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Abstract : Solar energy is primary source of all type of energy which is present in nature i.e. all the energy
derived from it. So, direct utilization of solar energy into useful energy is important. There are so many solar
thermal equipments in which concentrating type collector heated the fluid up to 100 to 400 0C. It is employed for
a variety of applications such as power generation, industrial steam generation and hot water production.
Parabolic trough collector is preferred for steam generation because high temperatures can achieve.
Cylindrical parabolic trough type collector consists of selective concentrator and a receiver tube. The
selective cover system prevents the heat loss (convective and radiative) from the receiver tube and improves the
performance of solar parabolic trough. Also evacuated chamber is created to reduce the loss of heat and reduce
the corrosion of concentrator surface. Tracking system is embedded in the solar parabolic trough for tracking
the sun energy movement.
This report presents the evaluation of solar insolation in terms of monthly average hourly global
radiation in Patna on 10th April, 2013. On the basis of this solar energy flux, comparative study of the
instantaneous efficiency of solar parabolic trough is done. Here four different types of cover system are
mathematically analyzed. (i) Single glass cover on receiver (ii) Double glass cover on receiver (iii) Single glass
cover on aperture (iv)Double glass cover on aperture. This report contains many graphs to illustrate the effect
on instantaneous efficiency on variation of primary parameter. With the help of MATLAB R201a software
mathematical calculation is obtained.
Keywords: absorber, matlab software, receiver, solar parabolic collector,
I.
INTRODUCTION
In modern world, energy is primary requirement for human culture. The country in which more energy
produce is more developed than other. Energy is very important for doing any work. All the energy sources we
are using today can be classified into two groups; renewable and non-renewable. Renewable energy is derived
by natural processes and that are resupply constantly. In its various forms, it derives directly from the sun.
Energy generated from solar, wind, ocean, tidal, hydropower, biomass, geothermal resources, bio fuels
and hydrogen is renewable resources. Non-renewable energy is energy sources that cannot resupply in the near
future such as coal, oil, petroleum and natural gas. Renewable and non-renewable energy sources can be used to
produce secondary energy sources as electricity.
Over the past century fossil fuels have provided most of our energy because these are much cheaper
and more convenient than energy from alternative energy sources. But the main problem is that proved reserves
of natural gas to last for 70 years, oil to last for 30 to 50 years and coal to last for 200 to 300 years at current
rates of consumption [01]. Another serious problem related to combustion of Non-renewable energy like fossil
fuels has caused serious air pollution problems because of large amount of harmful gases into the atmosphere. It
has also results in global warming. The release of large amounts of waste heat from power plants has caused
thermal pollution in lakes and rivers leading to the destruction of many forms of plant and animal life. In the
case of nuclear power plants, there is also concern over the possibility of radioactivity being release into the
atmosphere and long term of problems of disposal of radioactive wastes from these plants.
So, solar energy is alternative source of energy. However, there are many problems associated with its
use. The main problem is that it is a dilute source of energy. Even in the hottest regions on earth, the solar
radiation flux available rarely exceeds 1kw/m 2. These are low values from the point of technological utilization
[02]
. So, large collecting area is required in many applications and this result in excessive cost. Another problem
associated with solar energy utilization is its availability varies widely with time. The variation in availability
occurs daily because of the day-night cycle and also seasonally because of the earths orbit around the sun.
A parabolic trough solar collector uses a mirror or aluminum foil sheet in the shape of a parabolic
cylinder to reflect and concentrate sun radiations towards a receiver tube located at the focus line of the
parabolic cylinder. The receiver absorbs the incoming radiations and transforms them into thermal energy, the
latter being transported and collected by a fluid medium circulating within the receiver tube. This method of
concentrated solar collection has the advantage of high efficiency and low cost, and can be used either for
thermal energy collection, for generating electricity. Therefore it is an important way to exploit solar energy
directly. Parabolic trough is the most mature technology for large scale exploitation of solar energy. Several
power plants based on this technology have been operational for years, and more are being built. However, the
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II.
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a
0.25
0.28
0.30
0.27
b
0.57
0.42
0.44
0.50
Time
8:00-9:00
422.57
561.44
9:00-10:00
565.94
748.66
10:00-11:00
671.04
886.49
11:00-12:00
730.67
964.83
12:00-01:00
740.77
978.1
01:00-02:00
700.65
925.38
02:00-03:00
03:00-04:00
613.04
483.94
810.38
641.41
04:00-05:00
322.18
431.51
Fig. 2.1 global and Bea Vs time radiation in Patna on April10, 2013
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[11]
S= I b rb ()b + I b rb ()b
[11]
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Vavg=
[12]
Re=
[12]
[12]
[12]
Tci=T+
[12]
Qloss2=
Qloss1=Qloss2
[12]
[12]
F=
[12]
F=
FR=F F [12]
Ul (Tf-Ta) [12]
q u=F
i=
[12]
=0.53116
2.5.2
Solar parabolic trough having double cover on receiver:First cover inner diameter, D1ci=0.052 m
First cover outer diameter, D1co=0.060 m
Second cover inner diameter, D2ci=0.082 m
Second cover outer diameter, D2co=0.090 m
Thickness of glass cover, dt=0.004m
Refractive index of glass cover, n=1.526
1=9.91640
transmissivity - absorptivity product for beam radiation, ()b=0.74883
Assume cover temperature, T=309.475K
C=
S= I b rb ()b + I b rb ()b
Vavg=
Re=
Nu=0.30*(Re) ^0.6
hw =Nu*
Losses can be illustration by iteration hand calcuculation
Qloss1=D2coLhw(T2co-Ta)+ cD2coL (
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Tci=T+
Qloss2=
Qloss1=Qloss2
F=
F=
FR=F F
q u=F
Ul (Tf-Ta)
i=
= 0.51132
2.5.3
Solar parabolic trough having single cover on aperture:Thickness of glass plate, dt=0.004m
Refractive index of glass cover, n=1.526
transmissivity - absorptivity product for beam radiation, ()b=0.77978
C=
S= I b rb ()b + I b rb ()b
Vavg=
Re=
Nu=0.30*(Re) ^0.6
hw =Nu*
Ul =113.95 (Overall heat transfer coefficient)
[12]
[12]
F=
F=
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Ul (Tf-Ta)
i=
=0.52747
2.2.4
Solar parabolic trough having double cover on aperture.
Thickness of glass plate, dt=0.004m
Refractive index of glass cover, n=1.526
transmissivity - absorptivity product for beam radiation, ()b=0.74883
C=
S= I b rb ()b + I b rb ()b
Vavg=
Re=
Nu=0.30*(Re) ^0.6
hw =Nu*
Ul = Overall heat transfer coefficient
F=
F=
FR=F F
q u=F
Ul (Tf-Ta)
i=
=0.4921
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Instantaneous Efficiency
Fig. 2.1 Thickness of glass Vs Instantaneous efficiency of single and double cover on receiver
0.57
0.56
0.55
0.54
0.53
0.52
0.51
0.5
0.49
0.48
0.47
0.46
single cover
Double cover
Fig. 2.2 Thickness of glass Vs Instantaneous efficiency of single and double cover on aperture
Fig. 2.3 Mass flow rate Vs Instantaneous efficiency single cover on receiver
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Fig. 2.6 Fluid inlet temperature Vs instantaneous efficiency of single cover on aperture
III.
CONCLUSION
1. Efficiency of the solar parabolic trough is function of incident solar radiation. It is found that the efficiency of
solar parabolic trough single cover on receiver is maximum.
2. Maximum efficiency found is 53.11 for 565.9444W/m 2 insolation.
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