Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
BOTTOM LINE
BOOST
Biochars Value as
Bioenergy Coproduct
Page 8
PLUS:
Pellet Plants
Probe New Markets
Page 14
AND:
Digestate a
Biogas Bonus
Page 24
www.biomassmagazine.com
03 EDITORS NOTE
A Shot in the Arm
By Tim Portz
05 BUSINESS BRIEFS
26 MARKETPLACE
POWER
06 NEWS
07 COLUMN
The United Kingdoms New Path
By Frank Aaskov
08 FEATURE
Bioenergy Byproduct to Soil Savior
A small but growing biochar market is putting more dollars in the pockets of
bioenergy producers.
By Anna Simet
PELLETS
12 COLUMN
Upcoming Biomass Politics
By Bill Bell
13 COLUMN
CHP from Biomass: the Next Generation
14
14 FEATURE
Cooking Up Higher Margins
In the wake of a soft market, fuel pellet producers are increasingly
looking into barbecue and absorbent markets.
By Tim Portz
THERMAL
18 FEATURE
The Ins and Outs of Heat Exchangers
Heat exchangers are essential to biomass plant operational
eciency and effectiveness.
By Ron Kotrba
18
BIOGAS
22 NEWS
23 COLUMN
RNG in California: Leadership, Market Certainty
By Marcus Gillette
24 DEPARTMENT
Green Garbage to Black Gold
Creating value-added end products from digestate can provide
additional revenue to a biogas plant.
By Katie Fletcher
ON THE COVER:
EDITORS NOTE
TIM PORTZ
tportz@bbiinternational.com
INDUSTRY EVENTS
EDITORIAL
PRESIDENT & EDITOR IN CHIEF Tom Bryan tbryan@bbiinternational.com
VICE PRESIDENT OF CONTENT & EXECUTIVE EDITOR Tim Portz tportz@bbiinternational.com
MANAGING EDITOR Anna Simet asimet@bbiinternational.com
SENIOR EDITOR Ron Kotrba rkotrba@bbiinternational.com
Fontainebleau Hotel
Miami Beach, Florida
Hear from experts and innovators in the field during two days of panel sessions and presentations on finance, market outlook, policy developments,
and more, Network with over 400 industry leaders and professionals and explore the exhibit hall with representatives from throughout the supply chain.
(804) 775-5894 | www.theusipa.org/conference
ART
ART DIRECTOR Jaci Satterlund jsatterlund@bbiinternational.com
GRAPHIC DESIGNER Raquel Boushee rboushee@bbiinternational.com
ADVERTISER INDEX
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TM
Business
Briefs
USDA
names
researcher to hall
of fame
T h e
U S D A
recently
Kurtzman
named Cletus P. Kurtzman to the Agricultural Research Service Science Hall of
Fame. Kurtzman, a research microbiologist at the ARS Mycotoxin
Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research Unit in Peoria,
Illinois, helped pioneer molecular
techniques to identify yeast microorganisms. These discoveries enable scientists to accurately predict
the biological properties of yeasts.
This knowledge led to innovations
in converting crop biomass into
fuel, in producing biodegradable
ingredients for detergents, and in
food safety, crop production, and
human and animal health advancements.
Solegear awarded patent
Solegear Bioplastic Technologies Inc. has been granted US Patent 9,416,255, titled Compositions Comprising Polylactic Acid,
Bentonite, and Gum Arabic. The
patent broadly covers the synthesis
of biobased additives along with
polylactic acid to deliver a number
of key performance characteristics
required for rigid packaging and
durable goods applications.
Snow Timber Pellets
qualified into PFI
Standards Program
The Pellet Fuels Institute recently announced the qualification
of Snow Timber Pellets of Hurley,
Wisconsin, into the PFI Standards
Program. The PFI Standards Pro-
PowerNews
New California law
benefits biomass power
On Sept. 14, California Gov. Edmund
G. Brown Jr. signed a bill, SB 859, that will
support biomass plants within the state by
calling on electricity retailers to enter into
five-year contracts for 125 MW of biomass
capacity with facilities that generate energy
from wood harvested from certain high-firehazard zones.
The bill is part of a package of legislation signed by Brown that directs $900 million in cap-and-trade funds to greenhouse
gas reducing programs that benefit disadvantaged communities, support clean transportation and protect natural ecosystems.
We commend Gov. Jerry Brown for
signing Senate Bill 859, said Julee Malinowski-Ball. The governor understands the importance of the biomass industry as it pertains to the states renewable energy portfolio
standard and the eradication of dead and dying trees from high-hazard fire zones.
This law will provide some certainty
to the biomass industry, which has struggled
due to antiquated contracts, Malinowski-Ball
continued, noting it will also protect hundreds
of jobs, reduce greenhouse gas emissions and
promote long-term forest management goals.
Advanced bioenergy
plant opens in
New York
Lockheed Martin held a ribbon-cutting
ceremony on Sept. 21, to celebrate the opening of its bioenergy facility in Owego, New
York. The facility utilizes Concord Blues
advanced gasification technology to convert
waste into renewable energy.
Prior to the ribbon cutting, Lockheed
Martin successfully demonstrated the endto-end capability of the new system. The
demonstration validated its ability to convert
waste material into energy for the companys
Owego operations, where it designs and
builds space-flight hardware, military helicopters and fixed-wing aircraft.
The plant will initially take in wood
waste as feedstock, with plans to transition to municipal, commercial or industrial
waste in the future. Following collection,
metal, glass and other materials are removed
from the feedstock. The remaining material
is then dried to specification. To generate
the gas, proprietary heat carrier spheres are
heated and mixed with the organic waste.
Once a certain temperature is reached, the
solid turns to gas. That gas then travels to a
reforming vessel where it is turned into syn-
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months, we will start to understand the department's priorities and how they wish to deal with energy and decarbonization.
In the U.K., biomass has never had an easy time, with
strong opposition from NGOs, who have been campaigning vigorously against any bioenergy. There is still some
mistrust of the use of wood residues for the production of
energy, despite rigorous external scrutiny of greenhouse gas
savings and forest practices. There is still no support under
the Contract for Difference subsidy scheme for dedicated
biomass power, and a cap remains on biomass power under the Renewables Obligation subsidy scheme, but there is
support for biomass combined heat and power. We saw the
previous Conservative government propose lower support
for biomass heat and refocus away from smaller systems toward larger, industrial biomass heat plants, but the outcome
of the government's consultation will be published later this
year. The previous Conservative government questioned the
availability of sustainable biomass, which restricted policy
proposals, but as new ministers have entered the departments, we have been engaging with them to inform and help
them see the potential of biomass. Despite it still being a
Conservative government, we have a new prime minister
and almost the entire ministerial team has been replaced or
reshuffled. It is therefore an excellent opportunity to take a
more positive stance toward biomass energy generation.
Not since World War II has the U.K. seen such tumultuous political times, with changes to how we deal with our
neighboring countries, legislative procedures, trade relations,
and immigration, to name a few. But some things haven't
changed: The U.K. is still strongly committed to decarbonizing its energy system and economy. New ministers are seen
as green conservatives, and the newly created department
could bring decarbonization even further. As we work and
engage with the new ministers and political leadership, we
could potentially also see a change in attitude toward the great
potential of biomass energy, which could lower the cost of
decarbonization, bring flexible, baseload energy, and benefit
our undermanaged forests. The U.K. is on a new path.
Author: Frank Aaskov
Policy Analyst, Renewable Energy Association
faaskov@r-e-a.net
020-7925-3570
Bioenergy Byproduct to
S OIL SAVIOR
reg Stangl is a power guy. Selfproclaimed and readily apparent to others, that title has been
earned by the CEO of Phoenix
Energy after a decade-plus of developing and
building small-scale biomass electricity projects. While there may be hundreds of companies working in the smaller-scale bioenergy
project space, Stangl has something that most
of them dont: biochar. And, he knows how
to use it.
Perhaps more accurately, he knows its
worth. But thats not to say he always did. We
used to give our biochar away at two cents
per pound, when we built our first facility in
Europe, Stangl says. Our plans then were
8 BIOMASS MAGAZINE | NOVEMBER 2016
Production and sale of biochar at biomassusing plants can result in significant financial
gains, but the industry is still working at
building its myriad of potential markets.
BY ANNA SIMET
POWER
The banks dont know about biochar, they
dont want to hear about it, and there arent
forward contracts for it. We did sell our first
forward contract this year, but thats just one.
It doesnt suddenly make biochar financeable.
But how much biochar can a small-scale
plant actually produce? For Phoenix Energys
2-MW plants, its about 10 percent of the fuel
intake. Around 300 pounds per hour, per
megawatt, of softwood, Stangl says, adding
that theres roughly 44 yards of biochar in a
standard truckload. Weight varies by the feedstock useda truckload holds 22 supersacks
of biochar; when its made from hardwood it
weighs in around 900 pounds, and when made
from softwood, around 550 pounds. Weve
built a plant based on peach pitsthat stuff is
very heavy, a supersack weighs more like 1,300
pounds, its much denser, Stangl says.
While well aware of biochars capabilities and potentialevidenced or proven in
thousands of research papers, field trials and
real-world application by a growing market
Stangl admits he isnt an expert on biochar best
practices or application rates in the soil as a fertilizer, storm water remediate, odor controller,
carbon sequestration tool, and the list goes on.
But what he does know is that the farmers and
others who are repeat-purchasing in bulk continue to benefit from its amazing properties.
And, the word is spreading. For example,
someone has come back to us and said, My
neighbors trees died when there was a zero water allocation, but mine survived, because I put
biochar in when I planted them two years ago,
he says. Words like that get around, and then
suddenly its hard to keep up with demand,
which leads to a challenge. It doesnt pay to
make the stuff if you dont know its leaving
in a timely fashion. Pellet guys, for example,
might have two years worth of pellets in bags
out back. But with our small-sized plants, we
cant afford to sit on inventory.
And biochar may be just the right fit a
certain pellet plants, such as Confluence Energy in Kremmling, Colorado, which alongside several different wood pellet lines, manufacturers biochar, kitty litter, animal bedding,
absorbents and other products. If conditions
are right, offering up a byproduct like biochar
could benefit some mills that have struggled to
stay afloat during recent soft winters.
POWER
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Biomass to
Energy
USIPA
Booth 3
PELLET
Upcoming Biomass
Politics
BY BILL BELL
PELLET
PELLET
Cooking Up
HIGHER
MARGINS
erb Seeger, president of Great Lakes Renewable Energy Inc., recently went to an auction
at a distressed wood pellet facility. Recalling meeting the owner of the facility, Seeger says,
My mood isn't the same as his mood. For Seeger and his team at GLRE, business is
strong. In fact, Seeger is shipping wood pellets in containers to countries all over the world,
including Japan and Taiwan. On the heels of a soft market for heating pellets, Seegers business is
healthy, predominantly because hes aggressively targeting markets beyond home heating users. After a particularly warm winter in the upper Midwest in 2010, Seeger convinced his ownership group
to recast its facility as a diversified pellet producer, and began aggressively building expertise and
customers in the barbecue and absorbent markets. Without this change in operating philosophy,
Seeger doubts that GLRE would be operating today.
30%
45%
11%
63%
52%
44%
30%
15%
15%
4%
15%
How would you describe the profitability of these products
when compared the pellets you produce for thermal markets?
70.0%
60.0%
50.0%
40.0%
30.0%
20.0%
10.0%
0.0%
About the
same level
Slightly
more
Significantly
more
Slightly
less
Not
profitable
15%
56%
11%
19%
PELLET
A recent Biomass Magazine survey, partial results of which are shown on page 15,
suggests that while Seeger may be an early
adopter of the idea of market diversification,
he and GLRE are certainly not alone. Exactly
two-thirds of survey respondents reported
that they are engaged in the manufacture and
sale of wood fiber products for uses other
than home heating. While the majority of the
industry is engaged in the manufacture of
these coproducts, survey results indicate that
the success and importance of those efforts
vary from producer to producer. Seegers experience suggests that having success outside
of home heating markets requires new thinking in fiber procurement, production, marketing and distribution. For producers who get
it right, coproducts can improve cash flow,
increase profit margins and reduce the seasonality of the wood pellet business, all issues that
have plagued even the savviest of producers
for years.
What we learned when we had a warm
winter in 2010 was that you cant survive on
a product that has a six-month market unless
ket must overcome this same fiber procurement challenge if they hope to preserve the
promise of higher margins that led them to
that market in the first place. Survey responses
suggest that for most producers, significantly
higher margins continue to elude them. Of the
producers engaged in coproduct production,
just 10 percent describe those products as significantly more profitable than heating pellets.
That same percentage reported that margins
on those products are slightly less profitable
than their home heating product; 40 percent
reported the products were slightly more profitable, and 33 percent report about the same
level of profitability.
This isnt surprising to Seeger. Most producers arent comfortable filling orders of 1
to 2 tons, he says. Its too much overhead.
Most folks are not set up to do it. Weve spent
six years developing these systems and were
trying to stay ahead of everyone else. While
Seegers competitors may not be achieving the
financial success that he and his team have, the
survey clearly indicates that producers recognize the potential offered by coproducts to
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THERMAL
THERMAL
VERSATILE UTILITY: Kelvion, formerly GEA Heat Exchangers Group, manufactures welded plate heat exchangers that can be used as small
vacuum condensers or traditional fin/fan technology to serve as air-cooled condensers.
SOURCE: KELVION
ficiency. This was sized to capture the available Btu that were being wasted, Cook says.
Were capturing those and putting them back
into glycol and useful sales.
Crozier says plate heat exchangers can
have a heat transfer coefficient up to four
times greater than shell and tube. This, along
with its construction, means the footprint
can be just 20 percent needed for a shell and
tube. The size advantage is achieved through
embossing plates with carefully designed patterns, many of which are patented, Crozier
says. This embossing creates channels for the
fluids to ensure maximum turbulence. This
results in maximum efficiency in transferring heat from one medium to the other. In
addition, many of our designs are fully counter current, which allow temperature crosses
where the outlet temperature of the hot side
can be cooler than the outlet temperature of
the cold sidevery difficult to do with other
types of heat exchangers.
NOVEMBER 2016 | BIOMASS MAGAZINE 19
THERMAL
316.264.4604
tramcoinc.com
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BiogasNews
California law encourages renewable gas production
On Sept. 19, California. Gov. Edmund
G. Brown Jr. signed legislation that establishes the nations toughest restrictions on
destructive super pollutants, including black
carbon, fluorinated gases and methane.
The bill, SB 1383, reduces the emissions
of super pollutants, known as short-lived
climate pollutants, and promotes renewable
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BIOGAS
RNG in California:
Leadership, Market Certainty
BY MARCUS GILLETTE
BIOGAS
DEPARTMENT
BYPRODUCT UPGRADE: The University of Wisconsin Oshkosh composts its urban anaerobic dry digester (BD1) digestate material, produced from
one of the university's three digesters, and sells it as a soil amendment under the brand Titan Gold.
PHOTO: AMERICAN BIOGAS COUNCIL
R&R Environmental Services massive Perris, California, anaerobic digestion (AD) project is being built
out in four phases, each processing
about 83,000 tons of mixed green and food
waste annually into 1 million diesel gallon
equivalents of renewable natural gas (RNG).
While this project was built to upgrade biogas
to RNG, it also recognizes the value associated with each phases inherent production of
some 35,000 tons per year of a compostlike soil
product and 10 million gallons of liquid soil
amendment. We see the success of anaerobic
digestion of organic wastes directly tied to the
ability to generate usable soil products on the
back end, says Clarke Pauley, vice president of
the organics and biogas division with CR&R.
These soil products are derived from digestatethe nutrient-rich, solid fibrous material fraction and liquid portion left over from the
AD process. Digestate is no longer the same as
BIOGAS
barriers. Headed by the American Biogas Council, the biogas industry recognized the need to
fill gaps in the marketability of digestate and
digestate-derived products, and with extensive
outreach to industry entities, including the EPA,
created the ABC Digestate Standard Testing and
Certification Program.
This voluntary, industry-led program sets
forth testing methods and a quality management system for characterizing digestate-derived
products, which will provide some standardization and product quality targets that operators
can subscribe to. As an environmental lawyer
helping draft the standards, Amy Kessler, cofounder of Turning Earth LLC, sees it as an
unprecedented opportunity for an industry to
get together and say this is a reasonable amount
of regulation and oversight.
Numerous meetings, conference calls and
workshops were held over the two-year period
during which a coproducts working group developed the bulk of the program. When developing the program, Kessler says, one model
theyve looked to is the U.S. Composting Councils. Theyve recognized that in order for compost to become a household name and a recognized mainstream commodity, there needed to
be some standards around itsome accountability and understanding of whats in it, what
makes a good compost and how you might use
it, she says. Kesslers interest stems from her
company Turning Earth, an organics recycling
company that is developing a facility in Connecticut to produce biogas as well as compost
for a variety of soil products. Compost is very
familiar for folks, and we want to achieve that
for digestate as well, she says.
This program also builds upon digestate
standards programs in other countrieslike
the U.K.s digestate quality protocoland integrates relevant portions of existing U.S. EPA
regulationslike Part 503, 40CFR biosolids rule
under the Clean Water Act. Right now, if you
produce digestate from biosolids, you dont need
our program necessarily because EPA Part 503
tells you exactly what should and should not be
in your digestate, Serfass says. This program is
to fill the gap of the nonbiosolids digestate, because there is nothing out there to help improve
customer assurance for buying digestate that
doesnt have biosolids in it, he adds. For digestate subject to specific regulations per EPA Part
503, like digestate derived from waste activated
sludge and other sewage products, the producers must still comply with those regulations, but
can also participate in ABCs program to bring
additional value to their digestate. The objective is to create an inclusive program that any
digestate producer can participate in, Serfass
says. This program is not replacing Part 503 or
any other applicable local, state or federal regula-
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