Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
Proyectos en Ingeniera
Definicin de Proyecto
Conjunto de actividades necesarias para la
construccin y puesta en servicio de una
planta industrial. Comprende desde la
concepcin de la idea hasta la obtencin de
los productos , en la cantidad y con la calidad
necesarias, pasando por la evaluacin
econmica y de impacto ambiental.
Definir especificaciones
De diseo
Construir modelos
Primeras
Etapas
Del diseo
Aprobacin del
Cliente o consumidor
Generar diseos
I+D si es necesaria
Predecir resultados
Evaluar economa,
Optimar y seleccionar
diseos
Diseo detallado y
Seleccin del equipo
Adquisicin y
Construccin
Puesta en marcha
Etapas decisivas
Comn en todos los procesos de diseo de todas las industrias
Bases Diseo
Project Name
Project Number
Company Name
Address
REV
Sheet
DATE
BY
APVD
REV
DATE
1
BY
APVD
DESIGN BASIS
Form XXXXX-YY-ZZ
1 General Information
Owners Name
Process Unit Name
Plant Location
Correspondance Contacts
Address
Telephone / Fax
E-mail
2 Measurement System
English
Metric
AC
B
C
CT
D
E
F
Air cooler
Boiler
Compressor, blower, fan
Cooling tower
Dryer
Exchanger
Filter, classifier
G
H
J
M
ME
P
PRV
Grinder, mill
Heater (fired or electric)
Ejector, jet, turboexpander
Mixer
Miscellaneous equipment
Pump
Pressure relief valve
R
SP
T
V
Reactor
Sample point
Storage tank
Vessel (including columns)
4 Primary Products
Product Name
Product Grade
MSDS Form Number
Production Rate
Tons per year
Tons per day
Other units
Additional specifications
6 Site Information
Low ambient temperature (F)
High ambient temperature (F)
Hight ambient relative humidity (%)
Site elevation (ft)
Maximum wind loading (mph)
Other site design requirements
Name
ppmw
Name
ppmw
Name
ppmw
Name
ppmw
1. Informacin general
2. Sistema de unidades
3. Equipamiento. Cdigos y nomenclatura
4. Productos: grado, cantidad, MSDS,
5. Materias Primas: grado, cantidad,
disponibilidad, MSDS, precio,
6. Informacin sobre el lugar:
temperatura, presin, condiciones
climatolgicas, elevacin del terreno.
Bases Diseo
1. Informacin General
Project Name
Project Number
Project Name
Project Number
Company Name
Address
REV
Sheet
DATE
BY
APVD
REV
DATE
REV
1
BY
APVD
DESIGN BASIS
DATE
Sheet
BY
APVD
REV
DATE
1
BY
APVD
Form XXXXX-YY-ZZ
1 General Information
Owners Name
Process Unit Name
Plant Location
Correspondance Contacts
Address
Telephone / Fax
E-mail
2 Measurement System
English
Metric
AC
B
C
CT
D
E
F
Air cooler
Boiler
Compressor, blower, fan
Cooling tower
Dryer
Exchanger
Filter, classifier
G
H
J
M
ME
P
PRV
Grinder, mill
Heater (fired or electric)
Ejector, jet, turboexpander
Mixer
Miscellaneous equipment
Pump
Pressure relief valve
R
SP
T
V
Reactor
Sample point
Storage tank
Vessel (including columns)
4 Primary Products
Product Name
Product Grade
MSDS Form Number
Production Rate
Tons per year
Tons per day
Other units
1 General Information
Owners Name
Additional specifications
6 Site Information
Low ambient temperature (F)
High ambient temperature (F)
Hight ambient relative humidity (%)
Site elevation (ft)
Maximum wind loading (mph)
Other site design requirements
Name
ppmw
Name
ppmw
Name
ppmw
Name
ppmw
Plant Location
Correspondance Contacts
Address
Telephone / Fax
E-mail
Bases Diseo
2. Sistemas de Unidades
3. Equipamiento
Project Name
Project Number
Company Name
Address
REV
Sheet
DATE
BY
APVD
REV
DATE
1
BY
APVD
DESIGN BASIS
Form XXXXX-YY-ZZ
1 General Information
Owners Name
Process Unit Name
Plant Location
Correspondance Contacts
Address
Telephone / Fax
E-mail
2 Measurement System
English
Metric
AC
B
C
CT
D
E
F
Air cooler
Boiler
Compressor, blower, fan
Cooling tower
Dryer
Exchanger
Filter, classifier
G
H
J
M
ME
P
PRV
Grinder, mill
Heater (fired or electric)
Ejector, jet, turboexpander
Mixer
Miscellaneous equipment
Pump
Pressure relief valve
R
SP
T
V
Reactor
Sample point
Storage tank
Vessel (including columns)
4 Primary Products
Product Name
Product Grade
MSDS Form Number
2 Measurement System
Production Rate
Tons per year
Tons per day
Other units
English
Additional Specifications
Metric
Additional specifications
6 Site Information
Low ambient temperature (F)
High ambient temperature (F)
Hight ambient relative humidity (%)
Site elevation (ft)
Maximum wind loading (mph)
Other site design requirements
Name
ppmw
Name
ppmw
Name
ppmw
Name
ppmw
Instrucciones a seguir
Sistema de Unidades
AC
B
C
CT
D
E
F
Air cooler
Boiler
Compressor, blower, fan
Cooling tower
Dryer
Exchanger
Filter, classifier
G
H
J
M
ME
P
PRV
Grinder, mill
Heater (fired or electric)
Ejector, jet, turboexpander
Mixer
Miscellaneous equipment
Pump
Pressure relief valve
R
SP
T
V
Cdigos (equipamiento)
Reactor
Sample point
Storage tank
Vessel (including columns)
Cdigos de prcticas establecidos por paneles de expertos nacionales e internacionales (e.g., ISO, ASME, API, ISA)
Son revisados y reestablecidos peridicamente
Abarcan: materiales (propiedades y composiciones), procedimientos de ensayos para rendimiento, composiciones y
calidad; tamaos para tuberas, platos y secciones; mtodos de diseo, inspeccin y fabricacin; seguridad de la planta.
Tubing dimensions, valve sizes, exchanger layouts, screw threads, wire gauges, screens,
ASTM International - American Society for Testing and Materials - is a scientific and technical
organization that develops and publishes voluntary standards on the characteristics of material,
products, systems and services
Reino Unido, Institucin Britnica de estndares (BSI): Catlogo del Instituto Estndar
Britnico (www.BSI-global.com).
La organizacin nacional de la estandarizacin (ISO) coordina la publicacin de los
estndares internacionales, (www.iso.com).
Comisin Electrotcnica Internacional (IEC), que rene estndares de tipo electrnico
para equipos elctricos (www.iec.ch).
Pases europeos deben acogerse a los estndares europeos o internacionales, estn
recogidos por el Comit europeo para estandarizacin (CEN), el comit europeo para la
estandarizacin elctrotcnica (CONELEC) y el instituto europeo de estndares de
telecomunicaciones (ETSI).
Estados Unidos, Instituto nacional de estndares y tecnologa (NIST); los estndares se
publican por las diversas organizaciones federales, estatales y comerciales: Instituto de
estndares nacional americano (ANSI), el instituto petrolfero americano (API), la
sociedad americana de los ingenieros mecnicos (ASME) para reactores a presin y
tuberas, la asociacin nacional de proteccin contra el fuego (NFPA), la asociacin de
productores de intercambiadores tubulares (TEMA) para intercambiadores de calor y la
sociedad de instrumentacin, sistemas y automatizacin (ISA) para el control de
procesos.
Listas de cdigos y estndares en https://global.ihs.com.
(ft)
lbm
lbf
s
R
Btu,(ft)(lbf)
hp
lbm/ft3
ft/s
ft/s2
lbf/pulg2
Btu/(lbm)(F)
Magnitud
Temperatura
Unidad Habitual
C, (K para temperaturas absolutas)
Presin
bar
Esfuerzo
N/m2
Volmenes
Caudales Volumtricos
Cantidad
Capacidad de la planta
Costes
m3
m3/h
Kmol/h
MT/a
Dolares US,
Bases Diseo
4. Productos
Project Name
Project Number
Company Name
Address
REV
Sheet
DATE
BY
APVD
REV
DATE
1
BY
APVD
DESIGN BASIS
Form XXXXX-YY-ZZ
1 General Information
Owners Name
Process Unit Name
Plant Location
Product Name
Product Grade
MSDS Form Number
Correspondance Contacts
Address
Telephone / Fax
E-mail
2 Measurement System
English
Metric
AC
B
C
CT
D
E
F
Air cooler
Boiler
Compressor, blower, fan
Cooling tower
Dryer
Exchanger
Filter, classifier
G
H
J
M
ME
P
PRV
Grinder, mill
Heater (fired or electric)
Ejector, jet, turboexpander
Mixer
Miscellaneous equipment
Pump
Pressure relief valve
R
SP
T
V
Reactor
Sample point
Storage tank
Vessel (including columns)
4 Primary Products
Product Name
Product Grade
MSDS Form Number
Production Rate
Tons per year
Tons per day
Other units
Production Rate
Tons per year
Tons per day
Other units
Additional specifications
Name
ppmw
Name
ppmw
Name
ppmw
Name
ppmw
6 Site Information
Low ambient temperature (F)
High ambient temperature (F)
Hight ambient relative humidity (%)
Site elevation (ft)
Maximum wind loading (mph)
Other site design requirements
Additional Specifications
Bases Diseo
5. Materias primas
Project Name
Project Number
Company Name
Address
REV
Sheet
DATE
BY
APVD
REV
DATE
1
BY
APVD
DESIGN BASIS
Feedstock name
Feedstock grade
MSDS form number
Form XXXXX-YY-ZZ
1 General Information
Owners Name
Process Unit Name
Plant Location
Correspondance Contacts
Address
Telephone / Fax
E-mail
2 Measurement System
English
Metric
AC
B
C
CT
D
E
F
Air cooler
Boiler
Compressor, blower, fan
Cooling tower
Dryer
Exchanger
Filter, classifier
G
H
J
M
ME
P
PRV
Grinder, mill
Heater (fired or electric)
Ejector, jet, turboexpander
Mixer
Miscellaneous equipment
Pump
Pressure relief valve
R
SP
T
V
Reactor
Sample point
Storage tank
Vessel (including columns)
4 Primary Products
Feedstock availability
Tons per year
Tons per day
Other units
Product Name
Product Grade
MSDS Form Number
Production Rate
Tons per year
Tons per day
Other units
Name
ppmw
Name
ppmw
Name
ppmw
Name
ppmw
Additional specifications
6 Site Information
Low ambient temperature (F)
High ambient temperature (F)
Hight ambient relative humidity (%)
Site elevation (ft)
Maximum wind loading (mph)
Other site design requirements
Additional specifications
Name
ppmw
MSDS
ACC# 00220
CAS#
107-06-2
Chemical Name
1,2-Dichloroethane
Percent
EINECS/ELINCS
>99.9
203-458-1
Nombre sustancia
Sinnimo
Fabricante, informacin
de contacto
Composicin
Informacin
sobre
toxicidad y riesgos
www.ilpi.com
Hazard Symbols: T F
Risk Phrases: 11 22 36/37/38 45
Bases Diseo
5. Informacin sobre el lugar
Project Name
Project Number
Company Name
Address
REV
Sheet
DATE
BY
APVD
REV
DATE
1
BY
APVD
DESIGN BASIS
Form XXXXX-YY-ZZ
1 General Information
Owners Name
Process Unit Name
Plant Location
Correspondance Contacts
Address
Telephone / Fax
E-mail
2 Measurement System
English
Metric
AC
B
C
CT
D
E
F
Air cooler
Boiler
Compressor, blower, fan
Cooling tower
Dryer
Exchanger
Filter, classifier
G
H
J
M
ME
P
PRV
Grinder, mill
Heater (fired or electric)
Ejector, jet, turboexpander
Mixer
Miscellaneous equipment
Pump
Pressure relief valve
R
SP
T
V
Reactor
Sample point
Storage tank
Vessel (including columns)
4 Primary Products
Product Name
Product Grade
MSDS Form Number
Production Rate
Tons per year
Tons per day
Other units
Name
ppmw
Name
ppmw
Name
ppmw
Name
ppmw
Additional specifications
6 Site Information
Low ambient temperature (F)
High ambient temperature (F)
Hight ambient relative humidity (%)
Site elevation (ft)
Maximum wind loading (mph)
Other site design requirements
Bases Diseo
Project Name
Project Number
Company Name
Address
REV
Sheet
DATE
BY
APVD
REV
DATE
Form XXXXX-YY-ZZ
7 Utility Information
Fuel Oil
Fuel source or operation mode
Supply header temperature (F)
Supply headder pressure (psia)
Net calorific value (BTU/lb)
Marginal availability (lb/h)
Marginal fuel cost ($/MMBTU)
Fuel viscosity at
F
Fuel viscosity at
F
Flash point (F)
Pour point (F)
Sulfur content (wppm)
Nitrogen content (wppm)
Ash content (wt %)
Steam
Steam header classification
Operating pressure (psia)
Operating temperature (F)
Mechanical design pressure (psia)
Mechanical design temperature (F)
Marginal availability (lb/h)
Marginal cost ($/Mlb)
Coolants
Coolant classification
Operating pressure (psia)
Supply temperature (F)
Maximum return temperature (F)
Marginal availability (lb/h)
Marginal cost ($)
Marginal cost units
Process Water Feeds
Water feed stream
Supply pressure (psia)
Supply temperature (F)
Marginal availability (lb/h)
Marginal cost ($/1000 gal)
Total dissolved solids (wt%)
Hardness as CaCO3 (ppmw)
Chloride as Cl (ppmw)
Metallurgy
Nat Gas
#2 Heating Oil
VHP
HP
MP
Once-Through Water
Chilled Water
Raw Water
Process Water
LP
tiles.
Fuel gases
Fuel oils
Vapor de agua
Refrigerantes
Agua de procesos
Electricidad
Aire para Procesos
Condensate
Electric power
Power range (kW)
Voltage (V)
Phase
Frequency (Hz)
Marginal availability (kW)
Marginal cost ($/kWh)
Plant air streams
Air stream
Header pressure (psia)
Header temperature (F)
Moisture (ppmw)
Marginal availability (lb/h)
Marginal cost ($/Mscf)
APVD
Otras
especificaciones
Servicios:
DESIGN BASIS
Fuel Gas
Gas source or operation mode
Supply header temperature (F)
Supply header pressure (psia)
Net calorific value (BTU/lb)
Marginal availability (lb/h)
Marginal fuel cost ($/MMBTU)
Sulfur content (wppm)
Nitrogen content (wppm)
Chlorine content (wppm)
Gas composition (vol%)
H2O
O2
N2
CO
CO2
H2S
H2
CH4
C2H4
C2H6
C3H6
C3H8
C4H8
iC4H10
nC4H10
C5H10
C5+
2
BY
Plant Air
Instrument Air
Plant Nitrogen
Restricciones al diseo
Considerar varios caminos alternativos para
llegar al objetivo, dependiendo de la
naturaleza de las restricciones.
Algunas restricciones sern fijas, invariables,
tal como aquellas que surgen de las leyes
fsicas, regulaciones gubernamentales, y
estandarizaciones (denominadas factores o
restricciones externas) . Otras sern menos
rgidas, y sern factibles de variacin en la
bsqueda del mejor diseo.
Dentro de estos lmites, habr un nmero de
diseos posibles limitados por otras
restricciones, las restricciones internas:
cambio de proceso, cambio de condiciones
de operacin, materiales, equipos, etc.
Negocio
Jefe Proyecto
Ingenieros de
Procesos
Especialistas
Tcnicos
Especialistas
I+D
Ingenieros de
Control
Ingenieros
Mecnicos
Economistas
Ingenieros
civiles
Consultores
Contratista
Adems:
Se desarrolla e implementa por el jefe de proyecto
Establece los lmites temporales para las actividades y las
decisiones acerca del proyecto.
Permite establecer y programar todas las tareas tanto las
propias como aquellas subrogadas.
Permite establecer los recursos humanos necesarios para
cada una de las tareas.
Adecuar los costes iniciales estimados a cada una de las
tareas.
Estructura y Organizacin
Fase 1. Diseo del proceso
Suele indicarse la
temperatura y presin de
cada una de las corrientes.
XYZ Co.
Esquema del PFD del proceso de produccin de benceno via hidrodealquilacin de tolueno
1
25C
120 kPa
kg/h
kmol/h
wt%
2
25C
121 kPa
mol%
kg/h
kmol/h
wt%
3
25C
122 kPa
mol%
kg/h
kmol/h
wt%
4
25C
123 kPa
mol%
kg/h
kmol/h
wt%
5
25C
124 kPa
mol%
kg/h
kmol/h
wt%
6
25C
125 kPa
mol%
kg/h
kmol/h
wt%
7
25C
126 kPa
mol%
kg/h
kmol/h
wt%
8
25C
127 kPa
mol%
kg/h
kmol/h
wt%
9
25C
128 kPa
mol%
kg/h
kmol/h
wt%
10
25C
129 kPa
mol%
kg/h
kmol/h
wt%
11
25C
130 kPa
mol%
kg/h
kmol/h
wt%
Normalmente se
especifican como una tabla
adjunta al diagrama de
flujo.
12
25C
131 kPa
mol%
kg/h
kmol/h
wt%
mol%
Hydrogen
Helium
Lithium
Beryllium
Boron
Nitrogen
Carbon
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Fluorine
Neon
Total
XYZ Co.
1
25C
120 kPa
kg/h
Hydrogen
Helium
Lithium
Beryllium
Boron
Nitrogen
Carbon
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Fluorine
Neon
Total
kmol/h
wt%
2
25C
121 kPa
mol%
kg/h
kmol/h
wt%
3
25C
122 kPa
mol%
kg/h
kmol/h
wt%
4
25C
123 kPa
mol%
kg/h
kmol/h
wt%
5
25C
124 kPa
mol%
kg/h
kmol/h
wt%
6
25C
125 kPa
mol%
kg/h
kmol/h
wt%
7
25C
126 kPa
mol%
kg/h
kmol/h
wt%
8
25C
127 kPa
mol%
kg/h
kmol/h
wt%
9
25C
128 kPa
mol%
kg/h
kmol/h
wt%
10
25C
129 kPa
mol%
kg/h
kmol/h
wt%
11
25C
130 kPa
mol%
kg/h
kmol/h
wt%
12
25C
131 kPa
mol%
kg/h
kmol/h
wt%
mol%
XYZ Co.
1
25C
120 kPa
kg/h
Hydrogen
Methane
Ethane
Ethylene
Propane
Propylene
Butanes
n-butylene
i-butylene
Water
Carbon dioxide
Total
kmol/h
wt%
mol%
Label
Equipment Name
Type
Metallurgy
No. of
Items
Capacity
Measure
Capacity
Units
Capacity
Measure
Capacity
Units
Air cooler
Area
m2
Boiler
Steam rate
kg/h
Column
Diameter
No. of trays
Compressor
Flow
m3/s
Power
kW
Cooling tower
Flow
m3/h
Dryer
Evap duty
kg/h
Ejector
Gas flow
kg/h
Exchanger
Area
m2
Heater (fired)
Duty
MW
Air cooler
Mixer
Drive power
kW
Air cooler
Motor
Power
kW
Air cooler
Pump
Flow
litre/min
Power
kW
Air cooler
Tank
Volume
m3
Air cooler
Vessel
Volume
m3
Project Name
Project Number
Company Name
Address
REV
DATE
Sheet
BY
APVD
REV
1
DATE
of
1
BY
APVD
Form XXXXX-YY-ZZ
Owner's Name
Plant Location
Case Description
Equipment label
Plant section
Process service
Design code
Shells per unit
Surface per unit
DATA PER UNIT
Units
English
Metric
Equipment name
TEMA
ft2
Exchanger type
Series
Surface per shell
Parallel
ft2
SHELL SIDE
IN
Stream No.
Fluid
Total fluid flow
Total vapor flow
Total liquid flow
Total steam flow
Fluid vaporized / condensed
Density
Dynamic viscosity
Specific heat capacity
Thermal conductivity
Latent heat
Normal temperature
Max temperature
Min temperature
Pressure
Pressure drop allowed
Pressure drop calculated
Flow velocity
TUBE SIDE
OUT
IN
OUT
lb/h
lb/h
lb/h
lb/h
lb/h
lb/cu ft
lbm/ft.s
Btu/lb.F
Btu.ft/h.ft2.F
Btu/lb
F
F
F
psia
psi
psi
ft/s
Number of passes
Film transfer coefficient
Fouling coefficient
Heat duty
FT factor
Effective mean temperature difference
Minimum surface required
Btu/h.ft2.F
Btu/h.ft2.F
Btu/h
F
ft2
Tubes
Material
Count
Length
Design pressure at max temp
Number of tubes blanked
Pitch
O.D.
Test pressure
in
in
psia
Square
Triangular
Wall thickness
Max external pressure
Welded
in
psia
ft
psia
I.D.
Test pressure
Baffle type
in
psia
Wall thickness
Min internal pressure
Baffle pitch
Tubesheet thickness
Bonnet type
in
psia
in
in
in N.B.
in N.B.
in N.B.
in N.B.
ft
psia
Shell
Material
Length
Design pressure at max temp
Baffle material
Tubesheet material
Bonnet material
Branches
Shell side inlet
Tube side inlet
NOTES
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Tabla de especificaciones
Informacin y revisiones
Equipamiento
Datos de los flujos de
entrada y salida
Informacin sobre los
clulos de los diseos de
los equipos.
Dimensiones y detalles
de la construccin.
Notas
Project Name
Project Number
Company Name
Address
REV
DATE
Sheet
BY
APVD
REV
1
DATE
of
1
BY
Owner's Name
Plant Location
Case Description
Equipment label
Plant section
Process service
Design code
Shells per unit
Surface per unit
DATA PER UNIT
Units
English
Equipment name
TEMA
ft2
Exchanger type
Series
Surface per shell
Parallel
ft2
SHELL SIDE
IN
Stream No.
Fluid
Total fluid flow
Total vapor flow
Total liquid flow
Total steam flow
Fluid vaporized / condensed
Density
Dynamic viscosity
Specific heat capacity
Thermal conductivity
Latent heat
Normal temperature
Max temperature
Min temperature
Pressure
Pressure drop allowed
Pressure drop calculated
Flow velocity
TUBE SIDE
OUT
IN
OUT
lb/h
lb/h
lb/h
lb/h
lb/h
lb/cu ft
lbm/ft.s
Btu/lb.F
Btu.ft/h.ft2.F
Btu/lb
F
F
F
psia
psi
psi
ft/s
Number of passes
Film transfer coefficient
Fouling coefficient
Heat duty
FT factor
Effective mean temperature difference
Minimum surface required
Btu/h.ft2.F
Btu/h.ft2.F
Btu/h
F
ft2
Pitch
O.D.
Test pressure
in
in
psia
Square
Triangular
Wall thickness
Max external pressure
Welded
in
psia
ft
psia
I.D.
Test pressure
Baffle type
in
psia
Wall thickness
Min internal pressure
Baffle pitch
Tubesheet thickness
Bonnet type
in
psia
in
in
in N.B.
in N.B.
in N.B.
in N.B.
ft
psia
Shell
Material
Length
Design pressure at max temp
Baffle material
Tubesheet material
Bonnet material
Branches
Shell side inlet
Tube side inlet
NOTES
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Metric
APVD
XYZ Co.
Costes variables de la
produccin
Materias primas
Consumibles
Packaging & shipping
Coste Capital
Working capital
Installed capital cost
Royalty costs
Annual capital charge
www.epa.gov/tri/chemical/index.htm
Ingeniera de detalle
Documentacin Tcnica
Requisitos legales
Construccin
La construccin se suele contratar de forma segmentada
por especialidades a distintas empresas:
-Obra civil (preparacin del terreno, cimentaciones,
pavimento, edificios, etc.)
-Montaje metalrgico o mecnico (equipo, tuberas,
estructuras metlicas, etc.)
-Montaje de la Instrumentacin
-Montaje elctrico
-Pintura
-Calorifugado
Puesta en marcha y
operacin
Puesta en marcha
Introducir cargas, arrancar bombas, arrancar equipos de
operacin, ajustar condiciones de presin y de
temperatura, elevar la carga a la capacidad de diseo
Pruebas de garantas
Comprobar el correcto funcionamiento referente a la
capacidad y rendimiento de productos, consumo de
servicios auxiliares, eficiencia de equipos, etc.
Evaluacin de Riesgos