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I.
INTRODUCTION
SPECTRAL PROPERTIES
The one-sided power-spectral density (PSD) of the signal y(t) is dened as follows:
2
tf
2
i2f t
dt y(t) e
S(f ) = lim
T T t
i
(2)
(f )
4 a2 2
S(f ) =
+1
(3)
Re
1 + (2f )2
1 (f )
for possibly overlapping pulses and
1 i2f (1 (f ))
4 a2 2
Re
S(f ) =
1 + (2f )2
(1 (f )) i2f
(4)
for non-overlapping pulses (this case is often called random telegraph noise). Here Re denotes the real part,
(f ) and (f ) are the characteristic functions of k
the and k , respectively. is the average rate of pulse
1 for the reoccurrence which is = 1 and = (+ )
spective cases (3) and (4), and , and are the averages
of the quantities k , k and k , respectively.
<1
() 2 1 < 2
(7)
0
2
IV.
POWER-LAW SPECTRA
1
f
V.
(5)
(6)
1
2
3
4
F. Gr
uneis, Fluct. Noise Lett. 9, No. 2, 229-243 (2010).
T. Grasser, Microelectron. Reliability 52, 39-70 (2012).