INTRODUCTION

Mark Zuckerberg began the social networking service Facebook on February 4,

2004 along with his other college friends (Harvard University). The website's
membership was initially limited by the founders to Harvard students, but later was
expanded to other colleges in and around the area, and gradually most universities in
Canada and the United States, corporations, and by September 2006, to everyone of age
13 and older to make a group with a valid email address. As per the estimates of
December 31, 2013 there are about 1,230 million Facebook users.
Facebook is one of the best medium for communication which lets us connect to
different people from anywhere in the world. This gives us the opportunity to know more
about their culture, values, custom and tradition .Facebook advertising and Fan pages are
very helpful for a successful marketing campaign to many business organization.
Facebook like button is connecting their user to every other website. With a single like
button, Facebook brings everything inside.

Facebook is Addicting. For some people Facebook could be more addicting than
Cigarette. Fake profile is one of the biggest disadvantages of Facebook. There are plenty
of groups and Fan pages out there which are being created to abuse or violate other
religion, personalities, nation etc. People can get ones personal information by using
Facebook. Facebook often brings bad effects on students results. It causes mental health
issues, most commonly depression. . The Facebook has significant effects socially,
psychologically and occupationally. Pathological use of the internet results in negative
life consequences such as job loss, marriage breakdown, financial debt, and academic
failure. And suffered from interpersonal difficulties and stress (Dr.Orzack M H, 1996)
from different sources it is found that, Facebook can be life threatening sometimes.
Adolescence
Adolescence is describes the teenage years between 13 and 19 and can be considered
the transitional stage from childhood to adulthood in a hurried society the media pushes
images of teenage behavior at an early age. At the opposite end many adolescence are not
sure when they become adults. Gullotta and colleagues (2000) indicate the three essential
elements associated with adulthood by many life span theorists are financial
independence, gainful employment and marriage The end of the adolescence may require
occasional modification of emerging ideas of the age range associated with this period of

life. Though this period is often described as including the time from the onset of puberty
to the ten years, Arnett (1992) describes adolescence as puberty to the early 20s because
in American culture, adolescence is viewed as the time from the beginning of puberty
until adult responsibilities are taken on
Compared to other life stages, adolescence is a period characterized by an amplified
capacity for behaviors that have potentially dangerous outcomes. Bingham and
colleagues (1994) have described the period between 14 and 22 as the greatest window of
vulnerability for risk consequences across the life span.
Included in this phenomenon of increased risk taking are behaviors such as minor
criminal activity, criminal activity, sexual activity, reckless driving, problem gambling,
alcohol consumption, and drug use. The dramatic outcomes include incarceration,
disease, and possibly death. It is rare that adolescence will engage in only a single risk
behavior ;rather adolescence are likely to participate in a variety or composite of such
behaviors.
Facebook addiction

Facebook addiction means spending an excessive amount of time on Facebook.

Typically, it involves a person's Facebook use interfering with important activities in life,
such as work, school, or maintaining relationships with family and "real" friends. Some
call this emerging type of addictive behavior "Facebook addiction disorder" or FAD, but

the syndrome is not widely acknowledged as a psychological disorder, though it is being

widely studied by psychologists. Not all professionals in the addiction or mental health
areas would recognize this as a true disorder, but Facebook addiction disorder, or FAD, is
a real problem for many social media users. Even those who would not put a name to the
problem do realize that some people take Facebook usage to compulsive and unhealthy
levels. Any type of compulsive or obsessive behavior can become an addiction. The
qualities that FAD shares with a drug addiction, for instance, include cravings,
withdrawal, emotional attachment and disruption of life due to usage. Young women are
most susceptible to FAD and it is particularly prevalent among people who are socially
insecure or who have anxiety issues.
Dopamine, it is a chemical neurotransmitter associated with the motivation and
reward response in the human brain. Dopamine is also released in high quantities when
who consume drugs or having sex. Social media notifications can have the same
addictive effect.

Internet addiction disorder (IAD)

Internet addiction disorder (IAD) is commonly called problematic internet

use (PIU) or compulsive internet use (CIU). Internet addiction disorder is not listed in
DSM-5, manual. 2013, this is commonly used by psychiatrists. Gambling disorder is the
only behavioral (non-substance related) addiction included in Section III of the DSM-5.

However internet gambling disorder is listed in an appendix as a disorder requiring

further study.
Some of the issues involved when PIU, these issues are psychosocial variables,
which include, depression, self-esteem, loneliness, shyness, mood alterations and other
issues like, negative outcomes associated with internet use, compulsive internet use,
withdrawal symptoms when away from the internet and more.
Psychosocial risk factors
Physical impairment
Emotional impairment
Social and functional impairment
Risky internet use
Impulsive internet use
Internet use dependence.
The last three constructs have not been previously identified. Risky internet use is
behaviors that increase risks of adverse consequences. It is not just the amount of time
spent on the internet that puts an adolescent at risk; how the time is spent is also an
important consideration. The impulsive use construct describes an inability to maintain
balance or control of internet use in relation to everyday life. Finally, the dependent use
construct reflects the more severe symptoms that are typically associated with addictions,
such as withdrawal symptoms. Thus, internet addiction may represent a severe form of
PIU.
Cyber Relationship Addiction

Cyber-Relationship addiction is covered within Internet Addiction Disorder also

known as (IAD), it is an impulse-control problem.
A Cyber-Relationship Addiction has been described as, the addiction to social
networking in all forms. Such as Networking, Facebook, Online dating service such as
Uniform Dating.com along with many other communication platforms, creating a place
to communicate with new people. Virtual online friends start to gain more
communication and importance over time to the person becoming more important than
real-life family and friends.
Cyber-Relationships can often be more intense than real-life relationships, it causing
addiction to the relationship. With the ability to create whole new persons, people can
often deceive the person they are communicating with. Everyone is looking for a perfect
companion but the perfect companion online is not always the perfect companion in real
life. Although two people can commit to a Cyber-relationship, offline one of them could
not be the person they are claiming to be online.

Measurements
The Internet Addiction Test (IAT)
The Internet Addiction Test (IAT) of Kimberly Young was the first instrument to assess
internet addiction. IAT was a reliable and valid psychometric measure. The test measures
the extent of a clients involvement with the computer and classifies the addictive
behavior in terms of mild, moderate, and severe impairment. The IAT was utilized in

outpatient and inpatient settings and adapted accordingly to fit the needs of the clinical
setting.
Chen Internet Addiction Scale
The Chen Internet Addiction Scale (CIAS) contains 26 items ranked on a 4-point Lakers
scale, where in a higher total score indicates a greater severity of Internet addiction
symptoms. The CIAS was revised to address psychometric properties in adolescents, as
well adults.
Compulsive Internet Use (CIUS)
The Compulsive internet Use Scale (CIUS) was developed in 2009 by Meerkerk and
colleagues at the Addiction Research Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands. The CIUS
contains 14 items rated on a 5-point scale from 0 = never to 4 = very often.

Problematic and Risky Internet Use Screening Scale (PRIUSS)

Problematic And Risky Internet Use Screening Scale has been developed by
Jelenchick and colleagues in 2012 at the University Of Wisconsin School Of Medicine. It
contains 18 items.

Criterias of internet addiction (Mark D. Griffiths')

Salience: When the use of the Internet becomes the more important activity in an
individuals life and dominates their thinking (pre-occupations and cognitive

distortions), feelings (cravings) and behavior (deterioration of socialized

behavior).
Mood modification: This refers to the subjective experiences that people report as
a consequence of engaging in Internet use and can be seen as a coping strategy
(i.e. they experience an arousing buzz of a high or paradoxically tranquilizing
feel of escape or numbing).
Tolerance: This is the process by which users increase the level of Internet use
they partake in to achieve mood modification effects. So, for someone who is
engaged in Internet use, they tend to gradually increase the amount of time online,
to increase further the mood modification effects.
Withdrawal symptoms: The unpleasant feeling states and/or physical effects,
which occur when Internet use is discontinued or suddenly reduced. Examples of
withdrawal symptoms could include shakiness, moodiness and irritability etc.
Conflict: This refers to the conflicts between the Internet user and those around
them (interpersonal conflict), conflicts with other activities (job, social life,
hobbies and interests) or from within the individual themselves (Intra Psychic
conflict and/or subjective feelings of loss of control) which are concerned with
spending too much time engaged in Internet use.
Relapse: The tendency for repeated reversals to prior patterns of Internet use to
recur and for even the most extreme patterns typical of excessive Internet use or
addiction can be rapidly restored, even after periods of abstinence or control.

Preventive measures

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a psychotherapeutic approach that addresses
dysfunctional emotions, maladaptive behaviors and cognitive processes and contents
through a number of goal-oriented, explicit systematic procedures. The name refers
to behavior therapy, cognitive therapy, and therapy based upon a combination of
basic behavioral and cognitive principles and research. Most therapists working with
patients dealing with anxiety and depression use a blend of cognitive and behavioral
therapy. This technique acknowledges that there may be behaviors that cannot be
controlled through rational thought. CBT is "problem focused" (undertaken for specific
problems) and "action oriented" (therapist tries to assist the client in selecting specific
strategies to help address those problems).
Behavior therapy
Behavior therapy is a broad term referring to psychotherapy, behavior analytical, or a
combination of the two therapies. In its broadest sense, the methods focus on either just
behaviors or in combination with thoughts and feelings that might be causing them.
The preventive measures are the enhancement of inter personal relationship, interaction,
influence and inter dependence with parents, siblings and peer groups.

Individual therapy
Individual therapy occurs between the therapist and the client and focuses on the clients
personal feelings, thoughts and behaviors.
Family therapy
Family therapy will include the adolescent and his/ her parents, and when appropriate other
family members may also be included. This method recognizes the value of examining the
system surrounding the youth.
Group therapy
Group therapy has been employed for many groups. This form of therapy often consists of a
group of individuals experiencing similar problems.
Interpersonal relationship
An interpersonal relationship is a strong, deep, or close association or
acquaintance between two or more people that may range in duration from brief to
enduring.. Interpersonal relationships are formed in the context of social, cultural and
other

influences.

The

context

can

vary

from family or kinship

relations, friendship, marriage, relations with associates, work, clubs, neighborhoods,

and places of worship. They may be regulated by law, custom, or mutual agreement, and
are the basis of social groups and society as a whole.
Inter dependence
Inter dependence refers to an interpersonal association in which two people
influence each others lives. They often focus their thoughts on one another and regularly

engage in joint activities. Quality of the interaction between a mother(or other

caregiver)and infants determines their future interpersonal attitudes and actions as they
progress into childhood, adolescence, and beyond.
The first relationships are within the family, and one acquires an attachment style
(a combination of level of self-esteem and degree of interpretational trust) based on
interactions with a caregiver. Children also learn what expect from other people and how
to interact with them as a result of their interactions with parents, siblings, grandparents,
and other family members.
According to Gullotta et al . (2000), there are six characteristics that are crucial
when working with adolescence towards behavior change. First, it is important that trust
is developed in the relationship; otherwise the adolescence will be unlikely to share any
information with the professional. To create an environment that fosters trust in this
relationship, the professional must be genuine in his/her approach with the adolescent.
The worker must show empathy towards the youth, indicating that he/she does feel for
the young person and the situation that person is currently experiencing. Without an
element of honesty, the relationship between these two will not be successful in changing
any current problem behaviors. The fifth element to consider is the adolescences
perception of these qualities in the professional. It is not enough that the worker possess
these characteristics, it is equally important that the young person recognizes and
appreciates these qualities. Finally, the adolescent must want to succeed: self-efficacy
must be present.

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