POLITEKNIK SULTAN IDRIS SHAH

Architecture Unit, Department of Civil Engineering

C 2329

History of
Modern
Architecture
Lecture 01:
Historicism
Industrial revolution
Art + craft movement
Art nouveau movement
Chicago school

www.shahrilkhairi.com

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POLITEKNIK SULTAN IDRIS SHAH

Architecture Unit, Department of Civil Engineering

C 2329 History of Modern Architecture

The Palace of Westminster,

London, 1836 to 1868
Gov. Centre, English Gothic Revival
Sir Charles Barry, Augustus Pugin

Westminster New Palace, the

Houses of Parliament for England
and all the United Kingdom,
including the famous clock Big Ben.
Design of gothic details assisted by
A. W. N. Pugin. Use cut stone
bearing masonry.

HISTORICISM

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POLITEKNIK SULTAN IDRIS SHAH

Architecture Unit, Department of Civil Engineering

C 2329 History of Modern Architecture

United States Capitol,

Washington 1793 to 1830
Gov. Centre, Neo Classic
Thornton-Latrobe-Bulfinch

Location

Washington,
D.C.

stone bearing
Construction
masonry, cast
System
iron dome
Context urban
Notes Dome by
Thomas Ustick
Walter, 1851 to
1863

HISTORICISM

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POLITEKNIK SULTAN IDRIS SHAH

Architecture Unit, Department of Civil Engineering

C 2329 History of Modern Architecture

Crystal Palace,London
1851, moved 1852, burnt
1936
Exposition Hall, Victorian Style
Joseph Paxton

The development of modern

architecture was driven not only
by new aesthetic principles.
The easy availability of materials
such as concrete, iron, steel and
glass freed architecture from the
restrictions of building in stone,
wood and masonry
The new sense of space aimed
at meeting the needs of life in
the 20th century.
Modular construction system prefabricated iron sections. Floor
area of 770,000 sq ft.,1851 ft
long, 450 ft wide.

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

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POLITEKNIK SULTAN IDRIS SHAH

Architecture Unit, Department of Civil Engineering

C 2329 History of Modern Architecture

Eiffel Tower
1887 - 1889
Exposition Observation Tower, Victorian Structural
Expressionist
Gustave Eiffel

A symbol of Paris worldwide. 985'

high rugged tracery of iron work.
Commission from competition
victory.

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

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POLITEKNIK SULTAN IDRIS SHAH

Architecture Unit, Department of Civil Engineering

C 2329 History of Modern Architecture

William Morris
(London, England 1834 1896)
William Morris was an artist,
designer, printer, typographer,
bookbinder, craftsman, poet,
writer and champion of socialist
ideals. He believes that nature
was the perfect example of
God's creation.

FOUNDER OF ARTS AND CRAFTS MOVEMENT

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POLITEKNIK SULTAN IDRIS SHAH

Architecture Unit, Department of Civil Engineering

C 2329 History of Modern Architecture

The Arts and Crafts Movement was a reaction

against the poor quality of design during the
Industrial Revolution.
The members of the Arts and Crafts Movement
believed that the growth of industry had
destroyed traditional skills and had removed
the pride that a craftsman could find in his
work.
The members of the Arts and Crafts Movement
formed themselves into crafts guilds, based on
the medieval examples, in order to encourage
high standards of design and provide a
supportive working environment.

THE ARTS AND CRAFTS MOVEMENT

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POLITEKNIK SULTAN IDRIS SHAH

Architecture Unit, Department of Civil Engineering

C 2329 History of Modern Architecture

Arts and Crafts, or Craftsman, houses have

many of these features:
Wood, stone, or stucco siding
Low-pitched roof
Wide eaves with triangular brackets
Exposed roof rafters
Porch with thick square or round columns
Stone porch supports
Exterior chimney made with stone
Open floor plans; few hallways
Numerous windows
Some windows with stained or leaded glass
Beamed ceilings
Dark wood wainscoting and mouldings
Built-in cabinets, shelves, and seating

THE ARTS AND CRAFTS MOVEMENT

The red house

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POLITEKNIK SULTAN IDRIS SHAH

Architecture Unit, Department of Civil Engineering

C 2329 History of Modern Architecture

Victor Horta

Henry Van De Velde

Antonio Gaudi

(Belgian architect, 1861 1947)

(Belgian architect, 1863 1957)

(Spanish architect,1852 1926)

Borrowing from his own Flemish

background and the English
Arts & Crafts movement, Van
de Velde developed a highly
detailed, style. Using concrete
as an expressive element, he
created ornamental designs
and ornate interiors which
directly influenced the Art
Nouveau movement.

Gaudi developed a sensuous,

curving, almost surreal design
style which established him as
the innovative leader of the
Spanish Art Nouveau movement.
With little regard for formal order,
he juxtaposed unrelated systems
and altered established visual
order. Gaudi's characteristically
warped form of Gothic
architecture drew admiration
from other avant-garde artists.

Victor Horta created buildings

which rejected historical styles
and marked the beginning of
modern architecture. He
conceived modern architecture
as an abstract principle derived
from relations to the environment,
rather than on the imitation of
forms. Organic forms established
by Horta do not meet standard
ideas of modern architecture, but
Horta generated references ideas
of many modernist.

THE ART NOUVEAU MOVEMENT

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POLITEKNIK SULTAN IDRIS SHAH

Architecture Unit, Department of Civil Engineering

Victor Horta

C 2329 History of Modern Architecture

Henry Van De Velde

Museum Horta

Antonio Gaudi
Casa Batllo
Sagrada Familia

TASSEL HOUSE

BLOEMENWERF HOUSE
Van de Velde gave everything in
Also "Hotel Tassel". Elegant urban
the house, from the door
house with facade defined
furnishings to the wallpaper, the
around centered, stacked oriel
same patterns of embellishments
bay windows and balcony.
and flowing linear shapes

THE ART NOUVEAU MOVEMENT

CASA MILA
Expressionistic, fantastic, organic
forms in undulating facade and
roof line. light court.
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POLITEKNIK SULTAN IDRIS SHAH

Architecture Unit, Department of Civil Engineering

C 2329 History of Modern Architecture

Characteristics of Art Nouveau

Art Nouveau means for new styles in French

styles developed in response to industrial revolution

and art and craft movement.
Well known in French, Belgium and Germany.
Nama panggilan mengikut negara

England
USA
German
Italy
Spain

Modern Style
Tiffany Style
Jugendstil
Stile Liberty
Modernisme

Bahan-bahan yang selalu digunakan.

- Iron
- Stained glasses
-The Curing Door Handles (Pemegang pintu yang
lentik)
- The Vegetal Curve Dynamic beauty of the banister
(Susur tangan yang melengkung dan bercorak
tumbuh-tumbuhan)
- The Slender Iron Pillars (tiang besi yang ramping)
- The coiling patterns of the mosaic floors.

THE ART NOUVEAU MOVEMENT

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POLITEKNIK SULTAN IDRIS SHAH

Architecture Unit, Department of Civil Engineering

C 2329 History of Modern Architecture

Louis Henry Sullivan

(Boston, 1856 1924)
Sullivan's designs generally involved a simple
geometric form decorated with ornamentation
based on organic symbolism. As an organizer
and formal theorist on aesthetics, he
propounded an architecture that exhibited the
spirit of the time and needs of the people.
Considered one of the most influential forces in
the Chicago School, his philosophy that form
should always follow function went beyond
functional and structural expressions.
He influenced by Hobson Richardson, whom
Sullivan was a great admirer.
"Schlesinger-Mayer Store", "Carson, Pirie and
Scott Store", Chicago.

Form Follows
Function!
FATHER OF MODERN ARCHITECTURE

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