4th Ministry of Public Works Engineering

Conference

Presented by
Denita Crandon
Sheleza Reid
6th February, 2014

Objectives

To review the current DBST designs

used in Guyana and internationally.

To review the current DBST construction

and quality control methods in Guyana
and internationally.

To recommend design changes in DBST

aimed at improving service life.

What is DBST?

Double bituminous surface treatment is

a term describing a common type of
pavement construction which involves
two applications of asphalt binder
material and mineral aggregate, usually
less than 19 mm (3/4 in.) thick, placed
on a prepared surface.

Why is DBST used

Low cost

Nearly waterproof

Wear-resistant surface that preforms
well under medium and low volumes of
traffic.

Skid-resistant wearing surface.

Application

The asphalt binder

material (emulsion,
cutback,
and
asphalt cement) is
applied
by
a
pressure distributor
to the base coarse

In Guyana.

Application

Application
aggregate

of

Rolling
with
a
rubber-tired roller
until the aggregate
becomes
firmly
embedded in the
asphalt binder

Application

Repeat process for

the
second
application
of
bituminous material
and
mineral
aggregate

Application of sand
seal

List of Equipment

Binder Distributor

List of Equipment

Chip Spreaders and Hauler Truck

List of Equipment

Rollers
 Pneumatic-Tired

Rollers
 Rubber-Soled

Steel-Wheeled
Rollers
 Steel-Wheeled

Rollers

List of Equipment

Brooms
 Drag Broom
 Rotary Broom

.In Guyana

List of Equipment

Pre coating Plant

Miscellaneous
Equipment

Design Methods
Service Life of DBST
Service Life of DBST
12
9.6

10

8
Years

5.76

5.33

4
2
2

0
United States

Canada

New Zealand and

Australia
Country

Guyana

Design Methods

Pre-Design Considerations
 Identifying Appropriate Pavements to Chip

Seal/DBST
 Evaluating the Pavement
 Materials
Aggregates
Emulsion

Design Methods

Materials
 Aggregate gradation used
Percentage by Mass Passing
Sieve Size

USA and
Canada

NZ and Australia

Guyana

100

100-85

100

90

5/8

35-0

3/8

100

70-90

No.4

10-1

No.8

5-0

7-0

2-0

No.16
No.30
No.40

0-4

No.50
No.200

0-1

1-0

Design Methods

Materials
 Average Least Dimension

ALD = [M/1.139285 + (0.011506) x FI]

Where,

M = median particle size from sieve

analysis
FI = Flakiness Index

Design Methods

Emulsion Properties
 Maximum Storage Temperature (C)
Materials

Maximum Storage Temperature (C)

Over 24 hours

Up to 24 hours

RC-250

60

90

MC-800

75

125

MC-3000

100

155

60%

Air Temp.

60

65%

Air Temp.

60

70%

Air Temp.

60

Cut-Back Bitumen

Bituminous Emulsions

Design Methods

Emulsion Properties
 Heating and Spraying Rate(C)
Materials

Heating and Spraying Rate(C)

Minimum

Maximum

Recommended

RC-250

90

115

100

MC-800

110

135

125

MC-3000

135

155

145

60%

Air

60

60

65%

Air

60

60

70%

Air

60

60

Cut-Back Bitumen

Bituminous Emulsions

Design Methods

DBST Design
 Emulsion Application Rate

   
where:




ESR = Emulsion Spray Rate ( l/m2 at

15C)
R=
Residual Binder Application Rate
(l/m2) at 15
EBC = Emulsion Binder Content (%)
Hfe = Heating factor to compensate for
volume changes due to elevated
spraying temperatures

Design Method

Residual Binder Application Rate

            

where:

R=

Final residual binder application rate

in l/m2 at 15C
Vb = Basic application rate

Vb = (ALD + 0.7Td) (0.291 0.025 log10 (2.0 v/l/d 100))








Td = texture depth (mm) derived from the sand circle test

As = Allowance for an absorptive surface
Ss = Allowance for a soft substrate
Gs = Allowance for a steep grade
Cs = Allowance for chip shape
Us = Allowance for urban and/or low traffic volumes

Design Method

DBST Design
 Aggregate Application Rate
 S 



"# /"%
 !

Design Method

Material Application Rate

Binder Application Rate
Country

Aggregate Size
Guyana
Previous
# 3/8 - # 5/8 chips

# 8 " chips

New Zealand

Australia

Current

0.96 litre/sq. m

0.82-1.18 litre/sq. m

1.25 litre/sq. m

0.8-1.2 litre/sq. m

1.87 litre/sq. m

0.41- 0.82 litre/sq.

m

1.88 litre/sq. m

0.8-1.2 litre/sq. m

Aggregate Spread Rate

# 3/8 - # 5/8 chips

189 sq. m /cu m

90 120 sq. m /cu

m

132.35 sq. m /cu m

130 150sq. m
/cu m

# 8 - " chips

83 sq. m/cu m

120 - 175 sq. m/cu

m

56.56 sq. m /cu m

95 110 sq. m
/cu m

0.7 to 1.1 L/m2

N/A

N/A

0.003 to 0.007m3/m2

N/A

N/A

Sand Seal Application Rate

Bituminous
Material
Cover Material

Quality Control
Aggregate Sieve Analysis

Moisture Content of System

Embedment Depth Measurement During
Construction

Field Viscosity

Recommendations

Internationally
Methods

Recommended

Test

 Spreading Procedure in the Lab and in the

Field
 Submerging Procedure in the Lab and in the
Field

Recommendations

Local Recommendations
 Stockpiling of Aggregates
 Opening to Traffic
 Method of Distribution
 Bleeding

Recommendations

Troubleshooting Chip Seal Problems in

Guyana

Summary of Findings

The service life of DBST roads is

Guyana is approximately 2 years or
less, as opposed to international road
projects which have a life span ranging
between five to ten years.

An increase in the rate of application of

the bituminous binder would increase
the service life of the DBST roads in
Guyana.

Summary of Findings

Proper stockpiling of aggregates, methods

of distribution, and rerouting of traffic all
play a very important role in increasing the
life of a DBST road. In addition to this, the
Engineer or clerk of Works needs to ensure
that mixing of the binder with diluents is
accurate to ensure a proper bind.

Sand seal at the specified in each bill

should be used. Too much sand absorbs
the binder and reduces the bondage
between the aggregate and the bitumen.

Summary of Findings

DBST

Roads in New Zealand

Summary of Findings

DBST

Roads in Guyana

References

Austroads. 2000. Guide to the selection of road surfacings. Austroads

Publication No. AP-63/00. 82pp. Austroads, Sydney, NSW.
National Asset Management Steering (NAMS) Group. 1996. New
Zealand Infrastructure Asset Management Manual. Ingenium
(Association of Local Government Engineering NZ Inc.), Thames, New
Zealand.
Transfund New Zealand. 1997. Programme and funding manual.
Edition 1. Transfund New Zealand Manual Number: PF/1.
NCHRP, Chip Seal Best Practices: A Synthesis of Highway Practice,
University of Oklahoma, 2005
Transit New Zealand. 2002. Performance-based specification for
bituminous reseals. TNZ P/17:2002.
Transit New Zealand. 2004. Code of Practice for Temporary Traffic
Management (COPTTM).
Transit NZ SP/M/010. 3rd edition and amendments. Transit New
Zealand. 2004. Specification for sealing chip. TNZ M/6:2004.
Technical Specifications for Chipseal, Ministry of Public Works &
Communications (Guyana), Work Service Group, 2012.
ASSHTO 1993, Highway Pavement Design Manual.

Video

Chip Seal Application

Thank You