Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
QUESTIONS?
Detail of Damage
Unit 2
3 SSH Outlet tubes failed
8 SSH Outlet tubes were 100% Plugged
All other tubes were clean
Unit 3
8 SSH Outlet tubes failed
Over 100 SSH Outlet tubes were plugged
40% or greater.
What is Exfoliation
Duplex scale made up of
Magnetite, Iron oxides, spalling oxide, outer layer
Spinel Layer, Chromium oxides, stable oxide, inner
layer
Scale Micrographs
Stainless Steel 347H example
Magnetite Layer
Spinel Layer
Possible Solutions
Blow Down System
Does not stop exfoliation, more of a cleaning
system
Shot Peening
Creates dislocations that act as diffusion paths
for Cr, to form the spinel layer at faster rate
Growth of faster & thicker spinel layer, slows /
stops the magnetite layer from forming
Prevents the magnetite from reaching critical
thickness
If exfoliation occurs, it is 80-90% less in volume
Dislocations Example
Precipitates at Dislocation
Flint Creek
Superheater intermediate and outlet have been
shot peened.
On-going learning
Goals
Develop a field or fabrication QC process
Optimize the peening process
Characterize parameters and their effects
Shot size
Travel speed
Pressure
Tool design
Depth of compression/ depth of cold work
XRD Testing
Tests depth of residual stress in the surface,
correlates to cold work
Micro-hardness testing
Metallography & SEM
Steam Exposure of 1000 hrs, 5000 hrs and
10,000 hrs
Microhardness
Steam Exposure
Future
Steam Exposure Results
Develop a Quality Control process
In-service experience from Welsh and Flint
Creek
Optimization of Process and Procedures
Cardinal Unit 2 Superheater, start after
1000hr steam exposure test