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Mechanical Vibrations
VIBRATION CONTROL
UNDAMPED DYNAMIC VIBRATION
ABSORBERS
MEMB443
Mechanical Vibrations
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Upon completion of this lecture, you should be able to:
Understand the differences between vibration dampers,
vibration isolators and dynamic vibration absorbers.
Appreciate the merits and limitations of dynamic vibration
absorbers in vibration control practice.
Design dynamic vibration absorbers to required
specifications for vibration control purposes.
MEMB443
Mechanical Vibrations
INTRODUCTION
A machine or system may experience excessive vibration
if it is acted upon by a force whose excitation frequency is
close to the natural frequency of the machine or system.
The vibration could be reduced either by eliminating the
force; or by changing the mass or stiffness of the system so
as to move its natural frequency away from the excitation
frequency.
Another way to reduce the vibration is by the use of
dynamic vibration absorber, which is simply another
spring-mass system attached to the original system.
MEMB443
Mechanical Vibrations
MEMB443
Mechanical Vibrations
MEMB443
Mechanical Vibrations
EQUATIONS OF MOTION
The equation of motions are:
(1)
x1 a1 sin t
x2 a2 sin t
(2)
MEMB443
Mechanical Vibrations
K k a1 ka2 P0
ka1 m k a2 0
2
(3)
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1
a1 k a2 xst
K 2
K
n
2
a1 a2 1 2
a
(4)
xst
P0
staticdeflectionof main system
K
k
naturalfrequency of absorber
m
K
naturalfrequency of main system
M
MEMB443
Mechanical Vibrations
a1
and
a2
, we have:
2
1 2
a
a1
xst 2
k 2 k
1 2 1 2
a K n K
(5)
a2
1
xst 2
k 2 k
1 2 1 2
a K n K
The amplitude a1 of the main mass is zero when the
numerator 1 2 / a2 is zero; this occurs when the excitation
frequency equals the natural frequency of the absorber.
MEMB443
Mechanical Vibrations
2
4
2
1
n
(6)
2
2
a
2
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Mechanical Vibrations
P
K
xst 0
k
k
(7)
With the main mass standing still and the damper mass
having a motion P0 / k , the force in the damper spring
varies as P0 sint which is actually equal and opposite to
the external force.
These relations are true for any value of the ratio / n .
The addition of an absorber has not much reason unless the
original system is in resonance or at least near it.
MEMB443
Mechanical Vibrations
k / m K / M or k / K m / M
2
1 2
a
x1
sint
2
2
xst
1
1
2
2
a
a
x2
1
sint
2
2
xst
1
1
2
2
a
a
(8)
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2
1
4
a 2
(9)
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MEMB443
Mechanical Vibrations
MEMB443
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EXAMPLE 1
A 200 kg machine is attached to a spring of stiffness 4x105
N/m. During operation the machine is subjected to a
harmonic excitation of magnitude 500 N and frequency 50
rad/s. Design an undamped vibration absorber such that
the steady-state amplitude of the primary mass is zero and
the steady-state amplitude of the absorber is less than 2
mm.
MEMB443
Mechanical Vibrations
EXAMPLE 1 (cont.)
The steady-state amplitude of the machine is zero when the
absorber is tuned to the excitation frequency. Therefore:
k
a
m
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EXAMPLE 1 (cont.)
Using the minimum allowable stiffness, the required
absorber mass is:
2.5 105
m 2
100 kg
2
a
50
k
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EXAMPLE 2
What are the natural frequencies of the system of Example
1 with the absorber in place.
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Mechanical Vibrations
EXAMPLE 2 (cont.)
The mass ratio is given by:
100/ 200 0.5
The natural frequency of the original system is:
4 105
n
44.72 rad/s
200
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Mechanical Vibrations
EXAMPLE 2 (cont.)
The natural frequencies of the 2 degrees-of-freedom
system with the absorber in place are given in Eq. (6).
2
4
2
1
n
a
2
a
m
and
M
n
MEMB443
Mechanical Vibrations
EXAMPLE 2 (cont.)
Inserting the values of , anda into this equation, we
obtain the two natural frequencies: