THE PROBLEMS OF THE SUBNORMAL FAMILY

5F'i

.1CMASTER UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

3 9005 0250779

THE

P-ifoBLKM^

OF THE.

SUBKQRMAI*; FAMjnjY

thlesis submitted to1

iDr,.

A.

It^lCo, CzMpaon

Jfc Ma'st^f: UniveWsitir,

Marfch

R e v '.

1-7^

Hamil/tttm-jjOnU

1933 r

f V ii&i -| !Dc)(ugla s, ,

THS PROBLEM OF TfflE gUBSOHMAX TAMIL?

IHTRODUCTIOH
.

THE PROBLEM PRESENTED

Study 6f

1.

twelve

families.

women

Study

ivin,rj rise to subnormal

offspring.

of their

(a)

Mental Status.

(b)

Physical Condition.

(c)

Moral

(d)

phenomenal Growth.

Standards.

THE EFFECTS OF THE SUBNORMAL FAMILY UPOM

AgD SOCIETY.
1* ",

Physical Effects.

2.

Mental Effects

3.

Moral Effects.

SHE JQOflJKITY

Cost to Society of this group of subnormal families.

4.

Rate
.

Definition

of

Increase.

ITKDERLYIKG CAUSES QF SUBNORMAL FA11ILY

Hereditary Causes.

1.

(a)

Physical

(b)

Mental

Environmental

2*

'..

Causes.

(a)

Home, Influences.

(b)

Sooilal

; (o)

Influences*

Ificonjomio

Influences.

SUffGESTEtD

RSLEEflISS FOR SOILING THE PROBLEM OF THE

dm^mi '.fumx.
The Institutions, and the contributions that they might
mate to the finding of a solution for the subnormal

family.
1.

flhe State.

(ai)

Improved llarria^e Laws.

(1)

(2)

Requirement of a medical certificate as to

physical health and mental soundness prior/
to the issuing .of a marriage license.
of
Requirement
intent
to

io;h

(b)

(o)
2.

days notice

of the

physicallyluMlt1' a^nd

merital

seven

marry.

Segregation.
(1)

Sodle.1 Segregation

(21)

Siex Segregation.

.Sterilization o-f
defectives.

The- Sehoc(l.

(a)

aoon^s tor "jproblem" children .with epeo.iall|y

tnained- teaching

(b)

Mechanical

staff.

arid manual

training for those laofc^

ing mental capacity to do work of regular

curriculum.

,(c)
3.

Orgajnli (zed. arid Supervised Play.

Tha Ohurch.

(a)

Interpretation of the social

normal

lb)

role for tbe sub

family.

Interpretation

of the1

8piritual role.

SUGGESTED REMEDIES FOR SOLVING THE PROBLEM OF MS

goMOfimi ramcr.
ffht inati tut ions, and the contributions that they might
make to the finding of a solution for the subnormal

family.
1.

Che State.

(a)

Improved Marriage

Laws.

(1)

Requirement of.

(2)

Requirement of

seven

medical certificate as to
physical health and mental soundness prior
to the issuing of a marriage license.

days notice of the

intention to marry.

(b)

(o.)
2.

Segregation.

(.1)

Soaial

(2)

Sex Segregation.

Segregation

Sterilization of
defectives.

physically unfit

and mental

The School.

[%,')

Rooma

for

"problem" children with specially

trained teaching staff.

$?

[d)

Meohanical and manual training for those lack

ing mental capacity to do work of regular
curriculum.

!o)

Organized

and

Supervised Play.

Pf Church.

(a)

Interpretation

for the

of the

social

of the

spiritual role*

role

normal family*

(V)

Interpretation

sub

-1

UTTRODUCTIOff

all

By "subnormal*;

family problems.

[raj injj.is'

ily whose mental

grade

moron

(3),

subject
be a

as

below

are

The

are

to be

In some

but

delinciueat;

are

corollary,

necessary

aubnormal

pcrsed of all these factors,

family Whose

and who

disease, and (4),

public charge.

family

improvident

so

family may

not

be

oom-

factor

one

or

two

either

all

four factors mentioned

present.

are

It will thus be evident that since this group

are

intelligenoe, the ordinary methods

The social v/orker,

useless-.

find

educator .must

lem that ha3 been

in

some

too

new

appreciate

and

to

approach

long neglected, and

the

We must

society.

duced this

be

approach

of

legislator,

of

method

too

social

to

as

consider the

the

of

significance

must study the subnormal family

the

la not

the

prob

long placed

the category of tJie "unmentionables**.

To

on

to

as

found, and the third and fourth may be found.

cases

of normal

fam

i,.e.r anywhere tio'4 h^gh

normal,

usual but not

social

to

low,

me^n,\ (1)

we

mentally\ 'defective; (2)

.to

moral standards
and

most appalling of

subnormal family presents the

The

the effect

causes

largely hypothetical,

effects,

it

at least mitigate,
normal

family

but having

remains for

if not

us

remove,

from the mid at

to

our

seen

we

it has

that have pro

phenomenon in modern society.

knowledge of these underlying causes,

their

problem,

Without

approach will

the

causes

and

consider remedies

the

of modern

problem

of

society.

the

that
sub

-2-

THE PROBLEM PRESENTED

I.

In order to

let

us

the problem in its true

the case ef

study

ulation of

see

approximately

population, there is

thousand people.

lived

amounts

to

for

we

the

family during
In

can

see

the

support, and who

This group

population; but

upon

it is the direot result

that

illustrate that,

to

order

number, twelve immoral

moral

I mean

are

knowledge of right

or

wrong, but who

oome

had

are

ninety-five children,

duced one hundred and five

The

are

have
used

about.

Im

no

for

im

From these

others.

living.
and

By

show

of whom

These twelve

they in turfc pro

offspring.

following table will

increase has oome

or

and

two hundred descendants,

hundred and seventy-five

frqm

I have submitted

the charts which

there have

taken

by non-moral

and

mental defectives,

moral purposes by their husbands

twelve women,

I have

nonmoral women.

or

prostitutes,

common

mean women who

women

are

past twenty years.

their

one

this

failure to cope with the problem of the subnormal

that

Of

pop

first glance would

at

hundred, and

several

Closer scrutiny,
of

their

city belief for several years.

of all proportion to

out

seem

on

growing group of indigents who

entirely dependent upon charity

have

which has

Sfeyburn, Sask.,
five

perspective,

Bhow how this

phenomenal

-3-

rCfelldlrejn
'
froU

Eo.l

Mother

Total
.Descend
ants
:
:

;iHouae-:

5a.

SO.

Total

holds: Moral
:Rated : Living:
:3et UP: DeilncUe'ntS;: Formal.
:

10

':

10

':

:;

':

'.

.'

'

'

5o,3

So. 4

'.

Eo.6

35

No. 7

is

EC. 2

Ho. 9

'.

*;

'

':

25

':

49

":

15

":

10

10

a.

10

56

13

SO. 8

16

Ho.9

10

14

Bo.io!

10

So .11

16

So. 12*

11

95

200

46

(a)
be

From the above study

seen

who

are

they
pace,

that

Is

this group

of

were

able to

move

16

11

34

175

'

34

these

twelve

from

By

grade to grade

'

it will

cases,

Of the

175

that

that

at

moderate

mentally subnormal.

living, only 34 graded normal.

mean

taking into consideration their natural hindrances

even

of environment and

fcut who did

physique.

Many

who

fair work while in school,

This leaves 141 who would not

Of these,

some

early yet

to

are

make

small

be

not

finish Grade

been

have

considered normal

dogmatic predictions.

But

who have

even

not

Vlll,

counted normal.

mentally*

children about whom it may be

large proportion of individuals

Intelligence.

did

this

even

too

leaves

normal.

*-

Beoausp this. class tend; to; Intermarry,

attempted
and

to

show in t-he

third genera Ifjibna

first.

The

nearly always

are

result is

an

the sficokid

submitted,

increasing-

ever

the

than

worse

imbeciles, who continue to"be[

and

morons

charts

I have

aa

nUmfe^r of

charge Upon'

sooiety.
(b)

This

grouu? mUs't also be

A slide

physically.
the

there

indications.

It would be d if!

tios, but ten;

of!

in

disease
is

the \tw,elve

her whole

family

family.

leave

from her

This group
i!n Ho.

son
a

he

was

Buffering.

arid

as

are

'

two

youngest

The daughter

was

compelled^

she ha,d

contracted''

tonsils.
one ^another.

eldest

The

I have
was

no

reason

and'

to

believe

ha and

now

-He

t^a,-

infected,

>ilsb morally

(o)

This groqa

are

table

it will be

aeen

rioral

delin<iuent3.

small oriaea,

but

The

in her

But his-wifje

diseased.

Children

Titfe case- of Kb.

are

infect

venerea^

12 parried the eldest daughter, in. No. 8.

mentally deflective,,

is

show

horribly disesised,

broke, out
tend tp

give exa.ct 'atatls-

was

Behoolwhen the,dissase w,hich

mother

ominous

more

charts submitted

imember of the

Thiis wojnan

to

by

a'r.own

as

even

are

ult

Buffering from arthr'itigi

are

to

some

typical.

result

fron the malnutrition

o|f ridketa,

many cases

considered subnormal

or

that

sub norma lv

./from .these

I harve not

women

police

fcave

come

34

aou4tald children^ guilty

having uly dispositions-.

cluded only those with

In the. above

oourt

I have

record,,

in

and those

of

-5-

whom

know to be

we

number

we

but

are

we

are

delinquents,

is

25

other

and

orlma,

moral

and

only babies,
a

so

the

offspring

of

individuals,

may be potential

alarming figure.

very
of

percent

from 175

delinquents

It

these

that

means

twelve

women

already morally subnormal.

are

This does

morality

among

statistics,
is

license,

ing only those- criminally convicted.

oount

Thirty-four

20 to

of sexual

may suspect

many of whom

Others aswng thin

illegal parents.

but which

daughlter

mediately
"Come

is

up all

it

right", &nd

prevented

birth about
for

hospital
for the

don't

year and

miscarriages,

protection

of

school

Not only;

of

shown

by

of Ko.

found

nurse

she

ha

of

im-r
was

exposure that

Since the

place.

and

Mother will fix you

cry.

child's
been

this girl

has

had to be

ste-rilized

in

community..

the

';

(d)

tone

pregnant,

was

half ago,

case

only the threat

was

low

mother's only comment

The

abortion taking

an

The

the

family

and

Dearie,

low.

When

of ihp

generally

which cannot be

very

took her home.

in,

on

the

these people,

good illustration.
the

that

include

not

these

are

but

morally subnormal,

people mentally, .physically

they present

an

and

additional problem

by

reason

of

their

rapid growth.

Twelve

women

producing

|
95

children

descendants,
the

means
an

birth rate

average

original twelve

of 7.9,

and

for total

of 16.6 children per each

one

remember that

the

women.

When

we

of

-6-

birth-rate is

avera^e

the neighborhood of 3.1,. we

Just how alarming the situation is.

see

should continue to be
of

in

century,

prolific

w>ould have wall

we

ants-- from these

as

If this

group

in the pst

as
over

quarter

thousand descend

One

twelve women in another tWenty-five years*

Ott'e thousand people, two-thirds

of whom

mentally

are

defective, and one-fifth morally delinqient, would

a

problem of ! horrible magnititude.

Of

polijoy

allowing

the

wor^d large numberjs

mental

of the

be

least

and who
that

an

records

disease^.

many

it

the-comnturiity

on

from

seen

perusal of

of .them. are 'diseased.

will he

seen

-that

girls who are; living

tl>ere

is a

constant

wandering and subnormal

This may be. considered' true

men

of the

in

are

prostitutes,

as

The Hedical Health Officer

the eldest daughter of No.

all

be

can

i*.g

submitted,

twelve woctien Or
are

20$

larger percentage morons,

even

families recorded,

infection to

hood.

of

detrimental to the community.

From the

of vdiich

large indigent class,

subnormal! family.

twelve

the

at

Consider first the physical effects

1.

one

effects of

but

oanniot

is

THE EFFECTS OF THE! SUBNORMAL FAMILY.

mdr.al delinquents, and

are

liVe upon charity,

to

and

Jails

our

folly.

IJU
The

and

the

bring into

to

of individuals' to fill

institutions,

consummate

the oont inued

Surely

3U|briormaIL family

create

reports
of

source

the

neighbor?*

others, for the

Medical Health Offioer states that he- Is handling three

times

as

many cas.es of venereal disease

in

proportion

to

-7-

oth>r.
tha,*

"ailmenta",

this class

not

are

also those with whom

only infecting

they

Sometimes

who

are

Working

atad

are

in due

affected,

it

be large,

and

on

the

effects

the

Consider

2.

the

normal

the

means

say,

capacity

to

the case

of Frank

attain

their

fact

even

that

public
,

n<?t

of No*

6,

do Grade* II work.

from grade

of

the

in the

saijae

room,

who at

Most

of

only 34 graded
the

not

mental

school educati6n.

son

of No.

2,

or

-who

of

Take

is

twenty

Muriel, the

fifteen years -of age could

these"

bieoaUse they

hot

family

living .-off

175

studied,

-children

whesn they have been

(to grade

number must.

subnormal

the

years old,. but oanniot dp Grade II work;

granddaughter

have been thus

large percentage hav,e

women

lasting and detrimental.

twelve women, being

that

but

but

tut

accosted by these
How many

of

is true,

low moral1 order,

mental effect a of
The

community.

spring-. o|f

to

impossible

It

fairly good homes.,

are

infected

course

ia

oity

another, but

one

contact.

Of

are

from

men

in the

in

come

o'ouraie. that those infected

hot always.

This leaves little doubt

ten years ago.

as

can

two

or

are

moved

on

three years

do the' work, "hut to

prevent therh from becoming obstinate and unmanageable,; and

because

they tend

chlldnen.

The

make lit t la

or

The
room in

to

law
no

oompels

.them to* attend,

sohool,

but

thej

progress.

result ia

which they

become ring leaders among the Smaller-

are

general slowing up of work-in the

placed.

It Is

only natural that

the

-8-

promts i ho child sjets

least

in this
There

Mosit

Collegiate.

public 'Schools oh.

Of the

result iis

that

is

of

the

the

o'.'

the

south

to

Hiehce

community
''
'

...

men

tal

<rhi'ld,!does

not.

which 1$ ! far: from

forth

call

subnormal

the

does

but. the average

mospheHe

side

his best

cannot

but

The

have

detrimeht&l

and

the

a^erci^e;,
at-

an

whjich'

fells

child renj-Uri the

effect

>\
and

djstcorum

or

d-o-as good .workt in

of.':.subr:o'jrmal:

'

,'
-standards

'-;..

oni the

'-;''.[

intelluctual. attainments ,pfj the

arid;., this vies who

were

only did they stimulate

but

it

found

who were' neither'

gang;

farmed

frequently

Not

was

that they

one

were

(delinquent

was

subnormal family

Ihe gi^oup of

fouhd. Oh :paces 1, 5 and 9,

the

ci-lty.

one

efforts.

la^p-e number

necessity pernicious,

when

the

snorts

stimulating,1'

The1 moral .elffecits of tiie

3.

of

child vlower

communi,ty

addition

this school is always behind the otlver two.

that

only

in

indigent ola^a attend

forrnot

and

proverbial snail.

Is outclassed In matters of study,

It

to

pacja for the room}

public schools ''in this city,

three

are

the

to

the pace

case,

the

nor

are

of a

-Juvenile. -delinquents
gang of

seen

in,

another

ishopbre&kers

.Juvenile
to

court.

lawbreakihg,

influencing other boys

subnormal.

broken up. by sending the

It

only

was

ringleaders

Industrial School, that their influence among Other

boys

was

language,

halted.
standard

Even

yet, those

of mobals

and

who

remain, by tilieir

conduct, tend to

-9-

Idwerlllng -^f

fche-'molliiiai cddaLamiQnjg|.'th.efir:.^h.aoJtoatjasyJ

Titers ame

id of

least

28

is

true o|f the delinquents -whose! delinquency

sexusllina'tklrel
are

While most

of

guilty

Of i .the. ,34 moral deliritqu&nts, at

illegal p^rjerijtage

some

sdhiool ma'tefe.

The

aexually

if thtiiriiwere,

sqcommon

sanroe; or.

xempxajfi onl

immoral girls

to .make

is.' bou/nd;

Abpulfc

clas3,l

own-

or, op

that

immunity

to1
otf a

for. ji

tthe time that: some of

mucW. oiC the stigma oeemiedt

raoived, a^dj.the facts

were

lalccept

efll as! a

to '^ha'vje

beenlire-

'.i-matteri 'Of courf s.e.

.

ilncludjed-- ji.h this dlasis pf-tfeh had- tfe.scfadt to fpolli!

The boys

potentlially f-ihle girls',, who thus beea'mel'.-conltam'i'na't^e'd..

buit.

i,,s- almols't Impoaslible

group, like

to!

estimate the^fooral 'ejOect -that

this 'carl have. .Ion the y.<pu)nger gerierfetltion .who

iaris', suscepiti-ble

to

the mora[|L cod"e'3 <j)fl those. 'at cfet them;,

.

Another eff.ecft iff the ^subnormal family ls| the>e-03t

4.
to f I

-ta^bOrtii on|^

girls -be'cfa-me 411e|gal mothers, tha 's.itfoatii|on ;becfcnte.

tfiiese

or

presence f in any) school

lo> feeing o|f morial' s|ta.hdlar.ds.

It

Oft this gtoiup affected] mainly th-eiir

nelverthelle'bs

group, of,

'i

mairtteriance'i

prl^blet|i, ,-yet

It may b3

in1 vielw of

tol' the

.aveirdge' Oltilzen

family

-on

merce^ry

vi'ewi to take of .the

mounting taxation,.' iit J i|s

to

Bchowthl

effect

of the.,

of

.importance

aubipprmal

his tax bill.

ATmols.t all of the 175, individuals listed in the! above

ta|ble-,;,are Mkept by th,e-oity!

entirely

or

by., tb|e

-state.

Thlis

la 'not

due to the presefl-tiiadverse- economic : conditions.

Harry of .th1asa",1 families "have beeh kept;;,

at

leiastj partially,

-10

by

the

There

years.

sy loc&l

or

city

charity errgahizations

families like Nors.

are

had to receive help from the

ih piroaperous tim6s,

whole group

the
over

But

3f

9 who

4 and

city evie.ry W.Ihter,

that Uh'emplpymett

now

living

are

1,

for many

relief,

on

and

even-

is

oommoh',

been

have

for

two years.
'

The

of
was

we

of

City

January 1933
not

the

Weyburh -spent $3,^00*00

on

the

keeping

of these

heaviest mlorith. of the year

take' into consideration the

Federal -Governments

idea' of' the treimendlous cost

In'addition
Is It he cost of

to

the

their

of brjinging ,mOst

any means*.

we :can

get sfpme

<}ost -pf' keeping thleke.f^milire-s.j

^medlcjal' attention;.' ;;Mo|stl

the

\City,

--men-

of

rand

in. -town.

th,<Hr children ..intjo the

of

When

involved.

I the' medioal\ 'and dental

of

niohth

tne Provincial, and

share of

torhetjy charitable organisations,

kindness

the

families; and this

b|y.

l/n this expenditure

for

world

'

thial.is
the

The -cost

is, borne

by the1 city.

The

operations

torne by the" .citizens1, relief -p,rganJiz atiojn.

is

cost

In- addition 'to

of "dental

t'he'.cQst

Ia'mil'ie!s\ ia.'the expense

child in JBublic School,

an

oentage cff

fiere

-expense ofi o;ver

of the

"keeping

educating

it costs

Board estimates ...that

involving

of

work, eye correction ^nd

70. pO
are

them.
per

over,

^7000.00

ev,e|r be expected t

whom pah

The,

School

ye^r for avery

hundred Ohil&iren

only ^ small per-

give to the state

any ade^ate returns f ojr. the ,mony expended^

'

of tihese

In the

case

-11-

0Tf< No". Z,

for

educate .'thils,
and:

it

yet

is

ihstanoe,

not* ihg-. of

to -say

family,

In

doubtful If any

addition to all

keeping those who

the

Take

^jails.

are

City k^ep,. clofebe

from attendance at; school.

School.

Industrial

The

eldest boy who is in

jail-;

to -belar

the

through

for the

oost

expense,
Of

clhse

of

the

10.

tha-A'

decreasing',,

bfef in the
were

-realize
we

futu;r|e.

to

is called upon

be

to

cost

or

on

who jhave set up

city relief .'

is. mount ing rather

giet some' ''idjea' o.f what

The above' table

Or'j.take

kept in

the

cost will,

shows -that whereas

there,

are

now 46.

this* &oe0. not. take into account ws\-aii the young

who are;1

imbecile

and

all df her children

land

Orphonage,

twelve, homes to begin with,

couples

keep the"

into the world.

that -this

-ijfc

Salvation Army, H'ome,

government, owned MentaT Hospital',

an

but

toys sent', <fe o the.

society

the

the'

does

family,

required

This woman has

afe bieingkept either in

expense of

only

bringing the illegitimate

of NO:

When we

the

two

is

and

child of the eldest daughter

the

Not

JJo. I'.

state

the

Hospitals, reformatories,

care

has to pay jfor the upkeep of

Is

cost,

in Mental

take

keeping it,

member f it has

one

this

case -of

and

$ 5.60^00 p"er yMt to

costs

anyj material benefit

derived

and

It

there'

Ahd.

married

living wjLth their parent8, but only those

separate households..

sx&ad of having to

provide

-for

bf 175 additional1 Individuals

means

thja,t

in-

twelve indigent "families,!

this City is. called upon to provide; for

having the .upkeep of .12 women,

This

46;. instead

the city has how

on

its hands.

the

of

post

-12-

Not
of their

only

are

to

upkeep

those
the

relief increasing

on

but also

Government,

the cost

th'dfte

institutions.

Take

This

confined to the Mental; Hospital

woman

was

for

example the Case

mentally defective.

She

cafeiohs to live with

her nu'aband.

she

lived

as

her ch.'ildreh

a-

was

prostitute

were

born

allowed

with her.

been trebled

Thus

in her

the

province both Mental Hospitals

and

why

the cost

of

cost

are

tilmes

Both
Now

td 'the

taxjbay

exdlaln Why

df-

she

her unfortunate

This may

case.

oot

these

visits home.

initial

&6 a

two

with his consent.

during

5b.

No.

on

During

again in the Mental Hospital, andare

out

of

in

is

children
er

has

in thi3

crowded tp pSpadity^

caring for the mentally defective

is

steadily /rising.
It would be

of the'se

difficult

and

mentally

predict

the

cost

to

175 individuals, but taking into-acoQurit

.anient Upon direct relief,

care,

to

the
and

expense

of

the

cost

society..
the

of, education and

maintaining' institutions

morally defective, it must

run

into

money

meaicial

their

for

thousands

of dollars, and this without any visible satisfactory

turns

for the

III.
If

money

invested*

THB SUBNORM&L FAMILY AND jBONTRWI ING OAFSES.

we

are

to deal with the

intelligent

and

scientific manner,

xne

causes

We will

re

that

olassify

have

the

subnornial family in
we

an

mu$t first determire

contributed, to Its present condition.

causes

into two groups.

,1 'The'l&erjaditatf

1-

Causes, 2, The Environmental Causaa.

1.

There

most

was

entirely

since

a. tlm'e

for

and

Ily.

laziness

has also

al

Biology

characteristics

physical,

But Biology

transmitted.

such as

etc.

shown

has

be

cannot

that

heredity

responsible for- the neuromuscular set-up' with which

child begins: life.

the

o\f possibility

Thus the area

-in

every child's

life Is set by the organism.. given* to it by

its. paVrehts.

Hen.ce the imDOrtarit part played by heredity

as a

cause

'for the

Lei: us

(a,)
.

subnormal fern

shown us- ..that acquired

tnOr^l delinquency

is

the

was/^biat'med'

When heredity

ence. to

subnormal family.

fii*st think -of. the

The -fact

heredity.

we' have been

studying,

rOught:,in by

one*

or

ten

both,

physical

that

record

shows that

in.

parents,, is, ind,ic'ative ,of

of, the

nearly,

Medieial Health- Officer has had

are

infedted

No.

Is

most frequently

most

noteworthy.

fected frjora childhood and

compelled

were

not

likely

deaf.

ever

to leave
overcome

all

in the

of these

in

creating

physica:!.

The

of

family ^hasjaeen

in

Of. the

the handicap,

subnormal familyv

times

youngest

played

who

ease

at different

disease has

families the

The

the .eyes.

Its needs little elaboration -to-

mission of

subnormal f ajmily.

to, treat- the children

The entire

school.

venereal disease-,

nave

the.larg^ part' physical disease 'playsThe

refer-

with

the. twelve fanril'iea

out, of

of,.th.eroT

cause-

the. .children
child will

since he
see
a

that

is
the

large, part

almojst

trans
In

the

-14*

(,bl)

The,

o 6n.tr,

lbuting factor**

With,

3? 3, 7

Noa.

of

true

is

same

Of

and

mental defectiveness
the twelve

10,

or,

one

had

been,jjaja Mental' Institutions

in

the..

caise'

been

mentally defective

had

and

teen

the

case

of No.

mother1 of this womah

were

first

is

In

"low grade moron.

frtrai Mental

Hos-pitals;,

who would not

not

grade

of these twelve
and

and

and

ahe her

and

low grade morbh,

than

an

four patients

have

we

had

woman

confined t

cousins,

and

high grade

seven

morons.

It 'is

that of thie 175 living descendants

couples,

that

till me-,

some

1, the father

Here

one

more

to be wqndered at

normal,

at

parents wereK

of -No. 10., the .mother of this

institution.

self

o'ouples started

both

or

as

there

there are

only 34

are

already

who would

who are

confined

greid^,.
in

the; Mental .Hospital.

It. is

therefore

mental;.; defect fiveness,

that

evident

transmitted .f rani ..parents., to children, has played

part

Iti

bringing about

the conditions that

large

produced tire

subnormal family.
2.
But

The envlomraental causes

therte

factor

in

not.isp

are

ea,sily tabulated.

little doubt thfrt environment Is an, important

can

be

the

subnormal family.

vironmental factors.

We

will, deal with three

en

1, The Home Environment; Zx The, Social

Environment; 3. The Economlo Environment.

(a)

The Home Environment

whether the

It wodld

subnormal home is the

Subnormal family r

Certainly

it

be difficult

cause

or

the

is true that

to decide

effect

of the

it is. the sub-

1-15-

normal family that gives rise to the undesirable home.:;

hehce it is

an

effect.

it

But

is

also

that the

true

unfavorable home reacts detrimentially upon the family",

and Especially the
One

children; henoe

cannot visit

ih the above table

no

small factor in

the homes

it .is

and

above have

ience.

the

subnormal i,ty

found

of.

daughter

had

NP

of the homes
in

his
the

to her h If -brother.
could riot

home

be

where

1,1,

three-rooitn -sahek.
fact

despite the

entire families

two

Privacy isi
that

the

oldest
The moral

Qr

living in

impossible, and

normal,

are

but

else

filth.

are-

of -course

children

exped

anything

pay not. bins of the dirt and

to

unsavory,

ahild

The

filth, squalor

some

been equalled

never

in this

atmosphere

for

Chicago; 'but

till ere.

the, slums of

in

insitance,, Case. No.. 1, where

.For

cause.

without realizing that" the -home la

unwholesome moral conditions!

listed

Case

and

the' class listed

otf

writer has had siome, "Small experience

Great Britain,

also

tlrere

are

unmistakable signs of moral' -dsgenerjat ion, because of^the

home

influence.
In the

8, it would

of No.

case

be

Estimate the evil effects of- the home.

prostitute,

an*

-as

soon

as

follow in her footsteps.

not, they

-are

repeatedly

boy,

exposed

that- it

Bennla,,

In

hag

this

to
no

impossible

to-

The-jiother

is'

thfc girls- grow, old

It

the

enough they

tyould b& strange; if they did

whole

to

stigma

family is

disgusting husir.eSB

ijhem-.

sad

one.

Thie

case

so

of the

He. Is bright

-16-

and

shows

indications

Qf rising

but

as

he

has reached

puberty,

signs

that

there

can

the

home

other

traits

unsocial

be

little doubt

game

men

to

true

is

visit

the

encouraged

of

The

liquor.

minds

environment,
and

body

The

fined

of

must

the

this

Case

No.

is

school

not

and

of

of

frequent debauches amid

imprest's!

indelible

ca

children.

homes

provide

only morally, but

to

as

social

of

contacts

eufficieht.

are

very

unhealthy

cleahlin|ess. of

largely unsocial.
but

of them attend the

with

here

same

those of

friends drawn from the

they tertd

rather than

to

to

set up

live

by

attitude^ set

is limliJed,

that

school,

their

awn

and

group

older

The

entirely

with their

The result. is

for their?

moral standards

since

tendency 'is

the

indigent class.

the mores

the

con- i*

the children there are

For

even

mainly

are

class, hence the social

own

contacts,

this group

members of the family associate almost

that

supplied with

cited, but these

these

The

daughter.
him

left an

have

encouraged

man

d lie d? hie has

she

3inee

to his

scene

be

This

speech.

to assooiate

own

due *Q

largely

4.

they keep

smaller

might

most

to their

are

most

been ominous

Social Environment.

E.

up

thalt

that
the

was

that

cases

that

show

have

bfeihg developed, and

attentions

same

home

orgies

More
to

taere

are

his wife,

only stipulation being

In the

environment,

environment.

Tiie

drunken

his

acove

of

own

group

society.

-17

On

have no

that

faeling of shame, but

contrary they feel

the

on

adolety hgs dfealt harshly with them by interfering

in th'eilr

to'

seem to

raBLny Questions of moral delinquency, they

private affairs.

llleigitjimate

part wHth them,

who have

girls'

The

iff spring ftiave -in the

and

seem

to. feel

no

main

given birth

refused

to

compunction about the

censure of society.
Iter this may

The reason
are

Thia

somewhat avtbid'ed

by other

tends tio force

them' among

ctompanlbnabipu

It

due

social groups

theiir

and

tertdls

group that sets up its

'The

relat/ed'.

cj[ty.

claiss for

and

void

s6k

stigma upon, their

not

again

entirely,

Environment

cause

and

For- while We

standard
to^

of morals

ameliorate

a.re

-subnormal that

yet;

we

also

effect)

are

closely i into rit

is

because

recognize, that

Mbst of these

in

good times,.,

few months

When

an

men

economic want

are

plays

large

unskilled laborers, whose work,i

is -uncertain; -and

in every

economic

they

these oeople a^e e.cbnomically destitute,

part ish. aggravating and extending, theii* subnCrmality

even

the

recognize- that

must

own

-society.

ffoonbrnjio

Here

if

soften1

to

ostracislm of
a.

-they,

Mt lit laJe'e king .these' associations they give

conduct.
to

own

the

in

the^f have deified,

to associate1 with, those who' puaoe.-no

rise

t halt

to the' fact

only natural .-that Itlhey will

is

standards

those whose moral

be

irregular.

year wheik -there -is

depression comes, they

no

are

There) art

employment;
the

first to

and

18*

boc'olmei

Unemployed, and

empltoymecft
wages ..are
of

Even when they

and

^m-gll,

are.

are

to -Obtain

their

working steadily

never

far from the

line

subsis^enoe*TheT women arie

that

no -one

have

,-

all

nearly

will hire ti^em.

What makes the.

and-

less;^

they -have

relUcta^nt

of the.'

charts

-jr-omiae.'.to

the work done,

possible,

to

to

them.

hire

caught him

in

this

secure

of.

-One

the.

boys

found: Work by

business main
the

boy

mo.st

people
1

page No.

the writer

the

on

sat isfie"dr 'with

was

taking money,

Iwals

position

on

It- would

the ..act.

boy

that

.stealing

of

they

bright ehough, but

are

cae.es

fou'hd-. that

but

care

the simplest house

in

'

was

The

good.

housekeepers

dirty, and

are

even

guillty

submitted

make"

iaau finally

some

often ;been

'so

it.uat.ion almost hopeless

.-training whatsoever,

The children in

such p-oor

.They

no.

work.

are.

-they,

be alb'le

l8st 'to

the

be

almost
at

ih town

im

a!ny future

daite.
Add
the

to this

foresight

money they' do
status

is

that -these t individuals- have -nei'tiher

the fact

nor

shrewdnessand

eaitn,

JLn

the

evident

if. will be

generally low.

of

Some

spending of -the little

them

that

their

buy radios

on

econoraiq
the

in-

.'-#;
stalment plan,

and

make

machine recaverea.

a:

few

Others

prepared condition;

instead

and

own

preparing their

payments, only

buy

foodstuff s" in

to
a

have the
caaned

oi'.tour chasing basic commodities

food".

I& is

not

unusial to find

buying. prepared breaKfaat foods, prepared mustard and

Mtiney

is

often

spent

on

Or

showy clothes,

rather than

on

them

olives.

servibe-

-19-

able' and

warm

clothing.

More might be stated, but

show

that

the economic position of these peojrie

favorable.

part

The result of course

the

of

rickets, and-

child rewi.
are

is-

moral

as

to

be traced

is difficult
and

poverty

physical

the

on

need

Many

of

glasses.
The

lack

medical

them. need

child

Parents and
of

any pocket money

to

and

economic want,

but

say.

want

How much of

delinquents.

Haye

moral

and how touch

there

played

the

can

be

In

to

in

important part

an

sensuality,
that

little doubt

dounfall of the' subnormal

attempting

to find

subnormal family,

the

family.

one

is

solution for

traversing

an

the

Social. -philosophers' have propounded

little

no

or

jrogres^s

seems

The lobstacle

solution'.

public opinion

difficulty

can be

to

have

problem

almost

cou'ntry.

to act

prostitution

SUGGESTED RKMIKDIES -FOR THE SUBNORMAL FAMILY.

IV,.

the

malnutrition

is

un

largely responsible for the thefts committed by the boys

listed
can

some,

properly clothed.

not

are

is

Note how many in the charts have

Undernourished.

and dental care, and

ren

aufficieht tlb

this Is

been made

of

unexplored

theories, but
as

to the

lies .'In the slowness' with which

made aware

of gjetting the state,

of the
the

problem,

and

the

school and- the churcn

with any degree of uniformity-

To

the

legislator

these-people represent votes; to the educationalist, "problem"

children; and
three of

these

to

the. church,

possible converts.

institutions to

particular remedy which they

see

can

the

problem,

supply, is

To

get. all

and. the

the task of the

-20-

sOCiall scientist.
Let

us

the.se

approach

to

suggested remedies

problem of- the subnormal family, keeping

the

in mind 'tfaa

institutions under whos-e jurisdiction they wbuld coniei.

Since

the

the State-,

Contribution

to

1,

fior

;he

they would fall.

The

Contribution

the

SifhoO

State.

of the

fch\e'' subnormal

the State

the

best

seen that

the

subnormal family

interests

physlaally, mentally

constantly" rising

and

consider

to

State.

iln

lating

each, a

haadUnd of the institution' to

lot

The probLem Of

be better

it. 'would

make,

these remedies', under

whose

School arid, the Church have

of. Society,
is

it. is.

is

chiefly 'one

problem bf legis

the

has

morally,

expense,

family

and -since: we

have

Increasing

menace

an

ever

to

say .nothing of a

surely

of

duty

trie

the

State! to meet this problem.

The. suggested remedies
are

tihr.ee

fn, number j

1,

which

The

the

State mignx exfect

Improvement of Existing Marriage

-

'

"

Laws} Z,

Segregation; 3,

Sterilization of Unfit,

and

In'cr'ea&eq.

Knowledge of Birth Control.

(.1)

{a}

in the!

cate

<

The first

interests of solciety,

is

prior to the issuance' of

certificate would
From the caises
were,

suggestion

certify

recorded,

married who

were

as

it

st

to
to

improve marriage laws

demand

diseased

medical .certifi

This

marriage license..

to'mental
can

^a

be
ahd

seen

in

and

physical

that .many
some

cases

fitness.

individuals

mentally

-21-

defective.
nd

option

To

the

but to

that both parti

Supply

es

To the Clergyman

or

service, there is
he

though

certify

would make

that

s;-ow

no

Of human
as

there

alternative
or

Impossible

bult

botlh

marriage

provided

legal barrier.

no"

nroeeied,

even

unfit

becone

to

like

of couples

both daughters-^are. mentally defective, and

where

the eldest

time

of marriage',

and

Was

required
It

physical health,

where

daughter

the

performing

a .'.certificate

and

soundness

the

to
are

Were''

beings.

tc metntal

is

of the peace

Justice

nilay .know that anle

procreators
to

oan

required license,

the

there is

license's

of marriage

issuer

pregnant'1

5,

No.

No.

8,

ahd diseased at

the

since infected her husband and

has

children.
It will be argued
work
the

some

quarters that this

will

hardship upon. people desiring to /marry, but surely

importance of future generations warrants some slight

After all,

inconvenience.
a

in

lifetime for

the average

marriage only
individual, and

should hot

be looked u|pon. as burdensome..

that

now

it

la

policy without

almost
a

before, entering a

should

not

b.e,

occurs- once

impossible

to

take

medjical examination,

some

When
out.

surely

relationship pertaining

to

an

in

precaution's
w-e

consider

life

insurance

examination

parenthood.

too much to ask.

This would not,

those td whoid the

of

course,

marriage

records of those unaer

bond

prevent the alliance

means

discussion,

it

little.

of

From the"

will be seen that

i2^

several hftd entered $.. state, of cohabitation prior

their marriage

In fact

,.

marriage aervibie
while tthelr 6

the

performed

foh Lawrence and hi's"f lfe| -'on Pa|ge

wmiihs

old-

.child cried, in

-firmed tlat

It mayi bb

rooinr.

the writer

to

like

cases

an

Np.y4j

adjoining

these

oould'no,^

curbed by demanding

Certificate

they would i, simply form

union/ wi thout .any1 matrimonial

be

as

to

health,

since

sanct tonfro-m: society.

This !raay -be

Certificate

.granted,

would at

who1 a. re diseased

the suggested, medical

but

least make It' impossible

from; marrying

and ihnocent" partner.

.

a-ndl

moxibls,

On several

requirement

the results

and
of

totallly unsuspecting

this class have be.en married ..to.

medical

for thos[e

occasions .girls

men

of normal

have been

from

Intelligence

disastrous.

certificate, the, physical

By the;
con^-

diltion af .both parties would be revealed-,, and' any contract'

entared

into after that would be done'knoving the

dire

Consequences.
The

second

improvement in existing, marriage.- legl'ls'-

latipn-'weluldi'b.e the requirement

intent tlo marry.

the

This would

c'lahdest-ine marriages that daily

has

in mind

a'

boy

of 16

neighbor ling' t.ow6i twelve

of seven

and

prevent many,
take

were

milew away,

married and Iwent

on

place.

girl of 14
and

issuer of marriage licenses that they

The.y

days notice" of
of the

The 'writer1

who went

persuaded

were

tour for some

to- a
the

ofr legal a|ge.

six weeks.

-&3-

Upon their return

place where

situation,

up,

and

Halfl

they,

thieif
of

-end

boy

&.s

been

wouljd only

result,

gllr-L

to

parents 'W,ouId,

their intent i-On,

.,

hatoe

'set

was

Intent

of

notice

probability

have

v'Ould

c'atastritphe

aggravated

subnormal

poet

in a.13

and

have

parents long beif ore maturity

were

required

developed to the

had

problem

annulment

an

the

the

to

marry,]

been .informed

been

have

averted.
Many -Ob jelctl'ona -have 'be|$n raised to" this suggestion
because

Of

waiting

one

inconvenience

thle

accepft e&by

months

tut"

or

.lodjge

a.

oir

Involved.

before

club.

their

Surely

no

Yet

men

are

kept
lis-

application

individual- regards

marrilja&e. ,s'o, lightly tlhat'he would consider the advance

nOtllcLe of th
thle

of

event

individual

the goold

of- the

adiolesc-eb ts

in

should

State.
and

bigamy

The feelings' arid

hardship..

-a

this matter .be

convenience

subordinated

to

The prevention of .marriage 'by

ill -considered -allirinces

impOrtahlt t'hflri the trouble

of

is. moire

regi ste.r i;ig, ih advance,

the.

intCnt.-on .to marry.

Here' a^ain.
abide

to

tlhe

-woulld

only touqli

law, and could!

lllioit unions,

into
and

by

we

'not

%c.?e Uiho.were vrilling

those'- who entered

jfffec't

at-leiasit it wottld' a^ct ^s

but

prevent much of the deception that

is

practiced

check
upon

unsuspecting individuals.

(2f)

As has

been

slelen,

legislation waild only

the suggested amendments to marrlagf)

act as

at

check.

We must

deal, more;

24-

directiy with the

gat loin

been

his

subnormal

theories, 'that

this end segrer

This word has

suggested.

in so many wtt-ys,

interpreted

To

family.

amd

come

lobe used

in

to.be
so

diverse

might be well io explain exactly whet

It

la meant.

fa)

Social

Segregation.

By -segregation
in

we-

m$an' the

community by themselves,

and moral

locating

w&are

the

effects listed above would

society does

th'e.-.'commrtnity.

criminals, leper|s
being

-of

group

ex-erclse

There

a in

can

influence

be

this class

physical,

mental

longer affect

not hesitate

to

-segregate

threaten t\he, well-

any others t=hat

or

society.

no

of

little doubt, that this

that is

detrimental,

and

which

cbuid be,st be removed by segregating them.

ojf-such segregation would

Another advantage

they would become less of

listed above

men

are

ih ho'mes Noa' 3 and 4

neighborhood.

the

earn

ly

enough-

become-

to

public' burden.

can

Yet

say,

Most^of the

do

these

more

men

work than any

have

the

that

for instance,

oharge

on

the

fathers

four men

in

been able to

never

They

community.

to

no

have tried

avsill.

Df any

importance

Were these families

have

placed

farm

They possess

Industry, but lack the. initiative to succeed,

decisions

The

support thblr families, which have consequent

ing, drayihg; and contracting, all

the

that

good workers, but poor managers.

farmers

writer has heard

be

where

to be made.
on

state

farm,

or

in

-25-

where decisions

colony

competent supervisor, and

be

done

for

not

become

the

women

them, th

be

could

where

is

are

no

made

now

to

by

why they could

reason

With proper

selfrsupporting.

them

buying oould

their

supervision

could became better housewives- .and better

managers of the family finance.

to be

for

subsidized

could not cost

it

keep ill 46 households

if

Even

on

the

colony had

much as

as

it

does

city relief..

Segregation of the Sexes.

(b )

suggestion has been

The

colony

the

sexeis

be

should

prevent the reproduction

unfit children.

force.,

and

should

only

of

mantdlly

tried

In

if the ne>xt

Snd

of

mod

order to

physically

difficult

very

an unnatural

such

in

that

separated!,

This would be

woulQi be
he

made

to

life.

suggestion

en

It

were

re

jected, namely, sterilizat iqu.

(3)

Sterilization

<tf the

mentailly

fective has long been advocated,

it

seeped into

when

the

From, the

Plato wrote his Republic to the present,

the

protection

to

day

eugenists

solutions to the problem of the

defective,' but sterilization

of

de

physically

but only Recently has

public consciousness.

have advanced various

ments

and

situation most

society, yet

seems

to meet the

For -rti He

aptly.
it

^deprives

require
it

gives

the defective

of

nothing except the privilege of bringing into the world

children who would

charge to society.

ohly

be

care

to

themselves and

-fifc-

Some have
that

it

be

main

medical

ia all

this,

is

the defeotive

not paramount,
ThUs

sex urge.

sexual

have

yet

an

or

the

grounda

inalienable

Among them the psarental

asks.

but

In the

iritiercoUraa.

entirely subordinated

is

to

sterilization would deprive them of

and would make

nothing that they value- very highly,

impossible for

on

declares tha[fc it is possible

aoience

sterilized and

instinct
the

depriving hUman beings

But

right.
to

is

objected to sterilization

reproduce "those

them to

whose

it

presence could

contribute little to the general well-being of ."society.

sterilization

Had

the. families; No..

Both

their

tb

time,

it would
are

now

The-

abused.
in

No.

of these Women were

prior

they

5 and

been

marriage,

in

effect;,

10 would not

incarcerated
had

and

have relieved

they

This is

amy forward

is raised

-(granted"*

The

There

been of

matter would

Only those-mentfiily

are

Hospital

sterilized at

some

that

the burden

of

of
But

on

be

'might

possibilities of

abuse

order, and

we

have

delicate and

as

capable

very high

as

haVe to -be handled carefully.

defective and

should be sterilized.

citizens.

been

ster'i lizati

that

entrusted to thom:many duties Just

is not

existence.

Bdt the ethics of the medical pro

step.

fession have always

gence

in

that

carrying.

object ion

of misuse.

be

now

mean

in the Mental

of

society

It would

those

incurably diseased

-Many subnormal families

high Older

are

society Should

capable

have

some

of

whose

intelli

railsing; useful

voice

in

the

charges

-27-

and

responsibilities

it Mil

Ik tha generations to

the

to

the

family of

since, large

oif

is

of

one

This might be

poverty.

done

ate

their families

this class to limit

with

'

their economic

children there

and

little

Is

defective,

paramount importance;

undoubtedly

are

the

diss'etoln&t Ion of contraceptive knowledge,

able

but

Ye't the question of limiting

subnormal

families

their extreme

apply only to

subnormals.
tine-

dnly dow,

come.

Sterilization would
and ndt

not

assume,

social

by

to

would

en

commensur

With -fewer

could

they

discreet

size

of

causes

that

status.

that

doubt

the

give

their

families greater opportunities for advancement.

has been

It

-immorality.
knowledge
immoral

while

that

argued

But we might

has holt

persons

point out that

in

those who need

increased

to

la-ck of such

Also,

prevented immorality.

ure

tend

this would

that most

possession of this information,

it

remain

markable thing about modern

in

The re

ignorance.
is

society

that

while

tho$e

economically capablje. of rearing Children practice birth

cohtrol, those ih
necessary

state!

of

poverty

are

deprived

of the

information.

Legl I slat idn .might he passed giving

dootors the

to

rlight

family hd. reached

impart the necessary

set

figure.

to

family

data when

This would

the

prevent the

raising fyt fatal lies of sixteen and eighteen by parents

able to properly

clothe Or feed

theau

un

-28-

2.

Contribution of the School.

If the problem of
it

solved,

will

ing children
new

have

who

are

to. be

It is here

lasting contribution

done

largely

that

to

develop

school

caa

the1

solution, of

the

to

the grow

among

the

be

to

family 13

impressionable enough

social attitudes.

make

subnormal!

the

problem.

(1)

first

The

suggestion is

subnormal dhlldren

specially

trained

together undeir the

In

management

Experiments have been

some

of

of
in

made

equal ability,

blighter children

back

but

o'f

teacher

children.

small way with

It

that

by keeping them

found^Aot

was

their beat

only that these children did

of

care

"problem"

the children recorded here.

environment

placing1 all the

that of

work when

in

an

they did not hold

in an

enervating

atmosphere.
whole tendency

The

is for

the

monopolize the teacher's attention .i

the backward

pupil is ttorgotten.

brighter pupils'
The

result

The teacher

to

is thai

tends

to

think the child obstinate and' ungovernable when the

pupil Is really Just desperately

class.

With the

the teacher

children,

oapacity
take

class hoti

si

into consideration thle

and

the

sting entirely

rest
of

Of the

"problem"-

cbuld regulate the. pape to the

df the children.

possessed,

behind

regulate

The teacher would be able to

capacity

her program

for work each-Child

accordingly.

TMs

-29-

it has been found,

ment and

The

school
is

to

giv-a-n-;t hesubnormal child encourage

enabled him to absorb

which his

1 2)

ha^

second

can.

maikb

pre.pare

suggestion
to

the

the

mentality of

for

life.

problem

the

Most of these

are

capable

mechanical tasks..
that

the

from

amongst

dh<|)Av rCiharkable
Efaroei

is

easily"
able

true of

for the

be

tau-ght

interest

the

in

keeping with

and

Mill fit him

it

difficult to

curriculum, but they

illustrated by
has

formed

subnormal girls and

women.

hoys

manual

city

and

knlttl.hg

and

men

training

in any work that

and

they

They

of

out I'd

them
Tike

them could

they show

remark

do with

can

fact

class

sewing.

Some of

in

the

but -some

geography,

or

at

dexterity
the

This might be

be taught arithmetic

never

will be

family,

acquiring considerable skill

school nurse
these

subnormal'

the

of

children find

ordinary subjects
of

for

paoe

contribution the

what

subnormal child,

learh the
often

as, to

curriculum that

fitted.

is

mentality

the work at

their

hahda.
After
the

it

is useless to expect

children

mental capacity to assimilate studies meant

normal,
do

all,

healthy child.

thle work,

at

least when

surely somethingi that

to hlra.

if the subnormal

And

he

it. becomes

more

for

child

ithout
a

carindt

complicated,

could learn would be, of value

Most of the chllldren in this group will

aspire to university work,

or

even

never

high schbol graduation.

-30-

But

Will, set up

they

them to be

help

citizens,

(3)

homes,, and if the school coiild

better housewives and.

great contribution

falraily

The miost

children of these

faihlilies is

The WrltCr was

above

listed

liad

been released

Joining,

but

required

moral

a;s

tlhem into

group-,

Well,

was-

that

d'tead

of.

healthy boy-

the

tales"

all

the

the

bond

corner

hope

of

one

is

toeing

and

represent the
Ee
and

school art

competes for cups

and

under-privileged boy wh?o

is

but

or

binding

that

tie

of

none

of

crime it
tell

on

is

pli^ground
to

boy is selected
on

school

teams.

the undernourished

too alwkaard

understand the rules of the game,

nothing

he would

field meets, and

medals,

court

released.

The athletic

uhorgartized.

ru'n

charafcterlsitic

they

asked,

Ihey had""

This is largely due to the fact

sport

after*

knew

They

Whenever they hald commi.tlted

only necessary to

who

The team work

games.

so

play.

bdlys;

was

they dsould fight,

that is the

"telling

in

to

these

of

question

normal boys together.

was

rest

eight

beyohd them,

of that group loyalty,

hearts of most

inability

delinquent s> Just

tmey couldn't play

in games

trieir

lack among th

probation jfronlthe Juvenile

on

you do?"

can

of organ i zed an-d

noteworthy

grou|o of

.given

are

climb,

be madie.

would

the development

is

supervised play.

"What

useful

third suggestion for the .school to "help the

The

subnormal

In

more

artd

slow to

left out of the

spoilt s

31-

ait ogether

Yet

he

is

very onerwiho needs t ho

tne

pUay

most-.
If plsiy
would

be

their,

superfluous

playing

eftipha-sla

on

athlete*

develop

the

The
a

might be

organised (fend supervised, every dhild

were

3,

b&? orgjartlziiiig;

done

in' this

incentive

to

,fm

and at

to

the

church*

-Its

Interpret

can

these
to

in

Most

lived

and

people

visualize

finbr

Of

world,

on

feeling-

the
is

as

role
a

playt-

equal

'.

not be

time

there would

ori.e group

to another,.

'..Li.'.

but

of -thlas-e
as

which

ban- contribute

subnormal

in- thle

families
long

as

home,have

-they

they might

play

task of colossal

to

in

the

grow- up
ean

looked upon

-self respect

and

so

the

ss

help these people,

to

been

family,

undesirable! company..
of

nearly

or

the same

sooriety,

charity,

shunneld

the

on

would

thle

chief function!'!

their- rdle

This

Church.
i

safild,

unsodif-.l attitude,

they have
lepers,

be

lack.

institution about whose contri

no

regeneration

Kingdom of God.
an,

is

promising

*girl

bby

from

the

or

the

graduate

now

or

outlet for

children would

the children

Ihe ContirubitDn of the

bution so little

with

way

an

could lay th

these

composed of those

Perhaprs there

much

thalt

normal p^ray life wihich they

hopeledsly outclassed,
the

Ad finding

bey instead of

slow awkwamd

result would bie

equal ability,

be

ATn instructor;

energy.

into gr.oups

grcund

team,

sDfae

on

and to
in the

magnitude.

remember

as

To

moral

give to

help them
bui

Iding of

&

-32

The

(1)

ohurch

social loie.

first

must

Want

They

tujy don't know how.

teaa

->

for. t'hfeir

parts,

task

of

.'do

They
the

only

for. social

Ttoid

all human beihgfi..

ship.
women

and

build

their

By boys'
to

gather

peopld

they
to

make

W,.

recognition
normal life.

recognition
the

ia.1 lif e arOund

are

These

call men intp,

pointed

essentials^ to
are

two

By her grelat

can

build

fellow

place for

housekeeping,
and

help

place
these

up

social -selves

out -that

affection and

realities*

two

supply*

of

the chuirch cOulfi,

Thomas has

can

useful. arit

and

desire

by. helping

its human

centre- of interest

esteem,

is

characteristic of

church could do

social contacts

I,

so

learn '.the

men

them

human

they

instindtive

and

that would .become

Br.

that

as.

but

it,

girls' groups, by having

in

are

soc

about

for- inainy of-

have

their

.and

outlet

an

play

and

giving to the

where

They

and

find

citizens

as

Life

suggestion.

approval

to

To- help them to

k.iaw how-to go

not

men

like others..

to be

church;

children,

as

Cmpty s,n& monotonous,

them to

the

social desires.

parents,

as

being's.
h'ee'd'

the

is

have

city

like to 'form'a club.

would

men

their

The business

They i-miit ate others because they want

Here

of the

teas.

to have

then these

Interprat

like other people, but

to be

The Other women

they* would like

form Club^

to

them

help

new

of the

doctrine

the

development of

things
of

relations hi o

that' the

Brotherhood,
of 'affect! on,

church
the Church
and

by

-33-

her

democratic spirit of equality.

sh

give to

can

socially repressed individuals the opportunity

these

for social expression and recognition.

(-2)

GhUrch must i also

The

help these people

pret their spiritual role.

in

the social soaib,

them conscious, of
has beien

no

liavlrag
The

impaired*

them

to

find

need

to

learn what

thbir

lower

fallen.

status

It

is

because

nothing

can

lift these

Evangellalti.

of; the

forms will

follow naiurjallyi

light

But

meant when he-

to Ithi's class with

in Chr

until

there

message
st

Old things have passed away,

than

so'

men

into

important.

their

own

they have re-evaluated

Church

Hence the

Plf ai% man be

They

Kihgdom of God, other

aufflieleAit self-respect to care.,

oomihg

helping

become SOns of GO;d,n.

Once

ih the

f<r thfem.

"of worth'

of 'God;

Klihgdom

people faster

themselves

that

sensie

the Church has power to help

evaluation of themselves;.

done

fallen low

society bars njaida

relationship that her contribution is

new

be

than

Their

in the

Fourth

tlhe

them have

church hasl tlhe, task of

"To them ga-ve He power to

aaid,

hut

of

Many

Inters.

to-

of

Jesus,

they havje, developed

is

has

the

is

that

little

can*

opportunity
and

hope

hfe

re

of

deliverance

new

creature.

behold;, all things have

become

new."
There

the

may be

tendency

to feel

that

this class

capacity to appropriate the Church's doctrine

At

Divliid Fatherhood,
that religion has

no

times,

place in

one

might

be

tempted

lack

of God's
to

their social and moral

think

uplift,

-34-

but whbn wie

remember Darwin's

description of thle

habitants of Tierra del Fuego,

scale

of

grunting

humanity"

llk<e animals

after

the Rev

among

thii

of

tribe
n

Che

not

of the

success

world could

,.

,......,..

It

is

this

to

same

look

If she

family r,

V/h-en

education ana

s'ttll One, wtho

is

from life's
honor
its

In the

part

must

temple .of

power of the

affection" and

lovfe.

the

should

of

make

subnormal

them

If the

have

failed,

vesi3el3 of

Church. would'!'

play

social outcasts,

these

that

the

broken sarthenware

the

"expulsive

the assurance

the

that

-'leglislatlon

problem its belief

Christ,

always

been done".

take

can

salvaging-

the

bring to

as.

I certainly

<.

lift, the

would

garbage heaps and-

In His

me ,-

con

derl 'FUego

transforming power

Church must

there

ye art

the missionaries' im

done what has

have

Yet

wrfote

in

Tierra

and sramejs

predicted that all

navie

fonrav

some

cannibals, Darwin a.ga

prophesied utter failure

In the,

eating human beings,

and

wonderful,,

Mission Is -nost

all

on

Thom&s Bridges had spent

cerning' th^m,

people walking

"the loweat

as

In

in

the

force

it

-regenerating

of

new

"He aakeltl all "things

new!*.
To

task of

these tlblree!

solving!

the

great institutions Ifc givien the

problenl

of the -subnormal

The few remedies suggested here are

family.

fragmentary

and

in-

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B11* ^

we

siiall at least

come

the problem and to seak its solution,

The problem cannot be avoided.,

degree

to which

we

the permanence df

lespond
our

It

to- this

civilization.

to

there

is here.

problem

recognize
is

hope.

Upon
will

thje

d'ejoend

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