11-Nonconv CT and VT

Siemens Power Academy TD
Advanced Current and

Voltage Transformer
Technologies
Copyright Siemens AG 2012.

2008. All rights reserved.
<Advanced Current and Voltage Transformer Technologies>
Why new Technology for the CTs and VTs?
Optimization of primary systems

space-saving
cost-saving
Better working parameters

no CT saturation problems,
standardized transformers for measuring and
protection
Technology
new sensors are available
Version: C Page 2
Chapter 11
Advanced Current and Voltage Transformer Technologies
Copyright Siemens AG 2012. All rights reserved.
New system concepts

intelligent switching devices,
integrated bus concepts (e.g. process bus)
Presentation Overview
Small Signal Technique
Version: C Page 3
Fiber Optic
Chapter 11
Advanced CT & VT Technologies
Definition Small Signal Technology
Small Signal Transformers
Small SignalCTs
Version: C Page 4
Combined Protectionand Control Device
Small SignalVTs
Chapter 11
Small Signal Technology
Small Signal Current Transformer

Classic:
is(t)
Ipr
Isr
ip t
Ipr
A
D
protection device
Small Signal CT:
us(t)
Ipr
RB
Usr
ip t
Ipr
Usr = 22.5 mV
A
D
protection device
Version: C Page 5
Chapter 11
Isr = 1A or 5A
Comparison to Classic CT-Techniques
Classic CT
Ipr = 400 A, 5 P 20
principle error characteristic:
Imeas. kWh
%
5
percentage 4
current error
3
classic technique
2
I > Imeas. kWh
Small Signal Current Transformer
0
50 A
small signal technique
Version: C Page 6
Ith
400 A
log IP
Chapter 11
6
I>
Example: Small Signal CT
= 50 A
Usr
= 22.5 mV
cl.
= 0.5, 5 P 630
kpcr
= 50
Ith
= 31.5 kA
Ipr
= 50 ... 2500 A
Haefely LPCT
Version: C Page 7
Chapter 11
Ipr
protection
5 P 630
measurement
cl. 0.5, kpcr = 50
Ipal = kalfIpr
Ipr
Ipcr = kpcrIpr
primary:
50 A
2500 A
31.5 kA
231.5 kA
secondary:
22.5 mV
1.125 V
14.175 V
20 V
Version: C Page 8
pal
Chapter 11
+ / - current error in %
Small Signal CT Classification acc. to

IEC 60044-8 / CDV
Small Signal Voltage Divider

Classic:
us(t)
Usr = 100 V / 3
A
D
protection device
Small Signal VT:

us(t)
Usr
up t
Upr
Upr
Usr = 3.25 V / 3
A
D
protection device
Version: C Page 9
Chapter 11
Upr
Usr
up t
Upr
Example: Small Signal Voltage Divider
ohmic divider GIS
Version: C Page 10
integrated ohmic divider

to the insulator
Chapter 11
Voltage Measuring
U1
protection and
Me- undunit
control
R1
U2
Ri
R2
Ground
secondary contact
Version: C Page 11
GND
assembly plate
Chapter 11
primary contact
Example: Small Signal Voltage Divider 8DA / 8DB
= 30 kV / 3
Usr
= 3.25 V / 3
cl.
= 0.5, 3P
ku
= 1.9
Haefely LPVTG
LPVTG 36
Haefely
Version: C Page 12
Chapter 11
Upr
protection
3 P, ku = 1.9
measurement
cl. 0.5
0.8 Upr Upr

primary:
secondary:
Version: C Page 13
1.2 Upr
U = kuUpr
20
kV
3
38
kV
3
3.25
V
3
3.57 V
max = 2ku 2 Upr

2 76
kV
3
10V
Chapter 11
+ / - voltage error %
Small Signal Voltage Divider acc. to IEC 60044-7
Connection to the Protection Device
twisted, double shielded

connection cable
wright polarity plug
dielectric strength
2.5 kV~ / 5 kV acc. to
IEC 60694, IEC 60255, IEC 60044
ODU - MINI - SNAP
Version: C Page 14
Chapter 11
Small Signal Technique needs

EMV proofed connection to
protection device:
Goals and Benefits of Low Signal Technology

Small Signal Technology leads to cost reduction during high
requirements on current and voltage measurement
saturation free linear transmission up to the permissible thermal current with full DC-offset
no possibility of ferro-resonances because of inherent damping resistors

flexible application regarding to the operating current
protection, measurement and metering integrated to one transformer
all functions can be operated by one device
increased accuracy and dynamic range in relation to classic technique
Version: C Page 15
Chapter 11
high availability and functionality
Application of Low Signal Technique with 7SJ65
3 * phase currents
potential-
3 * phase-earth
voltages
free
AnalogDigitalconversion
1 * earth current
gal. isolated
for the earthcurrent
Plug in
connection
Version: C Page 16
Chapter 11
double shielded cable
7SJ81
Version: C Page 17
Chapter 11
7SJ81
Version: C Page 18
Chapter 11
Low Power Instrument Transformers for

Medium Voltage Switchgear
Version: C Page 19
Chapter 11
Presentation Overview
Small signal technique
Version: C Page 20
Fiber optic
Chapter 11
Advanced CT & VT Technologies
New Technology of Instrument Transformers in HV
digital output signal (protocol e.g. IEC 61850-9-1)

CT
- inductive transformers with electronic on HV-level
- optical transformers (Faraday-effect)
VT
- capacitive or capacitive-ohmic divider
- optical transformers (Pockels-effect)
Version: C Page 21
Chapter 11
Transformers (Sensors) are passive or active and

use electronic circuits (intelligence)
Fiber Optic
Version: C Page 22
Chapter 11
Principle of Current Measurement (Faraday-effect)
H
with the angle ~ N I
turned output polarization
Ey
Ey
Ex
Ex
FO-sensor coil
with N winding
current conductor
Version: C Page 23
Chapter 11
linear
input polarization
Optical Current Transformer - Prototype
Version: C Page 24
Chapter 11
Principle of Voltage Measurement (Pockels-Effect)
Pockels-cristal
electrical field
E<0
Ey
E=0
E>0
elliptic
output polarization
Ex
circular
input polarization
Version: C Page 25
Chapter 11
Optical CT Application Example
Add-On Scheme:
Integrated Scheme:
Sensor Head
Optical Fibre Cable
with Composite Insulator
Interface Electronics housed in

breaker control unit
Version: C Page 26
Optical Fibre Cable

with Composite Insulator
Interface Electronics housed in

breaker control unit
Chapter 11
Sensor Head
Application Example
Version: C Page 27
Chapter 11
Summary (1)
The functions of the devices do not differ from the

functions of the conventional ones
The important CHANGE is the secondary interface

MV: small signal interface
HV: serial interface (e.g. process bus)
Version: C Page 28
Chapter 11
MV: development of multifunctional devices (protection,

control, measuring, billing)
HV: functional splitting to different devices
reason: higher level of complexity
Summary (2)
A separation of protection and communication

techniques is no longer up to date
Version: C Page 29
Chapter 11
New technologies and future communication

techniques will influence coming inventions in the field
of secondary technology

11-Nonconv CT and VT

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Siemens Power Academy TD

Advanced Current and

Copyright Siemens AG 2012.

Why new Technology for the CTs and VTs?

Optimization of primary systems

Better working parameters

Siemens Power Academy TD

Copyright Siemens AG 2012. All rights reserved.

New system concepts

Small Signal Technique

Siemens Power Academy TD

Copyright Siemens AG 2012. All rights reserved.

Advanced CT & VT Technologies

Definition Small Signal Technology

Small Signal Transformers

Combined Protectionand Control Device

Siemens Power Academy TD

Copyright Siemens AG 2012. All rights reserved.

Small Signal Technology

Small Signal Current Transformer

Small Signal CT:

Siemens Power Academy TD

Copyright Siemens AG 2012. All rights reserved.

Comparison to Classic CT-Techniques

principle error characteristic:

Small Signal Current Transformer

small signal technique

Siemens Power Academy TD

Copyright Siemens AG 2012. All rights reserved.

Example: Small Signal CT

Siemens Power Academy TD

Copyright Siemens AG 2012. All rights reserved.

Siemens Power Academy TD

Copyright Siemens AG 2012. All rights reserved.

Small Signal CT Classification acc. to

Small Signal Voltage Divider

Small Signal VT:

Siemens Power Academy TD

Copyright Siemens AG 2012. All rights reserved.

Example: Small Signal Voltage Divider

Copyright Siemens AG 2012. All rights reserved.

ohmic divider GIS

Siemens Power Academy TD

integrated ohmic divider

Siemens Power Academy TD

Copyright Siemens AG 2012. All rights reserved.

Example: Small Signal Voltage Divider 8DA / 8DB

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Copyright Siemens AG 2012. All rights reserved.

0.8 Upr Upr

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max = 2ku 2 Upr

Copyright Siemens AG 2012. All rights reserved.

Small Signal Voltage Divider acc. to IEC 60044-7

Connection to the Protection Device

twisted, double shielded

Siemens Power Academy TD

Copyright Siemens AG 2012. All rights reserved.

Small Signal Technique needs

Goals and Benefits of Low Signal Technology

no possibility of ferro-resonances because of inherent damping resistors

Siemens Power Academy TD

Copyright Siemens AG 2012. All rights reserved.

high availability and functionality