Optimising Canal and Groundwater Management Models

1
GOVERNMENT OF THE PUNJAB

IRRIGATION DEPARTMENT
REVISED PC-I
FOR
OPTIMISING CANAL AND GROUNDWATER
MANAGEMENT TO ASSIST WATER USER ASSOCIATIONS
IN MAXIMIZING CROP PRODUCTION AND MANAGING
SALINISATION WITH AUSTRALIAN ASSISTANCE
July 2014
PREPARED BY
PROJECT COORDINATOR
PROGRAMME MONITORING AND IMPLEMENTATION UNIT (PMIU)
PUNJAB IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE AUTHORITY (PIDA)
Revised 2014
GOVERNMENT OF PAKISTAN
PLANNING COMMISSION
PC-1 FORM
(INFRASTRUCTURE SECTORS)
1.
Name of the project
Optimising
Canal
and
Groundwater
Management to Assist Water User
Associations in Maximizing Crop Production
and Managing Salinisation with Australian
Assistance
2.
Location
All over Punjab
3.
Authorities responsible for:
i.
Sponsoring
Irrigation Department,
Government of the Punjab
ii. Execution
Government of Punjab, Punjab Irrigation

Drainage Authority, Irrigation Department
iii. Operation and maintenance
Government of Punjab, Punjab Irrigation

Drainage Authority, Irrigation Department
4.
Plan provision
5.
Project objectives and its relationship with sector objectives

(No change in scope / objective of the project)
Following objectives will be achieved after implementation of the project.
Objective 1
To obtain spatial crop, soil, and water availability & quality data (irrigation & drainage
aspects, uses of water) to develop tools capable of analysing hydrological,
environmental and economic water management trade-off scenarios.
Objective 2
To use the developed optimisation tools in a participatory mode with Farmer
Organisations in Pakistan and stakeholder groups in Australia to help determine possible
improved (more equitable, economically efficient, hydrologically and environmentally
sustainable) canal and groundwater management options acceptable to the all stack
holders.
Objective 3
To support PIDA and Farmer Organisations in the implementation of more equitable,
economically efficient, hydrologically and environmentally sustainable canal and
groundwater management options in the study areas.

Objective 4
10 optimal cropping patterns, acceptable to farmers.
Objective 5
Proposed cropping pattern should use minimum water and explore use of marginal water
(conjunctive use) and salt water tolerant species.
Objective 6
The production from proposed cropping pattern should be translated into economic
values for use in macro economic scenario development.
The project has been executed in the command area of the LCC in Pakistan, and
Coleambally Irrigation Area (CIA) in Australia since October 01, 2008. In linking the
ACIAR initiative with ongoing work of PIDA, Irrigation Department in the LCC ensure
participation in improving irrigation management. Three distributaries are selected, one
each in head, middle, and tail reach of the LCC system, but at locations where the
research and development initiative has already been in progress. The focus in LCC will
be to introduce improved irrigation practices, thus removing disparity among farmers
indirectly. A number of target area(s) has been selected where in the farmers are
contributing over 90% of the revenue collections. It would ensure the farmers would be
at least seeing the economic benefits of joint participation for removing disparity in their
water distributions and ready for a change.
The activities of the above project are in progress towards achievements of the
objectives of the project. The project lags as per targeted activities of the project due to
change in management (Team leader) of CSU Team, Australia once in 2008 and second
in 2011. The present CSU Team took over the charge in November, 2011. However, the
field activities of the project including collection of various types of data (Groundwater,
Cropping Pattern, Soil and Tubewell Data) have almost been completed successfully and
these will be used as input for the Hydrologic-Economic Model. This model will
analyze water distribution under various crop-groundwater-surface water scenarios at
farm and distributary levels in both LCC and CIA project areas. For the development of
model, some specialized staff was required and the same was incorporated in the revised
PC-I (May 2012). During the extended period of the project (June 2012 to June 2014)
the recruitment against the specialized posts couldnt be made due to Government ban
on the fresh recruitment. The matter was discussed with Project Partners and it was
decided that CSU will hire the staff for the development of Hydrology and Socioeconomic Models.
5.1 Justification For Extension Of Project
In this regard, ACIAR Review Workshop was held during May 15 17, 2014 at
University of Agriculture Arid, Rawalpindi (UAAR) where in all the partners including
the hired staff by the CSU participated in the workshop and gave detailed presentation
regarding various phases of Hydrology and Socio-economic Models. The schedule for
development of Models has also been finalized. According to the schedule, both the
model will be developed upto December 2014 and the same will be handed over to the
PIDA-Irrigation Department for its operation and maintenance. The final ACIAR Project
report will be published in the last week of December 2014 and ACIAR Project
seminar/project will be held in January 2015.
In this context, a revised PC-I has been framed with the consultation of the
project partners alongwith the revised schedule. As per revised schedule, PIDA-Irrigation
Department and University of Agriculture Faisalabad (UAF)/ University of Arid

Agriculture Rawalpindi (UAAR) will provide data to CSU partners and CSU team will
develop the model upto December 2014. ACIAR has already issued letter for extension
of the project upto December 2014. For training/capacity building regarding development
of Rechna Doab Model and Socio-Economic Model, the schedule has also been finalized
in the ACIAR Review Workshop. In this regard, a part of training will be held at Lahore
by the CSU team while other part of the training will be held at WaggaWagga,
Coleambally Irrigation Area (CIA) in Australia.
The total cost of the project has not been changed in the revised PC-I, only the
time period of the project has been extended upto December 2014 as already decided by
the project partners in the review workshop.
Furthermore, it has also been decided that Rechna Doab Model and Socioeconomic Models will be handed over to PIDA-Irrigation Department as well as
University of Agriculture Faisalabad. In order to operate and maintain the above models,
ACIAR proposed some equipments and softwares including servers and data analyses
software which will be procured during extended period of the project.
INDEX MAP
At provincial level, covering the primary main canal system and its secondary level
"distributary" and "minor" canals. However, detailed investigations are designed at
primary, secondary and tertiary levels in the command area of Lower Chenab Canal East
(LCC East).
6.
Description, justification, technical parameters and technology transfer aspects

(a)
Brief history, technical features and justification of project are described as

below:
The Lower Chenab Canal (LCC) system has one of the oldest irrigation
systems in Pakistan. It serves the largest area in Punjab (the leading state of irrigation
farming) 1.24 million hectares (Mha). Recently, the Punjab Irrigation and Drainage
Authority (PIDA) have started the Lower Chenab Canal System Rehabilitation Project
costing AU$ 200 millions with the help of Japan Bank for International Development
(JBIC). The scope of this PIDA initiative is to remodel and rehabilitate the existing
irrigation canal systems and drainage systems of the LCC system in central Punjab. The
initiative also assists the empowerment of Farmers' Organizations (FOs) to which
responsibilities will be delegated for the operation and maintenance of the system. There
is a need to support this PIDA initiative for studying various rationale bases for water
distributions within the FOs to improve livelihoods through maximizing crop production
and managing salinisation in irrigated landscapes. Consequently, this proposed project
will focus on the following specific objectives:
1. To obtain spatial crop, soil, and water availability data to develop tools capable of
analysing hydrological and economic water management trade-off scenarios.
2. To use the developed optimisation tools in a participatory mode with Farmer
Organisations to help determine possible improved (more equitable, economically
efficient and hydrologically sustainable) canal and groundwater management options
acceptable to the irrigators.
3. To support PIDA and Farmer Organisations in the implementation of more equitable,
economically efficient and hydrologically sustainable canal and groundwater
management options in the study areas.
This proposed PIDA project is complementing the Australian Centre for

International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) Project No. LWR/2005/144. The
Pakistans indicative research priorities of ACIAR for 2006/07 include Subprogram 3:
Management of land and water resources to sustain productive enterprises. Similarly, the
Australia Pakistan Agriculture Sector Linkage Program (ASLP) has a broader focus on
land and water resources, encompassing community-driven water allocation and
drainage management as well as dryland and irrigated cereal production.
In LCC system, the inequity of water distribution, among the water users located at
head, middle and tail reaches of the canal, is closely correlated to decreasing crop yields
and increasing land salinisation. In the areas where canal water is insufficient,
groundwater has become a major factor underlying raising agricultural production in the
past two decades. However, without proper management, groundwater extraction and its
use have resulted in several hydrological, environmental and economical issues.
Therefore, from a research perspective, the issue at hand is that of optimising
canal and groundwater management given the crop-groundwater-soil mix as a function
of distance to canal and socio-economic parameters. This optimization, being more
equitable, economically efficient and hydrologically sustainable, would lead to
improved overall efficiency and productivity of the system, and eventually help
mitigating the increasing land salinisation issue.
In linking the ACIAR initiative with ongoing work of PIDA in the LCC would
ensure participation in improving irrigation management. Three distributaries will be
selected, one each in head, middle, and tail reach of the LCC system, but at locations
where the research and development initiative is already in progress. The focus in LCC
will be to introduce improved irrigation practices, thus removing disparity among
farmers indirectly. A number of target area(s) will be selected where in the farmers are
contributing over 90% of the revenue collections. It would ensure the farmers would be
at least seeing the economic benefits of joint participation for removing disparity in their
water distributions and ready for a change.
7.
Description
Approved
Amount in
Rs. (Million)
Capital cost estimates
Rs. 79.689
Agreement
Amount in
Rs. (Million)
Revised
PC-I cost
Rs. (Million)
Second
Revised
PC-I cost
Rs. (Million)
Difference
Rs. (Million)
84.120
84.120
Nil
Rs. 79.689
ABSTRACT OF COST
Sr.
No
.
Description
Approved
Amount
in
Rs.
(Million)
Agreement
Amount in
Rs.
(Million)
Revised
Amount
in
Rs.
(Million)
Second
Revised
Amount
in
Rs.
(Million)
Difference
Rs.
(Million)
Remarks
Punjab Component
a)
ACIAR foreign
investment
44.820
44.820
49.251
49.251
b)
Charles Sturt University,

Australia
14.532
14.532
14.532
14.532
c)
Cash component of the

PIDA to ACIAR
10.000
10.000
10.000
10.000
d)
In-kind Contribution of
PIDA
6.500
6.500
6.500
6.500
e)
University of Agriculture,
Faisalabad
3.837
3.837
3.837
3.837
Total
79.689
79.689
84.120
84.120
(Ch. Abdul Shakoor)

Deputy Director, PMIU
Irrigation Department
Lahore
Ph# +92 42 9213595-97
(Muhammad Qasim)
Accounts Officer, PMIU
Lahore
Ph# +92 42 9213595-97
(Dr. Muhammad Riaz)

Director, PMIU
Project Coordinator, ACIAR
Lahore
Ph# +92 42 9213595-97
Amount
has not
been
changed
only time
period of
project
has been
extended
upto
December
2014
COST DETAILS
PART A: ESTIMATED PROJECT EXPENDITURE FROM ACIAR FUNDS
COMMISSIONED ORGANISATION OR IARC
Charles Sturt University
1.
FUNDS EXPENDED IN AUSTRALIA OR FOR IARC
Sr.
No.
Description
PERSONEL
(a) Professionally Qualified
(B) Salary-related on-Costs
(c) Appointment Expenses
(d) Other Personnel
TOTAL PERSONNEL
4
5
SUPPLIES AND SERVICES

(a) Research Operating Expenses
(b) Contracted Expenditure
TOTAL SUPPLIES AND SERVICES
TRAVEL
(a) Domestic Fares
(and International - IARC's only)
(b) Subsistence
TOTAL TRAVEL
INFRASTRUCTURE COSTS
CAPITAL ITEM/ASSET USAGE
TOTAL
As per
Approv
ed PC-1
October
2007
As per
Contract
Agreem
ent Jan
2008
As per
Revise
d PC-1
2012
Second
Revision
As per
PC-1
2014
380,000
380,000
380,000
380,000
380,000
3,80,000
380,000
380,000
65,000
65,000
65,000
65,000
65,000
65,000
65,000
65,000
16,000
3,500
16,000
3,500
16,000
3,500
16,000
3,500
19,500
19,500
19,500
19,500
464,500
464,500
464,500
464,500
Differ
ence
(Ch. Abdul Shakoor)

Lahore
Ph# +92 42 9213595-97
(Muhammad Qasim)
Lahore
Ph# +92 42 9213595-97
(Dr. Muhammad Riaz)

Director, PMIU
Lahore
Ph# +92 42 9213595-97
Remarks
Amount
has not
been
changed,
only time
period of
project
has been
extended
upto
December
2014
8
COMMISSIONED ORGANISATION
2.1 FUNDS EXPENDED IN AUSTRALIA FOR
Pakistan-Punjab Irrigation and Drainage Authority, Government of Punjab
Sr.
No.
Description
As per
Approv
ed PC-1
October
2007
As per
Contrac
t
Agreem
ent Jan
2008
As per
Revised
PC-1
2012
Second
Revision
As per
PC-1
2014
PERSONEL
(a) Salary
Differ
ence
TOTAL PERSONNEL
2
4
5

TRAVEL
(a) International & Domestic Fares
(b) Subsistence
TOTAL TRAVEL
TOTAL
Remarks
60,000
59,250
60,000
59,250
60,000
59,250
60,000
59,250
119,250
119,250
119,250
119,250
39,408
158,658
39,408
158,658
39,408
158,658
39,408
158,658
(Ch. Abdul Shakoor)

Lahore
Ph# +92 42 9213595-97
(Muhammad Qasim)
Lahore
Ph# +92 42 9213595-97
(Dr. Muhammad Riaz)

Director, PMIU
Lahore
Ph# +92 42 9213595-97
Amount
has not
been
changed
only time
period of
project has
been
extended
upto
December
2014
9
Pakistan-University of Agriculture Faisalabad
Sr.
No.
1
4
5
Description
As per
Approved
PC-1
October
2007
PERSONEL
(a) Salary
(B) Salary-redated on-Costs
TOTAL PERSONNEL
TRAVEL
(b) Subsistence
TOTAL TRAVEL
TOTAL
As per
Contract
Agreement
Jan 2008
As per
Revised
PC-1
2012
Second
Revision
As per
PC-1
2014
Difference
Remarks
Amount
has not
been
changed
only time
period of
project
has been
extended
upto
December
2014
54,000
66,500
109,500
54,000
66,500
109,500
54,000
66,500
109,500
54,000
66,500
109,500
109,500
109,500
109,500
109,500
(Ch. Abdul Shakoor)

Lahore
Ph# +92 42 9213595-97
(Muhammad Qasim)
Lahore
Ph# +92 42 9213595-97
(Dr. Muhammad Riaz)

Director, PMIU
Lahore
Ph# +92 42 9213595-97
10
PART C: ESTIMATED PROJECT EXPENDITURE FROM ACIAR FUNDS
DEVELOPING COUNTRY PARTNER
1. FUNDS SENT OVERSEAS FOR
Pakistan-Punjab Irrigation and Drainage Authority, Government of Pakistan
Sr.
No.
4
5
Description
PERSONEL
Salary or Wages
TOTAL PERSONNEL
(a) Research Operating
Expenses
TOTAL SUPPLIES AND
SERVICES
TRAVEL
(a) International & Domestic
Fares
(b) Subsistence
TOTAL TRAVEL
TOTAL
As per
Approved
PC-1
Oct 2007
As per
Contract
Agreement
Jan 2008
Revised
PC-1
May
2012
Second
Revision
As per
PC-1
2014
Difference
96,000
72,000
55,100
9,000
(46,100)
96,000
72,000
55,100
9,000
(46,100)
11720
11720
45,620
88,220
42,600
11,720
11,720
45,620
88,220
42,600
5,800
9,000
5,800
9,000
5,800
9,000
12,000
6,000
6,200
(3,000)
14,800
14,800
14,800
18,000
3,200
17,700
140,220
17,700
116,220
700
116,220
1,000
116,220
300
NIL
(Ch. Abdul Shakoor)

Lahore
Ph# +92 42 9213595-97
(Muhammad Qasim)
Lahore
Ph# +92 42 9213595-97
(Dr. Muhammad Riaz)

Director, PMIU
Lahore
Ph# +92 42 9213595-97
Remarks
Amount has
not
been
changed
only
time
period
of
project has
been
extended
upto
December
2014
11
Sr.
No.
1
4
5
Description
PERSONEL
Salary or Wages
TOTAL PERSONNEL
Expenses
TOTAL SUPPLIES AND
SERVICES
TRAVEL
Fares
(b) Subsistence
TOTAL TRAVEL
TOTAL
As per
Approved
PC-1
October
2007
As per
Contract
Agreement
Jan 2008
As per
Revised
PC-1
2012
Second
Revision
As per
PC-1
2014
98,000
98,000
98,000
98,000
98,000
98,000
98,000
98,000
29,800
29,800
29,800
29,800
29,800
29,800
29,800
29,800
5,800
4,300
5,800
4,300
5,800
4,300
5,800
4,300
10,100
10,100
10,100
10,100
13,222
151,122
13,222
151,122
13,222
151,122
13,222
151,122
Difference
(Ch. Abdul Shakoor)

Lahore
Ph# +92 42 9213595-97
(Muhammad Qasim)
Lahore
Ph# +92 42 9213595-97
(Dr. Muhammad Riaz)

Director, PMIU
Lahore
Ph# +92 42 9213595-97
Remarks
Amount
has not
been
changed
only time
period of
project
has been
extended
upto
December
2014
12
PART E1: COMMISSIONED ORGANISATION CONTRIBUTIONS
Sr.
No.
1
2
3
4
Description
PERSONEL
SUPPLIES AND
SERVICES
TRAVEL
INFRASTRUCTUR
E COSTS
As per
Approved
PC-1
October
2007
332,000
As per
Contract
Agreeme
nt Jan
2008
332,000
As per
Revised
PC-1
2012
332,000
Second
Revision
As per PC-1
2014
332,000
332,000
CAPITAL
ITEM/ASSET
USAGE
TOTAL
332,000
332,000
332,000
Difference
Remarks
Amount has not

been changed only
time period of
project has been
extended upto
December 2014
(Ch. Abdul Shakoor)

Lahore
Ph# +92 42 9213595-97
(Muhammad Qasim)
Lahore
Ph# +92 42 9213595-97
(Dr. Muhammad Riaz)

Director, PMIU
Lahore
Ph# +92 42 9213595-97
13
PART F1: DEVELOPING COUNTRY CONTRIBUTIONS
(Inkind Contribution)
Sr.
No.
Description
1
2
3
4
PERSONEL
TRAVEL

TOTAL
As per
Approved
PC-1
October
2007
148,352
As per
Contract
Agreeme
nt
Jan 2008
148,352
148,352
Second
Revision
As per
PC-1
2014
148,352
96,000
132,490
376,842
148,352
148,352
148,352
As per
Revised
PC-1
2012
Differ
ence
-
Remarks
Amount
has
not
been
changed only
time period of
project
has
been
extended upto
December
2014
(Ch. Abdul Shakoor)

Lahore
Ph# +92 42 9213595-97
(Muhammad Qasim)
Lahore
Ph# +92 42 9213595-97
(Dr. Muhammad Riaz)

Director, PMIU
Lahore
Ph# +92 42 9213595-97
14

Sr.
No.
1
2
3
4
5
Description
PERSONEL
SUPPLIES AND
SERVICES
TRAVEL
INFRASTRUCTURE
COSTS
CAPITAL ITEM/ASSET
USAGE
TOTAL
As per
Approved
PC-1
October
2007
87,672
As per
Contract
Agreement
Jan 2008
87,672
As per
Revised
PC-1
2012
87,672
Second
Revision
As per PC1
2014
87,672
Differe
nce
-
87,672
87,672
87,672
87,672
Remarks
Amount has not

been
changed
only time period of
project has been
extended
upto
December 2014
PART G1: DEVELOPING COUNTRY CONTRIBUTIONS

Sr.
No
1
2
3
4
5
Description
PERSONEL
TRAVEL
CAPITAL ITEM/ASSET
USAGE
TOTAL
8.
9.
As per
Approved
PC-1
October
2007
-
As per
Contract
Agreemen
t
Jan 2008
-
Second
Revision
As per
PC-1
2014
-
88,000
96,000
96,000
96,000
1,40,490
132,490
1,32,490
1,32,490
2,28,490
228,490
2,28,490
2,28,490
Annual operating and maintenance

cost after(Muhammad
completionQasim)
of the project
Irrigation
Department
Demand and
supply
analysis
Lahore
Ph# +92 42 9213595-7
10. Financial plan and mode of financing

11
Project benefits and analysis

i) Financial
(Ch. Abdul Shakoor)
ii) Economic
iii) SocialIrrigation
benefitsDepartment
with indicators
iv) Employment
generation (direct
Lahore
Ph# +92 42 9213595-7
and indirect)
v) Environmental impact
vi) Impact of delays on project cost
and viability
(Dr. Muhammad Riaz)
Director, PMIU
Lahore
Ph# +92 42 9213595-7
As per
Revised
PC-1
2012
Differe
nce
-
Remarks
Amount has not

been changed only
time
period
of
project has been
extended
upto
December 2014
15
12
Implementation schedule
Following is the proposed schedule that will be implemented to achieve the objectives of
the project.
Objectives/Activities
Tasks
Time line
Milestones
Revised
Revised
Time line Milestones
Objective 1. To obtain spatial crop, soil, and water availability data to develop optimisation tools
capable of analysing hydrological and economic water management trade-off scenarios.
Activity 1.1: Collect
and synthesise data
regarding irrigated
crops, water
distribution,
groundwater uses, soil
physiography, aquifer
characteristics, and
cropping pattern in the
LCC command area.
Activity 1.2: Explore

major issues associated
with water distribution;
identify gaps in the
existing
knowledge,
planning
and
implementation;
and
articulate
real
aspirations for the
future of the region for
a sustainable irrigated
- Literature
review
regarding canal,
groundwater,
soil and crop
issues at farm
and
"distributary"
and "minor"
canal levels.
Yr 1, m 1-3
Discussion
paper
drafted
- Collect and
synthesise facts
and figures
from existing
data sources
and available
reports.
Yr 1, m 1-6
Preliminary
report
drafted
Develop Yr 1, m 1database
of 12
irrigated crops,
water
distribution,
groundwater
uses,
soil
physiography,
aquifer
characteristics,
and
cropping
pattern.
Initial
database
developed
Conduct Yr 2, m 1-6
preliminary
interviews with
selected
scientists and
regulation
agencies staff
from different
disciplines, and
community
members.
Report
prepared on:
(i)
major
issues
associated
with water
distribution,
(ii) gaps in
the existing
knowledge,
planning
16
Tasks
agricultural base and Document

healthy catchments.
findings on: (i)
major
issues
associated with
water
distribution, (ii)
gaps in the
existing
knowledge,
planning
and
implementation
of
on-farm
water
management,
and
(iii)
important
features
that
constitute
resilient
irrigation
communities
and
environments
for better onfarm
water
management.
Activity 1.3: Undertake
spatial and temporal
hydrological analysis
as a function of cropgroundwater-soil mix
at
farm
and
"distributary"
and
"minor" canal levels in
the LCC command
area.
Time line
Milestones
Revised
Revised
and
implementat
ion of onfarm water
management
, and (iii)
important
features that
constitute
resilient
irrigation
communitie
s
and
environment
s for better
on-farm
water
management
.
- Update the Yr 2, m 1- Preliminary

developed
12
report
database
of
drafted
irrigated crops,
water
distribution,
groundwater
uses,
soil
physiography,
aquifer
characteristics,
and
cropping
pattern.
- Prepare spatial Yr 2, m 7- Preliminary

and
temporal 12
report
hydrological
drafted
maps of water
distribution as a
function
of
cropgroundwatersoil mix at
17
Tasks
Time line
Milestones
Revised
Revised
"distributary"
and
"minor"
canal level.
Activity 1.4: Develop a
hydrologic economic
framework capable of
scenario analysis for
more
equitable,
economically efficient
and
hydrologically
sustainable distribution
of
canal
and
groundwater at farm
and "distributary" and
the LCC command
area.
- Develop a Yr 3, m 1-3
hydrologic
economic
framework
capable
of
trade-off
scenario
analysis
of
optimising
canal
and
groundwater
management
given the cropgroundwatersoil mix as a
function
of
distance
to
canal and socioeconomic
parameters.
Modeling
framework
developed
Objective 2. To use the developed optimisation tools in a participatory mode with Farmer
Organisations to help determining possible improved (more equitable, economically efficient and
hydrologically sustainable) canal and groundwater management options acceptable to the
irrigators.
Activity 2.1: Conduct a
preliminary
analysis
using
hydrologic
economic models for
canal and groundwater
management
in
consultation
with
different stakeholders
in the LCC command
area.
- Conduct a Yr 3, m 4-9
preliminary
analysis
for
canal
and
groundwater
management.
Preliminary
report
drafted
- This task will Yr 3, m 1- Preliminary

be assisted by 12
report
field studies for
drafted
water
accounting at
farm
and
"distributary"
and
"minor"
Consult
different
stakeholder for
feedback on the
preliminary
analysis results
18
Tasks
Time line
Milestones
Revised
Revised
canal levels.
Activity 2.2: Develop
crop-groundwater-soil
mix scenarios while
incorporating channel
operations
and
groundwater
management response
into
an
economic
framework
for
optimising
water
management in the
LCC command area.
Prepare Yr 3, m 10- Preliminary

scenarios
for 12
report
hydrologic
drafted
economic
modeling given
the
cropgroundwatersoil mix as a
function
of
distance
to
parameters.
Conduct
scenario
analysis
for
identifying
alternative
policy options
in
water
distribution.
Activity 2.3: Formulate

policy options in water
distribution
while
optimising canal and
groundwater
management
for
maximizing
crop
production
and
managing salinisation
in the LCC command
area.
- Prepare policy Yr 4, m 1-6

options
to
optimise canal
and
groundwater
management
options.
Consult
different
stakeholders to
get feedback on
the
prepared
management
options
for
maximizing
crop production
and managing
salinisation.
Yr 5, m Prepare
1-6
scenarios for
hydrologic
economic
modeling
given
the
function
of
distance
to
canal
and
socioeconomic
parameters.
Conduct
scenario
analysis
for
identifying
alternative
policy options
in
water
distribution.
Report
prepared on
policy
options for
defining
more
equitable,
economicall
y efficient
and
hydrological
ly
sustainable
strategies to
manage
canal
and
groundwater
in CIA and
LCC.
Objective 3. To support PIDA and Farmer Organisations in the implementation of more equitable,
economically efficient and hydrologically sustainable canal and groundwater management options
in the study areas.
Activity
3.1:
Conduct -
Organise Yr 1, m 6-11
Preliminary
19
Tasks
Time line
separate interviews and

workshops
with
community participants
and groups of experts to
better clarify the major
issues in canal and
groundwater management
in the LCC command
area.
interviews
and
workshops with
community
participants and
groups
of
experts to better
clarify the major
issues in canal
and groundwater
management.
report drafted
- Organise a joint Yr 1, m 12
year-end
workshop
to
resolve
differences
between
the
experts
and
farmers.
Report
prepared on
the
stakeholders
perceptions
regarding the
major issues
in canal and
groundwater
management
- Analyse and
synthesise
findings
from
interviews
and
workshops.
Milestones
Revised
Revised
Activity 3.2: Training

workshops
to
assist
Farmer Organisations in
participatory
demonstrating, evaluating
and exploring adoption
pathways
regarding
promising on-farm canal
and
groundwater
management strategies,
and
water
saving
technologies.
- Prepare training Yr 2, m 12
modules,
and
conduct training
year-end
workshop
in
LCC.
Workshop
organised
Yr 5, m 79
Prepare
training
modules, and
conduct
training yearend workshop
in LCC.
- Prepare training Yr 3, m 12
modules,
and
conduct training
year-end
workshop
in
LCC.
Workshop
organised
Yr 5. m Prepare
10-12
training
modules, and
conduct
in LCC.
Activity 3.3: Project

dialogue
with
stakeholders
and
regulation agencies in the
LCC for wider adoption
of the promising on-farm
and smart water saving
technologies at different
levels.
- Conduct project Yr 4, m 6
dialogue meeting
in LCC.
Project
dialogue
meeting
organised
Organise Yr 4, m 12
project-end
workshop
in
Lahore, Pakistan
inviting
scientists,
policymakers,
water managers
and farmers.
Project-end
Yr 6, m 3
workshop
and
its
proceedings
are compiled
for
wider
dissemination
.
Organise
project-end
workshop
in
Lahore,
Pakistan
inviting
scientists,
policymakers,
water managers
20
Tasks
Time line
Milestones
Revised
Revised
and farmers.
21
15
Certified that the project proposal has been prepared on the basis of instructions
provided by the Planning Commission for the preparation of PC-I for
Infrastructure sector projects.
1.
Prepared by
(Sajid Mahmood)
(Ch. Abdul Shakoor)
Assistant Director Monitoring, PMIU Deputy Director, PMIU
Lahore
Lahore
Ph# +92 42 9213595-7
Ph# +92 42 9213595-7
(Dr. Muhammad Riaz)

Director, PMIU
Lahore
Ph# +92 42 9213595-7
2. Checked by
(Habib Ullah Bodla)
Chief Monitoring, PMIU
Lahore
Ph# +92 42 9213595-7
3. Recommended by
(Saif Anjum)
Secretary
Irrigation Department / MD PIDA
Lahore
Ph# +92 42 99212117-8
4. Approved by
(Muhammad Irfan Elahi)

Chairman
Planning & Development Board
Government of Punjab
Lahore
Ph# +92 42 99210002
22
ACIAR Project Proposal

On
Optimising Canal and Groundwater Management to Assist Water
User Associations in Maximizing Crop Production and Managing
Salinisation with Australian Assistant
23
PROJECT DOCUMENT
SECTION 1: Project Outline

Project number:
LWR/2005/144
Project title:
Optimising Canal and Groundwater Management to Assist

Water User Associations in Maximizing Crop Production and
Managing Salinisation in Australia and Pakistan
ACIAR Research
Program:
Land and Water Resources (LWR)
Focus area/s:
Better environments from better agriculture
Project stage:
Full
Commissioned
Organisation:
Charles Sturt University (CSU)
Project type:
Bilateral, Large
Geographic region/s:
South Asia
Country/ies:
Pakistan
Partner country priorities
Subprogram 3: Management of land and water resources to

sustain productive enterprises
Project duration:
6 years 6 Months
Start date:
1 January 2008 (As per PC-1 2007) 1 October 2008 (Contract

Agreement)
Proposed finish date:
31 December 2014
Time to impact:
5 10 years (Category 2)
Key Contacts
Project Leader: Australian Commissioned Organization / Commissioned IARC
Title and Name
Position
Organization
Phone
Email
Postal Address
Street Address
John Blackwell
Professor
Institute of Land, Water and Society
+61 2 6933 4937
Fax +61 2 6933 4937
jblackwell@csu.edu.au
Charles Sturt University (CSU), Locked Bag 588, Wagga
Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia
24
Administrative Contact: Australian Commissioned Organization / Commissioned IARC

Title and Name
Position
Organization
Phone
Email
Postal Address
Professor Paul Burnett

Pro Vice Chancellor
+61 2 6933 4221
Fax
+61 2 6933 2800
pburnett@csu.edu.au
Research & Graduate Training, Charles Sturt University,
Locked Bag 588, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia
Street Address
Project Coordinator: Partner Country
Title and Name
Position
Dr. Muhammad Riaz

Director (Gauges), Programme
Implementation Unit (PMIU)
Organization
Punjab Irrigation Department

Punjab Irrigation and Drainage Authority (PIDA)
+92 42 9213595-97
Fax
+92 42 9213598
riazpmiu07@yahoo.com
Irrigation Secretariat, Opposite Old Anarkali The Mall,
LAHORE, Pakistan
Phone
Email
Postal Address
Management
and
Street Address
Collaborating Scientist: Partner Country Collaborating Organization
Title and Name
Position
Organization
Phone
Email
Postal Address
Street Address
Prof. Dr. Niaz Ahmad Rai

Vice Chancellor
University of Arid Agriculture Rawalpindi (UAAF)
+92 51 9290464
Fax
vc@uaar,edu,com.pk
Vice Chancellor Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi.
Steering Committee Members

Sr. #
Names
Position
Organization
Chairman Planning Commission
Chairman
Planning Commission
Representative of Ministry of Water & Member

Power
Ministry of Water & Power
Representative of Irr. Dept. Punjab
Member
Irr. Dept. Punjab
Representative of Irr. Dept. Sindh
Member
IPD Sindh
Representative of Irr. Dept. NWFP
Member
IPD NWFP
Representative of IPD Balochistan
Member
IPD Balochistan
Representative of Planning Commission Member
Planning
Commission
25
Chief Technical Advisor (CTA) Chief

(Water) will be ex officio CTA to
coordinate the project activities in other
provinces
8
Dr. Muhammad Latif, Director
Islamabad
Member
Centre of Excellence in
Water Resources, UET
Lahore
Acronyms
ACIAR
CSU
CICL
FOs
IMT
JBIC
LCC
LWR
MCA
PARC
PIDA
PIDs
PMIU
UAF
UAAR
WMI
Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research

Coleambally Irrigation Co-operative Limited
Farmers Organizations
Irrigation Management Transfer
Japan Bank for International Development
Lower Chenab Canal
Land and Water Resources
Murrumbidgee Catchment Authority
Pakistan Agricultural Research Council
Punjab Irrigation and Drainage Authority
Provincial Irrigation Departments
Programme Monitoring and Implementation Unit
University of Agriculture Faisalabad
University of Arid Agriculture
Water Management Institute
26
Project Summary
In Pakistan, the inequity of water distribution, among the water users located at head, middle
and tail reaches of the canal, is closely correlated to decreasing crop yields and increasing
land salinisation. Because, the further distant a water user is located along the canal, the
lesser water he will receive. This inequity of water distribution among the water users can be
improved by considering spatial differentials in soil physiography, groundwater dynamics,
and cropping patterns exist at head, middle and tail reaches of the canal. From a research
perspective, the issue at hand is that of optimising canal and groundwater management given
the crop-groundwater-soil mix as a function of distance to canal and socio-economic
parameters. The true implementation of the resulting optimised management options would
lead to improved overall efficiency and productivity of the system, and eventually help
mitigating the increasing land salinisation issue.
The Punjab Irrigation and Drainage Authority (PIDA), Government of Punjab operates and
maintains one of the largest irrigation canal systems in the world. Water from the five rivers
and complex network of canals has been irrigating the land of the Punjab Province for over a
century. The Irrigation Department under the Government of Punjab inherited this vast
network of canal system and has over the years maintained, regulated, rehabilitated and
constructed upon the existing network periodically. However the water requirement to the
farmlands of the Punjab Province has increased with the passage of time and some of the
existing networks require major rehabilitation and improvement so as to meet the present day
demands. Particularly, there is acute shortage of irrigation water in the command area of
Lower Chenab Canal (LCC) system; it has now become difficult to feed tail portions of the
system even during the season of ample availability of water in rivers.
The LCC system has one of the oldest irrigation systems in Pakistan. It serves the largest area
in Punjab (the leading state of irrigation farming) 1.24 million hectares (Mha). Recently,
PIDA has started the Lower Chenab Canal System Rehabilitation Project costing AU$ 200
millions with the help of Japan Bank for International Development (JBIC). The scope of this
PIDA initiative is to remodel and rehabilitate the existing irrigation canal systems and
drainage systems of the LCC system in central Punjab. The initiative also assists the
empowerment of Farmers' Organizations (FOs) to which responsibilities will be delegated for
the operation and maintenance of the system. There is a need to support this PIDA initiative
for studying various rationale bases for water distributions within the FOs to improve
livelihoods through maximizing crop production and managing salinisation in irrigated
landscapes. Consequently, this project will focus on the following specific objectives in
Australia and Pakistan:
Objective 1
To obtain spatial crop, soil, and water availability & quality data (irrigation & drainage
aspects, uses of water) to develop tools capable of analysing hydrological, environmental and
economic water management trade-off scenarios.
Objective 2
To use the developed optimisation tools in a participatory mode with Farmer Organisations in Pakistan and
stakeholder groups in Australia to help determine possible improved (more equitable, economically efficient,
hydrologically and environmentally sustainable) canal and groundwater management options acceptable to the
all stack holders.
27
Objective 3
To support PIDA and Farmer Organisations in the implementation of more equitable,
economically efficient, hydrologically and environmentally sustainable canal and
groundwater management options in the study areas.
Objective 4
10 optimal cropping patterns, acceptable to farmers.
Objective 5
Proposed cropping pattern should use minimum water and explore use of marginal water
(conjunctive use) and salt water tolerant species.
Objective 6
The production from proposed cropping pattern should be translated into economic values for
use in macro economic scenario development.
The project partners will be Charles Sturt University, the Punjab Irrigation and Drainage
Authority and the University of Agriculture Faisalabad, who will work together with
Farmers Organisation in the LCC and the Coleambally Irrigation Area (CIA) in Australia. In
the LCC, three distributaries will be selected, one each in head, middle, and tail reach of the
system, but at locations where the research and development initiative is already in progress
and Farmer Organisations are actively participating. In linking the ACIAR initiative with
ongoing work of PIDA in the LCC would also ensure linkage to the Punjab On-farm Water
Management Directorate and its activities in improving irrigation management.
In Pakistan, the most likely project outcome will be rational canal and groundwater
management based on best biophysical information, system limits and constraints and
stakeholder driven equity principles. This will underpin the wider institutional reforms
affecting irrigation in Punjab and Sindh Provinces of Pakistan, and is estimated to generate an
initial additional income of AU$255,000/year. In Australia the project outputs will lead to a
an optimum surface and ground water management policy framework for irrigation areas
which adequately addresses third party water quality costs such as salinity impacts of water
supply augmentation with groundwater, potentially generating an initial benefit of AU
$262,500/year.
SECTION 2: Project Justification

2.1
Partner country and Australian research and development issues and priority
Pakistan
The importance of irrigated agriculture to the Pakistan economy is explained by the fact that
irrigated land supplies more than 90% of agricultural production and agriculture accounts for
22 % of the GDP and employs 45% of the labour force (Government of Pakistan, 2007). At
provincial level, a central irrigation agency, like Punjab Irrigation Department, manages the
primary main canal system and its secondary level ("distributary" and "minor") canals, and
delivers water at the head of the tertiary level ("watercourse") through an outlet, popularly
known as a mogha, which is designed to provide a quantity of water proportional to the
watercourse's Culturable Command Area (CCA). The inequity in the Mogha System arises
from the tempering of the Mogha as well as by cutting of channels to obtain additional water
resources through criminal means. This creates inequity among users as well as failure to
28
implement existing water rules. In addition, several other institutional and technical factors
have contributed to make the flow conditions in the canal system increasingly variable
(Bandaragoda, 1996). Therefore, this irrigation system is now facing multiple problems such
as inequitable water distribution, high conveyance losses, low delivery efficiency,
waterlogging and salinisation. However, this project deals with the causes (related to the use
of soil and water) not the effects (waterlogging and salinity). Once, these causes are
appropriately addressed; threats of waterlogging and salinity to sustainable agriculture will
become manageable targets.
Recent analyses of distribution systems show that the inequity of water distribution between
head-enders and tail-enders is closely correlated to decreasing yields and increasing salinity
with increasing distance from the canal (Latif and Pomee, 2003; Latif and Ahmad, 2005).
Notionally, all farmers receive the same water share in each of the canal, distributary, minor
or watercourse commands. However, in practice, because allocation is time-based rather than
volume-based, the further distant a farmer is from the canal, distributary, minor or
watercourse outlet, the less water he will receive, partly due to leakages in the transmission
system, but mainly because these allocation rules date back to the 1850s, and do not take into
account spatial differentials in soils and crops. As a consequence, over time the insufficient
delivery of fresh water leads to an exacerbation of the salinity problems, particularly at the
tail-ends.
In addition to how canal water is managed, groundwater use is important in the areas where
canal water is insufficient, and it is a major factor underlying raising agricultural production
in the past two decades (Murray-Rust, 2002; Qureshi et al., 2004). However, in some areas
groundwater is over-exploited and the groundwater table is excessively lowering, causing
danger of saline water intrusion into fresh water aquifers. Fresh groundwater may become
unusable in such a case. These problems are caused by the insufficient design capacity of the
supply system, as well as growing irrigation water demand. On the other hand, almost 77% of
farmers in Pakistan are cultivating only 28% of the land, and a majority of farmers are poor
(Panella, 2004). If water distribution becomes equitable, poor farmers who cant afford to
have their own tubewell or buy groundwater would benefit directly.
After passing the PIDA Act from the Punjab Provincial Assembly during 1997, the existing
Provincial Irrigation Departments (PIDs) have been transformed to the more financially
autonomous Punjab Irrigation and Drainage Authority (PIDA). The mandate and
responsibility of PIDA is to make policy level decisions and acquisition and subsequent
distribution of irrigation water at the province level to ensure equity and reliability in
irrigation service delivery among different stakeholders. According to this Act, farmers are
being organized in FOs at distributary level to take over the operation and maintenance of
respective distributary canals, minors and watercourses. Management of several distributaries
has already been handed over to the respective FOs in different parts of the Punjab since 2000
as a result of Irrigation Management Transfer (IMT) agreements between PIDA and FOs.
There is a need to support the on ground Government initiative for studying various rational
basis for water distributions within the FOs to improve livelihoods through maximizing crop
production and managing salinisation in irrigated landscapes.
In particular, there is a need to optimise water distributions given the crop-groundwater-soil
mix as a function of distance to canal and socio-economic parameters. This optimization,
being more equitable, economically efficient and hydrologically sustainable, would lead to
improved overall efficiency and productivity of the system, and eventually help mitigating
the increasing land salinisation issue. A prerequisite for the implementation of improved
irrigation water management by FOs is that information based on a more rational analysis of
29
water management options is provided to PIDA in conjunction with a participatory approach

involving farmers in the FOs being formed. Experience in Australia (e.g. Queensland Water
Management Plans or NSW Water Sharing Plans) will provide guidelines and a template to
support PIDA and FOs in a similar way.
During several visits to Pakistan (December 2005 and 2006; March 2007), Prof. Shahbaz
Khan had a series of meetings with PIDA and University of Agriculture Faisalabad (UAF) on
the conceptual and implementation frameworks of this proposed project. These organizations
agreed to contents and designed approach, and showed interest to collaborate in the project to
address the underlining issues. Both PIDA and UAF have committed significant in-kind
resources to this project. The project has highest level of support from the Punjab Planning &
Development Department. The proposed project is focused on land and water resources,
including crop water use and salinity, which is a key priority area of interest for Pakistan and
Australia. ACIARs Pakistan Program indicative research priorities for 2006/07 include
Subprogram 3: Management of land and water resources to sustain productive enterprises,
which also complements the Australia Pakistan Agriculture Sector Linkage Program (ASLP)
with a broader focus on land and water resources, encompassing community-driven water
allocation and drainage management as well as dryland and irrigated cereal production.
Australia
Driven by surface water issues, reform of the water industry (COAG, 1995; COAG, 2004)
has involved considerable institutional amendment and thus irrigation industry uncertainty.
This is a significant social and political constraint to further amending institutions to account
for surface and ground water connectivity and manage them as a single resource (Braaten and
Gates, 2003; Sahuquillo and Lluria, 2003; Evans, 2004; Fullagar, 2005). The priority for
addressing surface and ground water connectivity is, therefore, to look within existing
institutions for allocating and managing surface and ground water and managing third party
impacts. Two research areas emerge: firstly, development of institutional capacity to account
for dynamic hydraulic relationships and to manage third party impacts; and secondly,
development of irrigation system management practices which allow the most appropriate
resource to be used at the most appropriate time and place. The most obvious (though not
only) way to facilitate this is through augmentation of groundwater into channelled surface
water supplies in groundwater rich areas such the Coleambally Irrigation Area. However
there would be a range of costs involved (such as increased salt loads to farmers receiving
mixed surface and ground water) to the practice which must be identified and considered, and
approaches agreed by the affected irrigation communities.
The purpose of this project is to pursue the development of optimum canal and groundwater
management strategies for Australian irrigation systems, with particular consideration of
augmentation and management of third party impacts. In doing so, it deliberately leaves
consideration of surface and ground water connectivity issues to develop institutional
capacities, noting that these are dominated by improved accounting and interaction between
the concepts of surface water environmental flows, groundwater sustainable yields and
management of salinity impacts on crop production. The Australian component will require
close work with the Coleambally Irrigation Cooperation Limited (CICL) and the
Murrumbidgee Catchment Authority (MCA). The Chief Investigator and Australian project
team has well-established relationships with both agencies.
30
2.2
Research and/or development strategy and relationship to other ACIAR

investments and other donor activities
The project will adopt a multilevel stakeholder engagement approach (from Secretary
Irrigation Department to the Heads of the Farmer Organisations) to reach a consensus on
social, economic and environmental outcomes from optimising canal and groundwater in
maximizing crop production and managing salinisation in the Lower Chenab Canal (LCC,
see Figure A1 in appendix) in Pakistan and the Coleambally Irrigation Area (CIA) in
Australia. It will develop strategies and tools for equitable water distribution given the cropgroundwater-soil mix as a function of distance to canal and socio-economic parameters (more
detail on the conceptual approach is provided in section 5.1). In doing so, the project will
target two main end-user groups. On the one hand, it will work directly with selected Farmer
Organisations (FOs) within the LCC in a participatory mode (see section 4.3), to jointly
identify the key constraints to optimising equitable water management and then to develop
accepted management options. The second target group are Punjab provincial agencies,
mainly PIDA itself, as well as the Dept. of Agriculture. Here, the project team will use the
modelling outputs (which are based on the management options developed with the FOs) to
inform decision makers to ensure policies are in place to support the implementation of
improved management options within the broader context of irrigation and drainage
management in Punjab.
The CSU team will be responsible for hydrological modelling of canal and groundwater to
evaluate spatial and temporal water dynamics, and hydro-economic modelling for policy
options at regional level water management, both in case of Pakistan and Australia. The CSU,
being the lead organization, will also be responsible for overall project planning, supervision,
and finalisation of the project outputs. In Pakistan, within PIDA, the Programme
Management and Implementation Unit (PMIU) will coordinate the activities, underpinned by
technical support from CSU and the Water Management Institute (WMI) of the University of
Agriculture Faisalabad (UAF). Management of inputs from PID and PIDA will be possible
through the Chief of Monitoring who has a line management role whereas the UAF inputs
will be managed through Dr Rai Niaz who has the critical line management role as the
Director of the Water Institute.
The PMIU has a responsibility to supervise the overall progress of the Lower Chenab Canal
System Rehabilitation Project under the JBIC project. Under this rehabilitation project, the
research and development responsibility is jointly shared by the PIDA / PARC Research and
Development Component of Lower Chenab Canal (LCC). This research and development
component has a multidisciplinary team, which includes agronomists, soil scientists,
irrigation scientists, plus other technical staff of 36 full time project staff along with 8 regular
senior staff of the Government to supervise the LCC component. Their services are
specifically designed to provide irrigation extension services to the farmers organizations
with particular emphasis on participatory demonstration, evaluation and exploration of
adoption pathways regarding promising on-farm water saving technologies. They are already
working closely with the FOs under the ongoing institutional reforms in the command area of
LCC. Such ongoing initiative will be helpful in testing hypothesis, evaluating ground
realities, synthesising lesson learned, and devising alternative policy options of the proposed
project under real field conditions.
The main constraint to implementing improved; i.e., more equitable and hydrologically
sustainable water management regimes will be persuading head-enders in the irrigation
systems to change some of the practices, and to relinquish some of the overuse of canal water.
In principle, to engender change, either head-enders must be provided with incentives, or
31
existing regulatory provisions must be enforced to make irrigators comply with existing water
allocation rules, or a mix of both. Already, there are a number of concurrent initiatives
underway to make water savings in the system for ensuring reliable supplies for the tailenders in the project area: (i) PIDA reforms that deals with the bylaws for improved irrigation
supplies, (ii) the Government of Pakistan initiative for the introduction of water smart
irrigation technologies in the irrigated agricultural areas on Pakistan and (iii) the Lower
Chenab Canal System Rehabilitation Project to remodel and rehabilitate the existing
irrigation canal systems and drainage systems of the LCC system in central Punjab for
meeting the present day irrigation demands. This ACIAR project is also aimed at supporting
these initiatives by identifying opportunities for equitable distribution of canal and
groundwater to improve livelihoods through maximizing crop production and managing
salinisation in irrigated landscapes.
Thus, the head-enders are already under pressure and well supported to only take their fair
share of the water resources under the new water monitoring unit initiative. Their real
incentive for them is to gain access to improved water management knowledge to cope with
less water and more efficiently use surface and ground water. Their participation is ensured
under the overall PIDA initiative in the Lower Chenab Canal to demonstrate feasibility of
applying existing water allocation rules with transparent decision support systems. However,
to engender change, head-enders must also be provided with incentives to relinquish a share
of their water. Enforcing bylaws, implementing system rehabilitation exercise, introducing
smart irrigation technologies and providing technical support may not be sufficient to
convince head-enders to relinquish a share of their water. A provision of an additional
incentive, in terms of bridging volume of irrigation supplies, may have to be introduced.
Bridging volume is a temporarily water allocation designed to give irrigators, who are
currently overusing canal water, i.e., head-enders, to adjust to the smart irrigation
technologies. These bridging volumes should cover the period normally required for
technology adoption.
Since early 2007, the Govt. of Punjab, through PIDA and PMIU, has initiated a rigorous
monitoring of actual water use in parts of the LCC. This has been made possible by the
installation of computerised, accurate water monitoring down to distributary level, exposing
any irrigator using more than their share of water. Infringements are relayed in real time using
SMS techniques. This has to date been very successful, and seemingly significantly increased
compliance, freeing up water for tail-enders. This has been greatly underpinned by the
concurrent rehabilitation and re-lining of water courses and distributaries through linked
donor funded programmes, further increasing the availability to water to all irrigators through
a very significant reduction of seepage losses. The second strategy is to demonstrate to
irrigators, particularly the head-enders, that there are a range of new soil and crop
management techniques that maintain yields and reduce e costs of production while
significantly decreasing irrigation water needs. These are proven technologies, and include
zero-tillage of wheat and cotton, choice of high value horticultural crops over more water
consuming crops like rice and sugar-cane, use of raised beds technology, laser levelling etc.
This project will address both strategies. In the first instance, the project will provide critical
technical ability to PMIU to make better use of the real time monitoring data to optimise
water use by building capacity within PMIU to use a range of modelling and decision support
tools, as well as providing advice on how to further finetune the monitoring regime. In the
second instance, PMIU and WMI / UAF will provide the needed technical and capacity
building support on the ground to FOs. Moreover, by linking with the PIDA / PARC R&D
Component of the LCC project funded by the Japan Bank for International Development, the
project will specifically assist in providing irrigation extension services to the FOs with
32
particular emphasis on participatory demonstration, evaluation and exploration of adoption

pathways regarding promising on-farm water saving technologies. As mentioned elsewhere in
this proposal, the main criteria for selecting the three distributaries (one each in head, middle,
and tail reach of the LCC system) will be to select the distributaries where the research and
development initiative is already in progress regarding surface water and ground water
aspects. However, considerations will also be given to the FOs that have a track record in
taking up PIDA initiative, and have demonstrated leadership in changing their water
management practices.
As indicated above, the proposed project will build on ongoing initiatives supporting the
privatisation of irrigation management in the Lower Chenab Canal. In summary, these
initiatives include:
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
The Japan Bank for International Development (JBIC) funded project for the
Lower Chenab Canal (LCC) ongoing initiative,
the Government of Pakistan initiative for the introduction of water smart irrigation
technologies in the irrigated agricultural areas on Pakistan ongoing initiative, and
The earlier research done with joint partnerships of ACIAR and various agencies
of the Government of Pakistan (e.g., ACIAR project on Conjunctive Water
Management - LWR1/1997/016).
This project strongly builds on the previous ACIAR project on Conjunctive Water
Management (LWR1/1997/016) which mainly focussed on the shallow and deep groundwater
pumping to aid local and regional drainage whereas this project aims to improve whole of the
irrigation system performance management through better use of surface and groundwater
allocation. The Coleambally Irrigation Area has been selected as a Regional Irrigation
Business Partnership under the CRC for Irrigation Futures (CRC IF) System Harmonisation
Program. The current CRC IF efforts are mainly focussed on improved channel operations for
perennial pastures and winter cropping options aimed at improved seasonality of flows and
producing grain for fuel.
SECTION 3: Project Objectives and Outputs

3.1
Objectives
The aim of this project is to identify opportunities for more equitable distribution of canal and
salinisation in irrigated landscapes. In particular, this project will focus on the following
specific objectives in Australia and Pakistan:
1. To develop tools capable of analysing hydrological and economic water management
trade-off scenarios using spatial crop, soil, water availability and water quality data. The
planned activities to achieve this objective are:
Activity 1.1: Collect and synthesise data regarding irrigated crops, water distribution,
groundwater uses, soil physiography, aquifer characteristics, and cropping pattern in the
command area of the LCC in Pakistan and CIA in Australia.
Activity 1.2: Explore major issues associated with water distribution; identify gaps in the
existing knowledge, planning and implementation; and articulate real aspirations for the
future of the region for a sustainable irrigated agricultural base and healthy catchments.
Activity 1.3: Undertake spatial and temporal hydrological analysis as a function of cropgroundwater-soil mix at farm and "distributary" and "minor" canal levels both in the LCC
and CIA.
33
Activity 1.4: Develop a hydrologic economic framework capable of scenario analysis for
more equitable, economically efficient and hydrologically sustainable distribution of
canal and groundwater at farm and "distributary" and "minor" canal levels both in the
LCC and CIA.
2. To develop improved canal and groundwater management options acceptable to
stakeholders by using the optimisation tools in a participatory mode with Farmer
Organisations in Pakistan and stakeholder groups in Australia. The planned activities to
achieve this objective are:
Activity 2.1: Conduct a preliminary analysis using hydrologic economic models for canal
and groundwater management in consultation with different stakeholders.
Activity 2.2: Develop crop-groundwater-soil mix scenarios while incorporating channel
operations and groundwater management response into an economic framework for
optimising water management.
Activity 2.3: Formulate policy options in water distribution while optimising canal and
groundwater management for maximizing crop production and managing salinisation.
management options in the study areas. The activities to achieve this objective are:
Activity 3.1: Conduct separate interviews and workshops with community participants
and groups of experts to better clarify the major issues in canal and groundwater
management.
Activity 3.2: Training workshops to assist Farmer Organisations in participatory
demonstrating, evaluating and exploring of adoption pathways regarding promising onfarm canal and groundwater management strategies, and water saving technologies.
Activity 3.3: Project dialogue with stakeholders and regulation agencies in the LCC and
CIA for wider adoption of the promising on-farm canal and groundwater management
strategies, and smart water saving technologies at different levels.
3.2
Outputs
The following table describes project outputs in the context project objectives using the
proposed methodology.
Outputs
Risks/Assumptions
Applications
Objective 1: To develop tools capable of analysing hydrological and economic water management
trade-off scenarios using spatial crop, soil, water availability and water quality data.
Activity 1.1: Collect and Benchmark
data Existing information Categorization
of
synthesise
data and
synthesis is sufficiently reliable. current state of water
regarding
irrigated describing current Stakeholders
may distribution and use in
crops, water distribution, state
of
water concern the usefulness the selected irrigation
groundwater uses, soil distribution and use of
targeted
field systems
both
in
physiography,
aquifer in the selected surveys to validate the Pakistan and Australia.
characteristics,
and irrigation systems existing information.
cropping pattern in the both in Pakistan
command area of the and Australia.
LCC in Pakistan and
CIA in Australia.
Activity 1.2: Explore Well documented Interests
among Identification of gaps
major issues associated water accounts at different stakeholders and opportunities for
with water distribution; the canal command (project
scientists, improvement in water
34
existing
knowledge,
planning
and
implementation;
and
articulate real aspirations
for the future of the
region for a sustainable
irrigated
agricultural
base
and
healthy
catchments.
hydrological analysis as
a function of cropgroundwater-soil mix at
farm and "distributary"
and "minor" canal levels
both in the LCC and
CIA.
Outputs
Risks/Assumptions
level for identifying agencies staff and
gaps
and community members)
opportunities
for may appear to be
improvement
in conflicting regarding
water distribution major issues, existing
in the selected gaps and promising
irrigation systems opportunities for canal
both in Pakistan and
groundwater
and Australia.
management.
Spatial maps of
water distribution
and third party
impacts such as
salinisation due to
inequity
of
distribution in the
selected irrigation
systems both in
Pakistan
and
Australia.
A
hydrologiceconomic modeling
framework capable
of
trade-off
scenario analysis of
water distribution
as a function of
crop-groundwatersoil mix at farm and
"distributary" and
"minor"
canal
levels both in the
LCC and CIA.
Existing
data
is
properly
georeferenced for use in
at
farm
and
"distributary"
and
"minor" canal levels
both in the LCC and
CIA.
Local capacity to
undertake modeling.
Applications
distribution
in the
selected
irrigation
systems
both
in
Pakistan and Australia.
Selection of hotspots
in the regional context
to improve livelihoods
through
optimizing
management,
maximizing
crop
production
and
in irrigated landscapes.

Availability of the
hydrologic
economic
modeling tools for
socio-economic
and
more
equitable,
as a function of cropeconomically efficient
groundwater-soil mix at
and
hydrologically
and "minor" canal
of
canal
and
levels both in the LCC
groundwater at farm and
and CIA.
"distributary"
and
"minor" canal levels
both in the LCC and
CIA.
Objective 2: To develop improved canal and groundwater management options acceptable to
stakeholders by using the optimisation tools in a participatory mode with Farmer Organisations
in Pakistan and stakeholder groups in Australia.
Activity 2.1: Conduct a Assessment
of The regulations are Information fed into
preliminary
analysis economic value for well documented and formalising alternative
using
hydrologic implementing
accessible.
policy options aimed at
economic models for existing
water
canal and groundwater policies
and
groundwater.
management
in identifying
consultation
with alternative policy
different stakeholders.
options in water
distribution.
Activity 2.2: Develop Development
of Interests
among Information fed into
optimum canal and project
scientists, formalising alternative
mix scenarios while groundwater
agencies staff and policy options aimed at
incorporating
channel distribution
community members optimising canal and
35
Outputs
Risks/Assumptions
Applications
operations
and strategies accepted may
differ
on groundwater.
groundwater
by stakeholders in deciding
optimum
management response the LCC in Pakistan canal
and
into
an
economic and
CIA
in groundwater
framework
for Australia.
distribution strategies.
optimising
water
management.
Activity 2.3 Formulate Policy
Different
policy Information and tools
policy options in water documentation and options would work ready for wider-scale
distribution
while adoption material better for different adoption of the optimal
optimising canal and for LCC and CIA.
stakeholders with the canal and groundwater
groundwater
same objective of management options in
management
for
maximizing
crop irrigated
agricultural
maximizing
crop
production
and areas.
production
and
managing salinisation.
economically efficient and hydrologically sustainable canal and groundwater management
options in the study areas.
Activity 3.1: Conduct Analysed
and Farmers and agencies Build confidence and
separate interviews and synthesised
staff are willing to trust among project
workshops
with findings
from provide
factual scientists, agency staff
community participants interviews
and information, and to and farmers to achieve
and groups of experts workshops
accept
groundwater the project objectives.
to better clarify the regarding the issues realities.
major issues in canal on
canal
and
and
groundwater groundwater
management.
management in the
selected irrigation
systems in Pakistan.
Activity 3.2: Training Training
and Aptitude of farmers Availability of the local
workshops to assist technology transfer towards on-farm canal agency staff for training
Farmer Organisations packages
for and
groundwater and technology transfer
in
participatory Farmers
management
to farmers from the LCC
demonstrating,
Organizations/
strategies, and water in Pakistan and the CICL
evaluating
and Water
User saving technologies.
in Australia.
exploring of adoption Associations,
in
pathways
regarding Pakistan.
promising
on-farm
and
water
saving
technologies.
Activity 3.3: Project Successfully
Geo-political
Demonstration of field
dialogue
with demonstrated,
correctness of the laboratories
of
stakeholders
and evaluated
and proposed policies and successful adoption of
regulation agencies in explored adoption their
adoption promising on-farm canal
the LCC and CIA for pathways regarding pathways
for and
groundwater
wider adoption of the promising on-farm optimizing canal and management strategies,
promising
on-farm canal
and groundwater
and
water
saving
canal and groundwater groundwater
management in the technologies.
36
technologies
at
different levels.
Outputs
Risks/Assumptions
management
LCC and CIA.
strategies,
and
water
saving
technologies.
Applications
SECTION 4: Planned Impacts and Adoption Pathways

4.1
Expected economic impact
In Pakistan, the economic payoffs of applying optimising canal and groundwater

management options are anticipated to accrue from three main mechanisms:
Firstly, given that in the water distributions approach to be used, economic optimisation is an
implicit outcome, the aggregate value of crop production is likely to be higher than the
current aggregate production. On an individual farmer basis, this might result in a few
privileged farmers close to the canal not necessarily making gains or even losing some of
their productivity and income, but proportionally more farmers standing to benefit through
increased crop productivity and hence incomes further away from the canal.
The second mechanism by which economic gains will be generated is by enabling a better
return on the Government of Pakistans current investment in relining distributary
watercourses, as the improved delivery of water can be coupled to increased crop water use
efficiency.
Thirdly, as the improved distribution of water is also explicitly designed to address the issue
of salinisation, economic benefits are also likely to accrue through cost reductions arising out
of a reduced need to rehabilitate or reclaim salt-affect irrigation lands. The order of
magnitude of these economic benefits will be determined in the course of the project.
The key Australian economic benefit will be reduced third party salinity costs due to rational
augmentation of surface and ground water. The policy options developed under the project
could lead to a better mix of perennial and annual crops leading optimisation of economic
returns from limited surface and ground water supplies.
The potential benefits and their respective assumptions are summarised in the Table below:
Description
Australia
Pakistan
Value or Quantity
Time Frame
3% to 5% increase in crop 2-10 years
yields in 50% (~20,000ha) of
the area in Coleambally
Irrigation Area (CIA), which
will generate an additional
net income of AU $262,500
per year.
3 5 percent increase in crop 2-10 years
yield in 15% to 20% of the
area of three tributaries (total
area of the three tributaries is
about 170,000 ha), which
will generate an additional
net
income
of
AU$255,000/year
Beneficiary
Stakeholders in CIA
Stakeholders in LCC
37
For Pakistan, primary economic benefits are based on the current gross margin and cropping
patterns in the project area. The LCC serves around 1.24 Mha, whereas the size of the three
tributaries, where project is going to be implemented is about 170,000 ha. The results of the
optimisation model, accommodating the equity issue based on matching soils and climatic
conditions, will result better crop mixes. This will also result increased crop production and
water use efficiencies. It is anticipated that the project will immediately impact on 20% area
of the three tributaries, assuming 3 -5 percent increase in crop yields with better crop mixes.
The project is expected to generate additional income of Rs. 375 (AU $7.5/ha), which
translates into Rs. 12.75 million per year (AU$ 255,000 per year). The project is also
expected to generate considerable secondary economic benefits by replication of the project
model in the entire LCC (or across the whole irrigation area in the Punjab). Assuming 20% of
the entire LCC area got benefited from the project interventions, the conservative estimates,
which are based on 1.5% increases in yield and changes in the cropping mix, show that the
project will generate about Rs.36 million per year or AU$720,000 per year.
It should be noted that the yield increases assumed are conservative. In reality yield increases
will be larger as water freed up by more efficient allocation is used to reclaim salinised land
currently out of production. Moreover, very big potential benefits will accrue as PIDA
extends the project results beyond the LCC to all of the Punjabs irrigation areas.
4.2
Other impacts
4.2.1 Research and/or extension capacity

The anticipated capacity building impacts of the project are two-fold. Firstly, the project will
enable PIDA to more effectively engage with FOs and provide better support, by using the
hydro-economic optimisation tool for future scenario analysis in other command areas as the
devolution of water management to FOs progresses. Secondly, the FOs involved in the
project will also be trained and empowered to more equitably and effectively manage their
water resources. This project will also build capacity in PIDA to integrate canal operations
data with the ground water management at the canal command level through targeted training
in Australia and Pakistan.
4.2.2 Social
The key social impact will be reduced social tensions among different stakeholder through
equitable water distribution and reduced third part impacts. This will result in improved
irrigator behaviour towards efficient irrigation management. The more rational, flexible and
equitable distribution of water within farmers organisations is also expected to increase
overall food production in the command area, thus increasing food security.
Description
Australia
Pakistan
4.2.3 Environmental
Value or Quantity
Time Frame
Reduction
of
tension, 4-10 years
improve property values,
positive
behaviour
of
irrigators
Reduction of water use 4-10 years
conflicts, improve water
management behaviour, and
equitable water distribution.
Beneficiary
Stakeholders in CIA
Stakeholders in LCC
38
The environmental impact of this research in both countries is anticipated to be reduced

incidence of land and water salinisation and the potential to rehabilitate salinity-affected areas
in the longer term. The more efficient use of water and land resources is also likely to reduce
adverse downstream impacts due to enhanced quality of return flows.
Description
Australia
Pakistan
Value or Quantity
Time Frame
Increased
environmental 4-10 years
flows by 5 7 percent.
10 15 percent (1000-1500
ha) reduction in salinity area
(> 2 dS/m), which will
provide
an
additional
revenue of 3 4 percent or
AU$18,750/year.
Around 20% of the area in 4-10 years
LCC is under salinity (> 2
dS/m). The projects will
reduce salinity on 10% to
15% of the area. The will
help to increase agricultural
income by 2 -3 percent
(AU$51,000).
Beneficiary
Stakeholders in CIA
Stakeholders in LCC
4.2.4 Scientific
This project will develop and use, for the first time in the history of canal and groundwater
management in Pakistan, the hydrologic-economic modeling tools capable of scenario
analysis of water distribution as a function of crop-groundwater-soil mix at farm and
"distributary" and "minor" canal levels both in the LCC and CIA. Using participatory
approaches, the project will also assist Farmers Organizations and PIDA staff for
demonstrating and evaluating adoption pathways regarding: (i) promising on-farm canal and
groundwater management strategies that would ensure more equitable, economically efficient
and hydrologically sustainable distribution, and (ii) on-farm water saving technologies
already developed elsewhere (e.g. laser-levelling; raised beds; zero-till planting etc.).
4.3
Adoption pathways and related communication and dissemination strategies
More generally, both in Australia and Pakistan the project is will be based on an action
research design focused on comparative analysis to help achieve ready participation by the
end users. The crux of action research is cyclic learning (Lewin, 1947; Kemmis and
McTaggart, 1988; Lucket, et al., 2001) often characterised by systematic approaches, and
collaboration with local communities. It is an appropriate tool for social research (Greenwood
and Lewin, 1998; Gibbs, 2002), and particularly useful for focusing efforts to improve the
quality of organisations and their performance. Like systems methodologies (Checkland,
1999; Bawden, 2005), action research credits researchers (and participants) with the ability to
successively apply knowledge as it is acquired through the research process. For purposes of
this project, an overarching action research design is preferred as it readily accommodates
acquisition and integration of knowledge from hard systems (formal institutions, hydraulic
function, and infrastructure) and soft systems (social institutions and influencing factors).
39
This allows successive research cycles within the project to build on each other while
working with key stakeholders.
The project will build on the strong track record of different federal and provincial
organizations in participatory irrigation management, particularly, the current initiatives by
Government of Punjab through PIDA, Punjab. The PMIU is already working closely with the
FOs under the ongoing institutional reforms in the command area of LCC. Such ongoing
initiative will be helpful in testing hypotheses, evaluating ground realities, synthesising
lessons learned, and devising alternative policy options of the proposed project under real
field conditions. As also mentioned in section 2.2, through the link to the PIDA / PARC R&D
Component of LCC, the extension services under that initiative will particularly include
participatory demonstration, evaluation and exploration of adoption pathways regarding
promising on-farm water saving technologies already developed elsewhere (e.g. laserlevelling; raised beds; zero-till planting etc.). The focus on demonstrating improved irrigation
practices is through 85 FOs in the LCC. The same path will be selected by the project and for
effective communication with the FOs.
As outlined in section 2.2 and 5.1, the focus of the project in Pakistan will be to provide proof
of concept in willingness and ability of end-users (FOs, PIDA) to implement more equitable
and hydrologically sustainable water allocation procedures at a local level. This will require
clear identification and targeting of FOs that have a track record and leadership in changing
their water management practices. This also requires careful consideration of size of target
area, which needs to be large enough to address a water distribution network, but not too
large as to lose local specificity and relevance to individual irrigators. These aspects have
been discussed with PIDA and PMIU who have identified suitable FOs willing to work with
the project team and help implement project findings.
Beyond the role of the PMIU in working directly with FOs, the University of Agriculture
Faisalabad will also build on its existing collaboration with the On-Farm Water Management
Directorate within the Dept. of Agriculture, which has been a leader in implementing the
project on relining of water courses and in promoting resource conserving technologies like
laser levelling, raised bed farming and zero-tillage. This informal link will further enhance
the dissemination of project results to farmers in the target areas of the LCC.
In Australia, CSU and the Project Leader have had a longstanding association with the
Coleambally Irrigation Cooperative Limited (CICL). As the CICL is based on irrigator
participation through shares in the company and representation on the board, this will
facilitate ready adoption of research findings.
The project will have a high level advisory committee comprising of representatives from
JBIC, PIDA, Punjab On Farm Water Management and the Engineering University Lahore.
The key function of this group will be to ensure ready adoption and links with the other
activities in the agriculture water management.
4.4
Response to ACIAR Board Questions
1. Identify and explore possible incentives for head-enders to relinquish a share of their
water.
The main constraint to implementing improved, i.e., more equitable and hydrologically
sustainable water management regimes will be persuading head-enders in the irrigation
systems to change their irrigation practices, and to relinquish some of the overuse of canal
40
water. In principle, to engender change, either head-enders must be provided with incentives,
or existing regulatory provisions must be enforced to make irrigators comply with existing
water allocation rules, or a mix of both.
Already, there are number of concurrent initiatives underway to make water savings in the
system for ensuring reliable supplies for the tail-enders in the project area: (i) PIDA reforms
that deals with the bylaws for improved irrigation supplies, (ii) the Government of Pakistan
incentives for water smart irrigation technologies in the irrigated agricultural areas on
Pakistan and (iii) the Lower Chenab Canal System Rehabilitation Project to remodel and
rehabilitate the existing irrigation canal systems and drainage systems of the LCC system in
central Punjab for meeting the present day irrigation demands. This ACIAR project is aimed
at supporting these initiatives by identifying opportunities for equitable distribution of canal
and groundwater to improve livelihoods through maximizing crop production and managing
salinisation in irrigated landscapes.
Thus, the head-enders are already under pressure and well supported to only take their fair
share of the water resources under the new water monitoring unit initiative. The real incentive
for them is to gain access to improved water management knowledge to cope with less water
and more efficiently use surface and ground water. Their participation is ensured under the
overall PIDA initiative in the Lower Chenab Canal to demonstrate feasibility of applying
existing water allocation rules with a transparent decision support systems. However, to
engender change, head-enders must also be provided with incentives to relinquish a share of
their water. Enforcing bylaws, implementing system rehabilitation exercise, introducing smart
irrigation technologies and providing technical support may not be sufficient to convince
head-enders to relinquish a share of their water. A provision of an additional incentive, in
terms of bridging volume of irrigation supplies, may have to be introduced. Bridging volume
is a temporarily water allocation designed to give irrigators, who are currently overusing
canal water, i.e., head-enders, to adjust to the smart irrigation technologies. These bridging
volumes should cover the period normally required for technology adoption.
Since early 2007, the Government of Punjab, through PIDA and PMIU, has initiated a
rigorous monitoring of actual water use in parts of the LCC. This has been made possible by
the installation of computerised, accurate water monitoring down to distributary level,
exposing any irrigator using more than their share of water. Infringements are relayed in real
time using SMS techniques. This has to date been very successful, and seemingly
significantly increased compliance, freeing up water for tail-enders. This has been greatly
underpinned by the concurrent rehabilitation and re-lining of water courses and distributaries
through linked donor funded programmes, further increasing the availability to water to all
irrigators through a very significant reduction of seepage losses. The second strategy is to
demonstrate to irrigators, particularly the head-enders, that there are a range of new soil and
crop management techniques that maintain yields and reduce e costs of production while
significantly decreasing irrigation water needs. These are proven technologies, and include
zero-tillage of wheat and cotton, choice of high value horticultural crops over more water
consuming crops like rice and sugarcane, use of raised beds technology, laser levelling etc.
This project will address both strategies. In the first instance, the project will provide critical
technical ability to PMIU to make better use of the real time monitoring data to optimise
water use by building capacity within PMIU to use a range of modelling and decision support
tools, as well as providing advice on how to further finetune the monitoring regime. In the
second instance, PMIU and WMI / UAF will provide the needed technical and capacity
building support on the ground to FOs. Moreover, by linking with the PIDA / PARC R&D
Component of the LCC project funded by the Japan Bank for International Development, the
41
project will specifically assist in providing irrigation extension services to the FOs with
particular emphasis on participatory demonstration, evaluation and exploration of adoption
pathways regarding promising on-farm water saving technologies.
2. Clarify assumptions for economic analysis and better quantify potential economic impacts
in Pakistan
For Pakistan, primary economic benefits are based on the current gross margin and cropping
patterns in the project area. The LCC serves around 1.24 Mha, whereas the size of the three
tributaries, where project is going to be implemented is about 170,000 ha. The adoption of
results of the optimisation model, accommodating the equity issue based on matching soils
and climatic conditions, will result in better crop mixes. This will also result increased crop
production and water use efficiencies. It is anticipated that the project will immediately
impact on 20% area of the three tributaries, assuming 3 -5 percent increase in crop yields
with better crop mixes. The project is expected to generate additional income of Rs. 375 (AU
$7.5/ha), which translates into Rs. 12.75 million per year (AU$ 255,000 per year). The
project is also expected to generate considerable secondary economic benefits by replication
of the project results in the entire LCC (or across the whole irrigation area in the Punjab).
Assuming 20% of the entire LCC area would get benefits from the project interventions, the
conservative estimates, which are based on to 1.5% in yield and changes in the cropping mix,
show that the project will generate about Rs.36 million per year or AU$720,000 per year.
3. Describe line management of project activities in Pakistan
Provision has been made in the project document to assign line management responsibility to
staff members, who are directly involved with the project activities. Water Policy Analyst
(TBA) at UAF for 36 months and Irrigation Agronomist (TBA) at PMIU for 24 months will
share the responsibilities of project coordindation as Project Manager -Fields. The main
responsibility of the project Manager -Fields is to make sure that Australian team gets the
required data and technical support from the project team in Pakistan. During the first year of
project operation, Project Manager -Fields will liaison from PMIU office in Lahore. For the
rest of three years of project operations, Project Manager -Fields will liaison from UAF that
will act as project field office in the LCC area.
SECTION 5: Project Operations
5.1
Methodology
The planning for irrigation water management in an irrigation scheme consists of the
preparation of an allocation plan for distribution of land and water resources to different
crops up to tertiary or farm level, and water delivery schedules in terms of timing and amount
of water delivery for this allocation plan according to the set objectives/targets. One of the
oldest problems in this planning has been how to divide the shared and limited water
resources among the multiple users efficiently and equitably by addressing the social,
economic, and political issues, while considering the heterogeneity in soils, crops, and
climate and complexity of the water distribution system (Chambers 1988; Gorantiwar and
Smout 2003; and Unal et al. 2004).
On the basis of dealing with the performance measures such as productivity and equity, these
methodologies can be classified in three categories as:
42
Methodologies aiming for only optimum productivity;

Methodologies aiming for optimum productivity while addressing the issue of equity;
and
Methodologies aiming for optimum productivity and/or maximum equity.
Much of the literature on allocation of land and water resources focused on the first category,
i.e., optimizing productivity (Yaron and Dinar 1982; Rao et al., 1990; Paul et al. 2000, and
Sahoo et al., 2001). The models used in these studies were of single field type. Therefore
these models could not consider the distribution of resources land to be irrigated and water by
allocation units or fields and hence the water delivery schedules for the allocation plans were
not discussed. Therefore the issue of equity was not addressed.
Previous studies that used the multi-field type of models; like, Sritharan et al., 1988 and
Shyam et al., 1994, to produce the allocation plans and water delivery schedules for each
allocation unit. These studies discussed or estimated the performance measure of equity for
the optimum allocation plan, as they obtained the distribution of the resources by allocation
unit. The methodologies included in these models fall in the second category of
methodologies, which optimize productivity while addressing the issue of equity. However
these models did not aim for optimization or maximization of the equity.
The consideration of equity in the process of area and water allocation itself third category is
an important social aspect of irrigation water management (Abernethy, 1986 and Chambers,
1988) and hence needs to be included while developing the allocation plans. Although some
of the studies addressed the issue of equity as elaborated above, its consideration was limited
to allocating water to a previously cultivated area, or equitable water allocation was estimated
outside the allocation process. However the local situations may need maximizing equity,
while optimizing the productivity. Notionally, equitable water supply is the main feature of
the Warabandi water distribution system practiced LCC in Pakistan (Malhotra, 1982) and in
central India (Mandavi, 1988). However, as mentioned earlier, the inequity in the Mogha
System arises from the tempering of the Mogha as well as by cutting of channels to obtain
additional water resources through criminal means. This creates inequity among users as well
as failure to implement existing water rules. In addition, several other institutional and
technical factors have contributed to make the flow conditions in the canal system
increasingly variable (Bandaragoda, 1996).
5.1 Modelling approaches
Equity in general may be defined as the allocation and delivery of an equitable share of water
to the users throughout the irrigation scheme based on certain criteria such as a fixed
proportion according to the land holdings of different farmers (Sunil et al., 2006).
The aim of the hydro-economic modelling is to analyse a variety of hydrologically improved,
economically viable and equitable irrigation policy options. The aim of the hydrological sub
models such as SWAGMAN and MODFLOW/MT3D generate the irrigation strategies for
different irrigation policies, and simulate the crop yield from irrigating different crops on
different soils in different allocation units for these irrigation strategies (Figure 1).
43
Figure 1: Modelling Framework

The aim of the economic sub models is to generate and simulate total net benefits based on
crop yield simulations from irrigating different crops on different soils in different allocation
units for these irrigation strategies.
The main aim of the hydro-economic modelling is to develop the allocation plan and the
water delivery schedules for the operational objective of maximizing the output (total net
benefits or crop yield) within different physical and resource restrictions.
Later, the hydro-economic model and procedure would be developed to include maximization
of equity while optimizing the productivity through total net benefits. In all these systems
optimization of total production or net benefits is the inherent objective, which is enveloped
by the objective of maximizing equity. As these performance measures conflict with each
other, optimizing one performance measure may weaken another performance measure. Thus
it is also necessary to know the tradeoffs of optimizing one performance measure on the
other.
44
Based on this general approach the activity plan for the project is given below.
5.2 Activity plan
- Literature review regarding canal, groundwater, soil and crop issues at farm and
"distributary" and "minor" canal levels in the LCC and CIA.
- Collect and synthesis facts and figures from existing data sources and available
reports in the LCC and CIA.
- Develop database of irrigated crops, water distribution, groundwater uses, soil
physiography, aquifer characteristics, and cropping pattern in the LCC and CIA.
- Conduct preliminary interviews with selected scientists and regulation agencies staff
from different disciplines, and community members.
- Document findings on: (i) major issues associated with water distribution, (ii) gaps in
the existing knowledge, planning and implementation of on-farm water management,
and (iii) important features that constitute resilient irrigation communities and
environments for better on-farm water management.
Activity 1.3: Undertake spatial and temporal hydrological analysis as a function of cropgroundwater-soil mix at "distributary" and "minor" canal level both in the LCC and CIA.
- Update the developed database of irrigated crops, water distribution, groundwater
uses, soil physiography, aquifer characteristics, and cropping pattern in the LCC and
CIA. This task will be assisted by field studies for water accounting to synthesise
facts (both spatially and temporally) in canal and groundwater distribution at farm and
"distributary" and "minor" canal levels both in the LCC and CIA. This water
accounting would lead to optimised management of these water resources for
assisting water user associations in maximizing crop production and managing
salinisation in Australia and Pakistan.
- Prepare and analyse spatial and temporal hydrological maps of water distribution as a
function of crop-groundwater-soil mix at "distributary" and "minor" canal level both
in the LCC and CIA. This spatial and temporal hydrological analysis will help
developing a hydrologic economic framework capable of trade-off scenario analysis
of water distribution as a function of crop-groundwater-soil mix at farm and
"distributary" and "minor" canal levels both in the LCC and CIA.
more equitable, economically efficient and hydrologically sustainable distribution of canal
and groundwater at farm and "distributary" and "minor" canal levels both in the LCC and
CIA.
- Develop a hydrologic economic framework capable of trade-off scenario analysis of
optimising canal and groundwater management given the crop-groundwater-soil mix
as a function of distance to canal and socio-economic parameters.
- Use existing models i.e. SWAGMAN and MODFLOW/MT3D to develop on-farm
water and salt balance linked with the regional groundwater flow and capacity. The
SWAGMAN Farm model is a farm scale Salt, Water and Groundwater Management
model linked with economics and was developed by Khan et al. (2007).
45
MODFLOW/MT3D is a modular 3-dimensional ground water flow model developed

by USGS and is capable of modelling groundwater flow and salt movement at the
farm and canal command level.
Quantifying groundwater recharge remains one of the key problems in hydrologic
research, but its evaluation is essential. Recharge varies spatially and temporally and
is one of the most difficult, complex, and uncertain hydrologic parameters to quantify
in the water budget. Land use has a major influence on the amount of precipitation
that is used and hence on potential recharges rates. Accurate land use maps derived
from remote sensing images will be used to evaluate the effect of land use and landuse change on groundwater recharge using data from the LCC and CIA.
Estimates of vertical recharge will be obtained using the one-dimensional, farm scale
water balance model SWAGMAN (Khan et al 2007). The input parameters required
for SWAGMAN are weather, water table, land use, soil and hydrogeology of the
irrigation area. Extensive piezometric networks will be used to monitor water levels
under each land use to calculate drainage values (mm/day) for each hydro-geologic
unit in the LCC and CIA. SWAGMAN simulations will be carried out for all land
uses within each land management unit. SWAGMAN results will be used in a 3-D
surface groundwater interaction model (MODFLOW) to represent the recharge matrix
for the mix of land uses.
Develop a hydro-economic modelling framework based on the VENSIM modelling
system. VENSIM is a system dynamics modelling software suitable for modelling
node-link distribution of LCC and CIA. The VENSIM software allows simulation of
water and economic balances at the irrigation channel level in scenario analysis
environment. Outputs from the SWAGMAN and MODFLOW/MT3D will be used as
input to the VENSIM model. Model input and output data sets will be stored in a GIS
format. The recharge, solute flux and water saving functions will be derived from a
farm scale hydrologic economic model. The sub-regional supply (canal) surface and
groundwater interaction functions will be derived using a MODFLOW approach.
VENSIM model will be used to simulate water allocation scenarios.
Activity 2.1: Conduct a preliminary analysis using hydrologic economic models

(SWAGMAN Farm and VENSIM) for canal and groundwater management in consultation
with different stakeholders.
- Conduct a preliminary analysis for canal and groundwater management in the CIA
and LCC.
- Consult different stakeholder for feedback on the preliminary analysis results.
- This task will be assisted by field studies for water accounting at farm and
"distributary" and "minor" canal levels both in the LCC and CIA.
operations and groundwater management response into an economic framework (VENSIM)
for optimising water management.
- Prepare scenarios for hydrologic economic modeling given the crop-groundwater-soil
mix as a function of distance to canal and socio-economic parameters.
- Conduct scenario analysis for identifying alternative policy options in water
distribution.
- Prepare policy options to optimise canal and groundwater management options.
- Consult different stakeholders to get feedback on the prepared management options
for maximizing crop production and managing salinisation.
46
Produce policy briefs to inform decision makers about policy options accepted by
stakeholders
Activity 3.1: Conduct separate interviews and workshops with community participants and
groups of experts to better clarify the major issues in canal and groundwater management.
- Organise interviews and workshops with community participants and groups of
experts to better clarify the major issues in canal and groundwater management.
- Organise a joint year-end workshop to resolve differences between the experts and
farmers
- Analyse and synthesise findings from interviews and workshops.
demonstrating, evaluating and exploring adoption pathways regarding promising on-farm
canal and groundwater management strategies, and water saving technologies.
- Prepare training modules, and conduct training year-end workshop in LCC.
Activity 3.3: Project dialogue with stakeholders and regulation agencies in the LCC and CIA
for wider adoption of the promising on-farm canal and groundwater management strategies,
and smart water saving technologies at different levels.
- Conduct project dialogue meeting in LCC and CIA.
- Organise project-end workshop in Lahore, Pakistan inviting scientists, policymakers,
water managers and farmers.
5.2
Schedule
Tasks
Time line
Milestones
Revised
Revised
and synthesise data
regarding irrigated
crops, water
distribution,
LCC command area.
- Literature
review
regarding canal,
groundwater,
soil and crop
issues at farm
and
"distributary"
and "minor"
canal levels.
Yr 1, m 1-3
Discussion
paper
drafted
- Collect and
synthesise facts
and figures
from existing
data sources
and available
reports.
Yr 1, m 1-6
Preliminary
report
drafted
Initial
database
developed
Develop Yr 1, m 1database
of 12
irrigated crops,
water
distribution,
47
Tasks
Time line
Milestones
groundwater
uses,
soil
physiography,
aquifer
characteristics,
and
cropping
pattern.
existing
knowledge,
planning
and
implementation;
and
articulate
real
aspirations for the
agricultural base and
healthy catchments.
Conduct Yr 2, m 1-6
preliminary
interviews with
selected
scientists and
regulation
agencies staff
from different
disciplines, and
community
members.
Document
findings on: (i)
major
issues
associated with
water
distribution, (ii)
gaps in the
existing
knowledge,
planning
and
implementation
of
on-farm
water
management,
and
(iii)
important
features
that
constitute
resilient
irrigation
communities
and
environments
for better onfarm
water
management.
Report
prepared on:
(i)
major
issues
associated
with water
distribution,
(ii) gaps in
the existing
knowledge,
planning
and
implementat
ion of onfarm water
management
, and (iii)
important
features that
constitute
resilient
irrigation
communitie
s
and
environment
s for better
on-farm
water
management
.
Revised
Revised
48
Tasks

at
farm
and
"distributary"
and
the LCC command
area.
- Update the Yr 2, m 1- Preliminary

developed
12
report
database
of
drafted
irrigated crops,
water
distribution,
groundwater
uses,
soil
physiography,
aquifer
characteristics,
and
cropping
pattern.
- Prepare spatial Yr 2, m 7- Preliminary

and
temporal 12
report
hydrological
drafted
maps of water
distribution as a
function
of
cropgroundwatersoil mix at
"distributary"
and
"minor"
canal level.
- Develop a Yr 3, m 1-3
hydrologic
economic
framework
capable
of
trade-off
scenario
analysis
of
optimising
canal
and
groundwater
management
given the cropgroundwatersoil mix as a
function
of
distance
to
parameters.

hydrologic economic
more
equitable,
and
hydrologically
of
canal
and
groundwater at farm
and "distributary" and
the LCC command
area.
Time line
Milestones
Modeling
framework
developed
Revised
Revised
49
Tasks
Time line
Milestones
Revised
Revised
irrigators.
preliminary
analysis
using
hydrologic
economic models for
management
in
consultation
with
in the LCC command
area.

mix scenarios while
operations
and
groundwater
management response
into
an
economic
framework
for
optimising
water
management in the
LCC command area.
- Conduct a Yr 3, m 4-9
preliminary
analysis
for
canal
and
groundwater
management.
Preliminary
report
drafted
- This task will Yr 3, m 1- Preliminary

be assisted by 12
report
field studies for
drafted
water
accounting at
farm
and
"distributary"
and
"minor"
canal levels.
Consult
different
stakeholder for
feedback on the
preliminary
analysis results
Prepare Yr 3, m 10- Preliminary

scenarios
for 12
report
hydrologic
drafted
economic
modeling given
the
function
of
distance
to
parameters.
Conduct
scenario
analysis
for
identifying
alternative
policy options
in
water
distribution.
Activity 2.3: Formulate - Prepare policy Yr 4, m 1-6
Yr 5, m Prepare
1-6
scenarios for
hydrologic
economic
modeling
given
the
function
of
distance
to
canal
and
socioeconomic
parameters.
Conduct
scenario
analysis
for
identifying
alternative
policy options
in
water
distribution.
Report
50
Tasks
Time line

distribution
while
groundwater
management
for
maximizing
crop
production
and
in the LCC command
area.
options
to
optimise canal
and
groundwater
management
options.
Consult
different
stakeholders to
get feedback on
the
prepared
management
options
for
maximizing
crop production
and managing
salinisation.
Milestones
Revised
Revised
prepared on
policy
options for
defining
more
equitable,
economicall
y efficient
and
hydrological
ly
sustainable
strategies to
manage
canal
and
groundwater
in CIA and
LCC.
in the study areas.
Activity 3.1: Conduct
workshops
with
and groups of experts
to better clarify the
major issues in canal
and
groundwater
management in the
LCC command area.
Organise Yr 1, m 6- Preliminary
interviews and 11
report
workshops with
drafted
community
participants and
groups
of
experts
to
better
clarify
the major issues
in canal and
groundwater
management.
- Organise a Yr 1, m 12
joint year-end
workshop
to
resolve
differences
between
the
experts
and
farmers.
- Analyse and
synthesise
findings from
interviews and
workshops.
Activity 3.2: Training -
Prepare Yr 2, m 12
Report
prepared on
the
stakeholders
perceptions
regarding
the
major
issues
in
canal
and
groundwater
management
Workshop
Yr 5, m -
Prepare
51
Tasks
workshops to assist
Farmer Organisations
in
participatory
demonstrating,
evaluating
and
exploring
adoption
pathways
regarding
promising
on-farm
and
water
saving
technologies.
dialogue
with
stakeholders
and
regulation agencies in
the LCC for wider
adoption
of
the
promising
on-farm
technologies
at
different levels.
5.3
Trip
No.
Time line
Milestones
Revised
Revised
training
modules, and
conduct training
year-end
workshop
in
LCC.
organised
7-9
Prepare Yr 3, m 12
training
modules, and
conduct training
year-end
workshop
in
LCC.
Workshop
organised
Yr 5. m Prepare
10-12
training
modules, and
conduct
in LCC.
Conduct Yr 4, m 6
project dialogue
meeting
in
LCC.
Project
dialogue
meeting
organised
Organise Yr 4, m 12
project-end
workshop
in
Lahore,
Pakistan
inviting
scientists,
policymakers,
water managers
and farmers.
Project-end Yr 6, m 3
workshop
and
its
proceedings
are
compiled for
wider
disseminatio
n.
training
modules, and
conduct
in LCC.
Organise
project-end
workshop in
Lahore,
Pakistan
inviting
scientists,
policymakers,
water
managers and
farmers.
Travel table
Person(s)
Position
or Approximate From / To
date of travel
PART A Commissioned Organisation

1
Project leader and Yr 1, m 1
project scientists (2)
2
Project Leader and Yr 1, m 6

Project scientists (3)


Wagga
Wagga
Lahore
Wagga
Wagga
Lahore
Wagga
Wagga
Lahore
Wagga
Wagga
Lahore
Purpose
Project
/ planning
Duration
(days)
7
Project
14
/ planning and
training
Training and 14
/ year-end
workshop
Project
7
/ planning and
training
Revised
Travel
Table
52
Trip
No.
Person(s)
Position
or Approximate From / To
date of travel





PART B Overseas Partner Organisation/s

7
Project scientists (3) Yr 1, m 3
8
Yr 2, m 6
Yr 3, m 6
Purpose
Duration
(days)
Wagga
Wagga
Lahore
Wagga
Wagga
Lahore
Wagga
Wagga
Lahore
Wagga
Wagga
Lahore
Wagga
Wagga
Lahore
Training and
/ year-end
workshop
Mid
term
/ project
review
Training and
/ Year-end
workshop
Mid
term
/ project
review
Training and
/ Project-end
workshop
Lahore
Wagga
Wagga
Lahore
Wagga
Wagga
Lahore
Wagga
Wagga
/ Training and 60
procedure
verification
/ Training and 60
analysis
Revised
Travel
Table
14
14
7
14
7
/ Training and 60
analysis
5.4
Intellectual properties and other regulatory compliance
There are no intellectual property and other regulatory compliance concerns in the project.
Information generated, technologies tested and model developed will be handed over to the
respective stakeholders to facilitate their implementation and adoption.
5.5
Project personnel
(i)
List of participants involved in the project
Australian Commissioned and collaborating Organisations (or IARC)

Name
Sex Agency & Discipline & Role
Position
Time input Funding

(%)
John Blackwell
CSU,
Professor
Water Management
20
CSU
Dr Richard Claus
CSU,
Resource
Economist
Economics,
Economic
analysis and resource use
optimisation
20
CSU
Dr. JF Punthakey
CSU,
Water
Systems
Analyst
Hydrology, System dynamics

modelling,
system
optimisation
50
CSU
53
Partner country institution(s) or collaborating IARC

Name
Sex
Agency & Position Discipline & Role
Time input
(%)
Funding
Habib Ullah
Bodla
Programme
Monitoring and
Implementation
Unit (PMIU), Chief
Monitoring
Surface Water
Expert
30
PID
Dr.
Muhammad
Abid Bodla
P&D Department,
Member
Engineering
Groundwater
resource
management
PIDA
Dr.
Muhammad
Riaz
Programme
Monitoring and
Implementation
Unit (PMIU),
Director (Gauges)
Project Leader in
Pakistan
50
PID
Ch. Abdul
Shakoor
Programme
Monitoring and
Implementation
Unit (PMIU),
Deputy Director
Monitoring
35
PID
Shakeel
Ahmad
Programme
Monitoring and
Implementation
Unit (PMIU), ADM
PMIU
Monitoring
35
PID
Sajid
Mehmood
Programme
Monitoring and
Implementation
Unit (PMIU), ADM
PMIU
Monitoring
35
PID
Dr
Muhammad
Javaid
Punjab Irrigation
Department,
Groundwater
Specialist
Hydrology,
Groundwater data
provision and
G.W. quality
management
specialist
35
PID
Zakir Hassan
Sial
Punjab Irrigation
Department,
Groundwater
Specialist
Hydrology,
Groundwater data
provision and
G.W. quality
management
specialist
20
PID
Azhar Javaid
Punjab Irrigation
Department,
Groundwater
Salinity and
groundwater
management, Data
35
PID
54
Specialist
provision and
modelling
Tahir
Mahmood
Punjab Irrigation
Department, Soil
Scientist
Soil Science, Soils

database
development and
salinity issues
40
PID
Basharat Ullah
Punjab Irrigation
Department,,
Agronomist
Agronomy, crops
database
development
40
PID
Khaliq Dad
PIDA, Manager
Social Mobilisation
Social impacts
40
PID
Captain M
Salam
FO Yakkar,
President
Demonstration
workshops
30
PIDA
Prof. Dr Rai M
Niaz Ahmad
UAAF, Professor Co-project leader

and
Vice in Pakistan
Chancellor
30
UAF
Dr.
Sher M
Muhammad
UAF,
Director, Agricultural
Division
of extension,
Education
& technology
Extension
transfer
and
demonstration to
farmers
25
UAF
Water
M/F
technologies
and Allocation
Specialist
UAF,
Scientist
100
UAF
Dr.
Muhammad
Arshad
UAF,
Assistant
Professor,
Department
of
Irrigation
and
Drainage
40
UAF
Project Analysis of water

saving
technologies and
allocation system
Irrigation
Engineer,
Irrigation
groundwater
database
development
scenarios
development
and
and
Dr Nasir Awan
UAF,
Assistant Spatial Hydrology,
Professor
GIS
database
development,
water accounting
50
UAF
Ahmad Waqas
UAF,
Officer
50
UAF
Waseem
Ahmad
UAF,
Lecturer, Interviews
Department
of scientists
30
UAF
Research Technical support

for
water
accounting at farm
and "distributary"
and "minor" canal
levels both in the
LCC
with
and
55
Agribusiness
Marketing
Umer
Khan
Draz M
Aamir Khan
M.
Arif M
Manzoor Khan
Naveed M
and regulation
agencies staff to
identify issues
UAF,
Research Farmer interviews
Officer, Sociologist to identify their
concerns
and
aspirations about
the project
50
UAF
UAF, Sociologist
Sociology, Farmer
interviews
50
UAF
Research Agriculture, crop

varieties and crop
water demand
40
UAF
Agri. Economics,
Economics
of
crops and water
use
50
UAF
UAF,
Officer
UAF, Economist
Ahmad
TBA
M/F
UAF, Water Policy Water

Analyst for 36 management and
months
policy expert
100
ACIAR
TBA
M/F
UAF,
Technical Agriculture Water
Assistant
Management
100
ACIAR
TBA
M/F
UAF,
Technical Groundwater
Assistant
Hydrology
100
ACIAR
TBA
M/F
Individual
Consultant for carry
out development of
model activities.
100
ACIAR
(ii)
Irrigation,
Cropping systems,
development of
Hydrological and
Socio-economic
Models
Description of the comparative advantage of the institutions involved
The Charles Sturt University (CSU) has a Hydrology Group working under the School of
Environmental Sciences. This group currently coordinates UNESCOs Hydrology for the
Environment, Life and Policy (HELP) program in the Asian and Pacific catchments. The
group has considerable expertise of working both in Pakistan and Australia in all the relevant
discipline pertaining to the proposed project. Particularly, the hydrology group of CSU have
expertise in: (i) integrating the hydro-economic decision support systems linked with
geographical information systems for predictive modelling of environmental and economic
futures of irrigation areas; (ii) database development and spatial and hydrodynamic analysis
for canal and groundwater interactions; (iii) hydro-geological and hydro-salinity modelling at
regional level; and (iv) training farmer groups and environmental staff of irrigation
companies in the land and water management. Their continual involvement in undertaking
this project would set a stone in enhancing technology transfer efforts by the Government of
Australia for improving livelihood of people of Pakistan. In the proposed ACIAR project, the
CSU team will be responsible for hydrological modelling to evaluate spatial and temporal
dynamics of canal and groundwater, and hydro-economic modelling for policy options at
56
regional level water management, both in case of Pakistan and Australia. The CSU, being the
lead organization, will also be responsible for overall project planning, supervision, and
finalisation of the project outputs. The joint outcome of the research initiative of ACIAR with
Australian and Pakistani proponent organizations of this project will, therefore, provide
sufficient incentives to realize towards removing disparity between differently located water
users.
Punjab Irrigation and Drainage Authority (PIDA) has a mandate and responsibility to
make policy level decisions and acquisition and subsequent distribution of irrigation water at
province level to ensure equity and reliability in irrigation service delivery among different
stakeholders. More importantly, PIDA is also the executing agency in the Lower Chenab
Canal System Rehabilitation Project. Under PIDA, the Programme Management and
Implementation Unit (PMIU) have a responsibility to supervise the overall progress of the
Lower Chenab Canal System Rehabilitation Project. Under this rehabilitation project, the
research and development responsibility is jointly shared by the PIDA / PARC Research and
Development Component of Lower Chenab Canal (LCC). This research and development
component has a multidisciplinary team, which includes agronomists, soil scientists,
irrigation scientists, plus other technical staff of 36 full time project staff along with 8 regular
senior staff of the Government to supervise the LCC component. Their services are
specifically designed to provide irrigation extension services to the farmers organizations
with particular emphasis on participatory demonstration, evaluation and exploration of
adoption pathways regarding promising on-farm water saving technologies. They are already
working closely with the Farmers Organizations under the ongoing institutional reforms in
the command area of LCC. Such ongoing initiative will be helpful in testing hypothesis,
evaluating ground realities, synthesising lesson learned, and devising alternative policy
options of the proposed project under real field conditions.
However, to strengthen the PIDA initiative and to streamline the project activities, research
assistance is also sought from the Water Management Institute of the University of
Agriculture Faisalabad. The University of Agriculture Faisalabad, through its water
management research and training programme for rural development (WMRC) phase-I
(1979-86) and phase-II 1987-1991, carried out research in the related fields of water
management at national level for the personnel of water management and Agricultural
Extension Services of the provinces. After completion of the Phase-I and II, this programme
was shifted from Development to Non-Development under the name of Water Management
Research Centre (1991-92). The Water Management Institute, University of Agriculture
Faisalabad is in fact a continuation of the already functioning Water Management Research
and Training Programme with a new name to perform the same functions of research and
training in water management. The institute is constituted by four sections: (i) Farm Irrigation
Management, (ii) Irrigation Agronomy and Soil Management, (iii) Socio-Economic and 9iv)
Training and Extension. The institute has been successful in developing technologies on
various aspects of water management creating an environment among the farming
community to adopt the improved water management practices for productive agriculture and
training a number of personnel of relevant disciplines and farmer in the region. In additions,
the institute has developed capacity and infrastructure facilities for carrying out the research
activities in water management. In the proposed ACIAR project, the WMI / UAF will assist
CSU and PMIU / PIDA in theirs efforts of working with the FOs in the LCC to collect and
synthesise data (both spatially and temporally) in water distribution while undertaking water
accounting exercise at regional level.
(iii)
Summary details of the research capacity, skills and role of each participant
involved
57
Australian Commissioned and collaborating Organisations (or IARC)

John Blackwell, Water Management Specialist, is currently working as a Professor,
Innovative Agricultural Water Technologies at the Charles Sturt University. Prof. Blackwell
has extensive experience of on-farm irrigation management in Australia, India, Pakistan and
China. He has successfully worked on a number of several ACIAR projects in these countries
as well. In the proposed ACIAR project, he will be responsible for designing of on-farm
water use efficiency trials in Pakistan.
Dr. Richard Claus, Resource Economist, is working with the Charles Sturt University. He
has background and experienced in: (i) economic analysis of water systems, (ii) economic
and financial appraisals of various water saving options, (iii) economic impact of various
policies on agricultural production and water use efficiency. In the proposed ACIAR project,
he will be responsible for economic analysis of water management policy options.
Dr. Shahbaz Mushtaq, Irrigation System Economist, is working with the Charles Sturt
University. He has background and experienced in: (i) cost-effective analysis of achieving
alternative environmental outcomes, (ii) social acceptability analysis using policy matrices
for equity decisions (iii) political economy analysis using drivers for different players in
whole of the catchment context. In the proposed ACIAR project, he will be responsible for
the socio-economic analysis in Australia and Pakistan.
Water Systems Analyst with background in hydrology and experienced in system dynamics
modelling will be appointed. In the proposed ACIAR project, he will be responsible for
developing hydrodynamic modelling and water balance of the whole irrigation system of the
project area and will also analyse various management scenarios and water resource
optimisation for better economic and environmental outcomes.
Partner country institution(s) or collaborating IARC
Habib Ullah Bodla, Chief Monitoring, is a civil engineer by profession, and is currently
working as Chief Monitoring, Programme Monitoring and Implementation Unit (PMIU) of
the Punjab Irrigation and Drainage Authority (PIDA). In the proposed ACIAR project, he will
be responsible for coordination and performance of the project team in Pakistan, liaison with
PIDA and FOs, explore and evaluate adoption pathways, coordinate with Dr. Shahbaz Khan
and make sure that Australian team gets the required data and technical support from the
project team in Pakistan.
Dr. Muhammad Riaz, Project Coordinator in Pakistan, is currently working with
Programme Monitoring and Implementation Unit (PMIU). In the proposed ACIAR project,
he will be responsible for scheduling and managing canal operations for the whole irrigation
system of the project area.
Dr Muhammad Javaid, Groundwater Specialist, is currently working with the Punjab
Irrigation Department. In the proposed ACIAR project, he will be responsible for providing
groundwater data to Australian team and will assist in development and analysis of
conjunctive water management scenarios.
Zakir Hassan Sial, Groundwater Specialist, is currently working with the Punjab Irrigation
Department. In the proposed ACIAR project, he will be responsible for providing
58
groundwater data to Australian team and will assist in development and analysis of
conjunctive water management scenarios.
Ch. Abdul Shakoor, Canal Operations, is currently working with Complaint Management
System of Programme Monitoring and Implementation Unit (PMIU). In the proposed ACIAR
project, he will be resolving complaint regarding the ACIAR Projects and Punjab Irrigation
System.
Shakeel Ahmad, Canal Operations, is currently working with Programme Monitoring and
Implementation Unit (PMIU). In the proposed ACIAR project, he will be responsible for
Discharge measurement and monitoring overall canal system for the whole irrigation system
of the project area.
Sajid Mahmood, Canal Operations, is currently working with Programme Monitoring and
Implementation Unit (PMIU). In the proposed ACIAR project, he will be responsible for
Discharge measurement and monitoring overall canal system for the whole irrigation system
of the project area.
Azhar Javaid, Salinity and Groundwater Management, is currently working the Punjab
Irrigation Department. In the proposed ACIAR project, he will assist development of cropgroundwater-soil trade-off scenarios and assessment of environmental impacts of various
water management alternatives.
Tahir Mahmood, Soil Scientist, is currently working the Punjab Irrigation Department. In
the proposed ACIAR project, he will assist collection of soil physiography data and
development of soils database and assessment of soil salinisation and related issues.
Basharat Ullah, Agronomist, is currently working the Punjab Irrigation Department. In the
proposed ACIAR project, he will assist in crops database development and crop water
requirement and crop production (water-yield relationships).
Khaliq Dad, Manager Social Mobilisation, is currently working the Punjab Irrigation
Department. In the proposed ACIAR project, he will provide support for participatory
demonstration of on-farm water saving technologies, socio-economic analysis of alternative
policy options in water distribution.
Captain M Salam, President FO Yakkar. In the proposed ACIAR project, he will help
establishing interactions between farmers and project scientists, and will also help organize
demonstration workshops for the farmers organizations members on the ground.
Dr Rai Niaz Ahmad, Project Co-coordinator in Pakistan, is an agricultural engineer by
profession, and has extensive experience in agricultural water and salinity management. He is
working as a Professor/Vice Chancellor, at University of Arid Agriculture Rawalpindi. In the
proposed ACIAR project, he will be responsible for coordination and performance of UAAF
team, liaison with Sardar and Dr. Khan.
Dr. Sher Muhammad, Agricultural Extension, is working as Director, Division of
Education & Extension of the University of Agriculture Faisalabad. He has extensive
experience of training and technology transfer to farmers in sustaining irrigated agriculture in
Punjab, Pakistan. In the proposed ACIAR project, he will have responsibility of overseeing
the project efforts for the transfer and adoption of water saving technologies and training of
farmers.
59
Water Technologies and Allocation Specialist, will be appointed at the University of

Agriculture Faisalabad. He should have specialisation in irrigation technologies and thorough
understanding of the water allocation and distribution system of the project area.
Dr. Muhammad Arshad, Surface-Groundwater Interaction Specialist, is currently
working as Assistant Professor, Department of Irrigation and Drainage of the University of
Agriculture Faisalabad. In the proposed ACIAR project, he will be responsible for the
development of surface water and groundwater database, and surface-groundwater interaction
modeling.
Dr Nasir Awan, Spatial Hydrologist, is currently working as Assistant Professor,
Department of Irrigation and Drainage of the University of Agriculture Faisalabad. In the
proposed ACIAR project, he will be responsible for the development of spatial, hydrologic
and climatic database and estimation of irrigation demand.
Ahmad Waqas, Project Officer, is currently working as Research Officer at Water
Management Institute of the University of Agriculture Faisalabad. He is agricultural engineer
by profession. In the proposed ACIAR project, he will be responsible for introducing the
water saving techniques in surface irrigation, and for providing technical training to the
farmers in the improvement of watercourses for on farm water management.
Waseem Ahmad, Project Officer, is currently working as a lecturer in the University of
Agriculture Faisalabad. He is an agricultural economist by profession, and is trained in
marketing and agribusiness. In the proposed ACIAR project, he will be responsible for
financial analysis of agribusiness and will help pursue farmers to adopt water saving options.
Umer Draz Khan, Project Officer, is currently working as Research Officer at Water
Management Institute of the University of Agriculture Faisalabad. He has formal
qualifications in Rural Sociology and has worked as group promoter in many regional areas.
In the proposed ACIAR project, he will be responsible for interviews of farmer associated
with canal head, middle and tail to identify their concerns and aspirations about the project.
Aamir Khan, Sociologist, is currently working as Research Officer at Water Management
Institute of the University of Agriculture Faisalabad. Recently, he has been actively involved
in field demonstration in five villages in Faisalabad on sugarcane planting under alternate
furrow irrigation methods, trials of cotton, maize and wheat sowing on beds and ridge for
irrigation water saving. In the proposed ACIAR project, he will be responsible for socioeconomic data collection and analysis.
Arif Manzoor Khan, Project Officer, is currently working as Research Officer at Water
Management Institute of the University of Agriculture Faisalabad. He has experience in
estimation of water demand of various crop varieties during different crop growth stages. In
the proposed ACIAR project, he will be responsible for yield estimation of different crop
varieties and their water use.
Naveed Ahmad, Economist, is currently working as Research Officer at Water Management
Institute of the University of Agriculture Faisalabad. He is a qualified agricultural economist.
In the proposed ACIAR project, he will be responsible for economic data collection including
crop yields, gross margins, water pricing and other related costs, and will closely economist
in Australian team to conduct hydro-economic analysis of various water management
scenarios.
60
Optimising Canal and Groundwater Management to

Assist Water User Associations in Maximizing Crop
Production and Managing Salinisation with Australian
Assistance
GENERAL ABSTRACT OF COST
Sr.
No.
Description
Approved
Amount in
Rs. (Million)
Agreement
Amount in
Rs. (Million)
Revised
Amount in
Rs. (Million)
Second
Revision
Amount in
Rs. (Million)
Difference
Rs.
(Million)
Remarks
Punjab Component
a)
ACIAR foreign investment
44.820
44.820
49.251
49.251
b)
Charles Sturt University,

Australia
14.532
14.532
14.532
14.532
c)
Cash component of the

PIDA to ACIAR
10.000
10.000
10.000
10.000
d)
In-kind Contribution of
PIDA
6.500
6.500
6.500
6.500
e)
University of Agriculture,
Faisalabad
3.837
3.837
3.837
3.837
79.689
79.689
84.120
84.120
Total
(Ch. Abdul Shakoor)

Lahore
Ph# +92 42 99213595-97
(Muhammad Qasim)
Lahore
Ph# +92 42 99213595-97
(Dr. Muhammad Riaz)

Director, PMIU
Lahore
Ph# +92 42 99213595-97
Difference
in amount
for foreign
is due to the
change in
AUS $
exchange
rate
61
SECTION 6: Budget
The relative breakdown of ACIAR and partner contributions is given below:
Partner
Inkind Partner
Contribution
ACIAR Funds
Expended
in Australia
464,500
158,658
University of Agriculture
Faisalabad
109,500
Expended in
Pakistan
Total
464,500
332,000
140,220
298,878
376,842*
151,122
260,622
87,672
1,024,040
796,514
Total
*PIDA contributions include AUS$228,490 cash component to facilitate local operations.

Budget summary tables are given below while details can be found in the ACIAR budget
pack submitted with this proposal.
COMMISSIONED ORGANISATION OR IARC
1.
FUNDS EXPENDED IN AUSTRALIA OR FOR IARC
Sr.
No.
1
Description
PERSONEL
(a) Professionally Qualified
(c) Appointment Expenses
(d) Other Personnel
TOTAL PERSONNEL
TOTAL SUPPLIES AND
SERVICES
TRAVEL
(a) Domestic Fares (and International
- IARC's only)
4
5
(b) Subsistence
TOTAL TRAVEL
TOTAL
(Muhammad Qasim)
Lahore
Ph# +92 42 99213595-97
As per
Approved
PC-1
October
2007
As per
Contract
Agreeme
nt
Jan 2008
As per
Revised
PC-1
2012
As per
Second
Revised
PC-1
2014
380,000
380,000
380,000
380,000
380,000
380,000
380,000
380,000
65,000
65,000
65,000
65,000
65,000
65,000
65,000
65,000
16,000
3,500
16,000
3,500
16,000
3,500
16,000
3,500
19,500
19,500
19,500
19,500
464,500
464,500
464,500
464,500
(Ch. Abdul Shakoor)

Lahore
Ph# +92 42 99213595-97
Differe
nce
Remarks
Amount has
not been
changed
only time
period of
project has
been
extended
upto
December
2014
(Dr. Muhammad Riaz)

Director, PMIU
Lahore
Ph# +92 42 99213595-97
62
Pakistan-Punjab Irrigation and Drainage Authority, Government of Punjab
As per
As per
As per
As per
Approved
Contract
second
Revised
Description
PC-1
Agreement
Revised
Difference
PC-1
October
Jan 2008
PC-1
2012
2007
2014
Sr.
No.
1
PERSONEL
(a) Salary
TOTAL PERSONNEL

TRAVEL
(b) Subsistence
TOTAL TRAVEL
4
5
Remarks
60,000
59,250
60,000
59,250
60,000
59,250
60,000
59,250
119,250
119,250
119,250
119,250
39,408
158,658
39,408
158,658
39,408
158,658
39,408
158,658
Amount
has not
been
changed
only time
period of
project
has been
extended
upto
December
2014
TOTAL

As per
As per
As per
As per
Approv Contract
second
Revised
Differ
Description
ed PC-1 Agreeme
Revised
PC-1
ence
October
nt
PC-1
2012
2007
Jan 2008
2014
Sr.
No.
1
4
5
PERSONEL
(a) Salary
(B) Salary-redated on-Costs
TOTAL PERSONNEL
Expenses
TOTAL SUPPLIES AND
SERVICES
TRAVEL
Fares
(b) Subsistence
TOTAL TRAVEL
Remarks
54,000
66,500
54,000
66,500
54,000
66,500
54,000
66,500
109,500
109,500
109,500
109,500
109,500
109,500
109,500
109,500
Amount has not been

changed only time
period of project has
been extended upto
December 2014
TOTAL
(Ch. Abdul Shakoor)

(Dr. Muhammad Riaz)
(Muhammad Qasim)
Director, PMIU
Lahore
Lahore
PART C: ESTIMATED PROJECT
EXPENDITURE
FROM ACIAR FUNDS
Lahore
Ph# +92
42 99213595-97
Ph# +92 42 99213595-97
Ph# +92 42 99213595-97
63
Sr.
No.
1
4
5
Description
As per
Approved
PC-1
Oct 2007
As per
Contract
Agreement
Jan 2008
Revised
PC-1
May
2012
Second
Revised
PC-1
2014
Difference
96,000
72,000
55,100
9,000
(46,100)
96,000
72,000
55,100
9,000
46,100
11720
11720
45,620
88,220
42,600
11,720
11,720
45,620
88,220
42,600
5,800
9,000
5,800
9,000
5,800
9,000
12,000
6,000
6,200
(3,000)
14,800
14,800
14,800
18,000
3,200
17,700
17,700
700
1,000
300
140,220
116,220
116,220
116,220
NIL
PERSONEL
Salary or Wages
TOTAL PERSONNEL
Expenses
TOTAL SUPPLIES AND
SERVICES
TRAVEL
(a) International &
Domestic Fares
(b) Subsistence
TOTAL TRAVEL
CAPITAL ITEM/ASSET
USAGE
TOTAL
Remarks
Amount has
been
reappropriated
as per project
requirements.

Sr.
No.
1
4
5
Description
PERSONEL
Salary or Wages
TOTAL PERSONNEL
Expenses
TOTAL SUPPLIES AND
SERVICES
TRAVEL
Fares
(b) Subsistence
TOTAL TRAVEL
TOTAL
(Muhammad Qasim)
Lahore
Ph# +92 42 99213595-97
As per
Approve
d PC-1
October
2007
As per
Contract
Agreeme
nt Jan
2008
As per
Revised
PC-1
2012
As per
Revised
PC-1
2012
98,000
98,000
98,000
98,000
98,000
98,000
98,000
98,000
29,800
29,800
29,800
29,800
29,800
29,800
29,800
29,800
5,800
4,300
5,800
4,300
5,800
4,300
5,800
4,300
10,100
10,100
10,100
10,100
13,222
151,122
13,222
151,122
13,222
151,122
13,222
151,122
(Ch. Abdul Shakoor)

Lahore
Ph# +92 42 99213595-97
Diff
eren
ce
Remarks
Amount has not been

changed only time period
of project has been
extended upto December
2014
-
(Dr. Muhammad Riaz)

Director, PMIU
Lahore
Ph# +92 42 99213595-97
64
PART E1: COMMISSIONED ORGANISATION CONTRIBUTIONS
Charles Strut University
Sr.
No.
1
2
3
4
5
As per
Approved
PC-1
October 2007
3,32,000
Description
As per
Contract
Agreement
Jan 2008
3,32,000
As per
Revised
PC-1
2012
3,32,000
Difference
Remarks
Amount has not

been changed
only time period
of project has
been extended
upto December
2014
PERSONEL
TRAVEL
3,32,000
TOTAL
3,32,000
3,32,000

Sr.
N
o.
1
2
3
4
5
Description
PERSONEL
TRAVEL
CAPITAL ITEM/ASSET
USAGE
TOTAL
As per
Approv
ed PC-1
October
2007
148,352
As per
Contract
Agreemen
t
Jan 2008
148,352
96,000
132,490
376,842
148,352
148,352
As per
second
Revised
PC-1
2014
148,352
148,352
148,352
As per
Revised
PC-1
2012
Difference
Remarks
Amount has not

been
changed
only time period
of project has
been extended
upto December
2014

Sr.
No.
1
2
3
4
5
Description
PERSONEL
SUPPLIES AND
SERVICES
TRAVEL
INFRASTRUCTURE
COSTS
CAPITAL ITEM/ASSET
USAGE
TOTAL
As per
Approved
PC-1
October
2007
87,672
(Muhammad Qasim)
Lahore
Ph# +92 42 99213595-97
As per
Contract
Agreement
Jan 2008
87,672
As per
Revised
PC-1
2012
87,672
As per
second
Revised
PC-1
2014
87,672
Differen
ce
Remarks
Amount has not been

changed only time
been extended upto
December 2014
87,672
87,672
87,672
(Ch. Abdul Shakoor)

Lahore
Ph# +92 42 99213595-97
87,672
(Dr. Muhammad Riaz)

Director, PMIU
Lahore
Ph# +92 42 99213595-97
65
PART D: TOTAL EXPENDITURE

FROM ACIAR FUNDS
732,658
As per
Contra
ct
Agree
ment
Jan
2008
732,658
140,220
116,220
116,220
116,220
151,122
1,024,0
00
151,122
1,000,0
00
151,122
1,000,0
00
151,122
1,000,0
00
As per
Approv
ed PC1
Octobe
r 2007
Pakistan-Punjab Irrigation and
Drainage
Authority. Government of Punjab
Pakistan-University of
Agriculture
Faisalabad
TOTAL
As per
Revised
PC-1
2012
As per
second
Revise
d PC-1
2014
Def
ere
nce
732,658
732,658
Remarks
Amount has not

been changed
only time
period of
project has
been extended
upto December
2014
OTHER SUPPORT DIRECTLY RELATED WITH THIS PROJECT

(NON0ACIAR FUNDS)
332,000
As per
Contra
ct
Agree
ment
Jan
2008
332,000
376,842
148,352
148,352
148,352
87,672
87,672
87,672
87,672
228,490
796,51
4
228,490
228,490
796,51
4
796,51
4
As per
Approv
ed PC1
Octobe
r 2007
Drainage
Agriculture
Faisalabad
Punjab Irrigation
Department/Government of
Punjab
TOTAL
As per
second
Revise
d PC-1
2014
Def
ere
nce
332,000
332,000
As per
Revised
PC-1
2012
796,514
Remarks
Amount has not

been changed
only time period
of project has
been extended
upto December
2014
OTHER SUPPORT DIRECTLY RELATED WITH THIS PROJECT

(NON0ACIAR FUNDS)

Drainage
Agriculture
Faisalabad
Punjab Irrigation
Department/Government of
Punjab
As per
Approv
ed PC1
Octobe
r 2007
1,064,6
58
As per
Contra
ct
Agree
ment
Jan
2008
1,064,6
58
As per
Revised
PC-1
2012
1,064,65
8
As per
second
Revise
d PC-1
2014
1,064,6
58
Def
ere
nce
Remarks
517,062
264,572
264,572
264,572
238,794
238,794
238,794
238,794
228,490
228,490
228,490
Amount has not

been changed
only time period
of project has
been extended
upto December
2014
66
TOTAL
DISTRIBUTION %:
AUSTRALIA/IARC
Pakistan-Punjab Irrigation &
Drainage Authority. Government
of the Punjab
Agriculture
Faisalabad
Total
1,820,5
14
1,796,5
14
45.40%
29.20%
53.40%
25.50%
100%
46.60%
100%
1,796,5
14
1,796,5
14
67
Project Activities and Yearly Schedule

(Adopted from the ACIAR Project Proposal)
68
Optimising Canal and Groundwater Management to Assist Water User Associations in

Maximizing Crop Production and Managing Salinisation with Australian Assistance
Tasks
Time line
Milestones
Revised
Milestones
and synthesise data
regarding irrigated
crops, water
distribution,
LCC command area.

existing knowledge,
planning and
implementation; and
articulate real
aspirations for the
agricultural base and
healthy catchments.
- Literature review
regarding canal,
groundwater, soil
and crop issues at
farm and
"distributary" and
"minor" canal
levels.
Yr 1, m 1-3
Discussion
paper
drafted
- Collect and
synthesise facts and
figures from
existing data
sources and
available reports.
Yr 1, m 1-6
Preliminar
y report
drafted
- Develop database
of irrigated crops,
water distribution,
groundwater uses,
soil physiography,
aquifer
cropping pattern.
Yr 1, m 1-12
Initial
database
developed
- Conduct
preliminary
interviews with
selected scientists
and regulation
agencies staff from
different
disciplines, and
community
members.
Yr 2, m 1-6
Report
prepared
on: (i)
major
issues
associated
with water
distributio
n, (ii) gaps
in the
existing
knowledge
, planning
and
implement
ation of
on-farm
water
manageme
nt, and (iii)
- Document
findings on: (i)
major issues
associated with
water distribution,
(ii) gaps in the
existing knowledge,
planning and
implementation of
69
Tasks
Time line
on-farm water
management, and
(iii) important
features that
constitute resilient
irrigation
communities and
environments for
better on-farm
water management.
Milestones
Revised
Milestones
important
features
that
constitute
resilient
irrigation
communiti
es and
environme
nts for
better onfarm water
manageme
nt.

at farm and
distributary and
minor canal levels in
the LCC command
area.
- Update the
developed database
of irrigated crops,
water distribution,
groundwater uses,
soil physiography,
aquifer
cropping pattern.
Yr 2, m 1-12
Preliminar
y report
drafted
- Prepare spatial
and temporal
hydrological maps
of water
distribution as a
function of cropgroundwater-soil
mix at
"distributary" and
"minor" canal level.
Yr 2, m 7-12
Preliminar
y report
drafted

hydrologic economic
more equitable,
and hydrologically
of canal and
groundwater at farm
and distributary and
minor canal levels in
the LCC command
area.
- Develop a
Yr 3, m 1-3
hydrologic
economic
framework capable
of trade-off
scenario analysis of
optimising canal
and groundwater
management given
the cropgroundwater-soil
mix as a function of
distance to canal
and socio-economic
parameters.
Modeling
framework
developed
70
Tasks
Time line
Milestones
Revised
Milestones
irrigators.
preliminary analysis
using hydrologic
economic models for
management in
consultation with
in the LCC command
area.
- Conduct a
preliminary
analysis for canal
and groundwater
management.
Yr 3, m 4-9
Preliminar
y report
drafted
Yr 3, m 1-12
Preliminar
y report
drafted
Preliminar
y report
drafted
Prepare scenarios
for hydrologic
economic
modeling given
the cropgroundwater-soil
mix as a function
of distance to
parameters.
Report
prepared
on policy
options for
defining
more
equitable,
economica
lly
efficient
and
- Consult different
stakeholder for
feedback on the
preliminary
analysis results
- This task will be
assisted by field
studies for water
accounting at farm
and distributary
and minor canal
levels.

mix scenarios while
operations and
groundwater
management response
into an economic
framework for
optimising water
management in the
LCC command area.
- Prepare scenarios Yr 3, m 10-12

for hydrologic
economic modeling
given the cropgroundwater-soil
mix as a function of
distance to canal
and socio-economic
parameters.
Activity 2.3: Formulate

distribution while
70salinize canal and
groundwater
management for
maximizing crop
production and
managing
70salinization in the
LCC command area.
- Prepare policy
options to
70salinize canal
and groundwater
management
options.
- Conduct scenario
analysis for
identifying
alternative policy
options in water
distribution.
- Consult different
stakeholders to get
feedback on the
prepared
Yr 4, m 1-6
71
Tasks
Time line
management
options for
maximizing crop
production and
managing
salinization.
Milestones
Revised
Milestones
hydrologic
ally
sustainable
strategies
to manage
canal and
groundwat
er in CIA
and LCC.
in the study areas.
Activity 3.1: Conduct
workshops with
and groundwater
management in the
LCC command area.
- Organise
interviews and
workshops with
community
participants and
groups of experts
major issues in
canal and
groundwater
management.
Yr 1, m 6-11
Preliminar
y report
drafted
- Organise a joint
year-end workshop
to resolve
differences between
the experts and
farmers.
Yr 1, m 12
Report
prepared
on the
stakeholde
rs
71erceptio
n regarding
the major
issues in
canal and
groundwat
er
manageme
nt
- Prepare training
modules, and
conduct training
year-end workshop
in LCC.
Yr 2, m 12
Workshop
organised
Prepare training
modules, and
conduct training
year-end
workshop in LCC.
- Prepare training
modules, and
conduct training
year-end workshop
in LCC.
Yr 3, m 12
Workshop
organised
- Analyse and
synthesise findings
from interviews and
workshops.

workshops to assist
in participatory
demonstrating,
evaluating and
exploring adoption
pathways regarding
promising on-farm
72
Tasks
Time line
Milestones
Revised
Milestones
- Conduct project
dialogue meeting in
LCC.
Yr 4, m 6
Project
dialogue
meeting
organised
- Organise projectend workshop in

Lahore, Pakistan
inviting scientists,
policymakers,
water managers and
farmers.
Yr 4, m 12
Projectend
workshop
and its
72roceedin
g are
compiled
for wider
disseminati
on.
and water saving

technologies.
dialogue with
stakeholders and
the LCC for wider
adoption of the
promising on-farm
technologies at
different levels.
73
Personnel Requirement - presenting in-kind and cash inputs

Cash contributions of PIDA to ACIAR project of AUS$ 228,490 covers Travel
(AUS$ 96,000) and Capital Items/Asset Usage (AUS$ 132,490)
(Adopted from the ACIAR Project Proposal)
74
Optimising Canal and Groundwater Management to Assist Water User Associations in

Maximizing Crop Production and Managing Salinisation with Australian Assistance
Personnel
Name
Sex
Agency & Position
Discipline & Role
Time input
(%)
Funding
Habib Ullah
Bodla
Programme
Monitoring and
Implementation
Unit (PMIU), Chief
Monitoring
Surface Water
Expert
30
PID
Dr.
Muhammad
Abid Bodla
P&D Department,
Member
Engineering
Groundwater
resource
management
PIDA
Dr.
Muhammad
Riaz
Programme
Monitoring and
Implementation
Unit (PMIU),
Director (Gauges)
Project Leader in
Pakistan
50
PID
Ch. Abdul
Shakoor
Programme
Monitoring and
Implementation
Unit (PMIU),
Deputy Director
PMIU
Monitoring
35
PID
Shakeel
Ahmad
Programme
Monitoring and
Implementation
Unit (PMIU), ADM
PMIU
Monitoring
35
PID
Sajid
Mehmood
Programme
Monitoring and
Implementation
Unit (PMIU), ADM
PMIU
Monitoring
35
PID
Dr
Muhammad
Javaid
Punjab Irrigation
Department,
Groundwater
Specialist
Hydrology,
Groundwater data
provision and
G.W. quality
management
specialist
35
PID
Zakir Hassan
Sial
Punjab Irrigation
Department,
Groundwater
Specialist
Hydrology,
Groundwater data
provision and
G.W. quality
management
specialist
20
PID
Azhar Javaid
Punjab Irrigation
Salinity and
35
PID
75
Department,
Groundwater
Specialist
groundwater
management, Data
provision and
modelling
Tahir
Mahmood
Punjab Irrigation
Department, Soil
Scientist
Soil Science, Soils

database
development and
salinity issues
40
PID
Basharat Ullah
Punjab Irrigation
Department,,
Agronomist
Agronomy, crops
database
development
40
PID
Khaliq Dad
PIDA, Manager
Social Mobilisation
Social impacts
40
PID
Captain M
Salam
FO Yakkar,
President
Demonstration
workshops
30
PIDA
TBA
M/F
Individual
Consultant for carry
out development of
model activities.
Irrigation,
Cropping systems,
development of
Hydrological and
Socio-economic
Models
100
ACIAR
76
Sr.
N
o.
1
2
3
4
5
Description
PERSONEL
TRAVEL
CAPITAL ITEM/ASSET
USAGE
TOTAL
148,352
As per
Contract
Agreeme
nt
Jan 2008
148,352
96,000
As per
Approved
PC-1
Oct 2007
132,490
376,842
148,352
148,352
As per
second
Revised
PC-1
2014
148,352
148,352
148,352
As per
Revised
PC-1
2012
Difference
-
Remarks
*Amount has not

been changed only
time
period
of
project has been
extended
upto
December 2014.
PERSONNEL
Annual
Salary
% of
time
Habib Ullah Bodla

Dr. Abid Bodla Member Engineering P&D
Department
25000
30%
As per
approved
PC-1
October
2007
30,000
24000
5%
Dr. Muhammad Riaz
20000
Dr. Muhammad Javed Hydrologist
As per
contract
agreement
Jan 2008
As per
revised PC1 2012
As per
second
revised
PC-1 2014
Differe
nce
30,000
30,000
30,000
4,800
4,800
4,800
4,800
10%
8,000
8,000
8,000
8,000
10670
35%
14,936
14,936
14,936
14,936
Zikar Hassan Sial
10670
25%
10,672
10,672
10,672
10,672
Abdul Shakoor
6000
15%
6000
6000
6000
6000
Sajid Mehmood
2500
10%
2500
2500
2500
2500
Shakeel Ahmed
2170
5%
2172
2172
2172
2172
Azhar Javed Ground water Modeller
5500
35%
7,704
7,704
7,704
7,704
Tahir Mahmood Soil Scientist
5500
35%
7,688
7,688
7,688
7,688
Bashart Ullah Argonomist
5500
40%
8,800
8,800
8,800
8,800
Khaliq Dad, Sociologist
10670
30%
12,800
12,800
12,800
12,800
Captain M Saleem FO Yakkar
6120
30%
7,344
7,344
7,344
7,344
148,352
148,352
148,352
148,352
Name of Position
Total
(Muhammad Qasim)
Lahore
Ph# +92 42 99213595-97
(Ch. Abdul Shakoor)
Lahore
Ph# +92 42 99213595-97
(Ch. Abdul Shakoor)

Lahore
Ph# +92 42 99213595-97
Remarks
Amount
has not
been
changed
only time
period of
project has
been
extended
upto
December
2014.
(Dr. Muhammad Riaz)

Director, PMIU
Lahore
Ph# +92 42 99213595-97
(DR. MUHAMMAD RIAZ)

Director, PMIU
Lahore
Ph# +92 42 99213595-97
77
PART G1: DEVELOPING COUNTRY CONTRIBUTIONS
(Local Component)
Sr.
No.
Description
PERSONEL
TRAVEL
CAPITAL ITEM/ASSET
USAGE
TOTAL
As per
Approved
PC-1
October
2007
-
As per
Contract
Agreement
Jan 2008
As per
Revised PC-1
2012
As per Second
Revision of PC-1
2014
88,000
96,000
96,000
96,000
Differ
ence
Remarks
*
Amount has not
been changed in the
revised PC-1 to take
care
of
O&M
expenditure
of
the
project vehicle. Time
period of the project has
also been extended upto
December 2014.
1,40,490
2,28,490
132,490
1,32,490
1,32,490
2,28,490
2,28,490
2,28,490

Item
Payment 1
Payment 2
Payment 3
Payment 4
Payment 5
Payment 6
Payment 7
Payment 8
Total
Total
TRAVEL
(a)
International and Domestic Fares

Details (name,dep-arr,airfare)
Domestic Travels/Field Trips Vehicle Expense
As per
approved PC1 October
2007
As per
contract
agreement
Jan 2008
As per revised
PC-1 2012
As per Second revision

of PC-1 2014
88,000
96,000
96,000
96,000
Difference
-
Total
(b)
88,000
96,000
96,000
96,000
Remarks
Amount has not

been changed
only time period of
project has been
extended upto
December 2014.
Subsistence
Details (name, destination, no. days, rate)
Payment 1
Payment 2
Payment 3
Payment 4
Payment 5
Payment 6
Payment 7
Payment 8
Total
Total
INFRASTURE COSTS
CAPITAL ITEMS/ASSET USAGE
As per approved
PC-1 October 2007
As per contract
agreement Jan 2008
As per revised PC-1

2012
As per Second
revision of
PC-1 2014
Difference
2 X Field Cab - tray back
44,000
44,000
44,000
44,000
Car
18,300
56,490
56,490
56,490
Pay of 3 Drivers
20.000
Pay of Chawkidar (Guard)
6,800
Item
Pay of Naib Qasid (Office Boy)
6,800
Office Building renovation Operation and Maintenance
44,590
32,000
32,000
32,000
140,490
132,490
132,490
132,490
Total
(Muhammad Qasim)
Lahore
Ph# +92 42 99213595-97
(Ch. Abdul Shakoor)

Lahore
Ph# +92 42 99213595-97
Remarks
Amount has not been

changed only time
been extended upto
December 2014
(Dr. Muhammad Riaz)

Director, PMIU
Lahore
Ph# +92 42 99213595-97
78
As per
Approved
PC-1
Oct 2007
As per
Contract
Agreement
Jan 2008
Revised
PC-1
May 2012
Second
Revision
PC-1
May 2014
Difference
PERSONEL
Salary or Wages
96,000
72,000
55,100
9,000
(46,100)
TOTAL PERSONNEL
96,000
72,000
55,100
9,000
(46,100)

11,720
11,720
45,620
88,220
42,600

TRAVEL
(b) Subsistence
11,720
11,720
45,620
88,220
42,600
5,800
9,000
5,800
9,000
5,800
9,000
TOTAL TRAVEL
14,800
14,800
14,800
12,000
6,000
18,000
6,200
(3,000)
3,200
Sr.
No.
1
Description

TOTAL
17,700
17,700
700
1,000
300
140,220
116,220
116,220
116,220
NIL
Remarks
Amount
has
been
reappropriated
keeping in view
requirement
during Modeling
phase of Hydro
Socio-economic
Model.
PERSONNEL
Salary or Wages
Name of Position
TBA Irrigation Agronomist (BS

18)
TBA Programmer (BS 17)
TBA Hydrological Modeler (BS
18)
Honoraria for Project Staff
Working for ACIAR Project
As per
approve
d PC-1
October
2007
As per
contract
agreemen
t
11,020
48,000
48,000
22,040
(22,040)
5,510
48,000
24,000
11,020
(11,020)
22,040
(22,040)
Annual
Salary
11,020
-
Total
96,000
As per
revised
PC-1
2012
Jan-08
72,000
55,100
As per
2nd
revision
PC-1
2014
Differe
nce
9,000
9,000
9,000
(46,100
)
Remarks
Amount
has
been
rationalized keeping in
the view Hydro Socioeconomic
model
development phase of
the project.
(a)
Research Operating Expenses
Item
As per
approve
d PC-1
October
2007
As per
contract
agreeme
nt
Communication (Postage/Telephone etc)
2,520
Stores and Provisions (Equipments,

Supplies, Printing & Photo Copier,
Computer Servers, Laptops, Desktops,
Life Jackets, Levelling Staff Rod,
Stationary etc)
2,700
Computing, Data & Software including

GIS Server / Hyd. Model Application
6,500
6,500
40,400
12,500
(27,900)
3,300
3,300
7,800
7,800
11,720
11,720
45,62
0
88,220
42,600
PRINTING OF PUBLICATION
WORKSHOP EXPENSES (Including
Entertainment Charges, Seminar venue
charges and foreign participants
accommodation charges)
Total
Name, Services, Duration,
Daily Rate
Paymen
t1
Paymen
t2
As per
revise
d PC-1
2012
As per
second
revision of
PC-1 2014
Differen
ce
2,520
120
220
100
2,700
5,100
64,400
59,300
Jan-08
Paymen
t3
Paymen
t4
Paymen
t5
Payme
nt 6
Remarks
Amount
has
been
model
development phase of
the project.
Paym
ent 7
Payme
nt 8
Total
(Muhammad Qasim)
Lahore
Ph# +92 42 99213595-97
(Ch. Abdul Shakoor)

Lahore
Ph# +92 42 99213595-97
(Dr. Muhammad Riaz)

Director, PMIU
Lahore
Ph# +92 42 99213595-97
Tot
al
79
TRAVEL
(c)
International and Domestic Fares

As per
approved
Details (name, dep-arr,
PC-1
airfare)
October
2007
Foreign & Domestic
Travels/Field Trips Vehicle
5,800
Expense
Total
(b)
5800
As per
contract
agreemen
t
Jan-08
As per
revised
PC-1
2012
As per
second
revision
of PC-1
2014
Differe
nce
5,800
5,800
12,000
6,200
5,800
5,800
12,000
6,200
Remarks
Amount has been rationalized

keeping in the view Hydro
Socio-economic
model
development phase of the
project.
Subsistence
Details (name, destination, no.

days, rate)
As per
contract
agreement
As per revised
PC-1 October
2007
Jan-08
PC-1 2012
PC-1 2014
As per approved
As per 2nd Revision

Difference
Project Staff-1
15days @ 100
3,000
3,000
3,000
1,500
Project Staff-2
15days @ 100
3,000
3,000
3,000
1,500
Project Staff-3
15days @ 100
3,000
3,000
3,000
1,500
Project Staff-4
15days @ 100
3,000
3,000
3,000
1,500
9,000
9,000
9,000
6,000
Total
(3,000)
(3,000)
Remarks
Amount has been

rationalized keeping
in the view Hydro
Socio-economic
model development
phase of the project.
INFRASTURCUTURE COST
Capital item/asset usage
Item
Research Equipments
Total
As per approved
PC-1 October
2007
As per contract
agreement Jan
2008
As per revised
As per second
revision
PC-1 2012
PC-1 2014
17,700
17,700
700
17,700
17,700
700
(Muhammad Qasim)
Lahore
Ph# +92 42 99213595-97
Difference
Remarks
1,000
300
1,000
300
Amount
has
been
model
development phase of the
project.
(Ch. Abdul Shakoor)

Lahore
Ph# +92 42 99213595-97
(Dr. Muhammad Riaz)

Director, PMIU
Lahore
Ph# +92 42 99213595-97
80
References
Bandaragoda, D. J. 1996.
Institutional conditions for effective water delivery and
irrigation scheduling in large gravity systems: Evidence from Pakistan. Irrigation Scheduling:
From Theory to Practice Proceedings. Water Reports 8, Food and agriculture Organization
of the United Nations, Rome, Italy.
Bawden, R. 2005. A commentary on three papers. Agriculture and Human Values, 22: 169176.
Braaten, R. and Gates, G. 2003. Groundwater surface water interaction in inland New
South Wales: a scoping study. Water Science and Technology, 47(8): 215-224.
Checkland, P. 1999. Soft systems methodology in action. John Wiley and Sons, Ltd,
Chichester.
COAG (Council of Australian Governments). 1995. Water Resource Policy and Regulatory
Reform. Full documentation available via www.coag.gov.au
COAG (Council of Australian Government). 2004. National water initiative. Full
documentation available via www.coag.gov.au
Evans, R.S. 2004. River and groundwater interaction in the Murray-Darling Basin
Technical status and management options. Proceedings of the 9th Murray-Darling
Groundwater Workshop.
Fullagar IM, 2005. Rivers and aquifers: Towards conjunctive water management (workshop
proceedings). Bureau of Rural Sciences, Canberra.
Gibbs, G. R. 2002. Qualitative data analysis: explorations with NVivo. Open University
Press, Buckingham.
Government of Pakistan, 2007. Economic survey 2005-06. Ministry of Finance, Government
of Pakistan, Islamabad. http://www.finance.gov.pk/survey/home.htm
Greenwood, D. J. and Levin, M. 1998. Introduction to action research: Social research for
social change. Sage Publications Inc, California.
Latif, M. and Ahmad, M.Z. 2005. Integrated water resources management for sustainable
development in a selected command. Centre of Excellence in Water Resources Engineering,
University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore. 1st Annual progress report submitted to
the HEC.
Latif, M. and Pomee, M.S. 2003. Irrigation management turnover: an option for improved
utilization of limited water resources in Pakistan. Irrigation and Drainage, 52: 261 - 272
Lewin, K. 1947. Frontiers in group dynamics II. Channels of group life: social planning and
action research. Human Relations 1(2): 143 153.
Luckett, S., Ngubane, S. and Memela, B. 2001. Designing a management system for a rural
community development organization using a systematic action research process. Journal of
Systematic Practice and Action Research, 14(4): 517 - 541
Kemmis, S. and McTaggart, R. 1998. Participatory action research. In: Denzin N. K. and
Lincoln, Y. S. 2000, The Handbook of Qualitative Research (2 nd Ed.). Sage Publications Inc,
California.
Murray-Rust, H. 2002. Conjunctive water use and conjunctive water management. In:
Queshi, A.S., Bhatti, A. and Jehangir, W.A. 2002. Managing Surface and Groundwater
Resources: Proceedings of the International Workshop on Conjunctive Water Management
81
for Sustainable Irrigated Agriculture in South Asia. Lahore: International Water Management
Institute.
Panella, T. 2004. Water sector irrigation development in Pakistan. Technical Assistance
Report, PAK 37189. South Asia Department, Agriculture, Environment, and Natural
Resources Division, Asian Development Bank (ADB), Manila, Philippines.
Qureshi, A. S., Turral, H., Masih, I. 2004. Strategies for the management of conjunctive use
of surface water and groundwater resources in semi-arid areas: A case study from Pakistan.
Research Report 86. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute.
Sahuquillo, A. and Lluria, M. 2003. Conjunctive use as potential solution for stressed
aquifers: social constraints. In: Llamas R and Custodio E (Eds.) Intensive use of
groundwater: Challenges and opportunities. Ed. Balkema Publishers, the Netherlands.
82
Appendix -I
Letter of Support from Partner Organisations
83
84
85
86
87
TERMS OF REFERENCE
AND
PROJECT OBJECTIVES
88
Optimising Canal and Groundwater Management to Assist Water User

Associations in Maximizing Crop Production and Managing Salinisation
with Australian assistance
TERMS OF REFERENCE (TORs)
1. To develop tools capable of analysing hydrological and economic water management
trade-off scenarios using spatial crop, soil, water availability and water quality data. The
planned activities to achieve this objective are:
1.1. Collect and synthesise data regarding irrigated crops, water distribution, groundwater
uses, soil physiography, aquifer characteristics, and cropping pattern in the command
area of the LCC in Pakistan and CIA in Australia.
1.2. Explore major issues associated with water distribution; identify gaps in the existing
knowledge, planning and implementation; and articulate real aspirations for the
future of the region for a sustainable irrigated agricultural base and healthy
catchments.
1.3. Undertake spatial and temporal hydrological analysis as a function of cropgroundwater-soil mix at farm and "distributary" and "minor" canal levels both in the
LCC and CIA.
1.4. Develop a hydrologic economic framework capable of scenario analysis for more
equitable, economically efficient and hydrologically sustainable distribution of canal
and groundwater at farm and "distributary" and "minor" canal levels both in the LCC
and CIA.
2. To develop improved canal and groundwater management options acceptable to
Organisations in Pakistan and stakeholder groups in Australia. The planned activities to
achieve this objective are:
2.1 Conduct a preliminary analysis using hydrologic economic models for canal and
groundwater management in consultation with different stakeholders.
2.2 Develop crop-groundwater-soil mix scenarios while incorporating channel operations
and groundwater management response into an economic framework for optimising
water management.
2.3 Formulate policy options in water distribution while optimising canal and
groundwater management for maximizing crop production and managing
salinisation.
89

management options in the study areas. The activities to achieve this objective are:
3.1 Conduct separate interviews and workshops with community participants and groups
of experts to better clarify the major issues in canal and groundwater management.
3.2 Training workshops to assist Farmer Organisations in participatory demonstrating,
evaluating and exploring of adoption pathways regarding promising on-farm canal
and groundwater management strategies, and water saving technologies.
3.3. Project dialogue with stakeholders and regulation agencies in the LCC and CIA for
wider adoption of the promising on-farm canal and groundwater management
90
Optimising Canal and Groundwater Management to Assist Water User

Associations in Maximizing Crop Production and Managing Salinisation
with Australian assistance
Project Objectives and Outputs
Objectives:
4.
To develop tools capable of analysing hydrological and economic water management

trade-off scenarios using spatial crop, soil, water availability and water quality data.
The planned activities to achieve this objective are:
Activity 1.3: Undertake spatial and temporal hydrological analysis as a function of cropgroundwater-soil mix at farm and "distributary" and "minor" canal levels both in the LCC
and CIA.
more equitable, economically efficient and hydrologically sustainable distribution of
canal and groundwater at farm and "distributary" and "minor" canal levels both in the
LCC and CIA.
5.
To develop improved canal and groundwater management options acceptable to

Organisations in Pakistan and stakeholder groups in Australia. The planned activities
to achieve this objective are:
Activity 2.1: Conduct a preliminary analysis using hydrologic economic models for canal
and groundwater management in consultation with different stakeholders.
operations and groundwater management response into an economic framework for
optimising water management.
6.
To support PIDA and Farmer Organisations in the implementation of more

equitable, economically efficient and hydrologically sustainable canal and
groundwater management options in the study areas. The activities to achieve this
objective are:
Activity 3.1: Conduct separate interviews and workshops with community participants
and groups of experts to better clarify the major issues in canal and groundwater
management.
91

demonstrating, evaluating and exploring of adoption pathways regarding promising onfarm canal and groundwater management strategies, and water saving technologies.
Activity 3.3: Project dialogue with stakeholders and regulation agencies in the LCC and
CIA for wider adoption of the promising on-farm canal and groundwater management
Outputs:
The following table describes project outputs in the context project objectives using the
proposed methodology.
Outputs
Risks/Assumptions
Applications
Objective 1: To develop tools capable of analysing hydrological and economic water
management trade-off scenarios using spatial crop, soil, water availability and water quality
data.
Activity 1.1: Collect and Benchmark
data Existing information Categorization
of
synthesise
data and
synthesis is sufficiently reliable. current state of water
regarding
irrigated describing current Stakeholders
may distribution and use in
crops, water distribution, state
of
water concern the usefulness the selected irrigation
groundwater uses, soil distribution and use of
targeted
field systems
both
in
physiography,
aquifer in the selected surveys to validate the Pakistan and Australia.
characteristics,
and irrigation systems existing information.
cropping pattern in the both in Pakistan
command area of the and Australia.
LCC in Pakistan and
CIA in Australia.
Activity 1.2: Explore Well documented Interests
among Identification of gaps
major issues associated water accounts at different stakeholders and opportunities for
with water distribution; the canal command (project
scientists, improvement in water
identify gaps in the level for identifying agencies staff and distribution
in the
existing
knowledge, gaps
and community members) selected
irrigation
planning
and opportunities
for may appear to be systems
both
in
implementation;
and improvement
in conflicting regarding Pakistan and Australia.
articulate real aspirations water distribution major issues, existing
for the future of the in the selected gaps and promising
region for a sustainable irrigation systems opportunities for canal
irrigated
agricultural both in Pakistan and
groundwater
base
and
healthy and Australia.
management.
catchments.
Activity 1.3: Undertake Spatial maps of Existing
data
is Selection of hotspots
spatial and temporal water distribution properly
geo- in the regional context
hydrological analysis as and third party referenced for use in to improve livelihoods
a function of crop- impacts such as hydrological analysis through
optimizing
groundwater-soil mix at salinisation due to as a function of crop- canal and groundwater
farm and "distributary" inequity
of groundwater-soil mix management,
and "minor" canal levels distribution in the at
farm
and maximizing
crop
both in the LCC and selected irrigation "distributary"
and production
and
CIA.
systems both in "minor" canal levels managing salinisation
Pakistan
and both in the LCC and in irrigated landscapes.
Australia.
CIA.
Activity 1.4: Develop a A
hydrologic- Local capacity to Availability of the
hydrologic
economic economic modeling undertake modeling.
modeling tools for
92
Outputs
Risks/Assumptions
Applications
framework capable of framework capable
socio-economic
and
scenario analysis for of
trade-off
more
equitable, scenario analysis of
as a function of cropeconomically efficient water distribution
groundwater-soil mix at
and
hydrologically as a function of
sustainable distribution crop-groundwaterand "minor" canal
of
canal
and soil mix at farm and
levels both in the LCC
groundwater at farm and "distributary" and
and CIA.
"distributary"
and "minor"
canal
"minor" canal levels levels both in the
both in the LCC and LCC and CIA.
CIA.
Objective 2: To develop improved canal and groundwater management options acceptable to
stakeholders by using the optimisation tools in a participatory mode with Farmer Organisations
in Pakistan and stakeholder groups in Australia.
Activity 2.1: Conduct a Assessment
of The regulations are Information fed into
preliminary
analysis economic value for well documented and formalising alternative
using
hydrologic implementing
accessible.
policy options aimed at
economic models for existing
water
canal and groundwater policies
and
groundwater.
management
in identifying
consultation
with alternative policy
different stakeholders.
options in water
distribution.
Activity 2.2: Develop Development
of Interests
among Information fed into
optimum canal and project
scientists, formalising alternative
mix scenarios while groundwater
agencies staff and policy options aimed at
incorporating
channel distribution
community members optimising canal and
operations
and strategies accepted may
differ
on groundwater.
groundwater
by stakeholders in deciding
optimum
management response the LCC in Pakistan canal
and
into
an
economic and
CIA
in groundwater
framework
for Australia.
distribution strategies.
optimising
water
management.
Activity 2.3 Formulate Policy
Different
policy Information and tools
policy options in water documentation and options would work ready for wider-scale
distribution
while adoption material better for different adoption of the optimal
optimising canal and for LCC and CIA.
stakeholders with the canal and groundwater
groundwater
same objective of management options in
management
for
maximizing
crop irrigated
agricultural
maximizing
crop
production
and areas.
production
and
Objective 3. To support PIDA and Farmer Organisations in the implementation of more
equitable, economically efficient and hydrologically sustainable canal and groundwater
management options in the study areas.
Activity 3.1: Conduct Analysed
and Farmers and agencies Build confidence and
separate interviews and synthesised
staff are willing to trust among project
workshops
with findings
from provide
factual scientists, agency staff
community participants interviews
and information, and to and farmers to achieve
93
and
groundwater
management.
workshops to assist
in
participatory
demonstrating,
evaluating
and
exploring of adoption
pathways
regarding
promising
on-farm
and
water
saving
technologies.
dialogue
with
stakeholders
and
the LCC and CIA for
wider adoption of the
promising
on-farm
technologies
at
different levels.
Outputs
workshops
regarding the issues
on
canal
and
groundwater
management in the
selected irrigation
systems in Pakistan.
Training
and
technology transfer
packages
for
Farmers
Organizations/
Water
User
Associations,
in
Pakistan.
Risks/Assumptions
Applications
accept
groundwater the project objectives.
realities.
Aptitude of farmers
towards on-farm canal
and
groundwater
management
strategies, and water
saving technologies.
Availability of the local

agency staff for training
and technology transfer
to farmers from the LCC
in Pakistan and the CICL
in Australia.
Successfully
demonstrated,
evaluated
and
explored adoption
pathways regarding
promising on-farm
canal
and
groundwater
management
strategies,
and
water
saving
technologies.
Geo-political
correctness of the
proposed policies and
their
adoption
pathways
for
optimizing canal and
groundwater
management in the
LCC and CIA.
Demonstration of field
laboratories
of
successful adoption of
promising on-farm canal
and
groundwater
and
water
saving
technologies.
94
MINUTES OF PDWP MEETING

HELD ON 18.07.2007
95
96
97
98
MINUTES OF PRE-CDWP
HELD ON 20.10.2007
99
100
101
102
MINUTES OF PDWP MEETING

HELD ON 11.07.2012
103
104
105
106
107
108
ADMINISTRATIVE
APPROVAL
109
110
ACIAR PROJECT REVIEW

WORKSHOP HELD DURING
MAY 15 17, 2014
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120

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1

GOVERNMENT OF THE PUNJAB

Name of the project

All over Punjab

Authorities responsible for:

Government of Punjab, Punjab Irrigation

iii. Operation and maintenance

Government of Punjab, Punjab Irrigation

Project objectives and its relationship with sector objectives

groundwater management options in the study areas.

Department and University of Agriculture Faisalabad (UAF)/ University of Arid

Description, justification, technical parameters and technology transfer aspects

Brief history, technical features and justification of project are described as

This proposed PIDA project is complementing the Australian Centre for

Capital cost estimates

Charles Sturt University,

Cash component of the

(Ch. Abdul Shakoor)

(Dr. Muhammad Riaz)

SUPPLIES AND SERVICES

(Ch. Abdul Shakoor)

(Dr. Muhammad Riaz)

SUPPLIES AND SERVICES

(Ch. Abdul Shakoor)

(Dr. Muhammad Riaz)

(Ch. Abdul Shakoor)

(Dr. Muhammad Riaz)

(Ch. Abdul Shakoor)

(Dr. Muhammad Riaz)

(Ch. Abdul Shakoor)

(Dr. Muhammad Riaz)

Amount has not

(Ch. Abdul Shakoor)

(Dr. Muhammad Riaz)

CAPITAL ITEM/ASSET USAGE

(Ch. Abdul Shakoor)

(Dr. Muhammad Riaz)

PART F2: DEVELOPING COUNTRY CONTRIBUTIONS

Amount has not

PART G1: DEVELOPING COUNTRY CONTRIBUTIONS

Annual operating and maintenance

10. Financial plan and mode of financing

Project benefits and analysis

Amount has not

Activity 1.2: Explore

agricultural base and Document

- Update the Yr 2, m 1- Preliminary

- Prepare spatial Yr 2, m 7- Preliminary

- This task will Yr 3, m 1- Preliminary

Prepare Yr 3, m 10- Preliminary

Activity 2.3: Formulate

- Prepare policy Yr 4, m 1-6

separate interviews and

Activity 3.2: Training

Activity 3.3: Project

(Dr. Muhammad Riaz)

(Muhammad Irfan Elahi)

ACIAR Project Proposal

SECTION 1: Project Outline

Optimising Canal and Groundwater Management to Assist

Land and Water Resources (LWR)

Better environments from better agriculture