BAHAN ALAM MINERAL

No
1.

Nama
Umum
Aluminum
Oxide

Attapulgite

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Rumus Empirik

Kegunaan

Pemakaian di Farmasi

Al2O3

Adsorbent;
dispersing agent.

Attapulgite is a
purified native
hydrated
magnesium
aluminum
silicate consisting of
the clay mineral
palygorskite, with
the
empirical
formula
Mg(Al0.51Fe00.5)

Adsorbent.

Aluminum oxide is used

mainly in tablet
formulations. It is
used for decoloring
powders and is
particularly widely used
in
antibiotic formulations. It
is also used in
suppositories,
pessaries, and urethral
inserts. Hydrated
aluminum oxide
is used in mordant
dyeing to make lake
pigments, in
cosmetics,
and
therapeutically
as
an
antacid.
Attapulgite is widely used
as an adsorbent in solid
dosage
forms. Colloidal clays
(such as attapulgite)
absorb considerable
amounts of water to form
gels and in
concentrations of 25%
w/v usually form oil-inwater emulsions.

Metoda
Perolehannya
Most of the aluminum
oxide produced
commercially is
obtained
by
the
calcination of aluminum
hydroxide

Attapulgite
occurs
naturally as the mineral
palygorskite.

Si4O10(OH)_4H2O.

Bentonite

Al2O3_4SiO2_H2O

Adsorbent;
stabilizing agent;
suspending
agent;
viscosityincreasin
g
agent

4.

Kaolin

Al2O3_2SiO2_2H2O

Adsorbent;
suspending
agent; tablet and
capsule diluent.

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Activated attapulgite,
which is attapulgite that
has been carefully
heated to increase its
absorptive capacity, is
used therapeutically as
an adjunct in the
management of diarrhea
Adsorbent (clarifying
agent) 1.02.0 %
Emulsion stabilizer 1.0 %
Suspending agent 0.5
5.0 %

Kaolin is a naturally
occurring mineral used in
oral and topical
pharmaceutical
formulations.
In oral medicines, kaolin
has been used as a
diluent in tablet
and capsule
formulations; it has also
been used as a
suspending
vehicle. In topical
preparations, sterilized

Bentonite is a native
colloidal hydrated
aluminum silicate
consisting mainly of
montmorillonite,
Al2O3_4SiO2_H2O; it
may also contain
calcium, magnesium,
and iron. The average
chemical analysis is
expressed as oxides,
Kaolin is a hydrated
aluminum silicate
obtained by mining
naturally occurring
mineral deposits.
Mined kaolin is
powdered and freed of
coarse, gritty
particles either by
elutriation or by
screening. Impurities
such as
ferric oxide, calcium
carbonate, and

Mg Silikat

MgO_SiO2_xH2O

Anticaking agent;
glidant

Talc

Mg6(Si2O5)4(OH)4

Anticaking agent;
glidant; tablet
and capsule
diluent; tablet
and
capsule
lubricant.

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kaolin has been used

in poultices and as a
dusting powder.
Therapeutically, kaolin
has been used in oral
antidiarrheal
preparations
Magnesium silicate is
used in oral
pharmaceutical
formulations
and food products as a
glidant and an anticaking
agent.

Dusting powder 90.0

99.0 %
Glidant and tablet
lubricant 1.010.0 %
Tablet
and
capsule
diluent 5.030.0 %

magnesium carbonate
are
removed with an
electromagnet and by
treatment with
hydrochloric acid and/or
sulfuric acids.
Magnesium silicate may
be prepared from
sodium silicate and
magnesium sulfate. The
silicate also occurs in
nature as the
minerals meerschaum,
parasepiolite,
and
sepiolite
Talc is a naturally
occurring
hydropolysilicate
mineral found in
many parts of the world
including Australia,
China, Italy, India,
France, and the USA.
Naturally occurring talc
is mined and pulverized
before
being subjected to
flotation processes to
remove various
impurities such as
asbestos (tremolite);
carbon; dolomite; iron

oxide; and various

other magnesium and
carbonate minerals.
Following this process,
the talc is finely
powdered, treated with
dilute hydrochloric acid,
washed with water, and
then dried.
The processing
variables of
agglomerated talc
strongly influence
its
physical
characteristics.

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