Contents

Abstract
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Introduction
Definition
Types of violence
Examples of violence in 21th century
Causes of violence
Elimination of violence

Conclusion
Reference

Abstract

Violence is aggressive behaviour that may be physically, sexually or emotionally abusive. The
aggressive behaviour is conducted by an individual or group against another, or others.
Physically abusive behaviour, is where a child, adolescent or group directly or indirectly ill
treats, injures, or kills another or others. There are various types of violence and they occur in a
wide array of context. We see different examples of violence over the world. Raising awareness
of the fact that violence can be prevented. Violence is an extremely sensitive issue. Many people
have difficulty confronting it in their professional lives because it raises uncomfortable questions
about their personal lives.

Violence
Introduction:
Violence means the intentional use of physical force or power, threatened or actual, against
oneself, another person, or against a group or community that either results in or has a high
likelihood of resulting in injury, death, and psychological harm. Violence and abuse may occur
only once, can involve various tactics of subtle manipulation or may occur frequently while
escalating over a period of months or years. In any form, violence and abuse profoundly affect
individual health and well-being. Violence and abuse are used to establish and maintain power
and control over another person, and often reflect an imbalance of power between the victim and
the abuser.

Definition:
Different philosophers defined violence in different ways:
According to Baron:
Any form of behaviour directed toward the goal of harming or injuring another living
being who is motivated to avoid such treatment.
According to Olweus:
Violence/violent behaviour as aggressive behaviour where the actor or perpetrator uses his
or her own body as an object (including a weapon) to inflict (relatively serious) injury or
discomfort upon an individual.
The Concise Oxford Dictionary defines:
Violence as unlawful exercise of physical force.

Types of violence:
There are six distinct forms of violence:

1. Physical violence;
2. Sexual violence;
3. Emotional violence;
4. Psychological violence;
5. Spiritual violence;
6. Cultural violence;

1. Physical Violence
Physical violence occurs when someone uses a part of their body or an object to control a
persons actions.
Physical violence includes, but is not limited to:

Using physical force which results in pain, discomfort or injury;

Hitting, pinching, hair-pulling, arm-twisting, strangling, burning, stabbing, punching,

pushing, slapping, beating, shoving, kicking, choking, biting, force-feeding, or any other
rough treatment;

Assault with a weapon or other object;

Threats with a weapon or object;

Deliberate exposure to severe weather or inappropriate room temperatures; and,

Murder.

2. Sexual Violence
Sexual violence occurs when a person is forced to unwillingly take part in sexual activity.
Sexual violence includes, but is not limited to:

Forced sexual intercourse;

Forcing a person to perform sexual acts that may be degrading or painful;

Beating sexual parts of the body;

Forcing a person to view pornographic material; forcing participation in pornographic

filming;

Denial of a persons sexuality or privacy (watching);

Denial of sexual information and education;

Humiliating, criticizing or trying to control a persons sexuality;

Forced prostitution;

Purposefully exposing the person to HIV-AIDS or other sexually transmitted infections.

3. Emotional Violence
Emotional violence occurs when someone says or does something to make a person feel
stupid or worthless.
Emotional violence includes, but is not limited to:

Blaming all relationship problems on the person;

Name calling;

Using silent treatment;

Not allowing the person to have contact with family and friends;

Destroying possessions;

Jealousy;

Threatening to hurt oneself if the person does not cooperate;

Threatening to abandon the person; and,

4. Psychological Violence
Psychological violence occurs when someone uses threats and causes fear in a person to
gain control.
Psychological violence includes, but is not limited to:

Threatening to harm the person or her or his family if she or he leaves;

Threats of abandonment;

Stalking / criminal harassment;

Destruction of personal property;

Verbal aggression;

Socially isolating the person;

Inappropriately controlling the persons activities;

Treating a person like a child or a servant;

5. Spiritual Violence
Spiritual (or religious) violence occurs when someone uses a persons spiritual beliefs to
manipulate, dominate or control the person.
Spiritual violence includes, but is not limited to:

Not allowing the person to follow her or his preferred spiritual or religious tradition;

Forcing a spiritual or religious path or practice on another person;

Belittling or making fun of a persons spiritual or religious tradition, beliefs or practices;

and,

Using ones spiritual or religious position, rituals or practices to manipulate, dominate or

control a person.

6. Cultural Violence
Cultural violence occurs when a person is harmed as a result of practices that are part of
her or his culture, religion or tradition.
Cultural violence includes, but is not limited to:

Committing honor or other crimes against women in some parts of the world, where
women especially may be physically harmed, shunned, maimed or killed for:

Falling in love with the wrong person;

Seeking divorce;

Infidelity; committing adultery;

Being raped;

Being older.

Examples of violence in 21th century:

There are various examples of violence we experience in world:

Violence in Kashmir:
The 2016 unrest in Kashmir, also known as the Burhan aftermath, refers to a series of violent
protests in the Muslim-majority Kashmir Valley in the Indian-administered state of Jammu and
Kashmir. It started with the killing of Burhan Wani, a militant commander of the Kashmir-based
Hizbul Mujahideen, by Indian security forces on 8 July 2016. After his killing, anti-Indian
protests started in all 10 districts of the Kashmir Valley. Protesters defied curfew with attacks on
security forces and public properties.

Violence in Gaza Palestine:

The GazaIsrael violence is a part of the wider IsraeliPalestinian conflict. Palestinian militant
actions escalated in the Gaza Strip following the overwhelming election to government of the
Islamist political party Hamas in 2005 and 2006.The conflict escalated with the split of the
Palestinian Authority into the Fatah government in the West Bank and the Hamas government in
Gaza and the following violent ousting of Fatah after Fatah lost the election to Hamas.
Palestinian rocket attacks on Israel and the joint Egyptian-Israeli blockade of Gaza have
exacerbated the conflict. The international community considers indiscriminate attacks on
civilians and civilian structures that do not discriminate between civilians and military targets
illegal under international law.

Causes of violence:
The world most disturbing topic now days are violence. There are various causes of violence:

Drugs:
Of all psychoactive substances, alcohol is the only one whose consumption has been shown to
commonly increase aggression. After large doses of amphetamines, cocaine, LSD, and PCP,
certain individuals may experience violent outbursts, probably because of preexisting psychosis.

Media:
Media is one of the main sources of violence in our society. The movies of new era video games
and TV programs everything have different kind of violence. Many video games are full of
violence and children around seven years or older love to play those kinds of games.

Modeling within the family:

Children witness violent behavior in the home and believe that it is acceptable. Children get a
direct message from a violent parent, When someone hurts you, hit them.

Socialization:
Mens socialization through the overwhelming influence of the media, educational system,
religious institutions and heroes and heroines regarding gender roles and stereotypes contributes
to their use of violence.

Violence as positive reinforcement:

Choosing to use violence and getting your way without any negative consequences such as jail
time or relationship loss make it that much easier to be to be violence the next time.

Elimination of violence:

There are various ways in which we can eradicate the roots of violence from our society.

Avoiding Harsh Punishment:

Dont punish a child harshly. When we are violent, abusive, or insensitive to our children, we
lead by example. We teach them to be unsympathetic, out of control, and at the whim of their
anger. We must be attuned in how we discipline our children.

Teach every child to read:

Poor reading skills do not automatically lead to violent behavior, but data from various studies
indicate that below grade-level reading ability is significantly related to the development of
aggressive anti-social behavior.

Organize awareness and training sessions.

Take time to organize and provide access to awareness and training sessions on the prevention of
workplace violence.
Open the necessary lines of communication to achieve your prevention objectives.

Life skills in youth:

Evidence shows that the life skills acquired in social development programmes can reduce
involvement in violence, improve social skills, boost educational achievement and improve job
prospects. Life skills refer to social, emotional, and behavioural competencies which help
children and adolescents effectively deal with the challenges of everyday life.

Gender equality:
Evaluation studies are beginning to support community interventions that aim to prevent
violence against women by promoting gender equality. For instance, evidence suggests that
programmes that combine microfinance with gender equity training can reduce intimate partner
violence. School-based programmes such as Safe Dates programmed in the United States of

America. and the Youth Relationship Project in Canada. have been found to be effective for
reducing dating violence.

Life skills in youth:

Evidence shows that the life skills acquired in social development programmes can reduce
involvement in violence, improve social skills, boost educational achievement and improve job
prospects. Life skills refer to social, emotional, and behavioural competencies which help
children and adolescents effectively deal with the challenges of everyday life.

Conclusion:
Violence has existed in every society and in every civilization, at a normal rate which, in a sense,
fills the society with vitality and virility. But, today the increasing violence
has taken a pathological form. Strangely, man has today become his own
enemy by unleashing the animal in him. If the brute in man is not chained,
and if violence is not checked, many may a together eliminate him If
mankind has to survive, violence will have to be minimized. A spirit of
friendly co-existence will have to be made the norm of human behaviour.

References:
1. Moore, Dr. Mona O.(2013). Defining violence. Dublin: Department of
education, Trinity College.
2. Krug, G. Etienne.( 2002). World report on violence and health. Geneva:
World health organization.
3. Ray Larry.(2011). Violence and Society. London: SAGE publications

Ltd.