Trigonometric Ratio

IIT-JEE Syllabus

1. Trigonometric ratios of compound angles

2. Trigonometric ratios of multiple angles, sub multiple angles
3. Conditional identities
4. Greatest and the least value of the expression

Total No. of questions in Trigonometric Ratio are:

Solved examples......23
Exercise # 1 ..26
Exercise # 2 ..35
Exercise # 3 ..26
Exercise # 4 ..09
Exercise # 5 ..15
Total No. of questions..134

*** Students are advised to solve the questions of exercises in the same sequence or as directed by the
faculty members.

Index: Preparing your own list of Important/Difficult Questions

Instruction to fill
(A) Write down the Question Number you are unable to solve in column A below, by Pen.
(B) After discussing the Questions written in column A with faculties, strike off them in the manner
so that you can see at the time of Revision also, to solve these questions again.
(C) Write down the Question Number you feel are important or good in the column B.

EXERC
ISE
NO.

COLUMN :A

COLUMN :B

Questions i am unable
to solve in first attempt

Good/Important questions

Advantages
1. It is advised to the students that they should prepare a question bank for the revision as it is very
difficult to solve all the questions at the time of revision.
2. Using above index you can prepare and maintain the questions for your revision.

19

KEY CONCEPTS

D
G
2C

90 100

(i) sin2 + cos2 = 1

(ii) 1 + tan2 = sec2
(iii) 1 + cot2 = cosec2

A crude aid to memorise the signs of trigonometrical

ratio in different quadrant is
" All Students To Career point

19

Allied
angles
Trigo.
Ratio

( )

(90 )

(90 + )

(180 )

(180 + )

(270 )

(270 + )

(360 )

or

or

or

or

or

or

or

( )

( + )

(2 )

sin

sin

cos

cos

sin

sin

cos

cos

sin

cos

cos

sin

sin

cos

cos

sin

sin

cos

tan

tan

cot

cot

tan

tan

cot

cot

tan

(iv) 2sin A sin B = cos (A B) cos (A + B)

(i) sin (A B) = sin A cos B cos A sin B

CD
CD
.cos

2
2

(v) sin C + sin D = 2 sin

(ii) cos (A B) = cos A cos B sin A sin B

tan A tan B
(iii) tan (A B) =
1 tan A tan B
(iv) cot (A B) =

cot A. cot B 1
cot B cot A

(v) sin (A + B).sin (A B) = sin2 A sin2 B

= cos2 B cos2 A

CD
C D
.sin

2
2

(vi) sin C sin D = 2 cos

C D
CD
.cos

2
2

(vii) cos C + cos D = 2 cos

C D
DC
. sin

2
2

*(viii) cos C cos D = 2sin

(vi) cos (A + B).cos (A B) = cos2 A sin2 B

= cos2 B sin2 A
(vii) tan (A + B + C)

tan A tan B tan C tan A tan B tan C

=
1 tan A tan B tan B tan C tan C tan A
(viii) sin(A + B + C) = sinAcosBcosC

(i) sin 2 = 2 sin cos =

1 tan 2

(ii) cos 2 = cos2 sin2 = 2 cos2 1

= 1 2 sin2 =

+ cosAsinBcosC + cosAcosBsinC
sinAsinBsinC

2 tan

(iii) tan 2 =

(ix) cos(A + B + C) = cosA cosB cosC

1 tan 2
1 tan 2

2 tan
1 tan 2

cosA sinB sinC sinA cosB sinC

(iv) sin 3 = 3 sin 4 sin3

sinA sinB cosC

(v) cos 3= 4 cos3 3 cos

(vi) tan 3 =

(i) 2sin A cos B = sin (A + B) + sin (A B)

(ii) 2cos A sin B = sin (A + B) sin (A B)

3 tan tan 3

(vii) sin /2) =

1 3 tan 2
1 cos
2

(iii) 2cos A cos B = cos (A + B) + cos (A B)

19

(viii) cos /2) =

(ix)

tan

(iii) p = cos. cos 2.cos 22....... cos (2n1 )

1 cos
2

/2)

sin 2 n
, if n
n
2 sin

1 cos 1 cos
=
=
sin
1 cos

(x)
(xi)

1 sin 2 A
1 sin 2A

1, if 2k

sin
1 cos

1, if (2k 1)

= |sin A + cos A|
= |sin A cos A|

If A + B + C = then
(i) A + B = C, B + C = A & C + A = B
(ii) sin(A + B) = sin( C) = sinC

Greatest value = a 2 b 2 and

Similarly, sin (B + C) = sin( A) = sin A

Least value = a 2 b 2

and sin (C + A) = sin ( B) = sin B

(iii) cos(A + B) = cos( C) = cosC
(i) tan (A + B + C) =

tan A tan A tan B tan C

1 tan A. tan B

(ii) tan = cot 2 cot 2

(iii) tan 3 = tan.tan(60 ).tan (60 + )
(iv) tan(A + B) tanA tanB = tanA.tanB.tan(A + B)
(v) sin sin(60 ) sin (60 + ) =

1
sin 3
4

(vi) cos cos(60 )cos(60 + ) =

1
cos 3
4

(i)

sin + sin( + ) + sin( + 2) +..... to n terms

n 1
sin

sin

n
sin

2

; 2n

(ii) cos + cos ( + ) + cos ( + 2) +.....to n terms

n 1
n
cos
sin

2
2

=
; 2n

sin
2

Similarly, cos (B + C) = cos( A) = cos A

and cos (C + A) = cos ( B) = cos B
(iv) tan(A + B) = tan( C) = tan C
Similarly, tan (B + C) = tan( A) = tan A and
tan (C + A) = tan ( B) = tan B

AB
=
2
BC
CA
A

=
and
=
2
2
2
2

(v) If A + B + C = , then

and
2
2
B

2
2

AB
C
C
= cos
= sin

2
2
2

sin

AB

= cos
2

AB

= tan
tan
2

cos

= sin
2 2

= cot
2 2

2
C
.
2

(vi) sin 2A + sin 2B + sin 2C = 4 sin A. sin B. sin C

(vii) cos 2A + cos 2B + cos 2C
= 1 4 cos A. cos B. cos C
(viii) sin A + sin B + sin C = 4 cos

A
B
C
cos
cos
2
2
2

(ix) cos A + cos B + cos C

= 1 + 4 sin

A
B
C
sin
sin
2
2
2

19

(x) cos2A + cos2B + cos2C = 1 2 cos A. cosB cos C

n 1
n

=
2 sin, n is odd
(
1
)
2

(g) cos

(xi) tan A + tan B + tan C = tan A. tan B. tan C

integer.

(xii) tan(A/2) tan(B/2) + tan(B/2) tan(C/2)

n 1
n

=
2 cos, n is odd
2
(1)

+ tan(C/2) tan(A/2) = 1

(h) sin

(xiii) cos+ cos+ cos+ cos(++)

integer.

cos
cos

= 4cos
2

2
2
(xiv) sin + sin + sin sin( + + )

sin
sin

2
2

= 4 sin

(xv) If n I then
(a) sin n = 0
S

(b) cos n = (1)n

15

18

22

36

n
= 0 ( If n is odd)
2

sin

3 1
2 2

5 1
4

1
2 2
2

10 2 5
4

n 1
n
= (1) 2 (If n is odd)
2

co
s

3 1
2 2

10 2 5
4

1
2 2
2

5 1
4

(c) cos
(d) sin

(e) cos (n ) = (1)n cos

tan

(f) sin(n + ) = (1)n sin

25 10 5
5

2 3

2 1

52

SOLVED EXAMPLES
Ex.1

The value of the expression

1 cos y
sin y
+
sin y
1 cos y
2

Sol.

equal to
(A) 0
(C) sin y
Taking L.C.M.

sin 2 y
1

1 cos y

sin y
1 cos y

1
3

1 cos y
sin y

sin
y
1

cos y

1 cos y sin y
1 cos y sin y
+
1 cos y
sin y.(1 cos y)

cos y cos 2 y
+ 0 = cos y
1 cos y

Ans.[D]

and cos A + cos B = 1 then

3

2
3

(B) |cos A cos B| =

(C) cos (A B) =

If A + B =

is

(B) 1
(D) cos y

Ex.2

(A) cos (A B) =

(D) |cos A cos B| =

Sol.

1
3
1
2 3

cosA + cosB = 1
AB
AB
so, 2cos
. cos
=1
2
2
or 2.
cos

AB
3
. cos
=1
2
2
1
AB
2

19

 AB
1
2

cos( D) =

cos (A B) = 2 cos2
=

tan D = 4/3

2
1
1=
3
3

The required equation is

|cos A cos B| = 2 sin

= 2.

1
.
2

1
=
3

AB
AB
. sin
2
2

2
3

Ans.[B, C]

4
12 4
12
x+
.
x2
=0
3
13
13 3
[A]
Ex.5

Ex.3

cos3x. sin2x =

2
5 1

m 1

Ex.4

Sol.

cos 3x 3 cos x
cos x. sin 2x =
.sin 2x
4
1
3
=
(sin5x sin x) +
(sin3x + sin x)
8
8
1
3
1
=
sin x +
sin 3x +
sin 5x.
4
8
8
1
3
1
n = 5, a1 =
, a2 = 0 , a3 = , a4 = 0, a5 =
4
8
8
Ans.[A, C, D]

( A + C = 180)

Sol.

10 2 5

5 1
.
4

4. sin 18 o cos 18 o
cos 36 o

5 1
. 1

4.

5 1
4

5 1
4

=
=
=

5 1
5 1

10 2 5

( 5 1) 2 (10 2 5 )
5 1

2
5 1

10 2

Ans.[A]
Ex.6

If sin (+)

= a and sin (+) = b, then

cos 2() 4ab cos () is equal to

cos C = 12/13.

so,
< B < and 0 < D <
[B + D = 180]
2
2

10 2

cos126 o
Value = 1
= 2cot 126
sin 126 o
2
= 2cot(90 + 36) = 2 tan 36
=

tan ( C) = 5/12, i.e., tan C = 5/12

Also, cos B = 3/5 ,

(D) None of these

If ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral such that

12 tan A 5 = 0 and 5 cos B + 3 = 0 then the
quadratic equation whose roots are cos C, tan D is
(A) 39x2 16x 48 = 0
(B) 39x2 + 88x + 48 = 0
(C) 39x2 88x+ 48 = 0
(D) None of these
In a convex quadrilateral no angle is greater than
180
Here tan A = 5/12

and
< C <
2
2

5 1

(C)

So, 0 < A <

(B)

(D) a m = 3/4

Ans.

The value of tan 63 cot 63 is equal to (A)

a m sin mx is an identity in x.

Then
(A) a3 = 3/8 , a2 = 0
(B) n = 6, a1 = 1/2
(C) n = 5, a1 = 1/4

Sol.

3
3
, i.e. cos D =
.
5
5

Sol.

(A) 1 a2 b2

(B) 1 2a2 2b2

(C) 2 + a2 + b2

(D) 2 a2 b2

sin (+) = a, sin (+) = b

+ = sin1 a. + = sin1 b
= sin1a sin1 b

19

cos1 a
+ cos1 b
2
2

600 10d

= 40

(60 d)
180

= cos1 b cos1 a
= cos1

ab

1 a 2

1 b2

cos () = ab +

180
40
600 10d

=
(
60

d
)

(1 a 2 b 2 a 2 b 2 )

cos2 () = a2b2 + 1 a2 b2 + a2b2

+ 2ab

600 10d = 120 + 2d

1 a 2 b2 a 2b2

12d = 480

cos 2() 4 ab cos ()

d = 40

= 2 cos2 ) 1 4ab cos ()

2 2

The angles of the triangle are 20, 60 and 100

2 2

= 2a b + 2 2a 2b +2a b
+ 4ab
4ab

Ans.
2 2

1 a 2 b 2 a 2 b 2 1 4a b
2

1 a b a b

Ex.8

= 1 2a2 2b2

The angles of the triangle are in A.P. The number

of grades in the least, is to the number of radians
in the greatest as 40 : . Find the angle in degrees.

Sol.

Let the angle of the triangle be (a d), a, and

(a + d)

180

40

cos 4 sin
+
(1 cos 2 )(1 cos 2 )

cos 4
sin 4
+
1 cos 2 1 sin 2
cos 4 (1 sin 2 ) sin 4 (1 cos 2 )
(1 cos 2 )(1 sin 2 )

cos 4 sin 4 sin 2 cos 2 (cos 2 sin 2 )

=
1 (sin 2 cos 2 ) sin 2 cos 2

It is given that,
Number of grades in the least angle
=
Number of radians in the greatest angle

1 sin 2 cos 2
2 sin 2 cos 2

cos 4 sin 2
sin 4 cos 2
=
+
sin 2 (1 cos 2 ) cos 2 (1 sin 2 )

then, 90 = 100g

Also, (60 + d) = (60 d)

cos ec sin

sin 4 cos 2
(1 sin 2 )(1 sin 2 )

clearly, the least angle is (60 d) and the greatest

angle is (60 + d)

600 10d

cos 2
sin 2
2
2

4
4
sin cos
1 cos 1 sin

10

(60 d )

1
2

so, the angles are (60 d), 60 and (60 + d)

LHS =

Sol.

a = 60

d)

sin2 cos2 =

so, (a d) + a + (a + d) = 180

sec cos

Ex.7

(60

Ans.[B]

3a = 180

Prove that

(cos 2 sin 2 ) 2 2 sin 2 cos 2 sin 2 cos 2

2 sin 2 cos 2
=

Ex.9

1 sin 2 cos 2
= RHS
2 sin 2 cos 2
If sec = 13/5 (0 < <

),
2

19

2 3 cot

find the value of

Sol.

sec =

4 9 sec 1

Putting A = 15 we have, from equation (1),

tan 7

13
169
sec2 1 =
1
5
25

144
12
tan2 =
tan =
25
5

Sol.

5
( 24 15)5
12
=
12
12(20 108)
4 9.
5
2 3.

If cos x = tan y, cos y = tan z and cos z = tan x,

prove that sin x = sin y = sin z = 2 sin 18.
cos2x = tan2y = sec2y 1 = cot2z 1

Ex.12

1
( 6 2) 1
=
2
2 3

=( 6

2 1) (2 +

Sol.

cos 2 z
1 cos 2 z

If

3 +

or

tan( ) tan( )
tan( ) tan

tan tan
tan tan

or

then

1
(3 +
2

so, sin2x =
sin x =

sin( )
cos . cos
sin( )
cos . cos

) > 1,

1
(3
2

or

) < 1,

+ sin 2. sin () = 0

Similarly, sin y = 2 sin 18 and sin z = 2 sin 18.

Given tan 15 = 2

Sol.

We know that

3 , find tan 7

2
A
= 1 tan A 1
tan
2
tan A

sin( )
sin 2
=
sin 2( )
sin( )

or sin 2( ). sin ()

5 1
= 2 sin 18
2

Ex.11

2)(

or sin () {2cos() sin ()+sin 2}= 0

1
.
2

or sin () {sin 2sin 2 + sin 20

either sin () =0
or sin 2sin 2sin 2=0

...(1)

sin( )
cos( ). cos( )
=
sin( )
cos( ). cos( )

sin4x 3 sin2x + 1 = 0

1
94
=
(3
2
2

tan( )
tan
=
, show that
tan
tan( )

2 sin4x 6 sin2x + 2 = 0
3

2 2=(

By componendo and dividendo,

sin 2` x
sin 2` x
=
cos 2 x sin 2 x
1 2 sin 2 x

(2 sin2x) (1 2sin2x) = sin2x

sin2x =

3 )

sin () = 0 or sin 2 + sin 2 + sin 2 = 0.

tan 2 x
1 tan 2 x

2 sin2 x =

Hence, tan 7

=
1)

1 + cos2x = cot2 z =

1
is positive, so that we must take
2
the upper sign.

45
15
=
=
12.88
352
Ans.
Ex.10

8 4 3 1

Now tan 7

Now, the given expression is equal to

2 3 cot
=
4 9 tan

1
1 (2 3 ) 2 1
=
2
2 3

Ex.13

Prove that

19

cos 3 cos 3
= (cos + cos) cos ( + )
2 cos( ) 1

sin ( + ) (sin + sin )

Sol.

sin( 2 )
sin ( )

3 3
3 3
2 cos
cos

2
2

LHS =

2 2 cos 2
1 1
2

3 3
2 cos

4 cos

3 cos

2
2

3
2

4 cos

xy
sin2 () = sin (2).sin ()
xy

1
[cos 2() cos 2()]
2

Similarly,

sin( )
=
sin ( )

....(1)

yz
sin2 ()
yz

1
[cos 2() cos 2()]
2

....(2)

zx
sin2()
zx

3 3

cos

= 2 cos
2
2

cos
cos ()
RHS = 2 cos
2
2

1
[cos 2() cos 2()]
2

....(3)

Adding (1), (2) and (3); LHS = 0 = RHS.

cos
sin )
2
2

2sin

[ cos
cos ()
2
2

= 2 cos

Ex.15

Prove that 4 sin 27 = (5 + 5 )1/2 (3

sin )]
sin
2

Sol.

sin54 = cos36 =
cos

3 3
cos
= LHS
= 2 cos
2
2

Ex.14

If

x
y
z
=
=
tan( )
tan( )
tan( )

show that
Sol.

10 2

Here

xy

xy

sin2 () = 0.

5 1
4

1 2 sin2 27 =

1
4

2 sin2 27 = 1

1
4

By componendo and dividendo,

[(5 +

10 2

10 2
10 2

)1/2 (3

4 sin 27 = (5 +

tan( ) tan( )
xy
=
xy
tan( ) tan( )

5 1
4

1
4

16 sin2 27 = 8 2

tan( )
x
=
.
y
tan( )

sin( ) sin( )

cos( ) cos( )
=
sin ( ) sin ( )

cos ( ) cos ( )

54

5 )1/2

5
5

5 )1/2]2

)1/2 (2 5 )1/2

[sin27 is positive]
Ex.16

If a and b are positive quantities, a being the

greater, find the minimum value of
a sec b tan .

Sol.

Let a sec b tan = x ,

so a2 sec2 = (x + b tan )2

19

 a2 (1 + tan2) = x2 + 2bx tan + b2 tan2

Similarly, cos () =

tan2 (a2 b2) 2bx tan + a2 x2 = 0

This equation, being quadratic in tan , will have

Again, squaring (1) and (2) , and subtracting, then

real roots if the discriminate D 0

cos2 sin2 + cos2 sin2 + 2 cos ()

4b2x2 4 (a2 b2) (a2 x2) 0

Sol.

= cos2 sin2

0 > a2 (a2 x2 b2)

or cos 2 + cos 2 + 2cos () = cos 2

x > a b

or 2cos().cos() + 2cos) = cos 2

Thus the minimum value of x is a 2 b 2 ,

or cos () + 2 cos () = cos 2

so, a >b

Ex.17

1
1
& cos () =
2
2

Prove that 2sinx + 2cosx

Clearly, 2
AM GM

sinx

sin x

2sin

and 2

2
2

cosx

1
2

1
cos( )
2

for all real x.

or cos () = cos 2, etc.

are positive; so their

Now , (cos + cos + cos )2

(sin + sin + sin )2 = 0

cos x

2sin

. 2 cos

or cos 2 + cos 2 + cos 2

+ 2[cos () + cos () + cos ()] = 0

x cos x

or cos 2 + cos 2 + cos 2

....(1)

2 sin x

Now, sin x + cos x =

sin x

1
2

+ 2 [cos 2cos 2cos 2] = 0

{cos (cos 2etc.}

cos x

cos 2 + cos 2 + cos 2 = 0

minimum value of sin x + cos x =

or 2cos2 1 + 2cos2 1 + 2cos2 1 = 0

2

or 2 (cos2cos2cos2 ) 3 = 0

from (1),

cos2 cos2 + cos2 = 3/2

2sin x + 2cos x 2 .
2

2.

2 sin

x cos x

1 sin2 + 1 sin2 + 1 sin2 = 3/2

or sin2 + sin2 + sin2

2
2 2

Ex.19

Given that the angles ,, are connected by the

relation 2 tan2 tan2 tan2 + tan2 tan2 + tan2

Ex.18

If cos cos + cos = 0 = sin + sin + sin ,

tan2 + tan2 tan2 = 1, find the value of sin 2 +

show that

sin2 + sin2.

sin2 + sin2 + sin2 = cos2cos2 + cos2 =

Sol.

3
2

Sol.

Suppose tan = x, tan = y, tan = z

Now given relation becomes

Here cos + cos = cos

(1)

2x2y2z2 + x2y2 + y2z2 + z2x2 = 1

sin + sin = sin

.... (2)

Again sin2 + sin2 + sin2

Squaring these and adding,

1
1
1

2
cos ec 2
cos ec 2 cos ec

1
1
1

2
2
1 cot
1 cot 2
1 cot

2 + 2 cos () = 1
or cos () = 1/2

....(1)

19

tan 2
tan 2
tan 2

P,
2
1 tan 2
1 tan 2 1 tan

= 2 cos 2

Now putting various values in terms of x,y,z;

x2
y2
z2

P=
,
2
2
1 x
1 y
1 z2

......

cos cos
...to n terms
2
2

(Using formula)

n
4 . cos (n + 1).
2

4
sin
4
sin

Ex.22

putting value from (1)

If 4 cos (y z) cos (z x) cos (x y) = 1,

prove that
1 + 12 cos 2(y z). cos 2(z x). cos 2(x y)
= 4 cos 3(y z) cos 3(z x) cos 3(x y).

2 (x 2 y 2 z 2 ) x 2 y 2 z 2
=1
2 (x 2 y 2 z 2 ) x 2 y 2 z 2

Sol.

Let y z = A, z x = B, x y = C
then A + B + C = 0

sin2 + sin2 + sin2 = 1

the given relation is

Ex.20

If sin (y + z x), sin (z + x y), sin (x + y z) be

in A.P., prove that tan x, tan y, tan z are also in A.P.

4 cos A cos B cos C = 1 where A + B + C = 0

Sol.

Here sin (y + z x), sin (z + x y),

2 cos A. {cos (B C) + cos (B + C)} = 1

sin (x + y z) are in A.P.

2 cos A. cos (B C) + 2 cos2A 1 = 0

so sin (z + x y) sin (y + z x)

2 cos (B + C). cos (B C) + 2cos2A 1 = 0

= sin (x + y z) sin (z + x y)
2 cos z sin (x y) = 2 cos x sin (y z)
cos z (sin x cos y cos x sin y)
Dividing both side by cos x cos y cos z
then,tan x tan y = tan y tan z

1 cos 2

1 cos 3

+ ... .... to n terms, where n , .
2 2

Series

= 2 cos 3A {cos 3(B C) + cos 3(B + C)}

= 2 cos 3A {cos 3(B C) + cos 3A}

= 2 (cos2 3A + cos2 3B + cos2 3C) 2

Sol.

RHS = 4cos 3(y z). cos 3(z x). cos 3(x y)

= 2 (cos2 3B sin2 3C) + 2 cos2 3A

Sum of the series

1 cos

....(1)

= 2 cos 3(B + C). cos 3(B C) + 2 cos2 3A

tan x, tan y, tan z are also in A.P.

Ex.21

cos 2B + cos 2C + cos 2A = 0

= 4 cos 3A. cos 3B. cos 3C

= cos x (sin y cos z cos y sin z)

3
2

n
4 .cos n 1 .
= 2
2

2 2

sin
4

[( x 2 y 2 z 2 ) 2( x 2 y 2 y 2 z 2 z 2 x 2 ) 3x 2 y 2 z 2 ]
[1 ( x 2 y 2 z 2 ) ( x 2 y 2 y 2 z 2 z 2 x 2 ) x 2 y 2 z 2 ]

2 cos 2

sin

[ x 2 (1 y 2 z 2 y 2 z 2 ) y 2 (1 x 2 z 2 x 2 z 2 )
2
2
2
2 2
= z (1 x y x y )]
[1 x 2 y 2 z 2 (x 2 y 2 y 2 z 2 z 2 x 2 ) x 2 y 2 z 2 ]

( x 2 y 2 z 2 ) 2(1 2 x 2 y 2 z 2 ) 3x 2 y 2 z 2 )
1 ( x 2 y 2 z 2 ) (1 2 x 2 y 2 z 2 ) x 2 y 2 z 2

2 cos 2

cos

[ x 2 (1 y 2 )(1 z 2 ) y 2 (1 x 2 )(1 z 2 )
2
2
2
= z (1 x )(1 y )]
(1 x 2 )(1 y 2 )(1 z 2 )

+
.... to n terms

say

= 1 + cos 6A + cos 6B + cos 6C

= 1 + 4 (cos3 2A + cos3 2B + cos3 2C)
3 (cos 2A + cos 2B + cos 2C)
= 1 + 4 (cos3 2A + cos3 2B + cos3 2C),

19

because cos 2A + cos 2B + cos 2C = 0 from (1)

3

= 1 + 4 {cos 2A + cos 2B + cos 2C 3 cos 2A cos

2B cos 2C} + 12 cos 2A cos 2B cos 2C

cos
cos r. cos ( r 1)

= cot .

sin
cos r. cos (r 1)

cos 2B cos 2C cos 2C cos 2A}

= cot .

sin{( r 1) r}
cos r. cos ( r 1)

+ 12 cos 2A cos 2B cos 2C

{ a3 + b3 + c3 3abc = (a + b + c) (a 2 + b2 + c2
bc ca ab)}

sin( r 1). cos r cos(r 1). sin r

cos r. cos ( r 1)

= 1 + 4 {(cos 2A + cos 2B + cos 2C)

(cos2 2A + cos2 2B + cos2 2C cos 2A cos 2B

= 1 + 12 cos 2A cos 2B cos 2C

cot

= cot . tan (r + 1) tan r

= 1 + 12 cos 2(y z). cos 2(z x). cos 2(x y)

= LHS

tan r. tan (r + 1) +

r 1

r 1

Ex.23

= cot

Prove that

tan r. tan(r +1) = cot . tan(n +1) n 1

or

r 1

Sol.

{tan (r + 1) tan r}

r 1

tan r. tan (r + 1) + n.
r 1

tan r. tan (r + 1) + 1

= cot [(tan 2 tan ) + (tan 3 tan 2) + (tan

sin r. sin( r 1) cos r. cos(r 1)

cos r. cos (r 1)

4tan 3) + .....+ {tan (n + 1)tan n}]

cos{(r 1) r}
cos r. cos ( r 1)

= n + cot . tan (n + 1) cot tan

LHS = n + cot {tan (n + 1) tan }

=cot . tan (n + 1) n 1 = RHS

EXERCISE # 1
Q.2
Q.1

The angles of a triangle are in A.P. and the number

of degrees in the least is to the number of radians

The angle subtended at the centre of the circle

of diameter 50 cm by an arc of 11 cm, is
(in degree)

in the greatest as 60 to ; then the angles in

(A) 24, 60, 96

(B) 30, 60, 90

(A) 22 10'

(B) 23 10'

(C) 45, 60, 75

(D) None of these

(C) 20 12'

(D) 25 12'

degree, are

19

Q.3

Q.4

If a cos b sin = c, then a sin + b cos =

(A)

a 2 b2 c2

(B)

(C)

a 2 b2 c2

(D) None of these

a 2 b2 c2

(A) tan 3/ tan

(B) cot 3/ cot

(C) tan 3 tan

(D) cot 3 cot

If sin x + sin x = 1, then

(A) 0

(B) 1

If tan A = 1/3 and tan B = 1/7 then the value of

2A + B is -

(C) 2

(D) 1

(A) 30

(B) 60

(C) 45

(D) 145

If sin =

and

Q.9

< < . Then the value of

2

Q.10

(A) 0

(B) 1
1

(C)

(D)

cos 20 cos 100 + cos 100 cos 140

cos 140 cos 200 =

sin cos
is
tan

Q.6

tan 2 2 tan 2
=
1 tan 2 2 tan 2

cos8 x + 2 cos6 x + cos4 x = ....

Q.5

Q.8

Q.11

(A) 0

(B) 3/4

(C) 3/4

(D) 4/3

5

sin

12

12

2 sin
(A)

The expression
3

+ sin4
2

3 [sin4

(3 +)]

(C)

1
2

1
4

=
(B)

1
2

(D)

1
6

+ sin6 (5 )] is equal to2

2 [sin6

Q.7

(A) 0

(B) 1

(C) 3

(D) sin 4 + cos 6

If

15

3
< < , < <
; sin =
and
2
2
17

tan =
(A)
(C)

12
, the value of sin ( ) is 5

21
221
171
221

(B)
(D)

171
221

21
221

Q.12

Q.13

cos l2 sin 12 sin 147

=
cos12 sin 12 cos147
(A) 1

(B) 1

(C) 0

(D) None

If m sin = n sin ( + 2),

then tan ( + ) cot =
(A)

1 n
1 n

(C)

mn
mn

(B)

mn
mn
(D) None

19

Q.14

cos A cos B

sin A sin B

sin A sin B
cos A cos B

(C) 8 tan A tan B tan C

2
2
2

when n is odd, is-

A B

(A) 2 cotn

A B

(C) 2 tan
2

Q.15

(D) 8 cot A cot B cot C

2
2
2

(B) zero
Q.19
(D) None

Maximum value of
(5 sin x 12 cos x) (5 cos x + 12 sin x) is
(A)

169
2

(C)

196
2

(B)
(D) 1

2 sin2 + 4 cos ( + ) sin sin + cos 2( + )

is equal to

Q.20

(A) sin 2

(B) cos 2

(C) cos 2

(D) sin 2

The least value of

[cos2 6 sin . cos + 3 sin2 + 2] is(A) 4 +

(B) 4

10

(C) 0
Q.16

Q.17

10

(D) 4

=
2

If tan = cos.tan, then tan2

(A)

sin( )
sin( )

(B)

cos( )
cos( )

(C)

sin( )
sin( )

(D)

cos( )
cos( )

1 cos 4
2

sec 2 1

1 cos 4
cos ec 2 2 1

(A) 0

(B) 2

(C) 1

(D) 4

Q.21

is equal to -

sin 2A sin 2B sin C

In a ABC,
=
sin A sin B sin C
(A) 8 sin A sin B sin C
2
2
2
(B) 8 cos A cos B cos C
2
2
2

96 3 sin

. cos
.cos
.cos
.cos
48
48
24
12

has the value

6

Q.22

Q.18

169
4

Q.23

(A) 8

(B) 9

(C) 10

(D) None

The value of tan 6 tan 42 tan 66 tan 78 is(A) 1

(B) 1/2

(C) 1/4

(D) 1/8

The value of sin

3
+ sin
+ sin
+.....to
n
n
n

n terms is equal to
(A) 1
(C)

n
2

(B) 0
(D) none

19

Q.26

If and are the solutions of

a cos + b sin = c, then
(i) sin + sin = ............
(ii) sin sin = .......
(iii) cos + cos = .......

Q.24

then cos sec (/2) =

Q.25

(iv) cos cos = ........

If sec ( ), sec and sec ( + ) are in A.P.,

(v) In a triangle ABC, C = 90 then the equation

2 .

whose roots are tan A and tan B is ......

If sin = sin, then we always have sin 2 = sin 2

EXERCISE # 2
Q.5

Q.1

Q.2

Maximum value of
cos3 x + cos3 (120 x) + cos3 (120 + x) is
1
3
(A) 1
(B)
(C)
(D) 3/8
2
4

+
16

cos2

16
is equal to (A) 0
(B) 1
Q.3

If sin A =

Q.4

r 1

cos
n
2

n
2
n
(C)
1
2
(A)

5
+
16

cos2

(C) 2

k 1
sin
k 1

(C)
cos2

Q.6

(D) 3

336
, where 450 < A < 540, then
625

A
sin
is 4
(A) 3/5
(C) 4/5
n 1

3
+
16

cos2

If an angle is divided into two parts A and B

such that A B = x and tan A : tan B = k : 1,
then the value of sin x is k 1
k
sin
sin
(A)
(B)
k 1
k 1

If , ,, are the smallest positive angles in

ascending order of magnitude which have their
sines equal to the positive quantity k, then the
value of




+ 3 sin
+ 2 sin + sin
4 sin
2
2
2
2
is equal to(A) 2 1 k
(B) 2 1 k
(C)

(B) 3/5
(D) 4/5
is equal to (B)

n 1
2

(D) None of these

Q.7

(D) None of these

1 k
2

If tan

(D) None of these

and tan

are the roots of the

equation 8x2 26x + 15 = 0 then cos ( + ) is

equal to627
627
(A)
(B)
725
725
725
(C)
(D) 1
627

19

Q.8

Q.9

cot 5 tan 5 2 tan 10 4 tan 20 8 cot 40 is

equal to (A) 0
(B) 8 tan 40
(C) 8 tan 80
(D) None of these

Q.14

If 0 < < 180 then

Q.15

2 .............

2(1 cos )

Q.11

The sign of the product sin 2 sin 3 sin 5 is (A) Negative

(B) Positive
(C) 0
(D) None of these
cos 20 8 sin 70 sin 50 sin 10
sin 2 80
to (A) 1
3
(C)
4

Q.12

value of

Q.16

2
cos( )
cos / 6
sin

Q.18

Q.13

In a triangle ABC, angle A is greater than angle B.

If the measures of angles A and B satisfy the
equation 3 sin x 4 sin3 x k = 0, 0 < k < 1, then
the measure of angle C is(A)

(C)

2
3

(B)

2
(D)

5
6

1
4

The

minimum

and

(1 a 2 )

(B)

1
4

(D)

1
8

maximum

value

of

cos x + c (| a | < 1, b > 0)

(B) {b + c, b c}
(D) None of these

sin 7 x 6 sin 5x 17 sin 3x 12 sin x

=
sin 6 x 5 sin 4 x 12 sin 2 x
(A) cos x
(B) 2 cos x
(C) sin x
(D) 2 sin x
If product of sin 1 sin 3 sin 5. sin 89 =

1
2n

then n equals

89
2
(D) None

(A) 44

is (A) Independent of for all in (0, )

5
for tan < 0
13
3 (7 24 cot )
(C)
for tan > 0
15
(D) None of these

The value of the expression

2

10

3
cos
cos
cos
sin
sin
sin
7
7
14
14
7

respectively are
(A) {b c, b + c}
(C) {c b, b + c}

3 sin( )

(B)

(D) 3/4 A 1

ab sin x + b

Q.17

4
and 0 < < then the
5

(C) 3/4 A 13/16

(C)

(D) None of these

It is known that sin =

(B) 13/16 A 1

(A) 0

is equal

(B) 2

(A) 1 A 2

5
is
14

there being n number of 2s , is equal to

(A) 2 cos n
(B) 2 cos n 1
2
2

(C) 2 cos n 1
(D) None of these
2
Q.10

If A = cos2 + sin4 , then for all values of

(B)

(C) 45
Q.19

then
If x ,
2

x
+
4 2

4 cos2
(A) 2
(C) 3
Q.20

4 sin 4 x sin 2 2 x equals -

(B) 2
(D) 3

+ cosec
+ cosec
equals 4
8
16

(A) cot
(B) cot
8
16

(C) cot
(D) None
32
1 + cosec

19

Q.21

Q.22

27 tan4
+ 33 tan2
equals 18
18
18
(A) 0
(B) 1
(C) 2
(D) 3
3 tan6

If 7 cos x 24 sin x = cos (x + ), 0 < <

cos 2 + cos + k = 0 admits of a solution for is

9

(A) 0,
8

(B) [0, )

(C) [2, 0]

(D) none of these

Q.29

If sin3 x sin 3x =

cos m x , where

If sin(x + 20) = 2 sin x cos 40 where

x 0, , then which of the following is true

2

(A) tan 4x = 3
x
(C) sec
= 6
2
+ 3

(B) cosec 4x = 2
x
(D) cot
=2
2

1
2
The following questions 30 to 31 consists of two
statements each, printed as Assertion and
Reason. While answering these questions you
are to choose any one of the following four
responses.
(A) If both Assertion and Reason are true
and the Reason is correct explanation of
the Assertion.
(B) If both Assertion and Reason are true but
Reason is not correct explanation of
the
Assertion.
(C) If Assertion is true but the Reason is
false.
(D) If Assertion is false but Reason is true

(C) sin2 A + sin2 B + sin2 C = 3/2

(D) cos2 A + cos2 B + cos2 C = 3/2
If tan and tan are the roots of the equation
x2 + px + q = 0 (p 0), then
(A) sin2 ( + ) + p sin ( + ) cos ( + )
+ q cos2 ( + ) = q
(B) tan ( + ) = p/q 1
(C) cos ( + ) = 1 q
(D) sin ( + ) = p
Q.26

A
=
2

m 0

(B) sin 2A + sin 2B + sin 2C = 0

Q.25

2
5

C0, C1, C2, .....C6 are constant, then

(A) C0 + C2 + C4 + C6 = 0
(B) C1 + C3 + C5 = 0
(C) 2C2 3C6 = 0
(D) C4 + 2C6 = 0

If sin A + sin B + sin C = cos A + cos B + cos C = 0,

then
(A) cos (A B) =

A
=
2

(D) sin

Q.28

The set of values of k R such that the equation

(B) cos

7
, then
25

2
10

(B) = sin1

(C) = 25

Q.24

336
625
A
1
(C) tan
=
7
2

24
25
7
(D) = cos1
25

(A) = 25

If A lies between 270 & 360 and sin A =

(A) sin 2A =

,
2

be true for all x R then

Q.23

Q.27

If 3 sin = sin (2 + ) then

(A) [cot + cot ( + )]
[cot 3 cot (2 + )] = 6
(B) sin = cos ( + ) sin
(C) 2 sin = sin ( + ) cos
(D) tan ( + ) = 2 tan

Q.30

Assertion (A) : sec2 =

4 xy
( x y) 2

is true if and

only if x = y and x 0.
Reason (R) : Because sec decreases in IIIrd and
IVth quadrant.

19

Q.31

Q.32

Q.34

In a ABC,
Column 1

Column 2

(A) tan A

(P) 12 sin

B
C
(B) tan
tan
2
2
A
(C) cot
2
A
(D) sin2
2
Q.33

(B) sin (45 + )

(Q) 1
cos (45 )
cos 11 sin 11
(C)
cos 11 sin 11
(D) sin2 75 sin2 15
(S) 0

Assertion (A): If A, B, C are the angles of a

triangle such that angle A is obtuse then
tan B tan C > 1.
Reason (R) : In any triangle,
tan B tan C
tan A =
.
tan B tan C 1

If and are the solution of the equation

a tan + b sec = c, then tan ( + ) = ..........

A
2

1
+
cos 290

Q.35

(Q) tan A
(R) cot

(R)3/2

1
3 sin 250

=.............

A
2

(S) 1

The value of
Column 1

Column 2

(A) cot (/4 + ).

cot (/4 )

(P) tan 56

EXERCISE # 3
cos 3 2 cos 5 cos 7
= cos2 sin2
cos 2 cos cos 5
Q.1

If

tan3

by
ax
+
= (a2 b2), and
sin
cos

ax sin

Q.5

by cos

9
4

cos . cot 4 sec

2
2
tan 2

= 0, show that
cos 2
sin 2
(ax)2/3+ (by)2/3 = (a2 b2)2/3

Q.2

1 2 cos 2
Prove that

2 tan sin 2
4

2
tan

= cosec 4.

= 1.
Q.6

Q.3

Prove that
sin ( A B)
sin ( B C)
sin (C A)
+
+
cos A cos B
cos B cos C cos C cos A

Prove that

If cos =

a
b
c
, cos =
and cos =
,
ab
bc
ac

where , , lies between 0 and then prove that

+ tan2
+ tan2
= 1.
2
2
2

tan2

=0
Q.4

Prove that

Q.7

Prove that the identity,

19

4 + sin (3 8) sin(4 12)

2

cos

Q.17

(b) 2

= 4 cos 2. cos 4 . sin 6.

Q.8

cos 4 tan 2 sin 4

Prove that
= tan2 2
cos 4 cot 2 sin 4

Q.9

Prove that

cot tan
2 sin cos (90 3 ) sin 5

Passage # 1 (Q. 18 to 20)

In a ABC, if cos A cos B cos C =

Prove that
sin A sin B sin C =

(3 cos 2 2) cos 2
(cos sin ) =
4
6

Q.11

Q.13

Prove that tan

Q.14

If tan =

=
2

tan tan
, show that
1 tan . tan

If

(C)

3 1
6

(B)

34
3 1

(D)

3 1
2

3 1

Q.19

The value of
tan A tan B + tan B tan C + tan C tan A is(A) 5 4 3
(B) 5 + 4 3
(C) 6 + 3

Q.20

(D) 6

The value of tan A, tan B and tan C are(A) 1, 3 , 2

(B) 1, 3 , 2
(C) 1, 2,

(D) 1,

3 ,2+

Passage # 2 (Q. 21 to 23)

Consider the cubic equation
x3 (1 + cos + sin)x2 + (cossin + cos + sin)x

sin
n
=
(|m| > |n|) then prove that
sin (2 )
m

sin cos = 0 where x1, x2, x3 are roots.

On the basis of above passage, answer the
following questions :

tan
1 tan tan
tan =
mn
mn

Prove that cot 16. cot 44 + cot 44 . cot 76

cot 76 . cot 16 = 3

Q.16

3 3
, then
8

The value of tan A + tan B + tan C is(A)

u
1 e
tan
2
1 e

sin 2 sin 2
sin 2 =
1 sin 2. sin 2

Q.15

Q.18

Two parallel chords of a circle, which are on the

same side of the centre, subtend angles of 72 and
144 respectively at the centre. Prove that the
perpendicular distance between the chords is half
the radius of the circle.
cos u e
If cos =
.
1 e cos u

3 1
and
8

On the basis of above passage, answer the

following questions :

Prove the identity, sin 2 (1 + tan 2. tan) +

1 sin


= tan 2 + tan2
1 sin
4 2
Q.12

2 sin 10

sec 5 cos 40

2 sin 35

2
sin 5

= cosec cosec 4
Q.10

Calculate without using trigonometric tables

(a) [2 cos 40 cos 20]/sin20

Q.21

The value of x12 x 22 x 32 is

(A) 1

(B) 2cos

(C) 2sin

(D) 2

19

Q.22

Number of values of in [0, 2] for which at least

two roots are equal
(A) 3
(B) 4
(C) 5
(D) 6

Q.23

Greatest possible difference between two of roots

if [0, 2] is
(A) 2

(B) 1

(C)

(D) 2

(C)
Q.25

5 1
2

(D)

A vertical line is drawn through intersection of A3

and A6 intersecting A2 and A5 at R and S
respectively. Then length of RS is(A) 1

(B)

5 1
2

(D)

5 1
2

Passage # 3 (Q. 24 to 26)

(C)

The graph of all 6 trigonometric functions are

drawn from 0, . Let the graph y = sinx be

2

A1; y = cos x be A2; y = tan x be A3; y = cot x be

A4; y = sec x be A5 and y = cosec x be A6
On the basis of above passage, answer the
following questions:
Q.24

Q.26

A horizontal line is drawn through intersection A5

and A6 to intersect A3 and A4 at C and D
respectively. Then length of CD is(A) tan12
(B) tan1 2 2
(C) cot1 2 2

(D) cot12

A vertical line is drawn through intersection of A2

and A3 intersecting A1 and A6 at P and Q
respectively. The length of PQ is(A) 1

(B)

5 1
2

EXERCISE # 4
Q.1

Q.4

In any ABC, prove that

(cos n), under the restrictions 0 1.2 .... ...n

A
B
C
+ cot
+ cot

cot
2
2

A
B
C
cot
cot

2
2
2
2000]
= cot

Q.2

The maximum value of (cos 1).cos(2) ..........

(C) 0 for all real

(A)

Let f() = sin (sin + sin 3) . Then f()

[IIT Scr.2000]
(B) 0 for all real

Q.5

If + =

(A) 2(tan + tan )

(B) tan + tan

(C) tan + 2 tan

(D) 2 tan + tan

1).(cot

2).(cot

3)......

[IIT Scr. 2001]

1
2n

(B)

(D) 1

If and are acute angles such that

sin =

and + = , then tan equals2

[IIT Scr. 2001]

n/2

1
2n

(C)

(D) 0 only when 0

Q.3

(cot

...(cot n) = 1 is

[IIT

(A) 0 only when 0

and

1
1
and cos = then + lies in2
3
[IIT Scr. 2004]

,
3 2

(B)

2 5
,
6
3

(D)

(A)
(C)

2
,
3
2

,
6

19

Q.6

cos () =

1
, cos () =1 find no. of
e

Q.8

, the solution (s) of

2

For 0 < <

ordered pair of (, ),
[IIT Scr. 2005]

Q.7

(A) 0

(B) 1

(C) 2

(D) 4

If

(B)

(m 1)
m

cos ec
4 2
4
4

is (are) :
[IIT -2009]

2
3

1
sin 8 x
cos 8 x
+
=
125
8
27

Q.9

[IIT -2009]

(A)

(B)

(C)

12

(D)

5
12

The maximum value of the expression

1
2

sin 3 sin cos 5 cos 2

-2010]

1
(C) tan x =
3
2

(D)

cos ec
m 1

sin 4 x cos 4 x 1
+
=
then
5
2
3

(A) tan2 x =

[IIT

is

2
sin 8 x
cos 8 x
+
=
125
8
27

EXERCISE # 5
Q.1

Prove that
tan + 2 tan 2 + 4 tan 4 + 8 cot 8 = cot
[IIT 1988]

Q.2

Q.6

y
x
= tan3
. Prove that
4
2

4 2

If tan

3 sin 2 x
.
2
1 3 sin x

sin y = sin x

Find the value of

sin

3
5
7
9
11

sin
sin
sin
sin
sin
14
14
14
14
14
14

sin

13
.
14

Q.7

If A + B + C = 2S, then prove that,

sin (S A) + sin (S B) + sin (S C)

A
B
C
sin
sin
.
2
2
2

sin S = 4 sin
[IIT 1991]

Q.3

Q.4

Let A, B, C be three angles such that A = /4 and

tan B tan C = p. Find all possible values of p such
that A, B, C are the angles of a triangle.
[IIT 1997]
Prove that a triangle ABC is equilateral if and only

Q.8

Prove that cos + cos + cos + cos

cos
cos
= 0.
2
2
2

+ 4 cos

Q.5

=
16

Q.9

Show that tan

Q.10

If A + B + C = 2 , prove that

if tan A + tan B + tan C = 3 3 .[IIT 1998]

m2 1
If cos =
& tan3
= tan
2
3

If = 2.

42 2

Prove that cos2/3 + sin2/3 =

2/3

19

2 + 1).

sin3A + sin3B + sin3C = 3sin

C
3A
3B

sin
. sin

2
2
2

sin

sin

Q.14

3C
.
2

Prove that

tan 2 n
= ( 1 + sec2). (1 + sec22)
tan

(1 + sec23) .. (1 + sec2n).

sin

Q.11

Prove that (4 cos2 9 3)(4 cos2 27 3) = tan 9.

Q.12

In ABC, prove that cos A + cos B + cos C

Q.13

If A , B & C are angles of a triangle then prove

Q.15

Show that

sin x
sin 3x
1
[tan27x tanx] =
+
+
2
cos 3x cos 9 x

3
.
2

sin 9 x
.
cos 27 x

A
B
C
+ tan2
+ tan2
1.
2
2
2

that tan2

ANSWER KEY
EXERCISE # 1

24. True
26. (i)

25. False
2bc

a 2 b2

(ii)

c2 a 2
a 2 b2

(iii)

2ac
a 2 b2

(iv)

c2 b2
a 2 b2

(v) sin2A x2 2x

+ sin2A = 0

EXERCISE # 2
PART-A

PART-B

PART-C

19

PART-D
32. A Q, B S, C R, D P

33.AQ, BS, C P, D R

PART-E
2ac

34. a 2 c 2

35.

4
3

EXERCISE # 3
17. (a)

22. (C)

(b) 4

18. (A)

19.(B)

20. (D)

23.

(A)

24.

21. (D)
(A) 25. (A)

26. (C)

EXERCISE # 4

9. 2

EXERCISE # 5
2.

1
64

3. ( , 0) [(

+ 1)2 , )

19