DARA SOFIA D.

ARMODIA GRADE VIITEMPERANCE

Thomas Edison
Thomas Alva Edison (February 11, 1847 October 18, 1931) was
an American inventor and businessman. He developed many devices that greatly
influenced life around the world, including the phonograph, the motion picture camera,
and the long-lasting, practical electric light bulb. Dubbed "The Wizard of Menlo Park",
[2] he was one of the first inventors to apply the principles of mass production and largescale teamwork to the process of invention, and because of that, he is often credited with
the creation of the first industrial research laboratory.[3]
Edison was a prolific inventor, holding 1,093 US patents in his name, as well as many
patents in the United Kingdom, France, and Germany. More significant than the number
of Edison's patents was the widespread impact of his inventions: electric light and
powerutilities, sound recording, and motion pictures all established major new industries
world-wide. Edison's inventions contributed tomass communication and, in particular,
telecommunications. These included a stock ticker, a mechanical vote recorder,
a battery for an electric car, electrical power, recorded music and motion pictures.
His advanced work in these fields was an outgrowth of his early career as
a telegraph operator. Edison developed a system of electric-power generation and
distribution[4] to homes, businesses, and factories a crucial development in the
modern industrialized world. His first power station was on Pearl Street in Manhattan,
New York.[4]

James Watt
James Watt FRS FRSE (30 January 1736 (19 January 1736 OS) 25 August 1819)
[1] was a Scottish inventor, mechanical engineer, andchemist whose Watt steam engine,
an improvement of the Newcomen steam engine, was fundamental to the changes brought
by the Industrial Revolution in both his native Great Britain and the rest of the world.

While working as an instrument maker at the University of Glasgow, Watt became

interested in the technology of steam engines. He realised that contemporary engine
designs wasted a great deal of energy by repeatedly cooling and reheating the cylinder.
Watt introduced a design enhancement, the separate condenser, which avoided this waste
of energy and radically improved the power, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness of steam
engines. Eventually he adapted his engine to produce rotary motion, greatly broadening
its use beyond pumping water.
Watt attempted to commercialise his invention, but experienced great financial difficulties
until he entered a partnership with Matthew Boulton in 1775. The new firm of Boulton
and Watt was eventually highly successful and Watt became a wealthy man. In his
retirement, Watt continued to develop new inventions though none was as significant as
his steam engine work. He died in 1819 at the age of 83.
He developed the concept of horsepower,[2] and the SI unit of power, the watt, was
named after him.

Michael Faraday
Michael Faraday FRS (/f.rde/; 22 September 1791 25 August 1867) was an
English scientist who contributed to the study ofelectromagnetism and electrochemistry.
His main discoveries include the principles underlying electromagnetic
induction,diamagnetism and electrolysis.
Although Faraday received little formal education, he was one of the most influential
scientists in history. It was by his research on the magnetic field around
a conductor carrying a direct current that Faraday established the basis for the concept of
theelectromagnetic field in physics. Faraday also established that magnetism could
affect rays of light and that there was an underlying relationship between the two
phenomena.[1][2] He similarly discovered the principles of electromagnetic induction
and diamagnetism, and the laws of electrolysis. His inventions of electromagnetic rotary

devices formed the foundation of electric motor technology, and it was largely due to his
efforts that electricity became practical for use in technology.
As a chemist, Faraday discovered benzene, investigated the clathrate hydrate of chlorine,
invented an early form of the Bunsen burner and the system of oxidation numbers, and
popularised terminology such as "anode", "cathode", "electrode" and "ion". Faraday
ultimately became the first and foremost Fullerian Professor of Chemistry at the Royal
Institution of Great Britain, a lifetime position.
Faraday was an excellent experimentalist who conveyed his ideas in clear and simple
language; his mathematical abilities, however, did not extend as far as trigonometry and
were limited to the simplest algebra. James Clerk Maxwell took the work of Faraday and
others and summarized it in a set of equations which is accepted as the basis of all
modern theories of electromagnetic phenomena. On Faraday's uses of lines of force,
Maxwell wrote that they show Faraday "to have been in reality a mathematician of a very
high order one from whom the mathematicians of the future may derive valuable and
fertile methods."[3] The SI unit of capacitance is named in his honour: the farad.
Albert Einstein kept a picture of Faraday on his study wall, alongside pictures of Isaac
Newton and James Clerk Maxwell.[4] PhysicistErnest Rutherford stated, "When we
consider the magnitude and extent of his discoveries and their influence on the progress
of science and of industry, there is no honour too great to pay to the memory of Faraday,
one of the greatest scientific discoverers of all time."[5]

Humphry Davy
Sir Humphry Davy, 1st Baronet PRS MRIA FGS (17 December 1778 29 May 1829)
was a Cornish chemist and inventor,[1] who is best remembered today for his discoveries
of several alkali and alkaline earth metals, as well as contributions to the discoveries of
the elemental nature of chlorine and iodine. Berzelius called Davy's 1806 Bakerian
Lecture On Some Chemical Agencies of Electricity[2] "one of the best memoirs which has
ever enriched the theory of chemistry."[3] He was a Baronet, President of the Royal
Society (PRS), Member of the Royal Irish Academy (MRIA), and Fellow of the
Geological Society (FGS).

Georg Ohm
Georg Simon Ohm (German: [om]; 16 March 1789 6 July 1854) was
a German physicist and mathematician. As a school teacher, Ohm began his research with
the new electrochemical cell, invented by Italian scientist Alessandro Volta. Using
equipment of his own creation, Ohm found that there is a direct proportionality between

the potential difference (voltage) applied across a conductor and the resultant electric
current. This relationship is known as Ohm's law.