Documenti di Didattica
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a regulatory perspective
Er K Thanabal,
Director,
Building and Construction Authority
6 Aug 2014
scope
Eurocode
implementation in
Spore
Oct 2006
Circular issued on
EC implementation
2006
Eurocode is here
25 Mar 2013
Eurocode is here
Design based
on the
structural
Eurocodes
accepted
from 1 Apr
2013
onwards
Eurocode is here
Structural
Eurocodes
will be
mandatory
wef 1 Apr
2015
projects with ST01 submission from
1 Apr 2015 onwards will have to be
Eurocodes
1 Apr 2013
1 Apr 2015
2 yrs coexistence
period
SS/BS
SS/BS
EC
EC
Approved Document
Approved
Document
updated (ver
5.0 Apr 2013)
SS / BS
Eurocodes
Co-existence period
the same standard shall be used
through the building design
no mixing of
standards
title
SS EN 1990
SS EN 1991
Actions of structure
SS EN 1992
SS EN 1993
20
14
SS EN 1994
structures
SS EN 1995
SS EN 1996
SS EN 1997
Geotechnical design
SS EN 1998
40
34
resistance
SS EN 1999
title
SS EN 1990
SS EN 1991
Actions of structure
SS EN 1992
SS EN 1993
20
14
SS EN 1994
structures
SS EN 1995
SS EN 1996
SS EN 1997
Geotechnical design
SS EN 1998
40
34
resistance
SS EN 1999
title
SS EN 1990
SS EN 1991
Actions of structure
SS EN 1992
SS EN 1993
20
14
SS EN 1994
structures
SS EN 1995
SS EN 1996
SS EN 1997
Geotechnical design
SS EN 1998
40
34
resistance
SS EN 1999
title
SS EN 1990
SS EN 1991
Actions of structure
SS EN 1992
SS EN 1993
20
14
SS EN 1994
structures
SS EN 1995
SS EN 1996
SS EN 1997
Geotechnical design
SS EN 1998
40
34
resistance
SS EN 1999
links between
Eurocodes
Eurocodes
design
execution
product
Geotechnical
Composite
Seismic
Eurocode journey
2013
Circular issued on
EC implementation
2006
no resting on laurels
Development
of NAs
2007
2006
2013
Circular issued on
EC implementation
Product Standards/Accreditation
Product
Standards
structural steel
adoption of product
standardswork
based on EC Product
Conformity/CE
mark
started way back in
2007
FPC system
Apr 2013
Handbook with
explanatory notes
material re-usability
strut BC1:
/sheetpile
suppliers
to ensure
2012
version
proper
in-house
inspection
and
testing
include
quality
assurance
reqts
for
plans
in place
to ensure
traceability
and
re-used
struts
and sheetpiles
used
in
re-usability
of excavations;
steel sections
bracing of
material traceability
deformed
and corroded
deformed
struts and
walers
deformed
waler
large sheltered
fabrication
work shops
quality control
visibly
In place
spacious yards
with proper
demarcations
State-of-the-art equipment
in-house QA
scheme
already in place
room for
improvement
Product
Standards
structural concrete
Aug 2008
SS EN 12620 permits
aggregates from natural,
recycled and manufactured
sources
cement replacements
(GGBS, fly-ash, silica fume)
recycled concrete
aggregates from
demolition waste
sand replacements (washed
copper slag, quarry dust)
green cements
SS EN 206-1 has wider choice
of blended green cements
by-products from other industries (GGBS,
fly-ash)
material that otherwise end
up in landfills
CEM I (OPC)
Portland
cement
replacement,
%
CEM
Addition
05
Silica fume
6 10
Fly ash
6 20
IIA
21 35
IIB-V
Fly ash
IVB-V
36 55
IIB-S
21 35
IIIA
IIIB
GGBS
36 65
66 80
SS EN 206-1 Concrete
Specification, performance, production
and conformity
SS EN 206-1 Concrete
Specification, performance, production
and conformity
SS EN 206-1 Concrete
Specification, performance, production
and conformity
Sep 2010
SS EN 206-1 Concrete
Specification, performance, production
and conformity
based on characteristic
cylinder strength, fck (MPa)
cylinder
strength
cube
strength
BS : 60
C90/105
maximum
cube strength
Lateral Actions
Wind actions
Limitations in Wind
Codes
limitationsEN 1991-1-4:2009
ht 200m
subject to dynamic
response criteria
excludes:
cable supported bridges
torsional and higher modes of vibration
limitationsEN 1991-1-4:2009
wind tunnel
testing (WTT)
recommended !!!
subject to dynamic
response criteria
Jan 2014
Highrise or Slender
240m
240m
245m
Slender buildings
Building/structure with fundamental frequencies < 0.2Hz
T1 = 5.04s
T1 = 8.78s
1st mode
f < 0.2Hz or
T > 5s
Geometric
Imperfection
Effects & Notional
Load
Imperfections
Lateral Actions
Geometric imperfections (GI)
generally ranges from 0.25%~0.5% of (DL + LL)
considered in addition to Wind Loads
EC2
EC3
Lateral Actions
Load combinations @ ULS (Concrete)
NHL
GIE
=
=
1.5%(unfactored DL)
geometric imperfection effects
Lateral Actions
Load combinations @ ULS (Steel)
NHL
c NHL
GIE
=
=
=
Lateral
loads
ultimate wind load
1.5%(unfactored
DL)
applied
in all the
brief overview of
Eurocode 8
application in
Singapore
Eurocode 8
N
Seismic Action need not be considered in design
Seismic Action determined according to Clause 3 and Clause 4 using where appropriate, either
Lateral Force Analysis Method according to Clause 4.4 or
Modal Response Spectrum Analysis Method according to Clause 4.5.
height > 20 m
Building height, H > 20 metres?
Y
N
Seismic Action need not be considered in design
Seismic Action determined according to Clause 3 and Clause 4 using where appropriate, either
Lateral Force Analysis Method according to Clause 4.4 or
Modal Response Spectrum Analysis Method according to Clause 4.5.
N
Seismic Action need not be considered in design
Seismic Action determined according to Clause 3 and Clause 4 using where appropriate, either
Lateral Force Analysis Method according to Clause 4.4 or
N
Seismic Action need not be considered in design
Seismic Action determined according to Clause 3 and Clause 4 using where appropriate, either
Lateral Force Analysis Method according to Clause 4.4 or
BC3:
http://www.bca.gov.sg/StructuralPlan/others
/BC3-2013.pdf
worked example:
http://www.bca.gov.sg/StructuralPlan/others
/BC3-2013_cal.pdf
underscore
ongoing
initiatives
steel rebars
Table 3.1
(Note 1)
EN 1992-1-1
EC2 Table 2.1N
Reinforcement gS = 1.15
fyk = 500 N/mm2 BS4449 Table 4
EN 10080
Specifying
reinforcement
BS 4449
Specifying
Reinforcement
EN 1992
Design of concrete
structures
SPRING WG reviewing
Table 3.1
(600?)
(Note 1)
EN 1992-1-1
EC2 Table 2.1N
Reinforcement gS = 1.15
fyk = 500 N/mm2 BS4449 Table 4
EN 10080
Specifying
reinforcement
BS 4449
Specifying
Reinforcement
EN 1992
Design of concrete
structures
cast steel
components
failed connector
Feb 2010
Jul 2012
Provision in EC3
- cast steel product standards
BS EN 10293 (Steel Castings for General
Engineering Uses)
BS EN 10340 (Steel Castings for Structural
Uses)
BS EN 1559 - Founding Technical
conditions of delivery Part 2:
Additional requirements for steel
castings
Provision in EC3
- cast steel inspection specifications
BS EN 1369 (Founding - magnetic particle
testing)
BS EN 12680
examination)
(Founding
ultrasonic
extg
reqts
(vii) Steel Casting for General Engineering Uses BS EN
10239
(viii) Steel Casting for Structural Uses BS EN 10340
(ix) Founding Technical condition of delivery BS EN
1559:1 and 2
(x) Founding Utrasonic examination BS EN 12680:1 to 2
(xi) Founding Radiographic examination BS EN
12681:2003
(xii) Founding Magnetic particle testing BS EN 1369:2012
new
reqts
to be
added
extg
reqts
(vii) Steel Casting for General Engineering Uses BS EN
10239
(viii) Steel Casting for Structural Uses BS EN 10340
(ix) Founding Technical condition of delivery BS EN
1559:1 and 2
(x) Founding Utrasonic examination BS EN 12680:1 to 2
(xi) Founding Radiographic examination BS EN
12681:2003
(xii) Founding Magnetic particle testing BS EN 1369:2012
new
reqts
to be
added
Execution Standard
Steel Structures
Sep 2014
Practice Notes on
EC7GeoSS
Sep 2014
concluding
remarks
Apr 1, 2015
Thank you