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Riyas Moideen KK
Dept. of Civil Engineering
National Institute of Technology
Raipur, India
riyasnitraipur@gmail.com
K. Dewangan
Dept. of Civil Engineering
National Institute of Technology
Raipur, India
dewangan.umesh25@gmail.com
II.
Abstract
Beam is the most common type structure that we are using for
civil engineering construction. It will undergo bending when the load
applied transversely (flexural members). The proper analysis of
beam is important for understanding the actual behavior and
economical use of sections. For this we should consider the
nonlinear effect of members. This paper studies a comparative study
of linear and geometric nonlinear load-deflection behavior of fixed
and simply supported beams under vertical loads. In a geometrically
linear analysis, the equations of equilibrium are formulated before
the deformation state and are not updated with the deformation. This
is valid in case of small deformation only. If the load is very high or
in case of thinner section the effect can't be neglected. So it is
compulsory to use updated stiffness matrix at each load increment.
For this study we formulated three noded steel beam element for both
linear and nonlinear cases. The linear and nonlinear load-deflection
behavior is carried out using STAAD PRO. The linear behavior is
also computed by developing a finite element based MATLAB code.
Load deflection behavior is studied for simply supported beams with
thickness 30 mm, 40 mm and for fixed beam with 30 mm thickness.
Keywords finite element method; geometrical nonlinear
analysis; linear analysis; staad pro; matlab
I.
INTRODUCTION
LITERATURE REVIEW
A. Linear Analysis
Linear analysis in which structure which returns into
original form after the removal of loads and there will be small
changes in shape stiffness and no change in loading direction
or magnitude. A linear FEA analysis is undertaken when a
structure is expected to behave linearly, i.e. obeys Hook's Law.
In linear elastic analysis, the material is assumed to be
unyielding and its properties invariable and the equations of
equilibrium are formulated on the geometry of the unloaded
structure. In this approach the primary unknowns are the joint
displacements, which are determined first by solving the
structure equation of equilibrium. Then the unknown forces
can be obtained through compatibility consideration. In
geometrically linear analysis, the equations of equilibrium are
formulated in the undeformed state and are not updated with
the deformation. This is valid in case of small deformation
only. Three node beam element is selected as the finite element
model in this study, having six degrees of freedom; one lateral
and one rotational at each node. Two nodes at each supports
and one node at the center of the beam as shown in Fig. 1
2
METHODOLOGY
h
1000 mm
F = Load vector
K = Global stiffness matrix
Then the boundary conditions are imposed. The solution of
these simultaneous equations give the nodal unknowns. In the
linear analysis of beams the value of stiffness matrix is
constant throughout the analysis. Deflection of beam is
calculated from the above expression.
B. Non-Linear Analysis
In order to approach the real behavior of the steel beams,
rather than the approximate solutions with linear analysis,
nonlinear analysis is preferred. In nonlinear analysis the
structure will not regain its original shape after the removal of
V.
RESULTS
& DISCUSSIONS
Fig. 5. Load vs Deflection curve for both end fixed steel beam with thickness
40 mm
Fig. 3. Load vs Deflection curve for simply supported steel beam with
thickness 30 mm
Fig. 4. Load vs Deflection curve for simply supported steel beam with
thickness 40 mm
Difference
Between
Linear &
Nonlinear
Nonlinear
analysis
Linear
analysis
using
staad
Linear
analysis
using
matlab
10 (3)
2.706
2.717
2.71
0.011
20 (6)
5.28
5.435
5.420
0.155
30 (9)
7.512
8.152
8.130
0.640
40 (12)
9.424
10.87
10.84
1.446
50 (15)
11.078
13.587
13.55
2.509
60 (18)
12.53
16.305
16.26
3.775
70 (21)
13.823
19.022
18.97
5.199
80 (24)
14.99
21.74
21.68
6.750
90 (27)
16.056
24.457
24.39
8.401
100 (30)
17.037
27.175
27.10
10.138
Difference
Between
Linear &
Nonlinear
Load Percentage
(Load In KN)
Percentage
Variation of Linear
And Nonlinear
(H=30mm)
Percentage
Variation of Linear
And Nonlinear
(H=40mm)
1.1433
10 (3)
0.404858
2.298
2.2866
0.014
20 (6)
2.851886
0.609230
3.486
3.447
3.4299
0.039
30 (9)
7.850834
1.131420
40 (12)
4.632
4.596
4.5732
0.036
40 (12)
13.30267
0.783290
50 (15)
5.737
5.744
5.7165
0.007
50 (15)
18.46618
0.121866
60 (18)
6.794
6.893
6.8598
0.099
60 (18)
23.15241
1.4362400
70 (21)
7.802
8.042
8.0030
0.240
70 (21)
27.33151
2.9843320
80 (24)
8.762
9.191
9.1463
0.429
80 (24)
31.04876
4.667610
90 (27)
9.675
10.34
10.290
0.665
90 (27)
34.35008
6.431335
100 (30)
10.544
11.489
11.433
0.945
100 (30)
37.30635
8.225259
Load
Percentage
(Load In KN)
Nonline
ar
analysis
Linear
analysis
using
staad
Linear
analysis
using
matlab
10 (3)
1.149
1.149
20 (6)
2.312
30 (9)
Load
Percentage
(Load In KN)
Difference
Between
Linear &
Nonlinear
Nonlinear
analysis
Linear
analysis
using
staad
Linear
analysis
using
matlab
10 (3)
0.685
0.685
0.67751
20 (6)
1.372
1.37
1.355
0.002
30 (9)
2.069
2.055
2.0325
0.014
40 (12)
2.776
2.74
2.71
0.036
50 (15)
3.49
3.425
3.3875
0.065
60 (18)
4.201
4.11
4.065
0.091
70 (21)
4.906
4.795
4.7425
0.111
80 (24)
5.603
5.48
5.4201
0.123
90 (27)
6.291
6.165
6.0976
0.126
100 (30)
6.969
6.85
6.7751
0.119
Percentage
Variation of Linear
and Nonlinear
Fixed
10 (3)
0.404858
20 (6)
2.851886
0.145985
30 (9)
7.850834
0.681265
40 (12)
13.30267
1.313869
50 (15)
18.46618
1.89781
60 (18)
23.15241
2.214112
70 (21)
27.33151
2.314911
80 (24)
31.04876
2.244526
90 (27)
34.35008
2.043796
100 (30)
37.30635
1.737226
Load Percentage
(Load In KN)
VI.
CONCLUSIONS
REFERENCES
[1]