2 20 10 6 + 20 106
C1 U 2 2 20 106 (50) 2
=
= 0, 025 J
2
2
C2 U 2 2 20 106 (50)2
W2 ' =
=
= 0, 025 J
2
2
W1 ' =
______________________________________________________________________
3.70
Dane:
Szukane:
Wzory:
Q = U C
C1 = 4 F = 4 106 F
W1 =
C2 = 6 F = 6 10 6 F
W'=
U = 1200 V
U2 =
W=
C U 2
2
Q = U C1 = 1200 4 10 6 = 4,8 10 3 C
W1 =
C1 U 2 4 106 (1200) 2
=
= 2,88 J
2
2
U2 =
Q
4,8 10 3
=
= 480 V
C1 + C2 4 106 + 6 106
C1 U 2 2 4 106 (480) 2
=
= 0, 4608 J
2
2
C U 2 6 10 6 (480) 2
W2 ' = 2 2 =
= 0, 6912 J
2
2
W ' = W1 '+ W2 ' = 0, 4608 + 0, 6912 = 1,152 J
W1 ' =
______________________________________________________________________
3.71
Dane:
Szukane:
Wzory:
C1 = C2 = C3 = 20 F = 20 10 6 F
W=
Q = U C
U = 300 V
W'=
W=
C U 2
2
C p1 = C1 + C3 = 20 + 20 = 40 F
C=
C 2 C p1
C2 + C p1
20 40 800 40
=
=
F = 13,33 F = 13, 33 106 F
20 + 40 60
3
Q = U C = 300
U2 =
40 6
10 = 4 10 3 C
3
Q
4 103
=
= 200 V
C2 20 106
C1 U p12
2
C3 U p12
2
C2 U p12
20 106 (100) 2
=
= 0,1 J
2
=
20 106 (100)2
= 0,1 J
2
20 10 6 (200) 2
= 0, 4 J
2
2
W = W1 + W2 + W3 = 0,1 + 0,1 + 0, 4 = 0, 6 J
W3 =
Q2 = Q = 4 10 3 C
Q3 = U p1 C3 = 100 20 106 = 2 10 3 C
Q1 = U p1 C1 = 100 20 106 = 2 10 3 C
po przeczeniu, C2 i C3 poczone zostan okadkami przeciwnie naadowanymi
(w takim przypadku cz adunku idzie w iskr/bysk )
Q p 2 = Q2 Q3 = 4 103 2 103 = 2 103 C
teraz kondensator C1 ma taki sam adunek jak rwnolegle poczone C2 i C3
wic pasuje (bo w szeregowym ukadzie adunki s takie same) i nie zachodzi dodatkowy
przepyw adunku.
______________________________________________________________________