1.

2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Abate - lessen, reduce, or remove

Abeyance temporary inactivity
Abolish to officially end or stop
Abridge to shorten in duration or extent
Abrogation to treat as nonexistent
absolute disqualification deprivation of a right, run for a public office or
to be voted
7. abstraction - the act of obtaining or removing something from a source
8. acquisition to come into possession
9. ad interim appointment temporary appointment
10.
ad-interim provisional; temporary
11.
Adjournment to end a session or meeting for a period of time
12.
Adjudicate to make an official decision about who is right in a
dispute
13.
administrative proceeding - is a non-judicial determination of fault or
wrongdoing and may include, in some cases, penalties of various forms.
14.
affirmative favoring or supporting a proposition or motion
15.
Aid of Legislation Congress may conduct investigations and compel
private individuals to furnish information when necessary and proper to
execute Congress authority to legislate.
16.
Allegiance - the fidelity owed by a person to a sovereign or
government
17.
Amendment - envisages a change or only a few specific provisions.
The intention of an act to amend is not to consider the advisability of
changing the entire constitution or of considering that possibility.
18.
Amnesty - an official pardon for people who have been convicted of
political offenses
19.
Amorphous - vague; ill-organized; unclassifiable
20.
Anomalous - deviating from what is standard, normal, or expected
21.
Appointment - "the selection, by the authority vested with the
power, of an individual who is to exercise the functions of a given office.
22.
Appropriations - a sum of money or total of assets devoted to a
special purpose.
23.
arbitrariness - is the quality of being "determined by chance, whim,
or impulse, and not by necessity, reason, or principle
24.
arbitrary - decisions are not necessarily the same as random
decisions.
25.
Assail - make a concerted or violent attack on.
26.
Augment - make (something) greater by adding to it; increase.
27.
Authorship - the fact or position of someone's having written a book
or other written work.
28.
Autonomy - freedom from external control or influence
29.
Autonomy of Local Governments - Self-government with respect
to local or internal affairs
30.
Auxiliary - providing supplementary or additional help and support
31.
Belligerent Occupation - A condition in which territory is under the
effective control of a foreign armed force
32.
Bicameralism - is one in which the legislators are divided into two
separate assemblies, chambers or houses.
33.
Bilateral - involving two parties
34.
Brevity - shortness of time
35.
Bureaucracy - a system of government in which most of the
important decisions are made by state officials rather than by elected
representatives

36.
Cabinet - a body of advisers to the president, composed of the heads
of the executive departments of the government
37.
Canvass - an act or process of attempting to secure votes or
ascertain opinions
38.
Censure - the expression of formal disapprova
39.
Certiorari - a writ or order by which a higher court reviews a decision
of a lower court.
40.
Chamber - a large room used for formal or public events
41.
Charter - a written grant by a country's legislative or sovereign
power, by which an institution such as a company, college, or city is
created and its rights and privileges defined
42.
Checks and Balances - The system of dividing power among the
three branches of government (executive, legislative, and judicial) to
prevent any one from having too much power. Each branch has some
authority to check the power of the others, thereby maintaining a balance
among the three
43.
Circumvent - avoid
44.
civil rights - the rights of citizens to political and social freedom and
equality
45.
Civilian Supremacy - It refers to a democratic form of government
where civilian legislators are in charge of the governing of the nation - in
other words NOT a military dictatorship.
46.
Clemency - mercy; lenience
47.
Coalition - an alliance for combined action, especially a temporary
alliance of political parties forming a government or of states
48.
Commutation - action or the process of commuting a judicial
sentence
49.
Compel oblige to do something
50.
Completeness Test - simply means that the law must be complete in
itself when it left Congress. It must set forth therein the policy to be
executed, carried out or implemented by the delegate which is not given
any discretion
51.
Compulsion - the action or state of forcing or being forced to do
something; constraint.
52.
Concede - admit that something is true or valid after first denying or
resisting it
53.
concessions - a thing that is granted, especially in response to
demands
54.
concurrent - existing, happening, or done at the same time
55.
condescension - an attitude of patronizing superiority
56.
confer - grant or bestow
57.
conference committee - is a committee appointed by the House of
Representatives and Senate to resolve disagreements on a particular bill
58.
conform - comply with rules, standards, or laws
59.
consensus - general agreement
60.
consolidate - combine (a number of things) into a single more
effective or coherent whole
61.
constituency - a body of voters in a specified area who elect a
representative to a legislative body.
62.
Contemplated - look thoughtfully for a long time at
63.
contemporary - living or occurring at the same time
64.
contempt - the offense of being disobedient to or disrespectful of a
court of law and its officers
65.
contention - an assertion, especially one maintained in argument

66.
context - he circumstances that form the setting for an event,
statement, or idea, and in terms of which it can be fully understood and
assessed
67.
contiguous zone - is an area seaward of the territorial sea in which
the. coastal State may exercise the control necessary to prevent or punish
infringe- ment of its customs, fiscal, immigration, and sanitary laws and
regulations that.
68.
Contradictory - mutually opposed or inconsistent
69.
Convene - come or bring together for a meeting or activity
70.
Conventional - based on or in accordance with what is generally
done or believed
71.
Correspondence - a close similarity, connection, or equivalence
72.
Curtailment - the action or fact of reducing or restricting something.
73.
Custody - guardianship
74.
De Facto - in fact, or in effect, whether by right or not.
75.
De Jure - according to rightful entitlement or claim; by right
76.
Decentralization of Administration - It is a transfer of responsibility
for planning, financing and management of certain public functions from
central government and its agencies or commissions to field units of
government agencies, or semi autonomous government
77.
Declaratory Relief - refers to a judgment of a court which determines
the rights of parties without ordering anything be done or awarding
damages.
78.
decree - an official order issued by a legal authority.
79.
Deliberation - long and careful consideration or discussion
80.
Delineate - indicate the exact position of (a border or boundary)
81.
delusions of reference - describe the phenomenon of an individual's
experiencing innocuous events or mere coincidences and believing they
have strong personal significance
82.
democratic - of, relating to, or supporting democracy or its principles
83.
derogatory - showing a critical or disrespectful attitude
84.
dictatorship - a country governed by a dictator
85.
discretion - the freedom to decide what should be done in a
particular situation.
86.
Disparagement - is the act of speaking about someone in a negative
or belittling way
87.
Dissent - hold or express opinions that are at variance with those
previously, commonly, or officially expressed.
88.
Domicile - the country that a person treats as their permanent
home, or lives in and has a substantial connection with
89.
dual allegiance - refers to the situation in which a person
simultaneously owes, by some positive act, loyalty to two or more states.
90.
due process - fair treatment through the normal judicial system,
especially as a citizen's entitlement.
91.
election - is the embodiment of the popular will, perhaps the purest
expression of the sovereign power of the people. It involves the choice or
selection of candidates to public office by popular vote.
92.
election protest - is a vote cast in anelection to demonstrate the
voter's dissatisfaction with the choice of candidates or refusal of the
current political system.
93.
Electorate - all the people in a country or area who are entitled to
vote in an election.
94.
emergency powers - powers granted to the president because the
structural design of the Executive Branch enables it to act faster than the

Legislative Branch.
95.
Emoluments - a salary, fee, or profit from employment or office.
96.
en banc - is a session in which a case is heard before all the judges
of a court (before the entire bench) rather than by a panel of judges
selected from them.
97.
Equal Protection clause - means no state shall deny to any person
within its jurisdiction "the equal protection of the laws".
98.
Equitable - valid in equity as distinct from law
99.
Ex gratia argument - When something has been done ex gratia, it
has been done voluntarily, out of kindness or grace.
100.
exclusive economic zone - an area of coastal water and seabed
within a certain distance of a country's coastline, to which the country
claims exclusive rights for fishing, drilling, and other economic activities.
101.
Execution - the carrying out or putting into effect of a plan, order, or
course of action.
102.
Executive Agreements - an international agreement, usually
regarding routine administrative matters not warranting a formal treaty,
made by the executive branch of the US government without ratification
by the Senate.
103.
Exhortation - an address or communication emphatically urging
someone to do something.
104.
Expanded jurisdiction - a claim over which the court does not have
original subject matter jurisdiction is attached to a claim over which the
court has original subject matter jurisdiction.
105.
Expatriation - is the voluntary renunciation or abandonment of
nationality and allegiance.
106.
Exploitation - the action of making use of and benefiting from
resources.
107.
Expulsion - the action of depriving someone of membership in an
organization
108.
final and executory - a decision that has acquired finality becomes
immutable and unalterable, and may no longer be modified in any respect,
even if the modification is meant to correct erroneous conclusions of fact
and law
109.
Fiscal Autonomy - is a guarantee given by the Constitution to certain
units of the government. It is intended as a guarantee of separation of
powers and of independence from political agencies.
110.
forbidden office - is one to which a member cannot be appointed
even if he is willing to give up his seat in Congress. The effect of his
resignation from the Congress is the loss of his seat therein but his
disqualification for the forbidden office nevertheless remains. The
prohibition lies in the "fiduciary" nature of the relationship involved.
111.
Framework - a basic structure underlying a system, concept, or text.
112.
Freedom Constitution - freedoms granted by the Constitution to its
citizens and they can enjoy it under the protection of the Constitution
113.
Freedom from arbitrary Arrest - are the arrest or detention of an
individual in a case in which there is no likelihood or evidence that they
committed a crime against legal statute, or in which there has been no
proper due process of law
114.
Germane - relevant to a subject under consideration
115.
Gerrymander the reorganization of voting districts by the party in
power to insure more votes for their candidates
116.
graft and corruption - is a form of political corruption, being the
unscrupulous use of a politician's authority for personal gain
117.
hierarchical - of the nature of a hierarchy; arranged in order of rank

118.
hodge-podge - a miscellaneous collection of things or people
119.
hostility - acts of warfare
120.
imbued - inspire or permeate with a feeling or quality
121.
impeachment - to charge someone with doing something wrong,
specifically a high government official, such as the president, a senator, or
a judge.
122.
Imperative - giving an authoritative command
123.
Impetus - the force that makes something happen or happen more
quickly
124.
Impound - eize and take legal custody of (something, especially a
vehicle, goods, or documents) because of an infringement of a law or
regulation
125.
Improvident - not having or showing foresight; spendthrift or
thoughtless
126.
Imputations - takes words or actions and ties them to a person or a
cause
127.
Inalienable - unable to be taken away from or given away by the
possessor.
128.
incompatible office - office is a post which a member cannot accept
unless he waives or forfeits his seat in Congress. In the contrary sense, if
he waives or forfeits his seat, he may accept the other post, since the
incompatibility arises only because of his simultaneous membership in
both.
129.
Incongruous - not in harmony or keeping with the surroundings or
other aspects of something
130.
Incumbent - A current officeholder
131.
Indirect Initiative - a procedure in which a statute or amendment
proposed by popular petition must receive legislative consideration before
being submitted to the voters.
132.
Indispensable - absolutely necessary
133.
Inexorable - impossible to stop or prevent
134.
Inherent - vested in (someone) as a right or privilege
135.
Inhibitions - the action of inhibiting, restricting, or hindering a
process
136.
Insinuate - maneuver oneself into (a position of favor or office) by
subtle manipulation
137.
inter alia among other things
138.
interference - the action of interfering or the process of being
interfered with
139.
Internal Waters the waters around, between, and connecting the
islands.
140.
intervenor - to join ongoing litigation, either as a matter of right or at
the discretion of the court, without the permission of the original litigants.
141.
Invasion - an instance of invading a country or region with an armed
force
142.
Invoke - cite or appeal to (someone or something) as an authority for
an action or in support of an argument
143.
ipso facto - by that very fact or act
144.
irrefutable - impossible to deny or disprove.
145.
irrepealable injury - is caused when the injury cannot be cured by
any lawful means.
146.
Jeopardy - danger of loss, harm, or failure
147.
Joint Resolution - A measure approved by both houses of the
Congress and signed by the president.

148.
judicial inquiry - formal legal investigation conducted into a matter
of public concern by a judge, appointed by the government
149.
Judicial Power - Authority, both constitutional and legal, given to the
courts and its judges
150.
Judicial Review - review by the Supreme Court of the constitutional
validity of a legislative act.
151.
jure gestionis - generally means a nation's acts that are essentially
commercial or private, in contrast to its public acts.
152.
jure imperii - a state is immune from the jurisdiction of foreign courts
as to its sovereign or public acts
153.
jurisdiction - the official power to make legal decisions and
judgments.
154.
Jurisprudence - the theory or philosophy of law
155.
jus sanguinis - is a principle of nationality law by which citizenship is
not determined by place of birth but by having one or both parents who
are citizens of the state.
156.
jus soli - right of the soil', commonly referred to as birthright
citizenship, is the right of anyone born in the territory of a state to
nationality or citizenship.
157.
Justiciable - subject to trial in a court of law.
158.
lawless violence - being without law; uncontrolled by a law;
unbridled; unruly
159.
legal standing - is capacity of a party to bring suit in court
160.
legal surplusage - excessive or nonessential matter; especially :
matter contained in a pleading that is unnecessary or irrelevant
161.
Legislation - laws, considered collectively.
162.
Legislative Journal - A book where transactions or events are
recorded as they occur
163.
Liberal - open to new behavior or opinions and willing to discard
traditional values
164.
lis mota - the cause or motivation of a legal action or lawsuit
165.
litigation - the process of taking legal action
166.
majority leader- Majority Leader helps formulate, promote, negotiate
and defend the majoritys legislative program, particularly on the floor.
167.
malfeasance - wrongdoing, especially by a public official.
168.
mandate - the authority to carry out a policy or course of action,
regarded as given by the electorate to a candidate or party that is
victorious in an election.
169.
marginalized - treat (a person, group, or concept) as insignificant or
peripheral.
170.
Martial Law - military government involving the suspension of
ordinary law
171.
Memoranda - a written message, especially in business or diplomacy
172.
midnight appointments - an appointment to political office made
during the last hours of the term of office of the person in whom the right
of making such appointment is vested
173.
milieu - a person's social environment.
174.
Minority leader - he becomes the spokesman for his party or group
or coalition and enunciates its policies.
175.
Misfeasance a transgression, especially the wrongful exercise of
lawful authority. 176.
moot and academic - there is no more actual controversy between
the parties or no useful purpose can be served in passing upon the merits
177.
moral turpitude - is a legal concept in the United States and some
other countries that refers to "conduct that is considered contrary to

community standards of justice, honesty or good morals

178.
motion for disqualification a recourse against any candidate who,
in an action or protest in which he is a party is declared by final decision of
a competent court guilty of certain conditions.
179.
Motion for Intervention - Generally, to be admitted into the lawsuit,
the intervenor must have an interest in the subject matter of the original
suit
180.
Motions for Reconsideration - A party adversely affected by a final
order, resolution, or decision of the Commission rendered in an
adjudicative proceeding
181.
mutatis mutandis - used when comparing two or more cases or
situations) making necessary alterations while not affecting the main point
at issue.
182.
Nationalism - advocacy of political independence for a particular
country
183.
Naturalization - admit (a foreigner) to the citizenship of a country.
184.
Nonfeasance - failure to perform an act that is required by law.
185.
non-impairment clause no law impairing the obligation of
contracts shall be passed
186.
non-partisan - not biased or partisan, especially toward any
particular political group.
187.
nullify - make legally null and void; invalidate
188.
oath of allegiance whereby a subject or citizen acknowledges a
duty of allegiance and swears loyalty to monarch or country
189.
obiter dictum - is an opinion or a remark made by a judge which
does not form a necessary part of the court's decision.
190.
obligatory - of a ruling) having binding force.
191.
oblivion amnesty or pardon
192.
oracular - hard to interpret;
193.
oust - deprive (someone) of or exclude (someone) from possession
of something.
194.
parameter - a numerical or other measurable factor forming one of a
set that defines a system or sets the conditions of its operation
195.
paramount - having supreme power
196.
Pardon - the action of forgiving or being forgiven for an error or
offense
197.
Parity - the state or condition of being equal, especially regarding
status or pay.
198.
Parliamentary 199.
parole - is a conditional release of a prisoner with an unexpired
sentence, or suspension of his sentence, without remitting the penalty
imposed upon him
200.
patrimony - the estate or property belonging by ancient endowment
or right to a church or other institution
201.
patriotism - is an emotional attachment to a nation which an
individual recognizes as their homeland.
202.
pecuniary - of, relating to, or consisting of money.
203.
People Power - political pressure exercised through the public
demonstration of popular opinion.
204.
Perfunctory - (of an action or gesture) carried out with a minimum of
effort or reflection.
205.
Perilous - full of danger or risk.
206.
Permissible Delegation - the exercise of legislative power by an
agency which is subordinate to the legislative.
207.
Perpetual infallibility - continuous ; enduring; lasting;

208.
petition - make or present a formal request to (an authority) with
respect to a particular cause.
209.
pleadings - a formal statement of the cause of an action or defense.
210.
plebiscite - the direct vote of all the members of an electorate on an
important public question such as a change in the constitution.
211.
plenary - (of a meeting) to be attended by all participants at a
conference or assembly, who otherwise meet in smaller groups.
212.
polemics - a strong verbal or written attack on someone or
something.
213.
Political Party - organization that seeks to achieve political power by
electing its members to public office
214.
ponencia - an analytic or interpretive literary composition.
215.
posterity - all future generations of people.
216.
Postulates - suggest or assume the existence, fact, or truth of
(something) as a basis for reasoning, discussion, or belief.
217.
practice of law involves giving legal advice to clients, drafting legal
documents for clients, and representing clients in legal negotiations and
court proceedings such as lawsuits, and is applied to the professional
services of a lawyer
218.
precedent - an earlier event or action that is regarded as an example
or guide to be considered in subsequent similar circumstances.
219.
precept - a writ or warrant
220.
preclude - prevent from happening; make impossible.
221.
Predecessors - a thing that has been followed or replaced by
another.
222.
prejudice - harm or injury that results or may result from some
action or judgment.
223.
premise - a previous statement or proposition from which another is
inferred or follows as a conclusion.
224.
Presidential veto - The power of a president or governor to reject a
bill proposed by a legislature by refusing to sign it into law
225.
Preventive suspension - is a remedial measure that operates under
closely-controlled conditions and gives a premium to the protection of the
service rather than to the interests of the individual office holder.
226.
privatization - The transfer of ownership, property or business from
the government to the private sector
227.
probable cause - reasonable grounds
228.
probation - a disposition under which a defendant, after conviction
and sentence, is released subject to conditions imposed by the court and
to the supervision of a probation officer
229.
proclamation - a public or official announcement, especially one
dealing with a matter of great importance.
230.
procurement - the action or occupation of acquiring military
equipment and supplies.
231.
prohibition - he action of forbidding something, especially by law
232.
promulgate - put (a law or decree) into effect by official
proclamation.
233.
propaganda - information, especially of a biased or misleading
nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of
view.
234.
proportional representation - an electoral system in which parties
gain seats in proportion to the number of votes cast for them.
235.
provision - is a legal clause or condition contained within a contract
that requires one or both parties to perform a particular requirement by

some specified time or prevents one or both parties from performing a

particular requirement by some specified time.
236.
question hour - hour to obtain information pursuant to Congress'
oversight function.
237.
quo warranto - a writ or legal action requiring a person to show by
what warrant an office or franchise is held, claimed, or exercised.
238.
Quorum - the minimum number of members of an assembly or
society that must be present at any of its meetings to make the
proceedings of that meeting valid.
239.
Ratification - is the official way to confirm something, usually by
vote. It is the formal validation of a proposed law.
240.
referendum - a general vote by the electorate on a single political
question that has been referred to them for a direct decision.
241.
regime - a government, especially an authoritarian one.
242.
reglementary period - The rules of court require that certain
pleadings should be filed within a required or prescriptive period
243.
remedial - giving or intended as a remedy or cure.
244.
renegade - having treacherously changed allegiance
245.
renunciation - the formal rejection of something, typically a belief,
claim, or course of action.
246.
Repatriation - is the process of returning a person - voluntarily - to
his or her place of origin or citizenship.
247.
Repealing Clause - a clause in a statute repealing a previous
enactment.
248.
Repository - a place in which something, especially a natural
resource, has accumulated or where it is found in significant quantities.
249.
reprieve is the withholding the sentence for an interval of time; a
postponement of execution
250.
reprimand - rebuke (someone), especially officially.
251.
Republicanism - is an ideology of being a citizen in a state as a
republic under which the people hold popular sovereignty.
252.
Repudiate - refuse to fulfill or discharge (an agreement, obligation,
or debt).
253.
Residual Powers - Power that is retained by the government after
other powers were distributed to other authorities in the course of
elections or by the process of delegation.
254.
Resolution - is a written motion adopted by a deliberative body.
255.
Restitute - is the act of making up for damages or harm
256.
restraining order - a temporary court order issued to prohibit an
individual from carrying out a particular action, especially approaching or
contacting a specified person.
257.
Revision - is the alterations of the different portions of the entire
document [Constitution]. It may result in the rewriting whether the whole
constitution, or the greater portion of it, or perhaps some of its important
provisions.
258.
Revocation - refers to the cancelling or annulment of something by
some authority.
259.
Riders - is an additional provision added to a bill or other measure
under the consideration by a legislature, having little connection with the
subject matter of the bill
260.
right to bail - Release of an arrested or imprisoned accused when a
specified amount of security is deposited or pledged (as cash or property)
to ensure the accused's appearance in court when ordered.
261.
Ripeness - A claim is "ripe" when the facts of the case have matured

into an existing substantial controversy warranting judicial intervention

262.
Rule of Law - the restriction of the arbitrary exercise of power by
subordinating it to well-defined and established laws.
263.
Scrutiny - critical observation or examination
264.
Self-executing provisions a legislation that is effective immediately
without the need of intervening court action, ancillary legislation.
265.
Separability Clause 266.
session - a meeting of a deliberative or judicial body to conduct its business
267.
Settlement - an official agreement intended to resolve a dispute or conflict.
268.
Shirk - avoid or neglect
269.
Sovereignty - the authority of a state to govern itself or another state.
270.
Stasis - a period or state of inactivity or equilibrium.
271.
State - a nation or territory considered as an organized political community under
one government.

272.
273.

state of war - a situation when war has been declared or is in progress.

subordinate - a person under the authority or control of another within an

organization.

274.
275.
276.
277.
278.
279.
280.

subpoena - a writ ordering a person to attend a court.

subsidiary - less important than but related or supplementary to.
successor - a person or thing that succeeds another.
Suffrage - the right to vote in political elections
sui generis - unique
sui juris - of age; independent.
summon - authoritatively or urgently call on (someone) to be present, especially as

a defendant or witness in a law court.

281.
suppletory - supplying deficiencies
282.
surreptitious - kept secret, especially because it would not be approved of.
283.
susceptible - capable or admitting of.
284.
Taxpayers Suits - An action brought by an individual whose income is subjected
to charges imposed by the state or federal government, for the benefit of that individual and
others in order to prevent the unlawful diversion of public funds.
285.
Tenure - the holding of an office.
286.
Territorial Sea - is a belt of coastal waters extending at most 12 nautical miles
from the baseline of a coastal state.
287.
Transgression - an act that goes against a law, rule, or code of conduct; an
offense.
288.
transitory provisions - The provisions of the existing Rules of Court, judiciary
acts, and procedural laws for purposes of synchronization of elections
289.
transmissible - inherited or inheritable by established rules
290.
Treason - the crime of betraying one's country, especially by attempting to kill the
sovereign or overthrow the government.
291.
Treaty - a formally concluded and ratified agreement between countries.
292.
Tribunal - a court of justice.
293.
Trustees - an individual person or member of a board given control or powers of
administration of property in trust with a legal obligation to administer it solely for the
purposes specified.
294.
Unequivocal - leaving no doubt; unambiguous.
295.
Usurp - take the place of (someone in a position of power) illegally
296.
Veracity - conformity to facts; accuracy.
297.
Veto - a constitutional right to reject a decision or proposal made by a law-making
body.
298.
Vindicate - show or prove to be right, reasonable, or justified.
299.
Writ of Amparo - is a remedy available to any person whose right to life, liberty
and security is violated or threatened with violation by an unlawful act or omission of a public

official or employee, or of a private individual or entity.

writ of habeas corpus - is a court order to a person (prison warden) or agency
(institution) holding someone in custody to deliver the imprisoned individual to the court
issuing the order.

300.