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11.1
INTRODUCTION
With increase in unit capacity associated with increased capital costs and the steep rise in fuel cost, it is
necessary to maintain the availability of thermal power sets at as high a level as possible. To achieve this
it is essential to reduce the extent of damage, to provide facility for tracking down the faults and their
causes by as good an over view of the process, and shortest possible start up and shut downs.
For start up, acquisition and analysis of a wide variety of information pertainingto various parameters
of steam turbine demand, quick decisions and numerous operations from the operating personnel. In
order to reducethe arduoustaskof monitoringvarious parametersand effect sequentialstart up, minimise
the possible human errors and to achieve start up in minimum time in optimum way Automatic Turbine
Run up System (A.T.R.S.) is introduced.
i I .a
PHILOSOPHY
The ARTS is based on functional group philosophy i.e. the main plant is divided into clearly defined
sections called functional groups such as oil system, vacuum system, turbine system. (Fig. 11.I). Each
functional group is organised and arranged in sub group control (SGC), sub loop control (SLC) and control
interface (CI). Each functional group continues to function automatically all the time demanding enable
criteria based on process requirements and from neighbouring functional groups if required. In the
absence of desired criteria, the system will act in such a manner as to ensure the safety of the main
equipment.
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MANUAL OPERATION
SlGNA L
FUNCTIONAL
SPECnL MODIS
FOLLOW MODE
STEP MODE
CONDITIONING
GROUP
CONTROL
CONTROL INTERFACE
MOTOR
CONTROL
CENTRE
'
'
11.3
11.4
-m
121
SUBGROUP 3b wnxAnhWE
IN OPERATION
,
OFF
FWD
SUBGROUP
ON/^
131
ON
CRTERIA
INDICATION
SUBGROUP IN WERATITION
START UP PROGRAMME
I
(FLICKER U W T )
..
STARTUP
PUSH ~ V T T O H
LAMP
LABEL
11.5
The sub-group control for condensate and evacuation system accomplished its task which comprises of
keeping at least one of the two CEPs in operation /evacuatingthe non condensate gasesfrom the system,
maintaining the desired level of condenser pressure when turbine in operation and breaking the vacuum
I
as and when required by Mechanical process.
The combination of the three sub-group control will provide a turbine start up in the following
sequence:
1) Prepare turbine for start-up
2) Start oil supply system and turning gear
3) Start up condensing plant
4) Start seal steam system
5) Warm up main steam line
6) Warm up turbine
-7) Accelerate turbine to rated speed
8) Synchronize and block generator
GROUP CONTROL
WHEN. HOW MANY. WHICH 7
CONTROL
INTERFACE
r--l
SHUT-DOWN OPERATION
11.6
T
f)
g)
h)
i)
j)
k)
11.7
(FIG.11.4)
A sub group control executes commands, to bring the equipment upto a particular defined state and
contains the start up and shut down programme of the respective group S.G.C. issues commands either
to control interface level on switches on S.L.C. ~esired'numberof criteria act as pre-conditions before
the S.G.C. can take off to execute its defined programme.The programme comprises of steps. For each
step therre is provisionfor monitoring time and waiting time. Waiting time implies that thesubsequent step
could not be executed unless the specified time elapsed. The time between command signal and
appearance of check back signal is known as monitoring time and when it is executed alarm is initiated
and the programme is not proceeding further. In addition execution of any step is also permitted only if
the conditions specified for that particular1 step are completely fulfilled. By-pass conditions are included
at any stage after completing certain task manually if so desired.
to enable switching on after S.G.C.
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a,,,u.cwlItu~
hul, yluul. I
CHECK bACK
SINGAL 6UB,.
GROIJP I N
OPE FIATIO?~
fJlr
ON
11.8
MODES OF OPERATION
ATRS can be operated in the following three modes:
a) Automatic : In this mode all the specified operations are carried out in appropriate sequence
automatically.
134
b) Step Mode :This mode has.beenenvisaged to allowthe operatdrto bypass any criteria if the operator
finds that a criteria is not being obtained because of the malfunctioning of any instrument or transducer.
c) Operator Guide Mode : Inthis mode the ATRS does not issue any commands. The command outputs
are blocked and have to be issued only by hand. This mode allows correct fulfilment of the criteria and
satisfactory progress of the sub-group control system to be tested during commissioning and at other
times. This mode can also be used as a training aid for the operators.
11.9
Im]
DIONTROL ROOM
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I
- > I ~ I II 1 1 1 1 0 1 ~ ~ L (I~IVLJ
I X
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O l , e r a ~ ~ u ~ lUr
a live.
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When SLC is switched ON, it actuates the connected mechanical equipment to the required operating
condition as per the process condition. No sequence logic is involved. SLC can be switched ON I OFF
manually or through SGC.
11.1 1
Control
Functional
Control
Protective,
Logic
Checkback
Signal
FIG. 11.6