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Warner

Bros.
Pictures

By Danielle Scattergood

Contents Page
Page 1 Front Cover
Page 2 and 3 Contents Page
Page 4 Introduction of the Production Company
Page 5 Ownership
Page 6 and 7 Operating Model
Page 8 Products
Page 9 Market Position
Page 10 Competitors
Page 11 Page Divider - Film
Page 12 Introduction of the Film
Page 13 Purpose
Page 14 and 15 Genre/Styles
Page 16 Form
Page 17 and 18 Synopsis
Page 19 and 20 Content (Narrative Structure)
Page 21 to 24 Camera Shots, Angles and Movements
Page 25 Editing
Page 26 Sounds
Page 27 Mise-en-Scene
Page 28 to 30 Special Effects
Page 31 and 32 Meaning
Page 33 and 34 Production Process
Page 35 Financial Costs
Page 36 Page Divider

Page 37 Target Audience


Page 38 and 39 Questionnaire
Page 40 to 46 Target Audience Analysis
Page 47 and 48 Distribution and Advertising
Page 49 to 51 Impacts and Effects on the Audience
Page 52 and 53 Relevant Issues of Representation
Page 54 to 57 Legal and Ethical Issues
Page 58 and 59 Regulatory Bodies
Page 60 and 61 Bibliography

Introduction of
the Production
Company
In this brochure, I am going to explore and research the production company of Warner Bros.
Pictures.
I have chosen to do this because I have watched lots of films that have been produced by this
company and it is also extremely famous therefore I know there will be lots of information
about it which will help me to do this brochure.
Furthermore, I love and know lots about Harry Potter and these films are what they are most
known for which means my research about what they have produced will be very detailed
and more accurate.
Warner Bros. Pictures International is a massive company and one of the biggest in the world
in marketing and distributing films, either directly to cinemas or in union with partner
companies and co-ventures.

Ownership
Warner Bros. Pictures or otherwise known as Warner Bros. Studios was created by four
brothers called; Albert, Sam, Harry and Jack Warner (hence the name of the company). The
company was founded on the 4th April 1923 by the same four brothers. On the other hand
between the years of 1966 and 2006 the Warner Bros. Studios joined ventures with lots of
other production companies and have released many films and television shows with those
companies. At one point they even sold the studios to Canadian investors called Elliot and
Kenneth Hyman for $32million. In the result of this the name then changed to Warner Bros.
Seven Arts. Jack Warner stayed the president of it though and worked closely with the
investors. Although this only lasted 2 years because the Hyman brothers then sold the
company to Kinney National Company which means the name was changed again to Warner
Bros. Inc. They have made and dissolved partnerships with companies such as; Columbia
Studios, Walt Disney, EMI Films, Cannon Films and a few others.
In 1903, the brothers began in the film business as travelling exhibitors, moving throughout
Ohio and Pennsylvania with their portable projector. They gradually became more and more
interested in the business and started opening up cinemas, by 1907 they had 3 cinemas open
in New Castle, Pennsylvania and was showing films that they had made. By 1908 they had
obtained 200 film titles and were working their way upwards as they ended up in moving to
California to do bigger and better films.
Although all brothers created and co-owns the production company, Harry was named
president, Albert as treasurer controlling and guiding the companys finances while Sam and
Jack concentrated on production. Not only do they produce films, they also do television
programmes. Finally in 1992 Warner Bros. Family Entertainment was established.
Although, in 1967 Jack Warner sold the Studio to Elliot and Ken Hyman and the company
was renamed Warner Bros.-Seven Arts but this did not last long. From then on it was bought
and sold to many different companies. Time Warner now owns Warner Brothers; they are an
American multinational media corporation headquartered in the Time Warner Centre in New
York City. The company is now called A Time Warner Company.

Operating
Model
The company was founded in California, America and the production company was operating
there for a few years but as the company expanded worldwide they opened up operating
offices in over 30 countries to run specific parts. It is mostly managed from London, England
due to the popularity of the Warner Bros. Studio Tour London The Making of Harry
Potter. Therefore most of it is operated from London, but there are other parts that are ran
from offices in California, America where it was founded.
Warner Bros. Entertainment Inc. is a global leader in the creation production distribution
licensing and marketing of all forms of entertainment and their related businesses (Warner
Bros.com (2013) Company Overview (online) Available from <
http://www.warnerbros.com/studio/about/company-overview.html > (Accessed 18th
September 2013)). They produce feature films, television programmes, DVDs and home
entertainment (which include animated films) and they also create video games. The studios
make and sell films and because they are so popular they produce a lot of merchandise like
clothes, toys, accessories etc. They also own the licences to the films which includes the
logos and designs. In recent years, due to the success of the Harry Potter saga, they have
opened a Warner Brother Studios Tour The Making of Harry Potter in London which has a
gift shop and sells a large variety of merchandise like costumes, wands, sweets and more.
The target audience of the majority of their films is families due to the genres of films they
produce. Some examples of these family orientated films are Harry Potter, The Man of Steel,
The Hobbit, Batman Begins, The Wizard of Oz etc. Their films have been released in over
120 international places and their TV series, films etc are subtitled in more than 40 languages,
which means they have audiences/customers worldwide. Although they have people of all
ages watching their products, 35% of their expected target audience is under 17 years of age.
Also, according to past data, half of the people that attend the cinema are within the age
group of 12-29 and this includes an equal amount of females and males.
Many segments are separated by the age certification of their films, U, PG, 12, 15 and 18+.
This production company does such a wide variety of films, TV programmes etc that their
products cover nearly every one of those age ratings, but maybe not 18+ as most of their
products are produced for mainly families. Here is a vast variety of segments which covers a
huge customer base; Bros. Studios, Warner Bros. Pictures, Warner Bros. Interactive
Entertainment, Warner Bros. Television, Warner Bros. Animation, Warner Home Video, New
Line Cinema, TheWB.com, and DC Entertainment. Those segments are suitable and ranged

from youngsters to elderly people so everyone can watch something. The Warner Bros. also
owns half of The CW Television Network, the W in it stands for Warner and the C in it
represents the CBS Corporation

The Time Warner Segments


Home video & electronic delivery
Filmed Entertainment
Networks
Publishing
Subscription
Advertising
Content
Other
Theatrical product
Television product

8.73 % of total revenue


38.62 % of total revenue
50.44 % of total revenue
10.94 % of total revenue
33.74 % of total revenue
22.46 %of total revenue
38.36 % of total revenue
3.09 % of total revenue
20.76 % of total revenue
13.04 % of total revenue

The table above shows other segments they use to categorise the products (films, TV series
etc) they make, it also shows the total percentage revenue they make from each of the
segments so they know which ones they are successful in and which they are lacking in.
The Warner Bros. Studios have made many alliances with people including internationally.
Some of the biggest ones are with Walt Disney pictures and CBS corporation, these alliances
are most critical because they are two very big competitors which means producing films and
other pieces with them will result in even bigger profits for the studio. Also in 1972, in a costcutting move, Warner and Columbia Pictures formed a partnership called The Burbank
Studios which meant they saved lots of money which means this was a very important union.
Not only did they have partnerships with these two huge companies but Warner Bros. Studios
were in association with China Film Group Corporation which meant that they would
produce movies and bring them out in lots of different countries like China, America, the UK
and lots of others. This was an essential alliance as China is one of the biggest countries in
the world and working together would help make Warner Bros. Studios reputation spread
worldwide.
Barry Myer is the chairman of Warner Bros. Pictures and with Kevin Tsujihara (Chief
Executive Officer) assistance, they work together to oversee worldwide operations and make
decisions with other executives to ensure all the decisions they make are the most beneficial
and are in the companys best interest. The performance is measured by the box office profits
for each film and the viewers numbers. In 2012, the Warner Bros. Pictures Group grossed
$4.3 billion at the worldwide box office with both its domestic and international divisions.

Products
This film company has also created a studio tour in London called Warner Bros. Studios
Harry Potter the Making which gives fans of the Harry Potter films a chance to step on to
authentic sets, discover the special effects that were made and explore the behind-the-scenes
secrets of the Harry Potter film series. Moreover, this studio also has a gift shop which sells
merchandise from the films like costumes, wands, sweets, accessories, drinks and much
more. Jumpers and other items of clothing are branded which are also available to buy in the
shop and online. Warner Bros. have a partnership with CBS Corporation which makes the
CW television network which broadcasts TV series online which includes The Vampire
Diaries, Dexter, Gossip Girl, Supernatural and many more. In places like Germany, Australia
and Spain there are Warner Bros. theme parks including lots of rides and rollercoasters from
some of their most famous films, i.e. Harry Potter. Additionally, because of Harry Potter
being so popular to lots of people of all ages, in Orlando, Florida (America) they have a
resort called The Wizarding World of Harry Potter which is a life size duplicate of the Harry
Potter set in the films including a hotel, a water park and theme park.
Warner Bros. Studios produces a variety of different films ranging from action/thriller to
romantic comedies. They have produced some of the biggest films ever made such as:

Batman Begins, The Dark Knight & The Dark Knight Rises (trilogy)
Harry Potter sequel
Argo
The Green Mile
Inception
Man of Steel
Hangover 1, 2 and 3
The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey
Sex and the City
Fantastic Beasts
The Blind Side
All of these films have reached a total gross between $130,000,000 and $530,000,000
which makes them some of the most popular films of all time. The Harry Potter sequel
broke a record because of the total amount of money which they made from the last film,
Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows part 2.

Market Position
Ran
k

Distributor

Marke
t
Share

Total
Gross*

Movies
2013
Tracke Movies*
d
*

Warner Bros.

16.5%

$1,290.
7

22

13

Universal

16.2%

$1,265.
1

14

11

Buena Vista

14.8%

$1,154.
0

12

20th Century Fox

12.0%

$938.7

14

Sony / Columbia

10.1%

$790.0

15

10

Paramount

9.3%

$726.6

12

Lionsgate

6.6%

$511.8

20

15

Weinstein
Company

5.7%

$444.7

17

12

FilmDistrict

1.7%

$129.2

Open Road Films

1.5%

$114.8

10

(boxofficemojo.com (2013) Studio Market Share (online) Available from


<http://www.boxofficemojo.com/about/?ref=ft> (Accessed 17th September 2013))
Warner Bros. Pictures are the market leaders in the studio field with 16.5% of the market,
closely followed by Universal at 16.2%. As seen from the ranking of the studios above, the
production company I have chosen has the highest position this year. This could be because
they have produced the biggest amount of movies in 2013. Warner Bros. has released 13
films this year but Universal has only released 11 which has affected their market position.

10

Competitors
Warner Bros. Home Entertainment has the world's largest film library; it releases DVDSs
and video games. It produces shows such as The Big Bang Theory (CBS) which is an
extremely popular TV programme, along with Gossip Girl (The CW Network). It also owns
50% of The CW Network and a comic book company called DC Entertainment.
Its main competitors are Paramount Pictures Corporation, Walt Disney Studios, Fox Filmed
Entertainment. Others are Universal, Columbia, Miramax, Lionsgate, Sony Pictures/ Sony
Entertainment. This is because Warner Bros. Pictures produces something similar to all of
these. For example Walt Disney does animated films and so does Warner Bros. Pictures as
they did Scooby Doo. Warner. Bros. Home Entertainment is a great rival to Walt Disney
Studios; it has innovative technology and great animation talents just like Walt Disneys
studio. They have created comparable characters as well as Walt Disney created Donald Duck
but WBs created Daffy Duck.

Universal Studios

Walt Disney Pictures

11

Harry Potter
and the Goblet
of Fire

12

Introduction to
the Film
For my film, I have chosen to do Harry Potter and The Goblet of Fire. This is because I have
watched all the Harry Potter films and this is my favourite out of all of them. I have also
watched this film lots of times so I know a lot about it and what happens.

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Furthermore, I thoroughly enjoy watching this film which means when I am doing this
assignment I will like writing it so it will be more detailed and show a thorough
understanding. Not only have I chosen this film because its my favourite, I have also picked
it because it is the longest out of all the Harry Potter films and due to the plot of it, and there
are lots of special features used. Plus, there are lots of different camera shots and angles
throughout the whole of the film to keep it interesting. Due to it being fantasy, there are
hundreds of different props and costumes in it.
Overall, I think this film includes so many different features, so I will have plenty to write
about therefore I will not get stuck on what to say.

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Purpose
Every film created has been made for a purpose, and these reasons are either to inform,
educate, entertain, sell products or promote brands. Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire was
produced to entertain people as it is all fantasy which excites people and makes them use
their imagination.
When I was watching the film I was constantly sitting on the edge of my seat waiting to see
how the plot would unfold and turn out at the end. This was because throughout the whole
film there was a massive cliff hanger so I was interested to find out what the conclusion was
going to be and because it wasnt answered until the very end, it keeps the audience engaged
and fascinated during the whole film.

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Genre/Styles
A genre is a category or type of media commodity which is determined by the plot of the
story or film. Sometimes genres arent very clear as people interpret the titles of genres in
different ways so thats why sometimes films or other media materials are put into more than
one genre, this is called hybrids. This is a combination of different genres as the plot doesnt
just fit into one category.
Harry Potter is a very magical film as the plot is centred around Wizardry and Witchcraft
which is obviously fiction and based on imagination. Because of this, it puts Harry Potter and
The Goblet of Fire fit into four different genres which are adventure, fantasy, family and
mystery (hybrids).
The characters are linked to the genre because the main character turns out to be a wizard
which is associated with the fantasy genre. Then he leaves home and goes to Hogwarts
School of witchcraft and wizardry, this is the adventure genre. Due to the fact its based
around a school and there are different problems which occur, it makes it suitable for all ages
to watch so fits under the family genre. Lastly, another big cliff hanger in the film is that
Harry Potter (the main character) is the boy who lived, someone attempted to kill him but
he survived and its a mystery how, which is why it is a mystery genre as well.
Certain plots are expected within genres, so this being an adventure film, the audience is
expecting it to have an exciting twist to it if it is a specific genre. The twist in Harry Potter
and the Goblet of Fire is at the end when Mad-eye Moody turns out to be the villain working
for the Voldemort. Due to it being a fantasy as well, the situations and issues can be
predictable, maybe not the whole story but it is obvious that something unusual will happen
as it is fantasy (fiction). It is considered to be a fantasy genre because the plot is revolved
around a boy who is a wizard and does magic, it is a surreal story as none of that exists in
reality. This is the same for the themes; good vs. evil in a mystery film is common and could
be expected. When Harry is picked to do the tournament which he never entered, it is left a
mystery as to who put his name forward. The film centred around a trio of friends, but it isnt
just about them as it involves their families as well, they all work together in order to protect
each other and defeat the evil trying to hurt them. Because of this it appeals to families
because there are people of all ages starring in it as the teachers at Hogwarts are all adults and
Rons family are mostly all older and they are in it a lot as well.
Back drops and locations also give hints away as to what the genre is as well. For example, in
this film there is a castle which is a school (Hogwarts) with ghosts and floating candles which
all relates to the fantasy and mystery genre. At the start of the film, it is set in the Weasleys
house and the whole family is there which conveys the family genre. Lastly, there are tasks
within the film which Harry has to do and one of them is an enchanted maze, this portrayed
the adventure genre as he had to make his way around the maze to win the tournament.

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Additionally, props are used to signify themes and genres. In this film the wands represent
when they are about to do magic so the audience expects something exciting to happen so
they are constantly kept intrigued in the film. This therefore fits into the fantasy, mystery and
adventure genre as magic is just an illusion that is made to look real for this specific film and
when they do spells and things, it makes the audience curious as to what is going to happen
when magic is used. Also, the props portray the family genre as well because things like the
horrible robes that Ron had to wear for the Yule Ball was homemade by his mum in the film
showed the embarrassing family side of things which happen in all families.
The theme tune to Harry Potter is very famous and if heard mostly everyone will know what
it is and where it is from even if they havent watched the films. The music for this film is
very mystical and throughout the movie there are lots of different sounds and noises that
represent different moments, like when a spell is cast there is a specific noise for that action.

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Form
I am writing about Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire the film, but originally, Harry Potter is
a sequel of books. There are seven books and Harry Potter and The Goblet of Fire is the
fourth book. However, there are eight films because the last book is so long, it couldnt be put
into one film so it was split into two parts called Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows Part 1
and Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows Part 2.
The books are extremely similar to the films and you can notice that some of the script is
taken word by word from the books. Although in the third book, there is more detail
compared to the film.

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Synopsis
The film opens with Harry waking up from a nightmare about a graveyard and a man being
killed. He is at Rons house with Hermione but shortly departs as the family is going to the
422nd Quidditch World Cup. After the game the campsite they are staying at gets attacked by
Death Eaters which results in all of them running away. Harry, Ron and Hermione enter their
fourth year at Hogwarts and when they return they are surprised to discover that their magical
school is due to host the legendary event called the Triwizard Tournament, in which one
wizard each from two rival schools and Hogwarts will compete in three dangerous tasks. The
Beauxbatons and Durmstrang who are the rival schools then descend into the school hall
where the rules are announced. One of these rules include that students under the age of 17
are forbidden to enter their names into the tournament because it is too dangerous for them.
While the rules are being announced, the new Defence against the Dark Arts teacher, known
as Alastor Mad Eye Moody comes in. Students over the age of 17 are instructed to write
their names on a piece of parchment (paper) and put it into the Goblet of Fire.
On Halloween, one champion from each of the respective schools are chosen; Cedric Diggory
from Hogwarts, Viktor Krum from Durmstrang and Fleur Delacour from Beauxbatons.
Unexpectedly, a fourth name is produced, Harry Potter, whom of which is under age and
didnt submit their name into the Goblet. When asked, Harry swears that he didnt put his
name in the fire; however, Ron does not believe him and thinks Harry did it to become the
centre of attention again. Some resentment is caused between the two best friends but is
resolved a few days after. With Harry now being compelled to compete, the first task begins!
The champions must retrieve a golden egg which is guarded by a dragon. When entering the
arena, Harry is being smashed around by the dragon so he does a spell to summon his broom.
Harry then flies out of the stadium being chased by the dragon. They end up flying around the
school grounds when the dragon flies into a bridge and dies. He then retrieves the egg and
returns to the common room to celebrate his victory with his friends. When the egg is opened
it will reveal a clue as to what the second task may entail, but when opened, only a loud
screeching noise is heard.
The three schools are soon after informed of the Yule Ball which is a Christmas ball that
occurs when the Triwizard tournament is occurring. Although, Harry and Ron are struggling
to find dates and as its getting closer to the ball they start to panic. This results in them going
with the Patil twins and Hermione with Victor Krum (another Triwizard champion and
famous Quidditch player) which leaves everyone stunned by that and her beauty. Ron quickly
becomes jealous of them and accuses Hermione of "fraternising with the enemy" this leaves
her in tears at the end of the night.

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With the second task approaching quickly, Cedric, a friend of Harrys and the other Hogwarts
champion tells him to get the clue from the egg, he must submerge it under water. When he
does this, the clue reveals that the Merpeople will take something from Harry and will hide it
in the Black Lake. With time running out, Harry, Hermione and Ron look for magical ways to
get Harry to breathe under water long enough for him to complete the task. During this time,
Hermione and Ron are summoned to McGonagall's office. Neville, another friend of Harrys
suggests him to use Gillyweed because when eaten, you will grow gills and webbed hands
and feet to help you swim. The second task starts and Harry eventually finds Ron, Hermione,
Cho Chang and Fleurs sister chained up, Krum saves Hermione, Cedric Cho, Harry Ron
which leaves Fleurs sister. When Fleur doesnt show, Harry saves her and Ron and
completes the task.
At last, the final third task arrives. It consists of them having to go into a huge enchanted
maze in which the Triwizard cup is hidden. Harry and Cedric find it together and grab it at
the same time. The cup turns out to be a port key which leaves them in a graveyard of which
Harry has dreamt of before. Wormtail and a form of Voldemort appear and kill Cedric with a
curse. Harry is now bound to a tombstone while Wormtail drops Voldemort into a burning
cauldron which then brings Voldemort back to full power. He summons Death Eaters while
explaining to Harry how he was the one to take all his power from him long ago. This leads
to him and Harry having a duel and their spells are joined in a chain. Harry finally lets go,
grabs the cup and Cedrics body and returns back to school where everyone finds out that the
Dark Lord is back and Cedric is dead. Mad Eye takes Harry back to his office to calm him
down where Mad Eye begins to change appearance. He reveals that it was him who put
Harrys name in the cup and he is the one who has been helping him pass the tasks by
showing Cedric the egg and Neville the Gillyweed. Suddenly, Dumbledore, Snape and
McGonagall burst in and save Harry from nearly being killed. Dumbledore discovers the real
Moody has been kidnapped and put in a chest and that the one next to him is an imposter who
is Barty Crouch Junior, a Death Eater working for Voldemort. Finally, everything is resolved;
the school year ends but leaves everyone scared about Voldemort being alive again.

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Content
Narrative Structure
Narrative is a telling or spoken account of a sequence of connected events like a story or plot.
There are 3 theories that I have looked at involving narrative structure and these are Vladimir
Propp, Tzvetan Todorov and Claude Levi-Strauss.
Propp looked at hundreds of examples of fairy tales to see if any of them had similar
structures or styles. He discovered the characters and their actions are grouped together which
means they have a certain status in the film. For example someone would be a hero, a villain,
a helper etc. The plot is determined by the actions and choices of these main characters. The
characters in Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire fit under these titles:

Hero Harry Potter because he protects and saves everyone that is in trouble
Villain Voldemort because he kills people and uses illegal, dark magic
Donor Ron Weasley because he supports and helps the hero
Helper Hermione Granger because she protects and aids the hero in every way
Princess Ginny Weasley because she is the heros love interest and they get married
Dispatcher Albus Dumbledore because he helps the hero by giving him information
False Hero Barty Crouch Junior because he pretends to be good and help the hero
but turns out to be a servant of Voldemort (the villain)

Some of these titles are unclear as to what the characters represent. The donor is similar to the
helper; they are almost like a sidekick to the hero who supports them throughout the plot. The
princess is someone who usually classed as the love interest of the hero and gets married in
the end. The dispatcher is someone who also helps the hero but is usually in the background
and supplies the information they need slyly. Lastly, the false hero is a character who pretends
to be a hero but really is doing evil things and is helping them for all the wrong reasons, this
person is usually working with the villain.
He also had a theory that there are 31 functions in a film which the plot follows; it is almost
like a pattern. Some of these functions relate to some key scenes within my film. For
example, function 12 is Hero is tested, interrogated, attacked etc. and preparing the way for
his /her receiving magical agent or helper (donor), in Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire,
Harry is forced to compete in tasks which are extremely dangerous so his skills are tested but
he does get help from Ron and Hermione (his Donor and Helper). Function 16 is Hero and
villain join in direct combat, this also happens as Harry and Voldemort come face to face and
have a duel which is a magical fight using wands. But Harry escapes. Lastly, function 28
says False hero or villain is exposed which happens near the end of the film as Moody is
revealed as Barty Crouch Junior, Voldemorts servant.

21

Todorovs theory is different as he believes that all stories have to start with equilibrium
which means the plot is stable and steady but is then interrupted by an incident. By the end of
the plot there will be equilibrium again. Essentially, he thinks there is a classic narrative as
there is always an obvious beginning, middle and end. If this was the case for my film then
the narrative would be:
1) Equilibrium would be when Harry and the Weasley family go to the Quidditch World
Cup (the beginning)
2) The event that disrupts the stability would be when Dumbledore calls Harrys name out
to be a Triwizard champion (middle).
3) The force which stopped the equilibrium is fought against and this is when Harry fights
with Voldemort (end).
(But in this plot, equilibrium isnt restored at the end because the villain is alive/back again
and Cedric, a friend of Harrys is dead as Voldemort had him killed).
Levi-Strauss thinks that conflict is the biggest thing that drives the plot, characters and
events to oppose each other and become opposites. The most obvious theme involving
opposites in my films would be good vs. evil. This is because Harry is the hero who tries to
save everyone and Voldemort is the one killing people and turning people evil. Strong and
weak is another opposite that is present in Harry Potter because Voldemort is essentially weak
at first and Harry is the strong one but when Voldemort regains his full strength/power, he is
the strong one and Harry is the weak one. Therefore this shows that roles can be reversed
depending on the circumstances.

22

Camera Shots,
Angles and
Movements

This is an extreme long shot as it shows most of the landscape around it and it sets the scene
of the Quidditch World Cup. Its also a birds eye angle because it is looking directly down on
to the pitch establishing the magnitude of the arena. The camera was panning the setting to
get a panoramic outlook of the location. Due to the film having a magical genre, the camera
shot, angles and movements combined make it look more surreal and mysterious.
This is a long shot because it isnt just a shot of the landscape but gives the viewer a better
idea of setting as where the action is going to take place in this film. The second task is about

23

to occur in the Black Lake behind Fred and George in the picture. It is at an eye-level angle
which means the audience is looking head on into the eyes of the characters. This gives them
a better connection with the characters and makes them concentrate more on what they are
saying as well. In my opinion, I would say this would be a tracking/dolly shot because the
camera follows the characters as they are walking up the hill whilst still showing the scenery.

This is an
example
of a close-up and a mid-shot because it only shows the expression of one characters face and
it focuses in on how happy she is and we know this because of how she is smiling.

This picture shows the costumes of most of the characters and also indicates the relationship
between them as one couple is happy while dancing and the other is looking quite serious
because they are colleagues. Therefore this means that this is a full shot. The camera is at a
low angle as well because we are looking up at the characters, this makes them look superior

24

to the audience as they are all dressed smartly and are dancing in a formal manner. It does
this by showing us the expressions because even though they are doing a difficult dance they
are still smiling and make it look effortless so the audience feels inferior as they most likely
wouldnt be able to do that.

This is a low angle shot because the audience is looking up at the sky because the visitors are
leaving. This is also the ending shot of the film and is a crane shot because the camera is
moving upwards following the flying carriage into the sky which then results in the credits
being shown.

25

This is a birds eye angle because it is looking directly down upon a scene to establish the
setting so the audience can see them jump into the ring around the Goblet of Fire. It is also a
full shot because there is a complete view of the characters, their costumes and can see that

they are all from the same schools as they are wearing similar robes. Lastly, it is an over the
shoulder camera movement because the audience is looking over the characters shoulders in
this scene.

This is an extreme close up of the Triwizard cup and because the camera shot is so close it
creates an intense mood for the audience as they are attracted to the engraving on the trophy
WIZ which is short for wizard. Even though it is hard to see in this photo, the camera is at a
low angle and is looking up at the object, this makes the cup look more powerful and can
therefore make the audience feel vulnerable to it. The camera zooms in on the cup so the
viewers can see the letters on the cup.

26

Due to the audience being at an equal footing


with the characters, this makes this an eyelevel angle and helps us connect to the
characters more. This is a full shot as well
because we can see the whole costume on
both characters and can help us demonstrate
the relationship between them. Finally, the
camera movement in this scene zooms out so
we can see the whole ball room and everyone
in it, including the dance floor and band.

Editing
Mick Audsley was the editor of the film Harry Potter and The Goblet of Fire and out of the
seven films he has edited two of them. While editing this film, he received on average one
hour of footage every day which he had to edit and cut down.
This film has had lots of editing done to it and because of the sets and surroundings there was
multiple cameras filming every scene so they had it at all different angles. Due to editing
there are some points during the film where you can see where Mick has edited as the
positions and expressions of some characters change instantly. For example, when Hermione
is at the ball and she is sitting on the stairs, there are 3 girls behind her crying and in the space
of 1 second, the girls head moves from one friends shoulder to the other, therefore I noticed
that this is one bit which has been edited.
Also, I noticed that when Harry was doing the last task, in one scene it was light and the sun
was out but in the next the skies were dark and filled with clouds, this was editing as the
colours were changed to make the atmosphere of the task seem more scary and serious
because it wouldnt be very frightening if the sun was shining on them while they were
fighting each other.
Editing is tied into camera shots, angles and movements as well. This is evident because in
one shot the camera is close-up to the characters as you can see only their expressions on
their face and then suddenly it zooms out and it is now a low angle shot because they are
flying away from the camera. It is obvious that two cameras have been used to film it at
different angles but Mick has edited it to make the two shots role into one movement.
Overall, there is lots of editing done in Harry Potter due to the genre of it. Because it is all
about magic, editing is a huge part of it as they need to make it look like it is actually
happening so when they edit things in to it, the timing of it needs to be perfect to make it look
as real as possible.
27

Sounds
In this film, there are various moments in it where sounds are added to it to make it better.
Some of the biggest sound effects used are:

At the beginning a kettle is boiling on the stove and starts to overheat, when it starts to
make a high pitch noise, the sound is enhanced to make the volume and pitch of it
increase. This has been done to make the audiences anticipation grow as they do not
know what is going to happen next.
When it comes to the first task and there are dragons in it, the noise they made was
edited in to make the viewers more apprehensive as it made the dragons seem scarier
and more vicious.
The crowds that are cheering Harry on are just clones and replicates of other people that
have been computer generated to make the atmosphere of each task better. But the
cheering of the crowd has been enhanced to make it look like a very important moment.
In the second task, they have to jump into the lake but the noise of hitting the water
realistically wouldnt have been heard over the crowds cheers. So the sound of the
splash and the impact hitting the water was boosted so it could be heard.
When they cast spells and use their wands nothing actually happens as that is all added
in by special effects at the end so when they put all that in to the movie they also add
the noises the spell makes to create a bigger impact when they use their wands. This
links to the magical genre part of the film.
The sound of the flames from the Goblet of Fire was created using special effects
because real fire wouldnt have been used on set due to health and safety reasons,
therefore the sound of the flames would have been created and enhanced to seem real.
Near the end of the film when the cauldron is boiling and things are put in it, the sound
of the blood droplets hitting the water was increased so the audience could hear it
otherwise they wouldnt of known if it was actually put in to the cauldron.

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Ghosts appear when Harry and Voldemort are duelling and the noise when they move
and fly is made to make a dramatic impact when they fly into the spell to protect Harry
and to help him escape.

Lots of different sound effects are enhanced or put in to make the film seem more interesting
and to increase the atmosphere of different scenes. The sounds also support the different
genres as when something magical is happening the noise is most likely to sound enchanted.
Additionally, there are some scary scenes in this film so the music and sounds help to make
the tension feel more real so the audience can empathise with the characters.

Mise-en-Scene
Mise-en-scene is French for placing on stage; it includes the way the props, characters,
lighting, dcor, and costumes are laid out on set. This is used to make the film look more
authentic and is used to associate the genres to the film.
Some examples of how they have made the placing of objects on set effective is when they
put rocks and boulders in the arena when Harry was fighting the dragon on the first task
because at first he couldnt see the dragon, therefore this caused the audience to feel
apprehensive as to where it was and what was going to happen.
It also gives hints to who the characters are depending on what they look like, what they are
doing and what they are wearing or holding. For instance, someone who looks quite old and
who is using their wand doing spells is likely to be a teacher as they are teaching the students
how to do magic. Or when Harry went to the hospital wing, there was a women standing in
front of him checking his temperature and measuring medicine, therefore this would be the
nurse who is treating him.
Furthermore, the presence of objects can help a film come together and help the audience
realise something that they need to know but might not exactly be obvious. This is evident
because near the end of the film, when Harry is taken to a graveyard, the audience may have
forgotten that he has dreamt of it before so they put in obvious props to make them realise
quicker. In this case it was Tom Riddles headstone which was the first thing the camera went
to in that scene.

This is a picture of Harry hiding behind a boulder


while the dragon is breathing fire at him. It shows
that the position of the boulders is effective because
they were used a lot in this scene to hide behind.

29

This is a picture of Harry standing next to Tom


Riddles headstone, this therefore was used as a
reminder to the audience that Harry has seen it
before in his dreams and this creates a tense
feeling as the audience knows that something big
is about to happen.

Special
Effects
There were about 30 people who worked together on making the special effects as good as
they were but Industrial Light and Magic took the lead role in creating the effects. They made
added special effects to 220 shots and one of the biggest things they achieved was making the
Quidditch World Cup stadium with over 800,000 screaming fans in the crowd which is the
first thing you see when the audience first gets a glimpse of the stadium.
ILM (Industrial Light and Magic) created an entirely computer generated stadium. The
Ministry box and other set pieces were built against a blue screen for the live-action work. It
had to look as photo real as possible so the audience can almost feel as if they were in the
stadium too. They used their wands a lot as well and all the magical side of it was all put in
afterwards by special effects also.
Green screens were used for a lot of it but because of the quality of it, you cant even tell that
it is done by screens. A green screen is exactly what it sounds like, it is a green screen which
you put in the background when filming and after that during the post-production the green is
removed and any chosen background is inserted. Its used when the background and setting
they need is too complicated and cant be made so special effects can just insert it to make the
process of filming a lot easier. This was used in the film when Harry was on his broom flying
away from the dragon; he was on a still broom in front of a green screen moving left to right
acting out the flying.
Special effects was used frequently in the film and was used constantly when the scenes of
the second task was being filmed. The actors werent actually in a murky lake but in a water
tank but ILM made it all look as if it was in a lake. Near the end of the film as well, there
were ghosts surrounding Harry to help him escape, this was all done by special effects and
editing too.
Special Effects Pictures

30

This is a picture of the Quidditch pitch at the


World Cup. This was all created by special
effects and then the lights are changed to make
the banner of Krum to go all the way round the
stadium. This was also special effects because
in the film it was done with magic by the
Bulgarian team.

This is a picture of the first task when Harry is getting chased by the dragon in the air. The
dragon is flying and so is Harry on his broomstick therefore this was done by green screens
and special effects after everything had been filmed. The backdrop of Hogwarts was then
edited in afterwards.

31

This is a picture of Voldemort and Harry duelling each other using spells, this is all done by
special effects in the post-production process. The actors were holding wands
up at each
other acting like there was a spell happening but all the noises and
images of
the spell
was all put in
after they had filmed it.

This was the second task where they had to go into the Black Lake and look for something
that was taken from them. In this picture, the four contestants are waiting on a dock about to
dive into the lake but it was actually done by using a green screen. The pictures of the lake
and the crowd were all edited in behind them, where the green screen is at the moment.

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This is a picture of Daniel Radcliffe (Harry


Potter) filming the second task. He had to do it
in a huge water tank because there werent any
lakes big enough where they were filming and
they were all too cold to film in. There were
scuba divers in the tank with him constantly
giving him more air from the gas tanks on their
backs. All the cameras used were water proof
and handled by a team of directors who was in
charge of the camera shots, angles and
movements during the filming of this scene. All
the images of the Black Lake were all edited in
afterwards using special features.

Meaning
Every film that has been released has a message or meaning behind it and things like colour,
language, music, props, costumes, lighting, etc help support that meaning. In Harry Potter I
think the message J.K Rowling is trying to portray is the two biggest themes of the
books/films and this is love and friendship. Love represents the solution but also problems to
so many things in Harry Potter. The way that Harry couldnt be killed by Voldemort because
of the powerfulness of his mums love protecting him and defending him. She sacrificed
herself for him which showed the ultimate kind of love for someone. Friendship was also a
massive message behind it all as Harry, Ron and Hermione were all best friends but they still
fought and squabbled between one another, it shows the audience that real friends do still
fight but it just makes your friendship even stronger.
The meaning of this film is created by using all the things listed above and these aspects help
set the scene and mood. Language depicts the message of friendship frequently, this is done
by the way they speak and the tone of characters voices when speaking. For example when
Harry was scared about the tasks he had to do, Hermione reassured him by speaking in a calm
manner and giving direct eye contact to show his friend support and belief that he can do it.
Costumes and colours illustrate love as well because most characters wore colourful clothes
which would usually reflect their feelings in that scene. For instance, Hermione wore a red
and pink lacy dress to the ball because she was happy and excited to go and although in the
end scenes Voldemort is wearing all black which presents him to be evil and feeling angry
and he was.

33

Music is extremely important when taking about the meaning of this film; it is used to
reinforce all the meanings of love and friendship, especially when in the Ball scene as the
first dance song is slow and passionate which magnifies the significance of friendship
between the couples. Lighting is also very effective because depending on how dark or light a
scene is, it can help build tension and intensity. For example when Voldemort and Harry were
fighting at the end of the film, Harrys deceased family came to help him as ghosts; they were
in a bright light and this was used to represent goodness and purity as they were creating light
when there was only evil and darkness. Props are used to link the characters together through
the meaning of the film. This is evident because when Rons mum makes him a robe to wear
for the ball, he wears it even though he hates it because he knows his mum did it because she
loves him.

Semiotics is the theory of signs such as gestures, facial expressions, poetry, rituals, clothes,
food, music, etc and can also be used to present the meaning of a film. Anchorage is a type of
semiotic as it shows how a meaning of an image can be fixed by adding a surrounding. In the
end of my film, the image of Tom Riddles headstone being in the graveyard (surrounding)
was an image that Harry had seen before in his nightmares.
This meant that the message that was anchored to the image of the headstone was that
Voldemort was close and something bad was about to happen. Denotation was another
semiotic that was shown because when Krum grabbed Hermiones hand at the ball and kissed
it, this donates that he was passionate and liked her and he did this by using gestures.
Connotation was presented as well because Rons mum made him a robe for the ball; the gift
gives connotations of love and kindness. There are particular signs that are associated with a
genre and this is called Iconography. In Harry Potter this can be when spells are casted as it
relates to the magical genre. You can always tell when spells are casted because the
characters are holding wands while saying the spell.

34

Production
Process
Pre-Production
The pre-production process is the stage where all the preparation and organisation is done
before the film starts being produced/filmed. During pre-production, the script is broken
down into individual scenes by story boards and all the locations, props, cast members,
costumes, special effects and visual effects are identified. J.K Rowling is the author of all
seven Harry Potter books. She thought of the concept of Harry Potter when she was on a
delayed train journey and suddenly she had the idea to write about a boy who didnt know he
was a wizard and for him to attend a school to help him learn. J.K had been writing since she
was 6 and this was the book that made her famous. In October 1998, Warner Bros.
approached her and purchased the film rights to the first two novels. In the pre-production of
this film, J.K Rowling sat down with Steve Kloves who wrote the script of the film and Mike
Newell who was the producer. They made storyboards and came up with ways to summarise
the book but not exclude anything important.

This is a picture of part of the script to Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire. It is the
part just before the first task is about to start and Dumbledore comes into the tent
where all the champions are with Barty Crouch to explain what is going to happen.

35

Production
In production, the film is created and
shot. More crew will be recruited at this
stage, such as the script supervisor,
assistant directors, stills photographer,
picture editor, and sound editors. So this
is the stage where all actors like Daniel
Radcliffe, Rupert Grint and Emma
Watson (Harry, Ron and Hermione) will
be expected to come to set, know all
their lines and start acting so filming can
begin. Harry, Ron and Hermione (the
main characters) had already been casted
because there had already been 3 films
previously so they were the same
actors/actresses as before. The people
responsible for making sure the actors
and actresses were already on time was
mostly to do with hair/makeup, costume
designer and prop designer. They had to
go to these four stages before they came
on to set therefore they had to make sure
they were already on time to start
filming as soon as possible. The
hairdressers and makeup artists worked on people at the same time to make sure that the
actors were ready on time and it also saved time. Barry Wilkinson was the prop master for all
eight films and made sure that all props were on set and positioned perfectly before any
actors were even on it. Jany Temime was the costume designer as the only one that was
accountable for wardrobe. Filming lasted from 4th May 2004 to 18th March 2005.
Post-Production
Here the shot film material is edited and assembled. This includes everything from
special/visual effects being put in to editing and sound being recorded to make the film more
dramatic. For example, in this film music is very important because it is used to build tension
and suspense before specific scenes like the first task in the tournament where Harry walks in
to the arena ready to face the dragon. This is where they do most of the work on films,
especially for Harry Potter and that is mostly because it is a magical film which is surreal but
needs to look as real as possible. This is when the green screen backgrounds are taken out and
other better backgrounds replace them to make it follow the description of the books. Things
like flying chariots, dragons, lakes, castles etc. are all created on computers and put in to
make it better. All the last minute finishing touches are put in at this point before they release
it into cinemas and things. Also, when the last bits are added to it in this process, the trailer is
made to start advertising the movie to audiences around the globe.
36

37

Financial Costs
The estimated budget for this film was around $150,000,000 which covered the costs of
paying the actors, buying and using cameras, film, computers for special effects, props,
costumes, lighting and many more things. Although this is a huge number, the company did
make a profit from the film. In the opening weekend also in just the UK, USA, Netherlands,
Czech Republic and Australia they made around $145,639,834, which is an estimated number
because of the money conversion rate. This continued to grow over the period of time it was
out and made thousands of dollars profit and releasing the DVD made them even more
money.

This is the weekend gross of the release


of Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire
across the world. From these numbers it
is evident that all costs were covered and
profits were made. Also, the total
amount of money made globally from
the sales of the DVD for this film was
$896,911,078.

It made $102,685,961 on the domestic


opening weekend, $290,013,036 on the
domestic box office and $896,911,078
on the worldwide box office.

In conclusion the costs were completely covered and a massive profit was made and because
of this four more Harry Potter films followed it.

38

Target Audience
and Distribution

39

Target Audience
The target audience of Harry Potter is linked with the genres as well because it is has a family
genre which means the age for the target audience will be all ages. But obviously the children
will have to be old enough to understand the plot of the film and this film is scarier than the
ones before as people get killed and Voldemort comes back so it would have to be for people
who are 6 years of age and older. I think that the age of the target audience for my film should
be for people aged between 8 and older because some bits of it is quite complicated as the
tasks in the film include clues and rules and they need to know what they are and what they
mean to understand the rest of the film so thats why I think the target audience should be 8
years old and over.
There is no specific gender this film is aimed at because boys and girls can watch and enjoy
it. I agree that this film is aimed at both genders because the film has a family genre so this
means that it will intrigue boys and girls, plus the film is so diverse and involves a variety of
different characters that both genders will like. Therefore, both genders can watch it as they
can relate to people out of it. For example, Hermione can relate to the girls as she is quite shy
and the boys can relate to Ron as he is always looking at girls and having a laugh with his
friends about it.
It is intended for people whose lifestyle is quite fun and imaginative as the films were based
on fantasy so they have to believe in what they are watching. They also have to be interested
in films which are surreal and magical. Due to their being seven films, the audience must
enjoy and be interested in watching films and getting involved in them. They must also have
a good concentration span as it is a longest film out of all the Harry Potter films and they
need to watch it properly to understand what is happening as there are lots of twists in it.
The needs of the audience is very important when talking about the target audience because
my film is a sequel so must people would have watched the rest of the Harry potter films
before this one so they are expecting this one to be good like the rest of them. Therefore this
film has to meet the needs and expectations the audience already has by imitating the usual
themes that keeps the audience hooked and wanting more.
Due to these films being targeted at all ages, the target audiences spending power will be
varied because if families go then the parents will most likely pay for the children so they can
afford to go and so can other adults. But teenagers might struggle to keep paying to go watch
all the Harry Potter films as they might not have a job and this is usually the age where
parents cut down on the amount of money they give to their kids to teach them independence.
And depending on how old the teenager is they might also have to pay for an adult ticket if
they are 16 or above so that means they have to pay more money as adult tickets are more
expensive.

40

This questionnaire is to help me find out different things about the target audience of Harry
Potter and the Goblet of Fire so I can discover if the results support or oppose my research
and opinions above.

Questionnaire
1) What is your gender? (Tick the box)
Female
Male
2) What is your age in years? (Tick the box)
5-10
11-20
21-30
31-40
41-50
51+
3) How much do you earn a year if you are 21 years of age+? (Tick the box)
500-1000
1000-10, 000
10,000-20,000
20,000-30,000
30,000-50,000
50,000+
OR if you are below 21 years of age
4) How many bedrooms does your house have?
1
2
3
4
5

6+

5) What sort of films do you like? (For example action and horror films)

..
6) How many films do you watch a week?
1
2
3

6+

7) Have you watched the same film more than once and if so, how many
times?

..

41

8) Have you seen Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire?


Yes
No
9) A - Have you watched any of the Harry Potter films?
Yes
No
B If yes, what one is your favourite and why?

10) Did you enjoy the plot of the story and was it easy to follow?
Yes
No
11) Who was your favourite character and why?

12) Did the props and special effects look good and did it fit in well with the
film?
Yes
No
13) Would you buy Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire on DVD and why?

42

Target Audience
Analysis
I created and conducted a questionnaire about the target audience of my film and these are the
results I got from 19 people:

Gender

Male

Female
9

10

The gender of the target audience is nearly even as 10 out of 19 people are male therefore this
proves that both males and females watch Harry Potter and supports my thoughts that
because there is a mixture of females and males in the film, there is also female and male
viewers .

43

Age

From the graph I can see that most people are in the age range between the ages of 11-20 but
this is mostly because I gave it to my class so and they are all around the same age. Other
than that there is a mixture of other ages that has watched it as well so this shows that the age
target audience is varied which is what I believed so it supports my opinion and research.

Yearly Earnings

44

Some people under the age of 21 are still in education so dont have jobs so I asked people
over the age of 21 how much they earn annually to see if they could afford to go and watch
films. From the results of my questionnaire I can see people have very different earnings but
still have the spending power to pay to watch films as they arent that expensive.

The Number Of Bedrooms In Your House

45

Although some people have jobs as a teenager so also filled out this part of the questionnaire
as well. For those teenagers that cant afford to go the cinema and dont have a job can ask
their parents for some money and I know this because the results of this question show that
most people live in an averaged sized house. Therefore the parents can afford to pay for their
children to go see a film. Over all the spending power for the target audience is very different
and diverse and this is what I said in my research of the target audience spending power so I
was right and this questionnaire reinforces my views.

How many films do you watch a week?

Question 5 was a qualitative question and asked What sort of films do you like, for example
actions and horror films? It was asking what genres the target audience like to watch but
because some of the audience are quite young, I thought they wouldnt know what the word
genre meant therefore I asked the question in a different way which everyone would
understand. My results show that there is a mixture of genres which the audience like to
watch and some of them include action, sci-fi, fantasy, adventure, romance, comedy etc. This
shows that the target audience is perfect for this film because Harry Potter has four different
genres and therefore covers a lot of types of films which the audience will enjoy watching. It
also proves that the needs for the target audience is met because the film covers four genres
and therefore my views were backed up by the results because I said that the audiences needs
were met due to the genres of this film.
Knowing how many films the target audience watches a week is very important because if
they arent interested in films then they wont want to watch the Harry Potter films because
there are lots of them. From the chart I can see that most people watch at least one film a
week and the other respondents watch more than that which suggests that the filmed is being
aimed at the right type of audience as they all like to watch films.

46

Question 7 was also a qualitative question which makes it difficult to make the results in to a
chart. The question was Have you watched the same film more than once and if so, how
many times? this was a relevant question because the Harry Potter films are not the same but
they are similar, so if the audience does not like watching films more than once then it might
put off some viewers from watching the rest of the films in case they are the same and it gets
boring. Luckily, most people wrote that they do watch the same films over again and the
enjoy doing so which implies that people are willing to go see the sequels of films. It also
shows that the target audience is interested in watching films, which links in with question 6,
because there are seven Harry Potter films.

Have you seen Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire?

Everyone I gave my questionnaire to had watched Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire which
made it really easy for them to fill out the rest of the questions honestly and accurately. This
reveals that the target audience for the Harry Potter films are for everyone because I gave my
questionnaire to a variety of people who are young, old, male, female and have different
interests and spending powers.

47

Have you watched any other Harry Potter films?

Yes

No

Everyone has watched Harry Potter and The Goblet of Fire but when asked have they
watched any of the other films, 2 of them said no. This may be because of lots of different
reasons, like they dont have the spending power to go see the rest of them or because they
watched this film and they possibly didnt like it which means it didnt meet the needs of the
target audience. But 17 of them has which means they like one or more of the other Harry
Potter films which depicts that the film is right for the target audiences lifestyle, needs and
interests so this supports my initial thoughts.

48

That was the first part of question 9, the second part of it asked, if they had said yes to
previous question, what Harry Potter film was their favourite and why? Most of them said the
first one (Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone) or the last film (Harry Potter and the
Deathly Hallows part 1&2). This is because they think the first one set the story of it all and it
was all new and interesting to watch. The last one is their favourite as well due to all the
action and love scenes in it. Some people mentioned Harry Potter and the Prisoner of
Azkaban as their favourite as well because there are so many new characters introduced and
the plot has lots of surprises in it. There are lots of different reasons explained as to what film
is their favourite but all of them involve it being fun to watch and unique to other films.
Although this shows that the target audience likes and enjoys the film which was the whole
purpose of making the Harry Potter films. Some people did say Harry Potter and the Goblet
of Fire as well because it was full of action and never got boring which supports my research
and opinion that this film did fulfil the target audiences needs.

Did you enjoy the plot and was it easy to follow?

Yes

No

One out of nineteen people said that they had watched the film but didnt enjoy, this doesnt
mean that they have the wrong target audience because the film did appeal to the other 18
people who did the questionnaire. This reveals that even with the variation of gender, age,

49

interests, needs and spending powers, they all enjoyed the film which confirms my opinions
on the target audience.
I wanted to find out some of the interests of the target audience which keeps them watching
all the Harry Potter films, so I asked them in Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, who is their
favourite character and why. Four of them said Hermione because she is pretty and she is like
the dark horse of the film as she surprises everyone at the ball by turning up with Victor
Krum. Another four people said Harry of course because he helps and tries to save everyone,
therefore is the hero in the film. Five people said that their favourite was Ron because he is
also honest by speaking his mind and is also very funny throughout the whole of sequel of
films. The other respondents wrote about other characters like Cedric and the twins (Fred and
George) because they are always doing things to keep the film interesting. I found out that
most of the respondents thought that the three main characters, Harry, Ron and Hermione was
their favourite which made it obvious that they are a big reason in why they enjoy the films
so much, because if they didnt like the main characters then they wouldnt like the film. Due
to them being in all seven films, this results in the target audience wanting to watch all of the
films because they know that their favourite character is going to be in the film. So the needs
and interests of the film reaches the target audiences expectations and therefore keeps them
watching.

50

Did The Props And Special Effects Look Good And Did It Fit In Well With The Film?

E
ven though one person said they did not enjoy the film, they agreed with the other
respondents and said that the special effects looked good in the film and was used well. The
special effects are what make it a fantasy genre as it makes all the magical parts of the film
look real. This is what makes the film appeal to the lifestyle of the target audience, because
the special effects make the film different from other movies as it makes people use their
imagination. Therefore this shows that they have the right target audience because the special
features appealed to the respondents and it also portrays that my thoughts on the target
audiences lifestyle was suited to the film.
The last question asks about the audiences spending power and needs as it asks whether or
not the respondent would buy Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire on DVD or not and why.
Nearly everyone said yes because they like the film and would love to see it again but there
was a couple of nos as they dont want to spend money on something which they can watch
on the TV when it is shown occasionally. This may be due to the fact that it could be too
much money. Other reasons why they wouldnt buy it are because they already have it on
DVD or they know someone who does and can borrow it off them. This implies that needs of
the target audience is good enough as most people said they would buy it on DVD. It also

51

shows they have the spending power to do so, so they can watch and buy more of the Harry
Potter films.

Distribution
All the Harry Potter films were distributed globally and Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire
were released in November and December 2005 in over 65 countries. On the IMDB website,
it shows all the company names who distributed the film and from it I can see that the main
distributors was Warner Bros. and Warner Home Video. Firstly, it was released in cinemas as
a 12A and was shown for about 4 to 5 weeks before being removed and sent to Box office.
There was around a 3 to 4 week wait before the film came to box office (depending on which
country you live in) and was on there all the way through Christmas. In box office it was very
successful as it earned just under $900 million worldwide, which made it the highest-grossing
film of 2005. It was released on DVD on the 20th March and sold on average 6 copies per
second in the first day alone in the UK.
Soon it was available everywhere, this includes:

Online websites like Amazon and EBay It was available to buy on DVD on the 7th
March 2006
To watch online on websites such as Megashare and watchmovies.com It was available
to watch online in December 2005
High street shops e.g. HMV - It was available to buy on DVD on the 7th March 2006
Blockbusters to rent or buy - It was available to buy and rent on DVD on the 7th March
2006
TV (free view) It was available on free view on TV in May 2006
Supermarkets e.g. Sainsburys - It was available to buy on DVD on the 7th March 2006

Advertising
The film was advertised in countless ways but one of the biggest was the red carpet premiere
in London which was on the 6th November 2005. Thousands of fans had gathered in the
Square to watch the premiere of the film. But the first thing which attracted people to the
upcoming of the film was the book signing J.K Rowling did. She did a tour around the UK
where fans came to get their copy of the book signed by her in person. After thousands of
people had read the books, they were desperate to see the film and it became more and more
popular as the reputation of the book expanded. The first trailer made was available online to
watch on the 8th May 2005 and the international trailer debuted online on 23rd August 2005,
catching the attention of millions of people which was a huge advertisement. TV adverts

52

shortly followed as the trailer was also shown during the breaks on TV a month before it was
released in cinemas, so it was shown in October 2005 because it came out in cinemas on the
18/19th November 2005 in the UK. Also, when in the cinema watching films, there are the
adverts beforehand where the trailer was also shown so everyone could witness and know
about the new film release.
The trailer was also released in the cinemas a month before it was released in November.
Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire have its own website where three different trailers of the
film are shown and posters are available. Billboards were put up all over the world in
different countries on the side of roads to advertise the film. Posters were put on buses,
outside cinemas, in theatres, on the side of buildings in the street etc. to promote the film and
its release date. This is called cross-media; it means that the advertisement of this film was
publicised in more than one type of media, for example, on TV adverts, on billboards,
posters. Lastly, to advertise it fully, the main actors of the film did interviews about Harry
Potter and the Goblet of Fire and answered questions all about the impending film. Whilst the
interviews were happening, they revealed clues and hints as to what the film would entail to
promote it as much as possible. Obviously all these advertising techniques worked as the film
made a massive profit which meant more films could be made.

This is a
Harry Potter

poster that was used for advertising the film and is available from the
and the Goblet of Fire website.

This is a billboard in
Liverpool in 2005
promoting the film a month
before its release date.

53

Impact and Effects


on the Audience
Positive Effects
The Harry Potter films have had incredible effects on people of all ages but especially for
youths. This is because of the characters turning into role models and inspiring teenagers to
do the right thing. For example, for most adolescents they do not get on with most of their
teachers and refuse to listen to them but watching Harry Potter shows that teachers are only
trying to help you to do your best in life. This influenced youngsters to listen to their teachers
more as all the teachers in Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire was all trying to protect and
help Harry in every way possible which is what the teachers in reality do as well. The
meaning of the film is positive as well. It is about love and friendship. The moral of the film
is important and inspires the audience because it teaches people that you should always care
and protect your friends and family through the good times and the bad. It shows that you
should never give up and always do what is right even if it gets hard. This is a picture from
one of the last
scenes in the film
which shows the
positive effects of
the film as it is
talking about how
important the bonds
of love and
friendship are.

Negative Effects
On the other hand, there can be some negative effects and impacts on the audience because
there is a lot of evil and deception in the film. There are particular scenes where people betray
and turn on each other and because young children watch it, they could start to believe that
this is normal and what everyone else does. It promotes violence and evil as well as love and
friendship. Therefore it could lead to violence from children as they are just copying the
actions of characters in the film as they are inspired by them. There are no cases found yet in
reality that have been blamed on the actions and violence in Harry Potter but that doesnt
mean that children arent becoming more aggressive. For example, Wormtail kills Cedric
because Voldemort told him too. This could mean that some children could start doing bad

54

and violent things because people are telling them to. They should be doing the right thing
and ignore negative peer pressure.
Theoretical Models
There are three theories of audience that can be applied so I can get a better understanding
about the relationship between my film and its audience.
The effects model or the hypodermic model is a theory which relates to the effects, usually
negative ones, on the audience. Albert Bandura came up with the Bobo Doll experiment
which proved the theory that children do copy violent behaviour. He did this by letting
Children watch a video where an adult violently attacked a clown toy and then afterwards let
them play with the same toy, the children ended up imitating the actions of the adults on the
video by hitting the toy repeatedly. So it proved that children do copy behaviour. Harry Potter
and the Goblet of Fire involves violence and can therefore have lasting effects on the
audience as it may result in them acting out and be violent as well as they are just copying
what they have been watching. The negative and violent outcomes are especially effective on
an audience of a young age because they may aspire to be like some of the characters and
therefore act like them so this may promote dangerous and unwanted behaviour from
children. Or they could just want to copy them because they think what they are doing looks
fun and interesting which also causes negative effects. Although on the older part of the target
audience, they may take a more passive role as a viewer because they are old enough to know
that the film is fiction based and therefore not real and just watch it because they enjoy that
particular genre of films. Due to this it prevents negative influences on the older people in the
target audience. The power of the negative effects lies with the message of the text of the
film, in my case, my films message is that you must fight and work to survive and achieve
things in life. Because of this, some people in the audience are following the same message
the film portrays literally which is the reason for the negative and violent effects. This may
result in people taking the message too seriously by actually fighting and hurting people to
try and succeed in life so it could lead to encouraging the audiences to hurt other people to
get where they want to be. So its all about how the person interprets the message in the film.
The uses and gratifications model relates to the theory that the audience is active and uses
what they see but are not used by it. The film is used as escapism for the audience which
relates to things happening in their lives which they can connect to. For example, in Harry
Potter and the Goblet of Fire, two of the main characters who are best friends have an
argument and fall out for a while but eventually make up. This happens to everyone at some
point during their lives but these key moments in films are used to create a comparison
between lifestyles, relationships, problems etc. It is used as diversion from reality as films
help the audiences learn and relax from things happening in their lives. They use what they
see in films to help them in their own lives, almost like a guide but they dont let it control
them and they arent used by it. For instance, in my film the friendships are portrayed to be
very close and almost unbreakable but fights between friends can happen sometimes so in
comparison to reality, all friendships are different and therefore you shouldnt start acting the

55

way people to do in films just because it looks like they have a better friendship, people
should be themselves as it doesnt make their friendships any less strong.
The reception theory is where a producer of a film makes a coded message or moral and ties
it in with the plot of a film and it is left for the audience to decode the message that the
producer is trying to portray. There are three kinds of audience and this is identified through
this theory. The first is a dominant audience where they decode the message the producer
wants them to understand and they agree with it. Another is a negotiated audience, which is
an audience that knows the message and accepts, rejects or refines elements of it because of
view that they already have. Therefore they neither agree nor disagree with the message of
the film. The last is an oppositional audience so they recognise the message and understand it
but reject it. They dont agree with any parts of it and dont think its right and discard it
completely. So the message of my film is that love and friendship is the most important thing
and it can make and break any situation. Some people in the audience accept this, reject this
or do both, it depends on the attitude of the viewer.
Active/Passive Involvements
An active audience is that get involved with what they are watching. So if someone agrees
with the message of a film, they will apply it to their own lives and make actions to support it
in reality. A passive audience is one which that doesnt really care about the message and
therefore takes a submissive role by just watching the film but afterwards just discards the
message, which means they are a oppositional audience.
I think while watching Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, the audience took both an active
and passive attitude. This is because the target audience of my film is so big and varied that
everyone will take the message of it differently. For example older people will watch,
understand and enjoy the film and may even accept the message but they wont necessarily
start taking an active role to use it and change their lives because of it. Although teenagers
and children may understand the message and agree with it to a point where they want to use
and accept it in their own lives and make real changes to support the message. This may
happen because the message in Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire is all about friendship and
love and how it is always strong even when you think its not. This is a positive message and
will therefore affect the audience more.

56

Relevant Issues of
Representation
There is a wide variety of characters in my film and they are all represented very differently.
Age representation in films is the variety of characters ages and the most common age group
shown. In my film, Harry, Ron and Hermione are all 14 years old and so are all their friends
as they are all in the same year at school. Although they have friends in years above and
below them as well like Fred, George, Ginny, Krum, Cedric etc. All the teachers are all older
but still vary between each other. This shows that that there is no ageism in the film.
Gender representation is the quantity of males and females shown in a film. There is a
mixture of males and females in it as well because the three main characters include two boys
and a girl but in the tournament there is only one girl out of the four champions. This doesnt
mean that it is sexist as it still involves at least one female and it does make up for it because
there are lots of other girls in the film as Beauxbatons is a girls only school and Durmstrang
is an all boys school. Hogwarts is a mixture of boys and girls therefore the ratio of females to
males is equal.
Ethnicity representation is the variation of ethnicities portrayed in films. There arent any
issues with ethnicity within the film I am doing because there are quite a few people who
play quite big parts who are all from a different ethnic background. Victor Krum is one of the
champions in the tournament and he is Bulgarian and Fleur is also a champion and she is
French. Cho Chang is the girl whom Harry has a crush on and she comes from a Chinese
background. Then there are the Indian twins who go to the ball with Harry and Ron. Lastly,
there is also a mixed race girl in the film who is asked to the Yule ball by Fred.

57

There arent any males or females that are disabled in the film
therefore this could be an issue.
Social groups are people who interact with one another and share
similar characteristics, hobbies, likes, dislikes etc and collectively have a sense of unity.
When looking at social groups within the film, there are large obvious ones, for example they
are all witches and wizards and therefore all share the same abilities with magic. They also
have been put into different houses in school including Gryffindor, Hufflepuff, Ravenclaw
and Slytherin which they share a common room with, dormitories and most of the friendship
groups are all from the same house. Also, all of the teachers are all in the same social groups
as they are all friends as they have to work together so they are all work colleagues. Some
characters share the same hobbies as Harry plays Quidditch and has friends on the team. The
social groups in this film are all very different as the ages and gender of each group is unique.
There are some stereotypes portrayed in Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire. One of them is
related to the Yule ball as Harry and Ron panic about finding dates to go with as it is a
stereotype that you must have a date to go to a ball or dance otherwise you are considered a
loser or unpopular. Also, it must be the boy to ask the girl to go to the ball as girls cant ask
boys as it is seen as desperate if they do. Another stereotype is that the popular group at
school, who are in this film led by Draco Malfoy are all mean and bully other people to make
themselves look superior to others which they do.

58

Legal and Ethical


Issues
Copyright
Copyright protects the physical expression of ideas. A product is protected by copyright as
soon as an idea is given physical form. This can be a photograph, a film, a song, a piece of
writing, software etc. You dont have to claim copyright in any way because it applies
automatically at the point of creation. Both published and unpublished works are protected by
copyright. The copyright of a product is owned by the creator of it or the idea but the
copyright holder can be an employer if the product is created during the course of someones
employment. The owner would be the artist, photographer, producer, author etc. So for my
film, the copyright is owned by J.K Rowling as she wrote all the Harry Potter books and
helped produce the films. Copyright in the film sector is very complicated because there is no
single creator of a film as there are so many people that work together to produce a film. To
uphold this law, someone will be fined or taken to court if they are guilty of copyright.
Copyright exists in lots of different parts of a film production which includes:

Artistic the designs of the set would be copyrighted and the owner of it would be
Stephanie McMillan.

Literary The script, screenplay and the source material would be copyrighted and the
owner would be J.K Rowling and Steve Kloves.

Published editions Any published versions of the film and typographical layout would
be copyrighted and owned by J.K Rowling.

Musical The soundtrack of the film including the lyrics and musical score would be
copyrighted and owned by Patrick Doyle.

Broadcasts and cable usage For sale of the underlying material and film for other
exploitation would be copyrighted and owned by Warner Bros.

Sound recordings the physical recordings of the soundtrack would be copyrighted and
owned by Sam Auguste.

Film the images in the first fixation of the film would be copyrighted and owned by
Stuart Craig.

59

Copyright extends to the life of the author plus 70 years after his/her death and for the film,
the copyright extends to 70 years after the death of the last to die of the writer, director,
producer or composer.
Performing Rights
You must apply for public performance rights if you want to show films in a public setting or
in front of a class or organisation otherwise you will be breaking copyright law. This also
means that you cannot rent a movie from the local store and then show it in a public place
because it is only licensed for home viewing.
This still applies even if you are not charging admission. There is only one exception to this
rule and that is when an instructor or teacher is showing a video publically but in front of a
class for teaching/educational purposes and not for entertainment or recreation but because of
the genre of my film it wouldnt be used for educational purposes as its a fantasy film. They
uphold this law by suing anyone who breaks performing rights which can result in serious
consequences.
Royalties
Sometimes actors, studios, scriptwriters, film producers get royalties from the incomes
generated by their creative works. The incomes come from the sales of CDs, DVDs, films,
paid internet downloads and tickets from cinemas/theatres. The right amount of royalties is
usually agreed upon in an agreement they signed before they started and they will receive a
royalty for every financial gain earned by their project. A person or organisation has exclusive
rights over a film because they are considered to have intellectual property over the product
especially in terms of financial gains. The benefits of having royalties is that intellectual
property owners only have to work for a certain amount of time and still receive money from
the income which is given for the rest of their lives. For example, J.K Rowling, Daniel
Radcliffe, Emma Watson, Rupert Grint and other important people who worked on the film
like producers and other actors would get royalties as they worked in order to create the film.
Royalties are upheld by the agreement that was signed at the beginning before they started
working and if a company breaks it then they can be taken to court.
Accuracy
Films which are based on true stories, have historical events or have scientific evidence
shown in it must be as accurate as possible because it is a real subject. Sometimes it is hard to
get accuracy in films due to budgetary or artistic reasons. Most producers would stick to the
facts as much as possible but would add in some original material to make the film more
interesting to watch. Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire is a film based on fantasy so
therefore there are no points during the film where I can relate accuracy to it as it is all
imaginary.
Offensive Material
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This refers to anything that is considered to be offensive to the audience. Because of this, for
films there are five segments in which we categorise possible offensive words or actions so
the severity of it can be rated. These five segments are sex and nudity, violence and gore,
profanity, alcohol/drugs/smoking, and frightening/intense scenes. In Harry Potter and the
Goblet of Fire, sex and nudity is rated 1/10 because there is only one bit in the film where
Harry takes a bath and a ghost comes in the bath with him and approaches him suggestively
and flirts but nothing explicit happens. Violence and gore is rated 7/10 because there are
scenes where dead bodies are found, people are killed and blood is shown at one point as
Harrys arm is cut by a knife intentionally by the villains servant. For profanity, occasionally
the audience hears Ron say bloody hell and he says piss off once and thats all therefore
it is only rated a 3/10. Alcohol/drugs/smoking is rated a 1/10 as there is only bit where
Moody is drinking out of a flask and it is assumed to be alcoholic but it turns out it isnt but
you see him drink it a few times. Lastly, there are quite a lot of frightening/intense scenes in
the film where a man taunts and tells a teenage boy about murdering his parents, a father cries
and screams loudly over his dead sons body; the entire last 30 minutes of the film might be
disturbing and upsetting so it is rated 8/10. Overall it is rated 20/50 and the certificate is a PG
13 which means you must only watch it with an adult unless you are over 12 years old.
Censorship
A motion picture rating system is chosen to classify films with regard to suitability for
audiences in terms of the five issues stated above in offensive material and any other mature
content that might be deemed inappropriate. They look at those different things and then rate
the film from the following:
Symbol

Name
Universal
Parental Guidance

Definition/Notes
Suitable for all
General viewing, but some scenes may be unsuitable for young
children

12
Suitable for those aged 12 and older (cinema only); under 12s
Accompanied/Advisory admitted, but only if accompanied by an adult
12

Suitable for those aged 12 and older (non-cinema only)

15

Suitable for those aged 15 and older

18

Suitable for those aged 18 and older

Restricted 18

Restricted to those aged 18 and older and only available at licensed


cinemas and sex shops. The latter will not require a licence to sell
R18 films.

61

(Wikipedia.org (2013) History of British film certificates (online) Available from


<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_British_film_certificates#2009.E2.80.93present>
(Accessed 11th November 2013)
The names that are in the table above are advertised with a film so everyone knows the
certification of it and how old you have to be to see it. Therefore you can estimate how
inappropriate the film is just from looking at the certification of a film. The Harry Potter
films certification increases as the sequel goes on because the content of it becomes more
mature. The first, second and third film is a PG, the fourth (the film Im doing) to the seventh
(the last film in the sequel) are all 12s.

62

Public Right to Know


The Data Protection Act (DPA) is a persons right to access and change any personal
information about them whether it is help by private or public bodies. Also The Freedom of
Information Act is your right to access all other types of information about you by public
bodies. This relates to newspapers and magazines and other media resources where other
people can use your personal information, the acts above ensure that you have the right to
access and change this information.

63

Regulatory Bodies
British Board of Film Classification
The BBFC is an independent, non-governmental body which deals with certifying cinema
films, videos and DVDs. Its income is purely non-profitable as it only charges for its
services, calculated by measuring the running time of films, DVDs/videos and other works
submitted for classification. The fees are required and altered to cover its costs and nothing
more. Harry Potter would have been sent to the BBFC before being released to cinemas for
them to give the film a classification/rating that is most accurate and appropriate for the age
chosen. It was given a certification of a 12 because it is a family film but there are some
frightening and intense scenes in the film so the certification cant be any lower. On the
IMDB website, there is a parents guide which clarifies why it is a 12 and this is because not
only is there intense scenes but there is swearing, violence and gore scenes which isnt
suitable for younger children.
Advertising Standards Authority
The ASA is in charge of checking the media frequently and taking action to ensure that there
are no misleading, harmful or offensive advertisements being shown publically. They also act
on complaints if they have any from the public about any types of advertisement. This can
relate to the film that I have chosen because if anyone does feel as if there has been any
offensive or false advertisement involving Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire then they can
complain to the ASA about it so they can take action and stop it.
Ofcom
Ofcom stands for office of communication and its main role is to regulate the TV and radio
sectors, fixed line telecoms, mobiles, plus the airwaves over which wireless devices operate.
This is to ensure that the UK has a wide range of electronic communications services,
including high-speed services such as broadband. Also it can relate to the film Im doing and
other films because another role they have is to protect people from offensive material from
what they see and listen to so they could help films in that part. It also dictates what films
should be shown before or after 9pm as some films contain adult content that children
shouldnt be watching. For my film, it is shown at any time during the day because it is only
a 12 which means that it is suitable for mostly everyone to watch it.
Self-Regulation
This is rules and guidelines which production companies follow for every film. Production
companies usually produce films with a specific genre or style, for example Warner Bros
Studios produces a lot of films with a sci-fi or magical genre like Harry Potter, Man of Steel,
The Hobbit, Inception, Green Lantern, and Star Wars: The Clone Wars, and more like these
films. They also do TV series as well also in the sci-fi genre, some of them are The

64

Originals, The Vampire Diaries, Supernatural, Fringe, True Blood etc. They produce other
films with different genres as well but they mostly produce these types of films and TV
series.

65

Bibliography
Company History:
WarnerBros.com (2013) Company History (online) Available from
<http://www.warnerbros.com/studio/about/company-history.html> (Accessed 13th September
2013)
Warner Bros. ownership:
Wikipedia .org (2013) Warner Bros. New Owners (online) Available from
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warner_Bros.> (Accessed 13th September 2013)
About Warner Bros. Studios
WarnerBros.com (2013) Company Overview (online) Available from
<http://www.warnerbros.com/studio/about/company-overview.html> (Accessed 14th
September 2013)
Market positioning
Boxofficemojo.com (2013) Studio Market Share (online) Available from
<http://www.boxofficemojo.com/about/?ref=ft> (Accessed 17th September 2013)
Pictures:
Google.com (2013) Images (online) Available from <https://www.google.co.uk/imghp?
hl=en&tab=wi> (Accessed 17th 27th September 2013)
PowerPoints checklist:
Warwickshire.ac.uk (2013) Assignment 1 (online) Available from
<https://vle.warwickshire.ac.uk/webapps/portal/frameset.jsp?tab_tab_group_id=_2_1&url=
%2Fwebapps%2Fblackboard%2Fexecute%2Flauncher%3Ftype%3DCourse%26id
%3D_2812_1%26url%3D> (Accessed 11th September 2013)
Guide to write the Synopsis:
IMDB.com (2013) Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (online) Available from
<http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0330373/synopsis?ref_=tt_stry_pl> (Accessed 20th September
2013)
Special effects video:
Youtube.com (2013) Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire Special Effect (online) Available
from <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CvC4MG3cF6s> (Accessed 21st September 2013)
Mise-en-scene 0
Youtube.com (2013) Mise-en-Scene in Wall-E (online) Available from
<http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VEKnrPeCEeY> (Accessed 21st September 2013)

66

Special effects website used for research


Fxguide.com (2013) Harry Potter: The Magic of Double Negative (online) Available from
<http://www.fxguide.com/featured/harry_potter_the_magic_of_double_negative/> (Accessed
22nd September 2013)
Release dates of Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire
IMDB.com (2013) Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire release info (online) Available from
<http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0330373/releaseinfo> (Accessed 27th September 2013)
Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire interviews
Youtube.com (2013) Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire interviews (online) Available from
<http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wz3LqEFgPEc> (Accessed 10th October 2013)
Royalties:
Wikipedia.org (2013) Royalties (online) Available from
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royalties> (Accessed 11th November 2013)
Offensive material - Parents Guide
IMDB.com (2013) Parents Guide (online) Available from
<http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0330373/parentalguide?ref_=tt_stry_pg> (Accessed 11th
November 2013)

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