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Death Toll
1)2,500,0003,700,000
2)900,000
2,000,000
3)500,000
700,000
Event
China floods
Location
Date
China
1931
China
1887
China
1938
China
1975
China
1935
Netherlands
1530
North Vietnam
1971
China
1911
4)231,000
Banqiao Dam failure, result of Typhoon Nina.
Approximately 86,000 people died from flooding
and another 145,000 died during subsequent disease.
5)145,000
6)More than
100,000
7)100,000
8)100,000
Heavy rainfall
Huge snow melting
Failures of dams,
barrages etc.,
(koshi)
Landslides causing
blockage of river
Riverine floods
Slow kinds: Runoff from sustained rainfall or rapid
snow melt exceeding the capacity of a river's
channel. Causes include heavy rains from monsoons
, Unexpected drainage obstructions such as
landslides, ice, or debris can cause slow flooding
upstream of the obstruction.
Fast kinds: include Flash floods which are much
more dangerous and flow much faster than regular
floods. Result from tropical storms, dam failures or
excessive rain and snow.
Estuarine floods
Commonly caused by a combination of sea tidal
surges caused by storm-force winds.
Coastal floods
Caused by severe sea storms, or as a result of
another hazard (e.g. tsunami or hurricane).
Catastrophic floods
Caused by a significant and unexpected event e.g.
dam breakage, or as a result of another hazard
(e.g. earthquake or volcanic eruption).
Muddy floods
A muddy flood is generated by run off on crop land.
EFFECTS
Primary effects
measures
Storage Reservoir
Detentio Reservoir
Levees
Floodways
Channel Improvement
Watershed Management
Flood Plain zoning
Flood forecasting and Warning
Evacuation and relocation
STORAGE RESERVOIR:
Most reliable and effective flood control method
Storage reservoir to absorb incoming flood
Release in controlled way so that downstream
channels do not get flooded.
Several reservoirs to be placed in a river for
complete flood control.
Graph Kheichera rakhnu hai
DETENTION RESERVIORS
-Consist of an obstruction to a river
with uncontrolled outlet.
-For small structures and temporary
storage
LEVEES
-Also called dikes or flood
embankments
-Earthen structures parallel to the
course of river.
FLOODWAYS
-Channels into which part of the flood
will be diverted during high stages.
-Natural or man-made
CHANNEL IMPROVEMENT
-Widening or deepening of channel
-Reduction of channel roughness
(clearance of vegetation)
WATERSHED MANAGEMENT
-Aims at cutting down and delaying the
runoff before it gets into the river.
-Check dams, contour bonding,
terraces etc.
-Improve soil infiltration capacity hence
reduce soil erosion
-historical records of
flooding with study on
the parameters:
season, river channel
topography, soil
conditions, rainfall
intensity and weather.
Study of FLOOD
HYDROGRAPH
-Flood is on of deadliest
natural disaster.
-Preventive measures
to be taken in time.
-Better engineering
structures to prevent
flood control
-Stringent government
steps.
-Awareness on flood
disaster is required.
Any question?????