5.

REPORT CONTENT

5.1. Chapter 1 Introduction

5.1.1. Nature of the Event

What Is Oktoberfest?
The Munich Oktoberfest legitimately makes a case for being the world's biggest folk
festival. Over the previous decade it has pulled in around six million guests a year,
who between them devour just about seven million litres of beer and eat a huge
number of hotdogs, chickens, pretzels and - for those truly needing to douse
everything up - wild oxen. (IBT 2017.Oktoberfest)
Initially a festival of Crown Prince Ludwig's marriage to Princess Therese of SaxeHildburghausen, the celebration has been around since 1810. While there are
different events including folk dancing, music, funfair rides, a costume parade and
food the most captivated event is beer drinking. (The Week UK. 2017)
The celebration, which traverses a little more than two weeks, is held every year in a
field outside Munich's downtown area. Not only is it limited to eating and drinking,
guests can also appreciate beautiful parades, an assortment of carnival rides, and
for those not themselves in conventional Bavarian attire, respect those that are.
Its distinction implies that Oktoberfest is a tremendous attraction and
accommodation and transport must be reserved well ahead of time. All things
considered, it is still conceivable to arrange an excursion at short notice.
Oktoberfest did not generally have the giant entertainment aspect it has today. The
main rides (a merry go round and two swings) and little brew stands did not exist
until 1818. The beer stands were eventually added throughout the years and in 1896
they were supplanted by beer tents that are supported by various bottling works.
There are a sum of 14 huge tents and 20 little tents.
The huge tents have a seating limit of 100,000. One individual tent, claimed by
Hofbru Mnchen, can situate almost 7,000 inside alone. The rides in the celebration
incorporate customary and present day rides, for example, a Ferris wheel, toboggan,
and the Olympia circling. The celebration in the end turned into the occasion it is
today with nourishment, beer, rides, music, and substantially more. (mnchen.tv.
2017)

5.1.2. Background of Oktoberfest

When Does Oktoberfest Happen?
Despite the fact that the celebration ends in October, the greater part of it happens in
September. The previous year's dates are September 17- October 3. The last day is
a Monday: an open event this year as it concurs with the 'Tag der Deutschen Einheit'
- Day of German Unity. At first, in the nineteenth century, it was an October
celebration, however coordinators later chose to advance it to September so guests
could appreciate the flowers and fields in hotter climate.
Generally, the most recent few days of the celebration and the greatest festivals do
at present happen in October.
How Did It Begin?
The first Oktoberfest held in October 1810 was held to pay tribute to the wedding
between Crown Prince Ludwig of Bavaria and Princess Therese of SaxonyHildburghausen. For five whole days, the townsfolk of Munich were welcome to eat,
drink and be merry, and acknowledge parades including drums and music, shooting
shows and a stallion race around a knoll on the edge of town.
Such a not too bad time was had by all that it was orchestrated that the celebration
and the race should be held every year, barring the couple of years the celebration
must be crossed out because of special conditions, for example, the occasion of war,
however the 183rd Oktoberfest was held effectively the earlier year.
Where Is It Held?
The annual Oktoberfest is held in the same location it always has been, since 1810,
the first meadow, named, out of appreciation for Ludwig's lady, the Theresienwiese
(abbreviated to the "Wiesn"), a short cable car ride from the focal town of Munich.
What's On Amid the Festival?
There are 14 unique tents to look over, in spite of the fact that there is one that
doesn't serve beer. The Weinzelt tent offers 15 unique sorts of wine and champagne
to look for the individuals who aren't so enthusiastic about beers.
Different tents to pay special attention to are the 'Kfer's Wies'n-Schnke', the
hotspot for superstars and VIPs, and the 'Schottenhamel', the tent where the Mayor
of Munich authoritatively opens the celebration by tapping the principal beer barrel.
A significant number of the tents offer customary Bavarian dishes to compliment the
abundant measures of liquor on offer, with pig's trotters and warm potato salads
favourites. (Oktoberfest.de 2015)
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5.1.3. Objectives of the event

Festivals for the most part are seen by their coordinators and host groups as being
social or social festivals. More and that's only the tip of the iceberg, they are
additionally being seen as vacation spots which have an impressive financial effect
on the surrounding area. (Frisby & Gets 2013)
Without a doubt, the capacity of festivals to turn into fruitful vacation spots depends
partially on their objectives what's more, the path in which they are overseen.
Thereby event objectives should be SMART:
S Specific:

What outcome, by when. The goal ought to indicate what you

need to accomplish and be engaged upon the points of the
event. (Nigel. 2013)

M Measurable:

How much the hard numbers we can measure, you ought to

have the capacity to gauge whether you are meeting the targets
or not. (Nigel. 2013)

A Achievable:

Not only is the objective achievable, were also relatively likely to

accomplish it. the target set must be achievable and feasible
given the asset spending plan for the event. (Nigel. 2013)

R Relevant:

The objective relates back to our events goals. If it doesnt, it

isnt our objective anymore. the target must be reasonable given
the assets utilized. (Nigel. 2013)

T Time-bound:

Time bound implies we can make a course of events that

characterizes the start and the end of the period in which we are
measuring. There's a begin and stop point, and we can gauge
the change between the two.
Sufficient time ought to be designated to accomplish the goals,
in an opportune way. (Nigel. 2013)

5.1.3.1. Explicit Objectives

Explicit objectives are those objectives which have a direct and visible impact on the
economic as well as the social cultural environment.
When discussing the explicit objectives of Oktoberfest. They are numerous in nature,
but can be however simplified in the below listed items.
Preserve traditions and cultures
The main idea of holding this festival yearly, is to keep the tradition as well as the
folk story behind the festival alive for generations to come. It also serves as a unique
cultural incentive which will bring about a boost in tourism in the city,
To create jobs
The festival generates approximately 12,000 direct jobs and numerous other indirect
forms of employment in the tourism sector as well.
Clearing of beer
Oktoberfest beer is of an assortment called Mrzen. Darker and more grounded than
conventional beer, Mrzen contains up to 6% liquor, is base aged, and is beered for
no less than 30 days. Prior to the approach of advanced refrigeration methods, this
sort of beer was prepared in March (as its name recommends) and permitted to age
through the mid year, with the goal that it was prepared to drink by late summer or
early fall.
Like all German beer, the Oktoberfest beer is blended by German hops (called the
Reinheitsgebot and as a result since 1516) that exactly characterize the four fixings
permitted in the fermenting of beer: grain, jumps, malt, and yeast. (Oktoberfest History of Oktoberfest. 2017)
Only 6 Munich distilleries - Augustiner, Hacker-Pschorr, Hofbru, Lwenbru,
Paulaner, and Spaten - are allowed to serve beer at the celebration. 14 bigger and a
few smaller beer tents and beer gardens give enough seating to 98,000 guests at
once.
Beer is served by the Ma, a one-liter mug, and expenses somewhere around 9 and
10 euros. Beer house keepers and servers must have the capacity to convey 10 of
these beer filled mugs at once
Business Opportunities
Around 500 different business inclusive of independent stall owners, operate during
the specified period of Oktoberfest, raking in tons of money which has the ability to
bump the entire German economy by at least 1 billion euros which is a pretty big
amount.

5.1.3.2. Implicit Objectives

Profit Maximization

As always an event or in this instance, a fdestival is mainly conducted to earn some

sort of profit. Oktoberfst, being an annual tradition orgianxed by the state of Munich,
still however has an incentive to make profit mainly for the betterment of the town
and the country as a whole.
Oktoberfest has become one of Germany's biggest exports, raking in a staggering
sum of 1.1bn (863m) in profit, in Munich alone. (The Week UK. 2017.)

Pride Both Town and Nation

Other than monetary advantages, festivals can fortify a town/ country's picture, and
give recreational or social chances to its inhabitants (Lee et al., 2011).
Festivals can likewise improve neighborhood pride, which has the extra advantage of
conceivably expanding group and social union (Lee et al., 2011).
By creating neighborhood pride, festivals can possibly take advantage of a
refurbished appearance and attract consumers and volunteers from the nearby cities
(Cole and Chancellor, 2008).
Lee et al., (2011) communicated that, "support has been exhibited for an immediate
relationship amongst esteem and behavioral expectations" (p. 688).

5.1.4. The Hypothetical Event Checklist

Pre Event Checklist

Local Government Requisites
It is important that we inform the local government well ahead of time that we
are conducting this event in order to avoid mix ups and misunderstandings.
We should also confirm that the required bookings and reservations are done
properly (Event Checklist. 2017)
Budget Plan
This should be taken into consideration prior to the event to set about the
monetary affairs in order. For example, Expenditure Vs Income (Event
Checklist. 2017)
Event Location
We need to make sure that we have confirmed the events final location and it
is vital to ensure that we have made the venue reservations as required
Event Activities
This will be the list of all the activities to be conducted at the event. A section
of this agenda is to be made available to all the required parties and clients in
order to ensure a smooth function of the event
Event Sponsors
This is a crucial part of organizing your event because sponsors could be the
primary or sometimes the secondary source of income. They can also play a
major role in helping you to market the event.
Advertising and Promotions
When everything is good to go you may begin arranging about your
showcasing and advertisement techniques. we should remember here that
the showcasing material, for example, flyers, blurbs and leaflets, will be
essential for your event advancement. It is also a smart thought to utilize
social media as method for welcoming your prospective customers. You can
likewise enlist an event webcasting organization to stream your event over the

A Simplified Pre Event Checklist With A Timeline

3 - 4 Months Prior To The Event :

Set up a Organization team

Plan on a budget
Fix a location
Print tickets

2 - 3 Months Prior To The Event:

Plan lay-out of the tent

Coordinating with other parties
Handle water, electricity and garbage disposal methods
Hiring of amusement rides and other forms of entertainment

6 Weeks Prior To The Event:

Requesting alcohol permits

Sorting out accommodation to participants
Hiring necessary facilities such as portable toilets and changing rooms
Handling security for the event

4 Weeks Prior To The Event:

Hiring of sound and light systems and furniture

Coordinating with people running stalls
Promotion of Oktoberfest

2 Weeks Prior To The Event:

Setting up of the tent

Blocking out of area used for the event
Partition of stalls
Hiring support staff
Transport and storage of alcohol
Setting up of amusement ride and entertainment

A Day Before The Event :

Division of stalls
Decoration of stalls
Setting up the stage
Light and sound
Coordination with authorities
Setting up of furniture
Final run through

Event Day Checklist

Event Briefing
Prior to the event it is imperative that all the required stakeholders and
participants be briefed in order to ensure a smooth functioning event.

Enlistment Area
This is very important in managing the human resources of an event. Such as
volunteers, since this will be the location that they will be signing up.

Event Coordinators Contact

All Staff and Volunteers ought to have their Event Coordinators contact so
they could contact them rapidly just in case a problem occurs.

Chain of Command
Volunteers and participants ought to be well briefed on whom to contact first
amidst a crisis. A list of people to contact on a specific action inside the
event ought to be read and distributed. Every facilitator should have
assigned individual partsin the event like food distribution, responsible for
security, accountable for the event and so on. (Event Checklist. 2017)

A Simplified Pre Event Checklist With A Timeline

Day of the event:
Greet Mayor
Overall overview
During the event:
Make sure the event runs smoothly
Have back up plans

Post-Event Checklist

Make an assessment about the activities done amidst the event and ultimately
remember to state Thank You to all individuals who make the event conceivable.
Another important point, it would ideal to get some information about their criticism in
regards to the event to check whether everything was done as was arranged and
besides that, this will give you extra thoughts or important insights to accomplish a
better event the following year. (Event Checklist. 2017)

A Simplified Post - Event Checklist With A Timeline

End of the event:

Dissemble lights and sound

Dismantle rides and tent
Overall clean up

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5.2. Chapter 2 The Event & Its Environment

5.2.1. Macro Environment

In trying to understand the macro environment of Oktoberfest, there a number of

models we can use to theorize and explain the different aspects and facets which
come into play when organizing an event as vast as this. (Robinson. 2004)
However, a simple and an effective analytical model, PESTEL exists to breakdown
the macro environment of a particular festival such as Oktoberfest.
The main aspects of the model have been listed and explained below in relation to
the event,

Political Environment
Germany is a democratic republic. There is a very strong has a link between political
and legal system of the country.
Economical Environment
Germany is the world 5th largest economy and has competitively low cost raw
materials.
It has an excellent infrastructure.
Germany offers some of Europes most highly trained and reliable employees.

Social Environment

Germany is a relatively peaceful nation and has an incredible ethno cultural diversity.
Germany has good collection of architecture, music, art and literature.
Population is generally very friendly and educated.
When considering the social environment vs the Oktoberfest festival, we must try to
understand how it:
Affects the quality of life of the towns local residents.
We mustn't overlook the occupant's recognitions and address the worries of
the local individuals and decrease the negative effect.

11

Technological Environment
Germany is a very technically and technologically advanced country.
It is a very well developed industrialized nation. Therefore it bring with it a lot of
advantages such as :
Cost reduction due to advanced technology.
Very well developed infrastructures.
These advantages will also help reduce both the direct and indirect costs of
Oktoberfest.

Natural Environment
Germany is considered to have very good scenic beauty.
There is a general trend towards more environmentally friendly products and
services.
Therefore we see the following at Oktoberfst :
Recycling products use in Oktoberfest.
A Growing desire to protect the environment.
Legal Environment
Germany has a very strict yet extremely effective legal system in the country.
With regards to Oktoberfest the following legalities apply
German beer purity law Adopted in 1516 also known as Reinheitsgebot is
a regulation limiting the ingredients used in brewing Oktoberfest specific beer.
Oliver, Garrett (2011-09-09)
German law is very particular when it deals with organizations or entities who
cause any kind of harm to its nature and people. E.g.: 100 Euro fine for public
urination applicable both at the festival and throughout Germany
Right to restrict access to Oktoberfest to avoid overcrowding.

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5.2.2. Micro Environment

Oktoberfest give a chance to the neighborhood individuals to create and share their
way of life, which make a feeling of qualities and convictions held by the people in a
nearby group.
Oktoberfest gives the vacationer the chance to perceive how the locals commend
their way of life and help the guests to communicate with the host group.
The yearning for celebrations and occasions is not particularly intended to address
the requirements for any one specific gathering. The facilitating of occasions is
frequently created due to the tourism and financial open doors extra to social and
social advantages.
Oktoberfest have a noteworthy influence in a city and nearby group. Celebrations are
appealing to host groups, since it creates neighborhood pride and character for the
nearby individuals.
The people groups and groups that host the celebration give the guests a dynamic
and important culture. Nearby people group assume indispensable parts in creating
tourism through celebrations.
The occasions thusly are viewed as an essential instrument for pulling in guests and
building the picture inside various groups. (Rib. 2008)

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Micro Environmental Factors Affecting Oktoberfest

Owners
Oktoberfest is not owned by a single entity, it is a publicly organized state event,
which relies on a number of private sponsors to make the event possible.
Employees
An aggregate of 12,000 individuals deal with the Oktoberfest consistently and,
obviously, numerous others are utilized by lodgings and different organizations
taking into account revelers.
Suppliers
A number of suppliers are present throughout the almost month long festival.
Approximately around 500 different entities. Most of them being beer and food
suppliers.
Media
The festival grasps the interest of both internationally and locally renowned media
cooperations as well as several other independent entities. Mainly owing to its huge
size, scale and prospective audience. The official website also sets up live webcams
streaming the event live for anyone to watch. (Munchen.tv 2017)
Competitors
The main Oktoberfest doesnt have any completion within the same city. Hwever,
there are small mini food and folk festivals being held across the nation, however not
under the name of Oktoberfest.
During the same period however a number of other Oktoberfest are held world wide,
For example the second largest Oktoberfest is held in Wisconsin in the United States
of America (Oktoberfest Insider 2011)
And Sri Lanka has its own Oktoberfest organized by the Hilton Colombo being
successfully held annually. (Hilton Colombo. 2016)
Customers
Oktoberfest is free for anyone to enter and visit. However most of the attraction
provided have an age limitation especially when it comes to the consumption of
alcohol.
the festival has different areas allocated for its different customer groups. For
example : a separate mini festival is held for all the kids and minors attending
Oktoberfest (Oktoberfest Insider 2011)
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5.3. Chapter 3 The Event and Its Impacts

Festivals have extended quickly in number, prevalence and differences because of
the many advantages and commitments toward nearby financial advancement.
A nearby festival such as Oktoberfest can be a vital apparatus in tourism
advancement for a town, city or area. Lee and Beeler (2009) states, "it expands
nearby tourism requests, it makes the character of a neighbourhood stand out and
enhances the picture of an area, and the key situation of differing nearby festivals
can augment the tourism season" as such a neighbourhood celebration can be an
imperative asset in the improvement and advancement of tourism.
Lee and Turco (1996) characterize the financial effect of festivals as "the net change
in the economy thus of spending credited to a celebration or exceptional event".
Immediate advantages may emerge because of the expanded number of guests who
spend locally when pulled in to the event, and in the encompassing district
separately (Wood and Thomas, 2008).
Apart from the immediate spending at the event, travellers are probably going to
burn through cash on transportation, settlement and eateries in the host locale. This
use can have a significant effect as it courses in the neighbourhood economy (Allen,
O'Toole, McDonnell and Harris, 2005).
The immediate effects incorporate uses made by guests, while indirect expenses are
ones that are acquired as an immediate aftereffect of the improvement of the event,
for example, supplies or material buys, and work cost to fabricate and construction
costs.
Apart from financial events outcomes, events have other positive and negative
consequences for host groups. They can resuscitate the social and social existence
of the nearby individuals, construct group pride, give a feeling of personality,
increment group interest and pride of the range or upgrade the picture of a goal
(Pasanen et al, 2009).
It has been recommended that socio-social effects happen subsequently of the one
of a kind cooperation amongst sightseers and a goal region with its populace. The
entire goal gets to be "unmistakable" as an event happens, so it has genuine chance
to create socio-social effects (Small et al., 2005).
Host community disappointment can undermine the long haul accomplishment of an
event and subsequently the acknowledgment by local people is imperative for the
progression of the event (Small et al., 2005).
Teo (1994) characterizes social and social effects of event tourism as: "the routes in
which tourism is adding to changes in the esteem frameworks, ethics and their lead,
singular conduct, family connections, aggregate ways of life, inventive expressions,
conventional services and group association"

15

5.3.1 Positive Impacts

Making a positive affair for all parties concerned at an event can bring about the
extra advantage of people giving informal promoting to family and companions,
which can bring about new guests and expanded tourism income to the group (Cole
and Chancellor, 2008).
Some of these explicit positive impacts are:
Expanded assets for the security and preservation of common and cultural
legacy assets.
An expanded salary from tourism consumptions.
Numerous new business openings.
Monetary improvement.
Enhanced infrastructure.
Recovery of neighbourhood conventions and the related pay.
Delivering potential for neighbourhood individuals.
Improvement of local skillsets

There quite a few notable, implicit , positive impacts to Oktoberfest as well,

An expanded instigated salary from tourism consumptions.

Numerous new instigated business openings.
An expanded tax base.
Expanded city pride prompting to a superior domain for both local people and
tourists also.
Expanded people group perceivability prompting to other financial
advancement opportunities.

16

5.3.2 Negative Impacts

According to an article written by a frequent Oktoberfest goer in 2015,

Police reported that the quantity of assaults increased by a quarter to 137. Of those,
61 cases were wounds brought on by flying beer mugs, substantial one-litre glasses
which make hazardous rockets in a swarmed tent.
There were 10 rapes cases at or close to the Oktoberfest, contrasted to 11 in 2005,
police said.
Security protects around 220,000 beer glasses from souvenir seekers attempting to
sneak them out of the tents (Spiegel Online. 2017)

A number of other negative impacts of Oktoberfest are

Oktoberfest is a huge and long celebration which could prompt to demolition

of resources.
Individuals who reserve a spot ought to arrive on time, if not tables and seats
fill up rapidly.
Restrooms could get swarmed and prone to have long lines.
A lot of tourism work of Oktoberfest is occasional in nature.
Work in this field is regularly low paying.
Tourism improvement can create swelling.
If no proper arrangements and planning are done tourism improvement can
prompt to increased costs (arrive, lodging, nourishment, administrations)
Pollution
Activity/blockage can bring down the allure of a group or locale for investors
Expanded duties
Non bona fide improvement can diminish the engaging quality of a region as
a tourism goal.

17

5.3.3 Problems and Issues

Most of the problems and issues pertaining to Oktoberfest have been listed in the
Negative impacts of the event.
However, a further discussion of said problems will enlighten us on the many
downsides the event has and can eventually lead us to a solution and other
recommendations as to how to improve the vent for all parties involved.
We will analyze problems and issues through the viewpoint of a foreign tourist to
help us gain an insight about the issues Oktoberfest has.
A Foreign Tourists Viewpoint :

A Miss Kathy Johnson stated that ; the festival was extremely crwded and when they
arrived there was blistering hot. Due to the above two reasons they skipped the
parade and all the outdoor events and headed straight for a beer tent.
Prohibition on outside beverages
The organizers of Oktoberfest has set about a very strict rule ensuring that no
beverages purchased outside can be consumed in the beer tents. And the author
had personally exclaimed how frustrated she was because she had to spilt up with
her husband because he wanted to try out the beer while she was left outside
consuming her fizzy drink. (Matador Network. Jonson 2013)

Overcrowding
The author explicitly states that unless you make a reservation for a table ahead of
time with advance payment, it will be practically impossible to get a seat at one of the
beer tents.
She also states that the people who are already present at the tables sometimes sit
there for hours on end refusing to get up even tough they are done consuming their
beer and food.

18

Sanitation Problems
A very important and frustrating issue was that of sanitation facilities and
conveniences being made available to the festival goers. the main restrooms only
available inside the beer tents which was nearly impossible to get into and to add to
that the public urination fine of 100 euros, so you end up having no choice but to
squeeze through thousands of people and then stand in line to relive yourself.

Emigration of Locals : Disruption of Local Lifestyles

Even though the Munich Oktoberfest is one the of the most celebrated and most
looked forward to festivals in the world today. a huge number of Munich locals
emigrate and leave the town for the period of the festival in order to escape all the
noise and pollution in the town due to the tourists. This disruption of the local lifestyle
and livelihood is of critical concern since the town belongs to the people of Munich
and their way of life and safety is being threatened by foreign tourists invading their
privacy.(Johnson. 2013).

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5.4. Chapter 4 Future Of the Event

5.4.1 Macro Environment Perspective
Festival tourism is regularly comprehend as expanding the monetary and,
subsequently, the social prosperity of groups. The significance of events as a gadget
for development of tourism is required to increment later on (Pasanen et al, 2009).
In any case, it ought to be recollected that specified development is more than
recently financial advancement in various ranges, social and socio cultural angles,
are additionally imperative for the achievement of the occasions and in addition of
the goals
In terms of a micro environment perspective, the future of Oktoberfest is highly
dependent of the countrys economic stature. Even though the festival will be held
annually without fail. The prospects governing the event are likely to change with the
increasing inflation rate.
Another factor which might determine the future of the festival is the governing
political party, which may have the authority to change the regulations that govern
the festival.
Looking back at the 183 years of Oktoberfests, there hasnt been much change
when it comes to the cultural aspects of the festivals.
The most probable changes when it comes to a future Oktoberfests will be with
technology. New upcoming technology may have a very positive impact on the
festival Such as better waste management systems and the development of new
applications on both mobile platforms which may elevate and renew the already
amazing Oktoberfest Experience. (Oxford College of Marketing Blog. 2017)

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5.4.2 Micro Environment Perspective

When looking at the future of Oktoberfest through the micro environment

perspective, the festival is likely to change significantly.
The many factors affecting the Micro environment, ranging from the customers, to
the media and the suppliers will influence the festival.
For Example:
Customers :
The number of attendees attending the festival will continue to rise in number, and
the festival will eventually become very culturally diverse, with the presence of local
tourists decreeing.
Suppliers :
The number of suppliers will undoubtedly increase to contend with the rising number
of customers. The current figure of 554 suppliers with respect to the previous
Oktoberfest will likely increase in the years to come.
Media
The media plays a huge role in marketing the event successfully. the number of
media corporations will increase over the years to come, with a higher presence form
foreign media parties being probable.
Employees
the number of employees required to make the Munich Oktoberfest successful will
also increase to contend with the definite increase in customers every year. The
current figure stands at 14,000 which will probably increase by at least a 1000 owing
to the high demand of the festival by consumers.
Competitors
The competition is likely to increase internationally as it has been observed
throughout the past few decade. Due to the high profit margins of alcohol
consumption and food festivals.
The United States of America alone has around 110 Oktoberfest during the months
of September to October.
(Oxford College of Marketing Blog. 2017)

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5.5. Chapter 5 Recommendations

5.5.1 Strategies & Actions

Crowd Control Psychology : Theory In Practice

According to the Polizeioberrat, POR, (Lieutenant Colonel) Gerhard Bayer, states
that, up to six million individuals went to Oktoberfest amidst its 16 days. Since the
celebration happens in the focal point of the city, parking spots are constrained.
Police experienced issues controlling the landing of the partygoers since they utilized
the general population transportation framework: transports, streetcars, and the
metro.
The Oktoberfest grounds cover 104 acres of land, with brew corridors seating 98,000
individuals. On these grounds, up to 350 cops were on obligation at one time. They
were separated into 19 distinctive teams (units). Every team worked for 12 days,
eight to 10 hours a day.
From vital areas, officers could deal rapidly with issues, for example, mischances in
the kitchens or at the roundabouts, sudden changes in the climate, and packed
W.Cs (at the celebration, there were around 1,440 toilets with 17 for physically
debilitated individuals).
European guests and those from alternate countries all had changing perspectives of
police. A portion of the issues police confronted included correspondence
individuals talked diverse dialects or were inebriated. Unmerited, sudden assaults
against cops brought about the people being accused of hostility against cops.
Police additionally managed individuals affected by mixed drinks and a mix of
medications abused like methamphetamine (speed). Usually, capturing such
individuals required more police.
Various guests to the Oktoberfest viewed themselves as to be in some kind of a free
zone, where principles and laws did not make a difference or where such
confinements were made for others and not themselves. (Policing the Oktoberfest |
Hendon Publishing.2017)

22

Security At Oktoberfest : A Study of the Strategies Implemented

Since the Munich Oktoberfest is a state organized event, the security provide is
usually the police and sometimes the German army
Police at Oktoberfest likewise ended up in the spotlight since individuals and the
media focused on their exercises with cameras, camcorders, and cell phones with
photograph abilities. Huge quantities of universal expert media were likewise
present.
The police considered great participation with the media a need, and a press office
was set up to facilitate media demands.
In the beer corridors, the police worked in collaboration with 800 to 1,000 unarmed
individuals from private security associations to avert packing in the lobbies. The
issue was that numerous such security work candidates did not have the essential
instructive necessities for the employment and needed preparing in how to handle
inebriated people.
These security individuals likewise had a poor notoriety with the overall population.
Infrequently there were troubles between security staff and beer lobby guests.
By and large, the police were not in charge of issues inside the brew lobbies until
they were brought into manage criminal offenses and sloppy behaviour. As indicated
by law, the private security individuals could just confine culprits caught in the act
until the entry of the police.
Police tended to these worries right on time via preparing security staffs before the
Oktoberfest, and by relegating an instructing watch officer as the predominant of all
the police teams who likewise went about as a contact between the police and
security staffs.
No mobs happened amid the Oktoberfest because of a solid police nearness, yet
there were squabbles between inebriated individuals, and adolescents created
inconvenience over ethnic contrasts. Cops did not endure forceful directlike our
"zero resilience" approaches. Likewise, a program concerning inappropriate behavior
was set up.
Oktoberfestst is by large not the place for political dissent exercises, and this year
there were no such exercises. One special case was when, in 1980, a solitary,
conservative radical led a bomb assault at a passageway. (Policing the Oktoberfest |
Hendon Publishing.2017)

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Effective Labor Division to Ensure Safety At Oktoberfest

Every subdivision of the Bavaria State Police's Munich Police Department, with its
7,200 cops and non-military personnel representatives, sent officers to the
Oktoberfest. A center of 400 profoundly energetic officers was required; these were
all volunteers.
The Bepo, which is the Federal German Police, prepare for a long period of service.
They are allocated to police preparing sleeping quarters before being relegated to
ordinary road obligations.
For the festival, Bepo officers were partitioned into about six teams to bolster
conventional police teams. They played out similar occupations, with uncommon
authorization accentuation given to adolescents and grown-ups expending
medications of manhandle and being watchful for kids less than 16 years old in the
beer tents without their folks. Since the numerous Bepo officers prepared in Munich,
they knew the range and different policing circumstances.
At the passages to the Oktoberfest, Bepo officers processed guest's packs and
pockets, the justification being that if the guests felt safe, they would respond to
awful circumstances in a cooler way. Bepo constrains likewise served as a strategic
hold. (Policing the Oktoberfest | Hendon Publishing.2017)

Linguistic Difficulties
There have been known to be a lot of difficulty when customers try to communicate
with the hostesses and stall owners, since some of them are not very conversant in
English or other languages.
The probable recommendation to try to eliminate the issue, it for both parties to try to
learn a common language, such as English.
The visitors can also try to learn a few Oktoberfest related German phrases which
will help speed up and eliminate frustration during the conversation and
communication phase.
Another recommendation could be the implementation of an Oktoberfest specific
mobile translation application.

______________________________________

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6. REFERENCES
Journal Articles

Bing Pan, TzungCheng Huan, ( 2013) New perspectives on festival and events research,
International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research, Volume: 7 Issue: 2,
Emerald Insight
Michelle Mosely, Rasul Mowatt (2011). Reconceptualizing and repositioning festival
exhibitors within tourism research , International Journal of Event and Festival Management,
Volume: 2 Issue: 3 Emerald Insight
Getz, D., & Frisby, W. (1988). Evaluating management effectiveness in community-run
festivals. JournaTravel Research, 27 (1), 22-27.
Hede, A., L. Jago, & M. Deery (2003). An agenda for special event research: Lessons from
the past and directions for the future. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 10
(supplement), 1-14.
Andersson, T., & Getz, D. (2007). Resource dependency, costs and revenues of a street
festival. Tourism Economics, 13(1), 143162.

Texts

Quinn, Bernadette: Festivals, events and tourism. Festivals, events and tourism, in Jamal, T.
and Robinson, M. (eds) The SAGE Handbook of Tourism Studies, London, Sage, pp.483503.
Jackson, N. (2013) Promoting and Marketing of Events. Routledge, Oxon
Getz, D. (2005). Event Management and Event Tourism.2nd Edition. New York: Cognizant
Communication Corporation
Getz, D. (2008) Event Studies: theory, research and policy for planned events, Oxford:
Butterworth- Heinemann
Karla Scott. (June 5, 2015) "Economic Viability of Heritage Festivals". Tourism Travel and
Research Association: Advancing Tourism Research Globally. Paper 11.
http://scholarworks.umass.edu/ttra/ttra2015/Student_Colloquium/11
C. Michael Hall. (2004). Food Tourism Around The World (New Canadian Library). 1 Edition.
Routledge.

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Online

Policing the Oktoberfest | Hendon Publishing . 2017. Policing the Oktoberfest | Hendon
Publishing . [ONLINE] Available at:
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bsharplyme. 2017. Aims and Objectives | bsharplyme. [ONLINE] Available at:
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Oktoberfest - History of Oktoberfest - Oktoberfest Music, Beer, Food, & Events. 2017.
Oktoberfest - History of Oktoberfest - Oktoberfest Music, Beer, Food, & Events. [ONLINE]
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In September. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.ibtimes.com/oktoberfest-2014-whygerman-celebration-starts-september-1692426.
Event Checklist. 2017. Event Planners Event Management Planning Checklist. [ONLINE]
Available at: http://www.eventchecklist.net/event-planning-checklist/.
SPIEGEL ONLINE, Hamburg, Germany. 2017. Munich Oktoberfest Ends: More Beer, More
Oxen, More Fights - SPIEGEL ONLINE. [ONLINE] Available at:
http://www.spiegel.de/international/munich-oktoberfest-ends-more-beer-more-oxen-morefights-a-440647.html.
Matador Network. 2017. 5 things that suck about Munich's Oktoberfest - Matador Network.
[ONLINE] Available at: https://matadornetwork.com/nights/5-things-that-suck-about-munichsoktoberfest/.
The Independent. 2017. Oktoberfest hangover invasion of rowdy tourist drinkers spoils
beer festival for the locals | The Independent. [ONLINE] Available at:
http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/oktoberfest-hangover-invasion-of-rowdytourist-drinkers-spoils-beer-festival-for-the-locals-8849272.html.
Oktoberfest in Munich | mnchen.tv. 2017. Oktoberfest in Munich | mnchen.tv. [ONLINE]
Available at: https://www.muenchen.tv/wiesn/oktoberfest-in-munich/.
Oxford College of Marketing Blog. 2017. Micro and Macro Environment Factors | Oxford
College of Marketing Blog. [ONLINE] Available at:
http://blog.oxfordcollegeofmarketing.com/2014/11/04/the-impact-of-micro-and-macroenvironment-factors-on-marketing/

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Images

Cover Logo

Oktoberfest | The Colonnade Club | University of Virginia. 2017. Oktoberfest | The

Colonnade Club | University of Virginia. [ONLINE] Available at:
http://www.colonnadeclubuva.com/event/oktoberfest/.

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7. APPENDIX

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