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Psychology
By Jamie Yates
Plato
He was a student of Socrates in Ancient
Greece. And recorded his teachers advice:
Know thyself. This phrase has remained a
motto of psychological study ever since.
Socrates
Socrates suggested that we can learn much
about ourselves by carefully examining our
thoughts and feelings.
Socrates Video
Aristotle
He outlined the laws of associationism. He
showed how experiences often remind us of
similar experiences in the past, how the face of
a loved one makes us feel secure,
and how thought leads to ideas as we
dream and as we daydream.
Aristotle Video
Hippocrates
He suggested that confusion and bizarre
behavior are caused by abnormalities in the
brain.
Nicolaus Copernicus
Challenged the view that the view that the sun
revolved around the Earth, suggesting instead
that Earth revolves around the sun.
Isaac Newton
Newton formulated the laws of gravity and
motion.
John Locke
Building on principles of associationism,
theorized that knowledge is not inborn but is
learned from experience.
Antoine Lavoisier
He founded the science of chemistry and
explained how animals and plants use oxygen
in respiration.
Wilhelm Wundt
Wundt and his students founded a field of
experimental psychology that came
to be known as structuralism.
They were concerned with
discovering the basic
elements of consciousness.
William James
James was one of the founders of the school of
functionalism. He was concerned
with how mental processes
help organisms adapt
to their environment.
John B. Watson
As the founder of the school of behaviorism, he
defined psychology as the scientific study of
observable behavior.
B. F. Skinner
He added to the behaviorist tradition
by introducing the
concept of
reinforcement.
Sigmund Freud
The school of thought that he founded, called
psychoanalysis, emphasizes the importance of
unconscious motives
and internal conflicts in
determining human
behavior.
Contemporary
Perspectives