QUESTION BANK

FLUID MECHANICS (NCE-301)

UNIT -I
1. Define Newtons law of viscosity.
2. With the neat sketches, explain the condition of equilibrium for floating and
submerged bodies.
3. Define the terms: - absolute pressure, gauge pressure, vacuum pressure.
4. Discuss the shear characteristics of different fluids. Give at least one example of
each type of fluids.
5. State and prove the Pascals law of hydrostatics.
6. Define vapour pressure, capillarity, surface tension, viscosity, compressibility.
7. What do you understand by buoyant force?
8. Explain metacentre and metacentric height.
9. Deduce the equation of the total hydrostatic force and the location of the centre of
pressure on one side of an inclined plane area submerged with in a liquid.
10. A solid cylinder of diameter 1m and height 1m floats in fresh water with its axis
vertical. The cylinder is made of a material of specific gravity 0.7. Determine the
metacentric height and state the condition of its equilibrium.
11. A circular plate of diameter 1 m is immersed in water in such a way that its plane
makes an angle of 30 with the free surface of water. The centre of the plate is 2 m
below the free surface. Determine the total pressure force on one side of the plate and
the position of centre of pressure.
UNIT-II
12. Write down the definition of stream function.
13. What do you understand by circulation?
14. Distinguish between:
i.
Steady and unsteady flow
ii.
Uniform and non-uniform flow
15. Drive an expression for continuity for 3-D steady or unsteady flows, in a Cartesian
coordinate system.
16. A three-dimensional velocity field is given by
u (x,y,z) = Ax+2By+C
v (x,y,z) = Ay + D
w (x,y,z) = -2Az+E
Where A,B,C,D,E are constants.
Find the components of
(a) The strain rates for the above velocity field,
(b) The rotational velocity and
(c) The vorticity.
17. Explain the term:
(i)
Streamline
(ii)
Streakline
(iii)
Pathline
18. With the help of a diagram explain streamlines, equipotential lines and flow net.
Prove that equipotential lines and stream lines intersect each other orthogonally.

19. Using Bucklinghams theorem , show that the discharge Q connected by an oil ring is
given by
Q = (Nd3) f/Nd2 , / (N2d3 , w/(2d)]
Where d is internal diameter of ring, N is rotational speed, is density, is viscosity,
is surface tension and w is the specific weight of oil.
20. The efficiency of a fan depends on the density , dynamic viscosity of the fluid,
angular velocity w, diameter D of the rotor and the discharge Q. Express in terms
of dimensionless parameter.
UNIT-III
21. What do you mean by disported and undistorted model? Explain the advantages of
distorted models.
22. Derive Eulers equation of motion along a stream line and hence derive the
Bernoullis theorem.
23. In a 450 bend a rectangular air duct of 1 m2 cross sectional area is gradually reduced
to 0.5m2 area. Find the magnitude and direction of the force required to hold the duct
in position if the velocity of flow at the 1 m2, section is 10m/s, and pressure is 20943
N/cm2. Take density of air as 1.16kg/m2.
24. Define geometric similarity, kinematic similarity and dynamic similarity.
25. Find the expression for discharge for the flow over a notch of rectangular and
triangular shape.
26. A horizontal venturimeter with inlet diameter 20 cm and throat diameter 10 cm is
used to measure the flow of oil of sp. Gr. 0.8. The discharge of oil through
venturimeter is 60liters/s. Find the reading of the oil-mercury differential manometer.
Take Cd = 0.98
Ans : x=18.12cm.
27. An orifice meter with orifice diameter 15 cm is inserted in a pipe of 30 cm diameter.
The pressure difference measured by a mercury oil differential manometer on the two
sides of the orifice meter gives a reading of 50 cm of mercury. Find the rate of flow
of oil % sp. Gr. 0.9. When the coefficient of discharge of the orifice meter = 0.64
Ans: 137.414 liters/s
UNIT-IV
28. Explain the form: (i) HGL (ii) TEL
29. What do you understand by the terms: Major energy loss and minor energy losses in
pipes?
30. What do you understand by water hammer? Derive on expression for sudden closer
of the value considering pipe material is elastic.
31. Derive Karman-Prandel equation for velocity distribution for turbulent flow in hydro
dynamically smooth.
32. Explain with neat sketch, hydro dynamically smooth and rough boundaries in
turbulent flow.
33. Derive the equation of motion for laminar flow through pipes. Also derive the
expression for velocity and shear stress distribution across the pipe with neat
sketches.
34. Prove that the difference of local velocity and average velocity for turbulent flow
through smooth or rough pipe is given by:
- / w = 5.75log10 (Y/R) + 3.75

35. Derive Hagen poiseuille equation for laminar flow through a circular pipe.
36. Explain the Prandtl mixing length theory for turbulent shear stresses and find the
expression for velocity. Profile: What is velocity defect?
37. For laminar flow of an oil having dynamic viscosity as 1.766 N-s/m2 in 0.3 m
diameter pipe, flows with a maximum velocity of 3 m/sec at the centre of pipe.
Calculate shear stress at the pipe wall and at a point 50 mm from the pipe wall.
38. Shows that the maximum velocity for the flow through two stationary parallel plates
in laminar regime is 1.5 times the average velocity.
39. A pipe daimeter300 mm and length 3500m is used for the transmission of power by
water. The total head at the inlet of the pipe is 500 m. Find the maximum power
available at the outlet, if the value of f=0.006
40. The 30 cm diameter pipe 2340 m long is connecting two reservoirs having free
surface level deference of 72. If in the last 11 cm a second pipe of same diameter be
level be ride the first and connect to it, what would be the increase in the discharge
.Take friction factor of the pipe as 0.02
41. Three reservoir A,B and C are connected by a pipe system having length 700 m,
1200 m and 500 m and diameters 400 mm, 500 mm and 200 mm respectively, The
water levels in reservoir A and B from a datum line are 50 m and 45 m respectively,
The level of water in reservoir C is below the level of water in reservoir B. Find
discharge in to or from the reservoir B and C if rate of flow from reservoir X is 150
liter/sec. Find the height of water level in reservoir C, Take f=0.005 for all pipes.
42. A syphon of diameter 200mm connects two reservoirs having a difference in
elevation of 20 m. The length of the syphon is 500 m and the summit is 3.0 m above
the water level in the upper reservoir. The length of the pipe from upper reservoir to
the summit is 100 m. Determine the discharge through the syphon and also pressure
at the summit. Neglect miner losses. The co-efficient of friction f = 0.005
43. The difference in water surface levels in two tanks, which are connected by three
pipes in series of lengths 300 m, 170m and 210m and of diameters 300 mm, 200mm
and 400mm respectively, is 12m. Determine the rates of flow of water if co-efficient
of friction are 0.005, 0.0052 and 0.0048 respectively considering (i) Minor losses
also (ii) Neglecting minor losses
UNIT-V
44. What is Boundary Layer? Explain with a sketch the development of boundary layer
over a smooth flat plate.
45. Explain the following terms: - (i) laminar sub layer (ii) bluff body (iii) Magnus effect
(iv) airfoil
(v) camber (vi) streamlined body (vii) sub-sonic flow, super-sonic flow,
and sonic flow.
46. What do you understand by the following terms:(i) Terminal velocity of a body (ii) pressure drag and friction drag (iii) coefficient of
drag (iv) coefficient of lift.
47. A kite of dimension 0.7x0.7 m and weighting 6 N. Assume an angle of 80 to the
horizontal and the string to the kite makes an angle of 450 to the horizontal. The pull
on the string is 25 N when the wind is blowing at a speed of 40 km/hr. Find the lift
and drag forces and the corresponding lift and drag coefficient. The density of air
given is 1.2 kg/m3.
(Ans:-CD= 0.487N, CL = 0.652N)

48. The velocity distribution in the boundary layer given by u/U = 2(y/ (y/ 2. Find
the displacement thickness, the momentum thickness and energy thickness.
49. Show that the energy thickness for boundary layer flow is given by
e = 0 u/U (1- u2/U2) dy
50. For the velocity distribution for laminar boundary layer flows given as u/U = 2(y/
(y/ 2. Find an expression for boundary layer thickness ( , shear stress (0) and
coefficient of drag (CD in terms of Reynolds number.
51. What do you mean by boundary layer separation? What is the effect of pressure
gradient on boundary layer separation?
52. What are different methods to prevent the separation of boundary layer? Explain.
53. Explain the phenomenon of drag on a sphere and define stokes law. Draw a graph
between CD and various values of Reynolds number.