GANTRY GIRDER

5.4.1 Features

Design of Gantry Girder is a classic example of laterally unsupported beam.

It is subjected to in addition to vertical loads horizontal loads along and perpendicular to

its axis.

Loads are dynamic which produces vibration.

Compression flange requires critical attention.

5.4.2 Codal Provisions

Partial safety factor for both dead load and crane load is 1.5 (Table 4, p. no. 29).

Partial safety factor for serviceability for both dead load and crane load is 1.0 (Table 4, p.
no. 29).

Deflection limitations (Table 6, p. no. 31).

Vertical loads
i) Manually operated Span/500
ii) Electric operated.... Span/750

up to 50t

iii) Electric operated Span/1000

over 50t

5.4.3 Other Considerations

Diaphragm must be provided to connect compression flange to roof column of industrial

building to ensure restraint against lateral torsional buckling.

Span is considered to be simply supported to avoid bumpy effect.

Fig Top Running crane with underhung hoist

Fig 5.8 Top Running crane with running trolley hoist

Fig 5.9 Typical Gantry Girder Details

Fig 5.10 Forces and Motions

Fig 5.11 Various types of supports

Fig 5.12 Various types of supports

5.4.4 Impact Factors
Type of load

Additional load

Vertical loads
a) EOT crane

25% of static wheel load

b) HOT crane

10% of static wheel load

Horizontal forces transverse to rails

a) EOT crane
crab & wt. lifted

10% of wt. of

b) HOT crane

05% of wt of
crab & wt. lifted

Horizontal forces along the rails

For both EOT & HOT cranes 05% of static wheel load

Note: Gantry Girder & their vertical supports are designed under the assumption that either of
the horizontal forces act at the same time as the vertical load.
5.5 DESIGN OF GANTRY GIRDER
Example 1

Data
a) Wt. of crane girder/truss 180kN
b) Crane capacity

200kN

c) Wt. of crab + motor

50kN

d) Span of crane girder/truss

16m

e) Min hook approach

1.2m

f) c/c distance betn

grantry columns

6m

g) Wt. of rail

0.25kN/m

Maximum vertical static wheel load = RA/2

=160.625 kN

Wheel load with impact = 1.25 X 160.625

= 200.775 kN
Factored load

= 1.5 X 200.775
= 301.16 kN

Absolute max bending moment in Gantry Girder

This will occur under any wheel load when distance bet n that load and C.G. of load
system is equidistant from the centre of the Gantry Girder span.
Absolute max bending moment = 508.21 kNm
Md = Design moment for laterally unsupported beam
= b . Zp . fbd

(Clause 8.2.2, p. no. 54)

Where b = 1.0 for plastic section (assumed)

Zp = plastic modulus of section

fbd = design bending compressive stress

Assuming fbd = 200 Mpa
Zp required = (508.21 X 106) / (1.0 X 200)
= 2.54 X 106 mm3
Using I and channel section and assuming 80% of Zp is contributed by I section
Zp by I section = 2.032 X 106 mm3
using shape factor of I section = 1.14
Ze required = 2032 / 1.14 = 1766.95 cm3
select ISWB 500 @ 0.94 kN/m
Ze provided = 2091.6 > 1766.95 cm3 . OK
Width of the flange of ISWB 500 = 250 mm
Select channel section having clear web depth
more than 250 mm.
Select ISLC 350 @ 0.38 kN/m
having h1 = 291.9 mm > 250 mm .. OK
Total dead load intensity = 0.94 + 0.38 + 0.25
= 1.57 kN/m
Factored dead load intensity = 1.5 X 1.57
= 2.355 kN/m
Bending moment @ E = 9.93 kNm

Total bending moment due to DL + CL = 518.14 kNm

Selected Cross Section

Refer Annexure E (p. no. 128)

Elastic lateral torsional buckling moment
Elastic critical moment of a section
symmetrical about minor axis yy is given
by E-1.2 of Annexure E (p. no. 128) in
which various factors and geometrical
values of Gantry Girder section are
involved

These are as under

c1, c2, c3, = factors depending upon the

loading and end restraint

conditions, Refer table 42(p. no. 130)

K = effective length factor = 0.8
Therefore c1 = 1.03, c2 = 0.422 & c3 = 1.22
Kw = warping restraint factor = 1.0
yg = y distance betn the point of application of the load & shear centre of the cross
(+ve when load acts towards Shear centre)
= 122.07 mm
Location of Shear Centre

.
yj for lipped flanges of channel section which depends on ratio of f
Where f = Ifc / (Ifc+Ift).
= 0.7

section

yj = 94.055
Iyy = Iyy of ISWB 500 + Ixx of ISLC 350
= 2987.8 + 9312.6 = 12300.4 X 104 mm4
LLT = K . L = 0.8 X 6000 = 4800 mm
Iw = warping constant
= (1- f) f . Iy . (hy)2
= 6.23 X 10 12 mm6
It = Torsion constant
= bt3/3 = 10.86 X 105
G = 0.77 X 105
= 2950 kNm
To find Zp of Gantry Girder section we need to find equal area axis of the section.
This axis is at a depth of 48.74 mm from the top of the section.
Taking moments of areas about equal area axis.
A . y = Zp = 29.334 X 105 mm3
Refering clause 8.2.2 for laterally unsupported beam
(p. no. 54)
= 0.4984
LT = 0.21 for rolled section
= 0.655

= 0.925
Therefore fbd = LT . fy / m0
= 0.925 X 250 / 1.1 = 210.22 N/mm2
MdZ = b . Zp . fbd = 616.66 kNm > Md = 508.21 kNm
OK
Horizontal Action
Total horizontal force perpendicular to span of
Gantry Girder = 10 % (crane capacity + wt. of
crab and motor)
= 10% (200+50) = 25 kN.
As wheels are having double flanges
Horizontal force / wheel = 25/4 = 6.25 kN
Therefore maxm horizontal BM in proportion to vertical bending moment
My = (6.25 /301.16) X 508.21 = 10.546 kNm
This is resisted by ISLC 350 with top flange of ISWB 500

Zpy1y1 = 100 X 12.5 X 337.52 + (1/4) 7.4 X 3252+ (1/4) X 14.7 X 2502
= 8.47 X 105 mm3
Plastic moment capacity about y1y1 axis
Mdy = b . fy . Zp / mo
= 192.5 kNm
Check for biaxial moment
Reffering clause 9.3.1.1 (p. no. 70)
(Mz/Mdz) + (My/Mdy)
= (518.14 / 614.57) + (10.54 / 192.5)
= 0.897 < 1.0 ..

OK

Hence select section for the gantry Girder as ISWB 500 and ISLC 350 over it.

Example:2

Design of gantry girder

Crane capacity =200 kn

Weight of crane excluding crab =250kn
C/c distance between columns = 24 m
Spacing of columns = 8m
Weight of crab = 45 kn
Wheel spacing = 4m
Distance between centre of column to centre of gantry girder = 0.4 m
Crane hook approach distance = 1 m
Solution:
Centre to centre distance between gantry girder =24 - (2 x 0.4) = 23.2m
Calculation of Loads

Weight of crane= 250 KN

Weight of crab= 45 kn
Crane capacity=200 kn
Maximum static wheel load due to due to self weight of crane=(250/4) =62.5 kn
Due to crane load = (200+45)(23.2-1)/(2x23.2) = 117.22 kn
Total static wheel load = 62.50+117.22 = 179.72 kn
Including impact load 25% = 1.25x179.72 = 224.65 kn
Factored wheel load on each wheel = 1.5x224.65 = 336.975 kn

LATERAL LOAD
Lateral load/wheel= 10% ((crane capacity+crab)/4))

=10%

(200+ 40)
4

= 0.1x(245/4) = 6.125 KN

Horizontal load = 5% of wheel load = 0.05x 336.975 =16.848 KN

BENDING MOMENT CALCULATION
Wheel spacing = b = 4m
Span of gantry = l = 8m
b< 0.586 L

POSITION OF WHEELS FOR MAXIMUM BENDING MOMENT

Maximum BM will occur under wheel D

Taking moment about B
8 RA = 336.975 x 5 +336.975 x1
RA = 252.73 KN
Moment at D = 252.73 x 3 = 758.19 KNm

NOTE
If b > 0. 586 L

Keep one of the wheel loads at centre and M Max =

Assume self weight of the girder = 2KN/m

Self weight of rail = 0.3 KN/m
Total dead load = 2.3 KN/m
Factored dead load = 3.45 KN/m
BM due to dead load = WL2 / 8 = 27.6 KNm
Moment due to lateral force
For this also the wheels are to be placed as earlier
8 HA = 9.1875(5+1)
HA = 6.89 KN

(WL)
4

BM at D = 6.89 x 3 =20.67 KNm

Factored moment = 1.5 x 20.67 = 31 KN

Shear force
Maximum shear force occur when one of the wheel loads is at support Shear force due to wheel
load = 336.975 +(336.975/2) = 505.4625 KN

SHEAR FORCE due to self weight = 3.45 x (8/2) = 13.8 KN

Total SF = 519 .26 KN
Shear force due to the lateral load

SF = 9.1875 + (9.1875 /2) = 13.78 KN

DESIGN
Economic design of girder = (1/12) of span
Compression flange width = (1/30) of span
L/12 = 8000/12 = 666.667 mm

L/ 30 = 8000/ 30 = 266.67 mm
Try IS WB 600 @ 145.1 kg/m And
ISMC 400 @ 49.4 kg /m

Properties

ISWB600 @ 145.1 kg/m

ISMC 400@ 49.4 kg/m

A=62.93 x102

A=184.86 x 102 mm2

Tt =23.6 mm

Tt =15.3 mm

Tw = 11.8 mm

Tw =8.6 mm

B=250mm

B=100 mm

Izz =1.15x109mm

Izz =1.5x108mm4

IYY = 5.29 X 107mm4

IYY = 5.0 X 106mm4

Zzz =3.85 x 106mm3

Zzz =7.54 x 105mm3

ZYY= 4.23 x 105mm3

ZYY = 6.7 x 104mm3

Cy = 24.2 mm

Section classification

T=

250
fy

250
250

=1

(b/t) of I beam = (250 11.8) / (2 x 23.6))

b/t of channel = (100 -8.6 )/15.3 = 5.97 <9.46
d/t of I section = (600-2(23.6))/11.8 = 46.84 < 84
Hence the section is plastic (from table 2 , P-18, IS 800)

Elastic properties of combined section

Total area = 184.86 x 102 + 62.93 x 102 =247.79x102
Distance of NA from tension fibre

184.86 x 102 x
=

600
+62.93 x 102 x (600+ 8.624.2)
2
247.79 x 102

= 372.23 mm
Y1 = (372.23 300) = 72.23 mm
Y2 = 600+8.6 -372.23 -24.2 =212.17
IZZ = IZZ (1) +A1Y1^2+ IYYC+ A2Y2^2
= (1.15x109) + (184.86x10 2x72.232)+(5x106+62.93 x102x212.172)
= 1.534 x109mm

(1.534 x 103)
Zzz = (Izz/y) =
372.23

= 4.12 x106mm3

IYY= Iyy (1) + IZZ(C) = (5.29x107+ 1.5 x108) mm4 = 2.03 x108mm4
= 2.03x108mm4
IYY of compression flange
= (Izz)channel +((Iyy/2)) I Section

= (1.5x 108) + (

(5.27 x 107)
2

ZY for top flange alone =

= 1.76 x 108mm4

(1.76 x 108)
200

= 8.82 x105mm3
Calculation of plastic section modulus

Total area = 247.79 x 102m2

Let
Dp be the distance between the centre of I Section to equal area axis

dp = A c h /(2twi) =

(6293)
2 x 11.8

= 266.65 mm

Y PT = distance between tension fibre to equal area axis

= (300+266.65) =566.65 mm
Y PC = (600+8.6-566.65) = 41.95mm
Ignoring the fillets the plastic section modulus below the equal area axis is
Ay = (23.6X250)(566.5 -(23.6/2)) + ((566.5-23.6)x11.8x((566.5 23.6)/2) = 5.01x106

Above equal area axis

For the top flange only

Check

Local moment capacity

Moment due to vertical load = 758.19 KNm

Factored moment due to self weight = 1.5 x 27.6 = 41.4 KNm

Moment due to horizontal force parallel to rail = (1.5x16.848x103x236.37)

= 6KNm
Total moment = 805.59 KN
Hence
Take M dz = 1123 KNm