Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila

College of Engineering and Technology

Department of Chemical Engineering

Assignment No. 2

Double Dehydration of Oil Palm Empty

Fruit Bunch for the Production of
Isosorbide
(Design of Storage Tanks)
Equipment Design, Lecture

Submitted By:
Abad, Goldie Mae C.
Barros, Diego Sylvano J.
Garcia, Maria Cecille S.
Mercurio, Maria Fatima DS.

Submitted To:
Engr. April Anne Tigue

Double Dehydration of Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis) Empty Fruit Bunch

9
for the Production of Isosorbide

Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila

College of Engineering and Technology
Department of Chemical Engineering
July 29, 2015

Water Storage Tank

A. Design Description
Water Storage Tank is specifically designed to hold and transport water
to the dilution tanks to prepare the concentration of the chemicals to
be used in the production of isosorbide.
B. Design Selection
The storage tank with ellipsoidal dishes was selected since the water to
be stored can be maintained at room temperature thus is considered to
be a low pressure vessel. It is also more economical to use as
compared with hemispherical cylinders and spheres.
C. Principle of Operation
The tank is composed of two nozzles: (1) feed inlet, and (2) water
outlet. The water will be fed into the feed inlet located a few points
from the level of the tank. When the water is needed, a valve is used to
regulate the flow into the outlet nozzle located at the bottom of the
tank.
D. Materials of Construction
The equipment will be constructed using a stainless steel Type 301
which is the most common material for low-cost general purpose which
is used when corrosion is not severe. In this case, water is not corrosive
and reactive. The material can also withstand a temperature range of
0-100C which is suitable to the operation since it will be stored at
room temperature. The maximum allowable tensile stress for steel is
11,000 psi up to 650F (p. 62, Process Equipment Design, Hesse et. al).
E. Data and Assumption
1. The capacity of tank is good for a three day operation.
2. The volume of water needed is 40000 L per day. (Based from
material balance).

Double Dehydration of Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis) Empty Fruit Bunch

9
for the Production of Isosorbide

Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila

College of Engineering and Technology
Department of Chemical Engineering
3. The density of water at 25C is 997.042 kg/m3 (Perrys Chemical
Engineering Handbook 8th edition, sec 2-91).

F. Design Consideration
1. Minimum corrosion allowance is employed with 1/16 in. taken
from Process Equipment Design by Hesse, p. 73.
2. The tank has a storage capacity of 80% of the total capacity of
the tank from the average of 80-90% range from existing
performances of commercially available storage tanks.
3. Overall uncertainties often do fall in the range of 10-20%. Thus,
to cancel this out the same amount of safety factor should be
used. A 20% safety factor will be used (p. 7, Chemical Process
Equipment, Selection and Design, Couper et. al).
4. The efficiency of lap-welded joints is 80% (Plant Design and
Economics

for

Chemical

Engineers,

5th

ed.,

Peters

and

Timmerhaus, pg. 555. Table 12-10).

5. The height to diameter ratio of the tank is 2 (Perrys Chemical
Engineering Handbook 7th edition by Perry and Green, pg 10139).
G. Design Requirements
1. Tank Capacity
2. Tank Dimensions
a. Diameter
b. Height
c. Shell Thickness
d. Head and bottom thickness
H. Design Equations and Calculation
1. Tank Capacity
V eachtank =120,000 L=120 m3
Considering the 80% filling capacity of a standard storage tank,
and a safety factor of 20%,
Double Dehydration of Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis) Empty Fruit Bunch
9
for the Production of Isosorbide

Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila

College of Engineering and Technology
Department of Chemical Engineering
120 m3
V t =1.2
0.80

V t =180 m3
2. Tank Diameter
V =V cylinder +V ellipsoidalhead bottom
2

V=

2
4 D
D H+
h
4
3
2

( )

Where:
D = Tank Diameter
H = Tank Height
h = Head Elliptical Depth
Since H = 2D and h=1/4 of the inner diameter of the head (or D)
in standard ellipsoidal tanks, based from Process Equipment
Design by Hesse, page 86,

4 D 2
V = D2 H +
h
4
3
2

( )

V=

2(
4 D
D 2 D)+
4
3
2

( ) ( D4 )

3 D3
V= D +
2
12
V=

7 3
D
12

180 m3 =

7 3
D
12

D=4.6139 m

Use D = 5 m
3. Tank Height
H= 2D
Since depth for Ellipsoidal head and bottom is D/4,
D
H h+b =2 =0.5 D
4
H total=2 D+0.5 D=2.5 D
Double Dehydration of Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis) Empty Fruit Bunch
9
for the Production of Isosorbide

Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila

College of Engineering and Technology
Department of Chemical Engineering
H total=2.5 ( 4.6139 m )=11.5348 m
Use H = 12 m
4. Shell Thickness
Using equation 4-3, Process Equipment Design by Hesse page
85:
t S=

pD
+C
2 Se p

Where:
tS= thickness of the plate
p = Internal Pressure
D = Internal Diameter
S= Allowable Working Stress
e = Efficiency
C = Corrosion Allowance
To solve for the value of S, use equation 41, Process Equipment
Design by Hesse:
S = (SU)(Fm)(Fa)(Fs)
Where:
SU = 11000 psi (Table 3.1, Process Equipment Design by
Hesse)
Fm = 1.00 for high tensile strength carbon steels
Fa = Fr =1.00 since radiographing and stress relieving is
not required
Fs = 0.25 (Table 4.2, Process Equipment Design by Hesse)
Therefore:
S = 11000 x 1.00 x 1.00 x 1.00 x 0.25 = 2750 Psi
Solving the internal pressure, p:
kg
lb
=997.042
=62.2433
m3
ft 3

p=

Hg
=
gc

( 11.5348 m ) x

1 ft
lb
x 62.2433 3
0.3048 m
ft
144 2
1 ft 2

=16.3578 psi

Double Dehydration of Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis) Empty Fruit Bunch

9
for the Production of Isosorbide

Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila

College of Engineering and Technology
Department of Chemical Engineering

Assume C = 1/16,

0.3048 m
1
16.3578 Psi ( 4.6139 m )
+
2 ( 2750 ) ( 0.80 )16.3578 Psi 16
t S =
12

t S=0.7403 18.80 mm
Use tS = 19 mm
5. Head and Bottom Thickness
Use equation 45 of Process Equipment Design by Hesse for
standard ellipsoidal head and bottom:
pD
t H=
2 Se
Where:
tS= thickness of the plate
p = Internal Pressure
D = Internal Diameter
S= Allowable Working Stress
e = Efficiency and adding 1/16 in. as Corrosion Allowance.

12
0.3048 m 1
16.3578 psi x ( 4.6139m ) x
+
2 ( 2750 ) ( 0.80 ) 16
t H =
t H =0.7378 18.74 mm
Use tH = 19 mm

DESIGN SPECIFICATION: WATER STORAGE TAN

Design Function

Double Dehydration of Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis) Empty Fruit Bunch

9
for the Production of Isosorbide

De

Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila

College of Engineering and Technology
Department of Chemical Engineering

Water Storage Tank is

specifically designed to hold
and transport water to the
dilution tanks to prepare the
concentration of the
chemicals to be used in the
production of isosorbide.

Th
ell
selec

m
te
con
pres
more

hemis

Content
Gauge
Fill Pipe
Shell Plates
Vessel
Base
Outlet
Stream

It is suitable for hydrostatic depth

measurement
It provides the pathway for the
feedstock in entering the vessel
These are metallic plates that are
joint together to create the outer
covering of the storage tank
It is the primary structure that
provides containment of water
It serves as the support system for
the vessel
It provides the exit for the water
effluent

Cut Away View

Design Parts and Utility

Double Dehydration of Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis) Empty Fruit Bunch

9
for the Production of Isosorbide

Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila

College of Engineering and Technology
Department of Chemical Engineering

2.56 m3

2.56 m3

Design Dimensions
Tank Capacity

180 m3

Orientation

Other De
Vertical

Mat

Material of Co
Tank Height

12 m

Shell Thickness

19 mm

Tank Diameter

5m

Head Thickness

19 mm

Residence Time

3 days

Support

Bracket
Support

Double Dehydration of Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis) Empty Fruit Bunch

9
for the Production of Isosorbide

Accessories: