In graph theory, betweenness centrality is a measure of centrality in a graph

based on shortest paths.

In geometry, the midpoint is the middle point of a line segment. It is equidistant
from both endpoints, and it is the centroid both of the segment and of the
endpoints. It bisects the segment.
Segment Bisector: A point, segment, line, or plane that divides a line segment
into two equal parts. The bisector of a segment always contains the midpoint of the
segment (M in the pictures at the right).
A right angle is equal to 90 degrees. A line segment (AB) drawn so that it forms
right angles with a line (CD). In geometry and trigonometry, a right angle is an
angle that bisects the angle formed by two adjacent parts of a straight line.
The acute angle is the small angle which is less than 90. If you choose the larger
angle you. will have a Reflex Angle instead: The smaller angle is an Acute Angle, but
the larger angle is a Reflex Angle.
The obtuse angle is the smaller angle. It is more than 90 and less than 180. The
smaller angle is an Obtuse Angle, but the larger angle is a Reflex Angle. ... Types of
Angles Acute Angles Right Angles Straight Angle Reflex Angles Degrees (Angle)
Geometry Index.
In elementary geometry, the property of being perpendicular (perpendicularity) is
the relationship between two lines which meet at a right angle (90 degrees). The
property extends to other related geometric objects. A line is said to be
perpendicular to another line if the two lines intersect at a right angle.

Supplementary angles are

two angles that have a sum
of 180.

Complementary angles are two angles that have a sum of 90.

There is an easy way to try and remember these using the first letters of each word.
The S in supplementary can be used to form the 8 in 180.

The C in complementary can be used to form the 9 in 90.

If we know that a set of angles form one of these special relationships, we can determine
the measure of the other angle.
A linear pair of angles is formed when two lines intersect. Two angles are said to be linear
if they are adjacent angles formed by two intersecting lines. The measure of a straight
angle is 180 degrees, so a linear pair of angles must add up to 180 degrees.
In geometry, the angle bisector theorem is concerned with the relative lengths of the two
segments that a triangle's side is divided into by a line that bisects the opposite angle. It equates
their relative lengths to the relative lengths of the other two sides of the triangle.
Congruent Angles have the same angle (in degrees or radians). That is all. They don't have to
point in the same direction. They don't have to be on similar sized lines.
Congruent segments are simply line segments that are equal in length. Congruent means equal.
Congruent line segments are usually indicated by drawing the same amount of little tic lines in
the middle of the segments, perpendicular to the segments. We indicate a line segment by
drawing a line over its two endpoints.

List Some Essential Ions in the Human Body

Our life is sustained by complex interaction of inorganic and organic substances; and the water
serves as the supportive medium and vehicle for the elements of life. There are nine types of
most essential ions of our body which play a dynamic role in supporting and sustaining health
and life. Out of nine, five are positively charged ions and four are negatively charged ions. The
positively charged ions are called cations as these collect at the negative electrode or cathode
during electrolysis; these are Na+ (Sodium ion), K+ (Potassium ion), Ca++ (Calcium ion), Mg++
(Magnesium ion) and H+ (Hydrogen ion). The negatively charged ions are called anions as these
collect at positive electrode or anode during electrolysis; these are Cl- (Chloride ion), HCO3(Bicarbonate ion), PO43- (Phosphate ion) and OH- (Hydroxyl ion). The genius, Sir Humphrey
Davy discovered in the second decade of the 19th Century that the passage of current through the
aqueous solution of inorganic compounds dissociated them into positively charged and
negatively charged parts. That was the beginning of a field which today has the great utility in
the life sciences and industry. The Sodium (Na+), Chloride (Cl-), Potassium (K+) and
Bicarbonate (HCO3-) are called principle electrolytes and are present in the blood and various
body fluids. Potassium (K+) is essential for heart function. The concentration of electrolytes is
expressed in milli-Equivalents (mEq) per litre. In the plasma of our blood the normal
concentration of Sodium is around 145 mEq/litre; Potassium ranges from 3 to 5 mEq/litre;
Chloride is around 100 mEq/litre and Bicarbonate is around 30 mEq/litre. Hydrogen ions (H+)
hydroxyl ions (OH-), Bicarbonate ions (HCO3-) and Phosphate ions (PO43-) govern the acidbase balance. Our kidneys play a vital role in maintaining the electrolyte balance and acid-base
balance. The total sum of electrolytes also determines the osmotic pressure of intracellular and
extracellular or interstitial body fluids. The osmotic pressure is a physical force and expressed in
osmols (Osm) or milliosmols (mOsm). One mEq of monovalent ions would exert one mOsm and
one mEq of divalent ions would exert two mOsm of osmotic pressure. Osmotic pressure
regulates the movement of water from a compartment of lower concentration of electrolytes or
ions to a compartment of higher concentration of electrolytes or ions. Daily requirement of salts
and minerals of and adult person is 3 to 5 grams. Common salt (Sodium Chloride) is a source of
Sodium and Chloride ions. Rock salt also provides Potassium ions as it contains some Potassium
Chloride in addition Sodium Chloride. Fruits, vegetables and animal products are rich in salts
and minerals. Excess of salts taken as food additives are excreted in urine by kidneys. One may
loose electrolytes and water due to excessive sweating, continued vomiting or profuse diarrhea
resulting in dehydration. To offset the ill effects of dehydration and to correct the lost electrolytes
we should drink the solution of oral rehydration salts that contains Sodium Chloride, Potassium
Chloride, Sodium Citrate and Glucose in optimal proportions.
Another important ion in the body is the Electrolyte Ion:
- subtances that give us ions when dissolved in water are known as electrolytes
- they can conduct electricity due to the mobility of cations and anions
-Sodium, calcium, chloride, magnesium and potassium are the most common electrolytes in the
human body
-electrolytes are electrically charged, which means that they can conduct electrical impulses
- The body needs electrical impulses to make muscle cells contract
-The generation of an electrical impulse by a cell requires an electrical voltage to be maintained
across the membrane of that cell. The difference in electrolyte levels creates and maintains these
electrical voltages
- The kidneys filter electrolytes from the blood and work to keep their levels in the blood
constant. Hormones (like antidiuretic hormone, aldosterone and parathyroid hormone) also help
regulate electrolyte balance.
-Normal body functions, not to mention performance, are severely compromised if adequate
levels of electrolytes are not present, especially in the heat and/or when exercise goes beyond the
two-hour mark

- Gatorade icorporates electrolytes into their drinks in order increase athletes performance during
intense excercise
Source: http://renaldisorders.blogspot.com/2008/11/essential-ions-of-our-body-for.html
Source: https://prezi.com/pjgqhh_3y1ji/copy-of-important-ions-in-the-human-body/