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There are four GCSE Latin papers, each paper is one hour long:
Language Paper 1
Language Paper 2
Literature Prose set text
Literature Verse set text
Language Paper 1 and 2
Language Paper 1 will consist of two comprehension exercises and an unseen passage based
on the theme of mythology or domestic life.
Language Paper 2 will consist of one comprehension followed by a more challenging unseen
passage based on the theme of history.
Vocabulary
This is a priority for revision for the language paper. You should revise the GCSE vocabulary
lists which you have been given. Any vocabulary which you have not come across before will
be listed at the end of each Latin passage. Make sure that you use the vocabulary help you
are given on the exam paper.
Grammar
You should try to revise all the grammar notes that you have in your language folder. In
addition, use the Taylors Essential GCSE Latin to help you. This book also contains practice
sentences for each grammar point. You should pay particular attention to the following:
Accidence
Forms of regular nouns of all declensions (pages 9-15) and their uses (pages 1-8).
Participles (pages 80-87): present (80), perfect passive (82-84), perfect active (85),
future (pages 86)
Comparative and superlative adjectives (pages 19-21) and adverbs (page 24)
Syntax
The use of the participle (87) including the Ablative Absolute construction (pages 8789)
You must also take home your translation booklets to revise the
important notes in each.
Name .
and easily digested) in summer, if there was any leisure time, he would lie in the sun, while a book
legebatur, adnotabat excerpebatque. nihil enim legit quod
was being read, he would make notes and extracts. For he read nothing which
non excerperet; dicere etiam solebat nullum librum esse
he could not make extracts from; he was even accustomed to say that there was not any book
tam malum ut non aliqua parte prodesset. post solem
so bad that it could not be of use in some part. After time in the sun
plerumque aqua frigida lavabatur, deinde gustabat
usually he would be washed with cold water, then he would have a snack
dormiebatque minimum; mox quasi alio die studebat in
10
and sleep a very little; soon as if it was another day he would study until
cenae tempus. super cenam liber legebatur adnotabatur, et
the time for dinner. Over dinner a book would be read and notes would be made, and
quidem cursim.
rapidly indeed.
15
I am talking about the actual place of bathing, for while he was being scraped and dried
audiebat aliquid aut dictabat). in itinere quasi solutus
he was listening to or dictating something). On a journey, as if freed
ceteris curis, huic uni vacabat: ad latus notarius cum libro et
from other cares, he used to devote himself to this one care: at his side was a secretary with a book
and
pugillaribus, cuius manus hieme manicis muniebantur, ut
writing tablets, whose hands in winter were protected by long sleeves, so that
ne caeli quidem asperitas ullum studii tempus eriperet;
not even the harshness of the weather should take away any time for study;
qua ex causa Romae quoque sella vehebatur. repeto
20
for this reason he was also carried about Rome in a sedan chair. I remember that
me correptum ab eo, quod ambularem: poteras inquit
I was scolded by him, because I was walking: You could
has horas non perdere; nam perire omne tempus arbitrabatur,
not be wasting those hours, he said; for he used to think that all time was being wasted,
quod studiis non impenderetur. vale.
which was not devoted to studies. Farewell.
that an unusual cloud was appearing; which seemed to him, as one might expect from a
most scholarly
viro, magna propiusque noscenda. iubet liburnicam parari;
man, to be great and needing closer investigation. He ordered a fast boat to be prepared;
me si venire una vellem rogat; respondi studere me malle,
he asked me if I should wish to come with him; I replied that I preferred to study,
et forte ipse quod scriberem dederat. egrediebatur domo;
and by chance he himself had given me something to write. He was leaving the house;
accipit codicillos Rectinae Tasci imminenti periculo
he received a note from Rectina, wife of Tascius, terrified by the danger
perterritae (nam villa eius subiacebat, nec ulla nisi navibus
10
threatening (for her villa was lying beneath (Vesuvius), nor was there any escape
fuga): orabat ut se tanto discrimini eriperet. vertit ille
except by boats): she was begging that he might rescue her from such great danger. He
changed
consilium et quod studioso animo inceperat obit maximo.
his plan and what he had begun with an inquiring mind he accomplished with an heroic
(spirit).
deducit quadriremes, ascendit ipse non Rectinae modo sed
He launched the warships, he embarked himself not only to bring help to
multis (erat enim frequens amoenitas orae) laturus auxilium.
Rectina but also to many others (for that delightful stretch of coast was densely populated).
15
He hurried to that place from where others were fleeing, he held a straight course
gubernacula in periculum tenet adeo solutus metu, ut omnes
and straight rudders right into the danger, he was free from fear to such an extent, that
illius mali motus, omnes figuras ut deprenderat oculis
he was dictating and making notes on all the movements of that disaster, all the
dictaret adnotaretque.
features as he had observed thenm with his own eyes.
iam navibus cinis incidebat, calidior et densior, quo
Now the ash was falling on the ships, hotter and thicker,
propius accederent; iam pumices etiam lapidesque nigri et
20
the nearer they approached; now pumice stones and stones black and
ambusti et fracti igne; iam vadum subitum et litora ruina
scorched and cracked by fire; now there was sudden shallow water and the shore blocked
montis obstantia. haesitat paulisper an retro navigaret;
by debris from the mountain. He hesitated for a short while as to whether he should sail
back;
mox gubernatori ut ita faceret monenti fortes inquit
soon he said to the helmsman, who was advising that he should act in this way,
fortuna adiuvat: Pomponianum pete! Pomponianus erat
Fortune favours the brave: make for Pomponianus! Pomponianus was
Stabiis diremptus sinu medio (nam mare sensim circumactis
25
at Stabiae, separated by the middle of the bay (for the sea runs in where
curvatisque litoribus infunditur); ibi periculum, quamquam
the shorelines gently sweep round and curve); there the danger, although
nondum appropinquabat, tamen valde conspicuum erat;
it was not yet approaching, however was very obvious;
Pomponianus igitur sarcinas posuerat in naves, certus fugae
Pomponianus therefore had put his luggage on boats, resolved to escape
si contrarius ventus resedisset. quo tum secundissimo
if the contrary wind had subsided. Then having been brought into Stabiae on this very
favourable wind
30
35
blazing, the glare and clarity of which was being emphasised by the darkness of the night.
excitabatur. ille in remedium formidinis dictitabat ignes
He as a cure for fear kept saying that the country peoples fires
agrestium trepidatione relictos desertasque villas per
which had been abandoned in panic and empty houses were burning in the
solitudinem ardere. tum se quieti dedit et quievit verissimo
deserted areas. Then he gave himself to rest and rested in a very real
quidem somno; nam meatus animae, qui illi propter
sleep indeed; for the passage of his breath, which because of
amplitudinem corporis gravior et sonantior erat, ab eis qui
40
the stoutness of his body was heavier and noisier [than normal],
limini obversabantur audiebatur. sed area ex qua cubiculum
was heard by those who were moving about near his doorway. But the courtyard from
which the bedroom
adibatur ita iam cinere mixtisque pumicibus completa
was approached, full by now with a mixture of ash and pumice,
surrexerat, ut si longior in cubiculo mora esset, exitus
had risen in level in such a way, that if he had delayed in the bedroom any longer,
45
who had stayed awake all night. They debated amongst themselves, as to
tecta maneant an in aperto vagentur. nam crebris
whether they should remain inside the buildings or go out into the open. For
ingentibusque tremoribus tecta nutabant, et quasi emota
the buildings were shaking with large and frequent tremors, and as if torn
sedibus suis nunc huc nunc illuc abire aut referri videbantur.
from their foundations they seemed to sway backwards and forwards, now this way, now
that.
sub dio rursus casus pumicum metuebatur, quamquam
Outside on the other hand there was the fear of the falling of pumice stones, although
levium exesorumque, quod tamen periculorum collatio
50
light and porous, however a comparison of the dangers suggested the latter
elegit; et apud illum quidem ratio rationem, apud alios
choice; in my uncles case (one) reason conquered (another) reason, for the
timorem timor vicit. cervicalia capitibus imposita linteis
others (one) fear conquered (another) fear. They tied down pillows, which they had placed
on their heads, with linen cloths;
constringunt; id munimentum contra incidentia fuit.
that was protection against falling (objects).
iam dies alibi, illic nox omnibus noctibus nigrior
Elsewhere it was already daylight, there night was darker and denser than all other nights;
densiorque; quam tamen faces multae variaque lumina
55
60
the flames and the smell of sulphur, the warning sign of fires,
in fugam vertunt, excitant illum. innitens servis duobus
turned the others to flight, and caused my uncle to get up. Leaning on two slaves
surrexit et statim concidit. spiritus enim, ut ego credo,
he got up and collapsed at once. For his breathing, as I believe,
densiore caligine obstructus erat, claususque stomachus
had been obstructed by thick fumes, and his windpipe blocked
qui illi natura invalidus et angustus et saepe aestuans erat.
which was by nature weak and narrow and often inflamed.
ubi dies redditus est (is ab eo quem novissime viderat
65
When the daylight returned (that was the third (day) from that (day) which he had seen
last),
tertius), corpus inventum est integrum inlaesum
his body was found intact and uninjured
opertumque ut fuerat indutus: habitus corporis dormienti
and covered as he had been dressed: the appearance of his body was
quam mortuo similior.
more similar to one who was sleeping than one who was dead.
her husband should be unaware of it; indeed whenever she entered his bedroom,
vivere filium atque etiam commodiorem esse simulabat, ac
she would pretend that her son was alive and even getting stronger, and
persaepe marito roganti, quid ageret puer, respondebat:
as her husband would ask very often, how the boy was getting on, she would reply:
bene dormivit, libenter cibum consumpsit. deinde, cum
He slept well and ate his food willingly. Then, when
lacrimae diu cohibitae eam vincerent prorumperentque,
the tears which had been held back for a long time were overcoming her and breaking out,
10
she would go out; then she would give herself over to her grief; having had her fill, with her eyes
dried
composito vultu in cubiculum redibat, tamquam orbitatem
her face composed, she would return to the bedroom, as if she had left
foris reliquisset.
the bereavement outside (the door).
praeclarum quidem illud factum eiusdem, ferrum stringere,
Remarkable indeed was that action of that same woman, to draw a blade,
perfodere pectus, extrahere pugionem, porrigere marito,
to stab her breast, to withdraw the dagger, to offer it to her husband,
addere vocem immortalem ac paene divinam: Paete, non
15
20
she might be put on board at the same time. She said, Surely you will give some slaves
25
Then in the presence of Claudius she said to the wife of Scribonianus, when she
profiteretur indicium, egone inquit te audiam, cuius in
was volunteering evidence, Should I listen to you, in whose
gremio Scribonianus occisus est, et vivis? ex quo
lap Scribonianus died, and you are alive? From which
manifestum est ei consilium pulcherrimae mortis non
it is clear that her plan for a most glorious death had not
subitum fuisse. quin etiam, cum Thrasea gener eius
been impulsive. Indeed, when her son-in-law Thrasea
deprecaretur ne mori pergeret, interque alia dixisset: vis
30
was begging her not to carry out her resolve to die, and among other things he had said: Do you
wish
ergo filiam tuam, si mihi pereundum fuerit, mori mecum?,
therefore your daughter, if I had to die, to die with me?,
35
for you can see to it that I die painfully, but you cannot see to it that
non potestis. dum haec dicit, exsiluit e sede adversoque
I do not die. While she was saying this, she leapt out of her chair and
muro caput ingenti impetu impegit et decidit. focilata
dashed her head against the wall opposite with great force and collapsed. Having been resuscitated
dixeram inquit vobis me inventuram esse quamlibet
she said: I had said to you that I would find a way to death however
duram ad mortem viam, si vos facilem negavissetis. vale.
hard, if you had denied me the easy way. Farewell.
Task: choose a question from the selection below and then create a mind map
which includes at least 5 points with specific evidence from the text to support
each point.
1. What makes Pliny a good storyteller?
2. In what ways might Pliny the Elder and Arria be described as selfless individuals?
3. What are the similarities and differences between the characters of Pliny the
Elder and Arria?
4. From the extracts you have read about Pliny the Younger and Arria, what can we
learn about Roman values?
5. Do you like the people that Pliny writes about?
6. Why do you think people still read Pliny today?
7. How does Pliny interest and engage his audience?
8. In what ways might Pliny the Elder and Arria be described as foolish individuals?
You must also take home your analysis booklets and translation
booklets to revise the important notes in each.
Name .
Virgil Section 1
Nisus and Euryalus are introduced to us. They are hungry for battle and Nisus hatches a plan to
attack the Rutulians in their camp.
Lines 176-196
Virgil Section 2
Nisus, Euryalus, encouraged by Ascanius and the Trojans, set out for the enemy camp. They set eyes
on their foe and plan their attack.
Lines 308-323
Euryalus, deeds of daring need a (strong) right hand: now the situation itself calls for this.
hac iter est. tu, ne qua manus se attollere nobis
Here is the way. So that no band of men is able to rise up at us from behind,
a tergo possit, custodi et consule longe;
you, stand guard and watch across a wide area;
haec ego vasta dabo et lato te limite ducam.'
I shall cause havoc here and shall lead you by a broad path.
Virgil Section 3
Nisus and Euryalus slaughter the sleeping Rutulians.
Lines 339-356
350
And he was already making his way towards the comrades of Messapus; there
deficere extremum et religatos rite videbat
he saw that the watch-fire was almost out and the tethered horses were duly
carpere gramen equos, breviter cum talia Nisus
grazing on the grass, when Nisus spoke briefly such words as these,
(sensit enim nimia caede atque cupidine ferri)
(for he sensed that he [Euryalus] was being carried away by excessive eagerness for/and slaughter)
'absistamus' ait, 'nam lux inimica propinquat. ............................................................... 355
Let us stop, he said for the light that is our enemy is drawing near.
poenarum exhaustum satis est, via facta per hostis.'
We have drunk our fill of vengeance, a way has been made through the enemy.
Virgil Section 4
Disaster! Euryalus is captured and killed. Nisus, unable to save his friend, gets his revenge but is
killed in the process.
Lines 367-445
The horsemen took up their positions at the crossroads that they knew
hinc atque hinc, omnemque aditum custode coronant. ................................................ 380
here and there, and surrounded every access point with a guard.
silva fuit late dumis atque ilice nigra
The wood was bristling far and wide with thickets and black oak,
horrida, quam densi complerant undique sentes;
which dense thorns had filled on all sides;
rara per occultos lucebat semita callis.
here and there the path was shining through the hidden tracks.
Euryalum tenebrae ramorum onerosaque praeda
The darkness of the branches and the burdensome plunder
impediunt, fallitque timor regione viarum. .................................................................... 385
was slowing Euryalus up, and fear made him go wrong in the direction of the paths.
Nisus abit; iamque imprudens evaserat hostis
Nisus went off; and now without realising it he had got away from the enemy
atque locos qui post Albae de nomine dicti
and the places which afterwards were called Alban from the name of Alba
Albani (tum rex stabula alta Latinus habebat),
(At that time king Latinus had his tall cattle enclosures there),
ut stetit et frustra absentem respexit amicum:
when he stopped and looked around in vain for his missing friend:
'Euryale infelix, qua te regione reliqui? .......................................................................... 390
Unlucky Euryalus, in what area did I leave you behind?
quave sequar?' rursus perplexum iter omne revolvens
Or where shall I go after you? Threading his way again along all the confusing path
fallacis silvae simul et vestigia retro
of the deceitful forest at the same time and observing the footprints
observata legit dumisque silentibus errat.
he traced them back and wandered in the silent thickets.
405
for me, if I myself have increased them in any way with my hunting
suspendive tholo aut sacra ad fastigia fixi,
or I have hung them from the dome or fixed them to the holy gable,
hunc sine me turbare globum et rege tela per auras.
allow me to throw this mob into confusion and direct my weapons through the breezes.
dixerat et toto conixus corpore ferrum .......................................................................... 410
He had said this and having strained with his whole body
conicit. hasta volans noctis diverberat umbras
he threw the iron. The spear flying split apart the shadows of the night
et venit aversi in tergum Sulmonis ibique
and went into Sulmos back which was turned towards him and there
frangitur, ac fisso transit praecordia ligno.
it broke, and as the wood split went through his heart.
volvitur ille vomens calidum de pectore flumen
He rolled over vomiting a hot river from his chest
frigidus et longis singultibus ilia pulsat. .......................................................................... 415
cold and beats his sides in long gasps.
diversi circumspiciunt. hoc acrior idem
In different directions they looked around. Made braver by this, the same man
ecce aliud summa telum librabat ab aure.
look, he was poising another weapon high up by his ear.
dum trepidant, it hasta Tago per tempus utrumque
While they were trembling, the spear went to Tagus through both his temples
stridens traiectoque haesit tepefacta cerebro.
and whirring stuck fast, growing warm from the brain it had passed through.
saevit atrox Volcens nec teli conspicit usquam .............................................................. 420
Fierce Volcens went wild and he did not spot anywhere the origin of the weapon
auctorem nec quo se ardens immittere possit.
nor where in his burning rage he could hurl himself.
180
185
How does Virgil create an interesting depiction of the Trojan warriors, Nisus and Euryalus, in
these lines?
[10]
You may wish to consider the following points:
The description and words of Nisus
The description of Euryalus
You must refer to the Latin and discuss any stylistic features such as choice, sound and
position of words.
Question 2 (Lines 186-196)
aut pugnam aut aliquid iamdudum invadere magnum
mens agitat mihi, nec placida contenta quiete est.
cernis quae Rutulos habeat fiducia rerum:
lumina rara micant, somno vinoque soluti
procubuere, silent late loca. percipe porro
quid dubitem et quae nunc animo sententia surgat.
Aenean acciri omnes, populusque patresque,
exposcunt, mittique viros qui certa reportent.
si tibi quae posco promittunt (nam mihi facti
fama sat est), tumulo videor reperire sub illo
posse viam ad muros et moenia Pallantea.'
190
195
How does Virgils use of language add to our understanding of Nisus in these lines?
[10]
315
320
[10]
340
345
How does Virgil create a vivid and dramatic scene in these lines?
[10]
370
375
How does Virgil create a sense of drama and suspense in these lines?
[10]
380
385
How does Virgils use of language emphasise the danger facing the Trojans in these lines? [10]
You may wish to consider the following points:
The actions of the Rutulian cavalry
The description of the forest
You must refer to the Latin and discuss any stylistic features such as choice, sound and
position of words.
395
400
[10]
410
415
How does Virgils use of language in these lines give emphasis to this violent and dramatic
episode?
[10]
You may wish to consider the following points:
The actions of Nisus
The description of the deaths of Sulmo and Tagus
You must refer to the Latin and discuss any stylistic features such as choice, sound and
position of words.
420
425
430
[10]
440
445
[10]
Aeneid 9
Practice 8 mark questions
Task: choose a question from the selection below and then create a mind
map which includes at least 5 points with specific evidence from the text to
support each point.
1. What details in Virgils tale of Nisus and Euryalus strike you as tragic?
2. How does Virgil create suspense in the tale of Nisus and Euryalus?
3. What makes Virgils account of Nisus and Euryalus story dramatic?
4. How does Virgil portray the characters of both Nisus and Euryalus?
5. How does Virgil sustain our interest in the story of Nisus and Euryalus?
6. What do you think are the key themes in Virgils story of Nisus and Euryalus?
7. What are the similarities and differences between the characters of Nisus and
Euryalus?
8. How sympathetically does Virgil treat Nisus and Euryalus?
9. How does Virgil engage the audience in the story of Nisus and Euryalus?
10. In your opinion, do Nisus and Euryalus deserve their fate?
11. This story is much more likely to appeal to a Roman audience than a modern one. To
what extent do you agree with this statement?
12. There are some vividly portrayed characters in the extracts from Aeneid 9. What
examples do you find?
13. A vivid, dramatic story with non-stop action. But not everyone will like it! Is this a
fair review of Virgils story of Nisus and Euryalus?
14. Why might you recommend the story of Nisus and Euryalus to a reader today?