Stress Management Professional An International Journal

Vol.2, No.2, JULY - DECEMBER 2014

11

Comparative efficacy of stress inoculation training and Mindfulness based stress reduction
program on Psychological distress factors and type-A-behavior pattern in CHD patients
Dharmender Kumar Nehra*, Nov Rattan Sharma**, Sheetal Nehra***
Background :

Introduction :

Coronary Heart Diseases (CHD) are a major cause of

Coronary heart diseases (CHD) are a major public

death all over the world. It is alarming that number of

health concern and is one of the main causes of death

patients with CHD is increasing in India. A series of

worldwide (Mackay & Mensah, 2004).It is rapidly

psychological risk factors have been identified, that

becoming the largest killer in developing countries; it

may increase risk of CHD, such as stress, anxiety,

is forecasted that by 2020, cardiovascular disease

depression, and type A behavior pattern. Present

would be the most common cause of death globally

study is aimed to compare the efficacy of Stress

(Yusuf, Reddy, Ounpuu, Anand, 2001). It is not widely

Inoculation Training (SIT ), a kind of Cognitive

realized that at present our country facing a great

Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Mindfulness-Based

burden of CHD and nothing less than an eruption is

Stress Reduction (MBSR) program in reducing

projected over the coming years. Moreover, rising

psychological risk fac tors in C H D patients.

incidence in younger age group makes the condition

Methodology : Sample consisted of 100 participants,

even more alarming. From several studies around the

out of which 75 were patients with a diagnosis of CHD

world, more than 200 risk factors (Hopkins & Williams,

and remaining 25 were non-CHD (normal) subjects.

1981) and a large number of related genes (Tang &

Using the random table numbers, CHD patients were

Tracy, 2001) have been recognized, and new factors

randomly assigned to three groups---MBSR, SIT/CBT,

are periodically added to the list as the

and Treatment

As-Usual ( TAU), each group

comprehension of the disease process grows. Some

comprising of 25 patients. Tools used including Socio-

major risk factors for CHD have been very well

Demographic Data Sheet, Perceived Stress Scale

established, such as systemic arterial hypertension,

(PSS), Hospital Anxiety & Depression Scale (HADS),

smoking, dyslipidemias, obesity, sedentary lifestyle,

and Jenkins Activity Survey (JAS). The therapeutic

diabetes mellitus, and familial antecedents and

package consisted of individual-based CBT/SIT or

heritability of CHD (Mayer, Erdmann, &Schunkert,

individual-based MBSR Program.The statistical

2007). Many physiological, environmental, and

analysis required for mean comparisons of pre and

behavioral variables interact in the development of

post groups were carried out. Results: Findings

these disorders. CHD can be considered a lifestyle

indicate that both psychological interventions have

related disease (Ocallahan, Amy, Andrews, Krantz,

positive effect in reducing stress, anxiety, depression,

2003); several of the risk factors which are related to

and Type-A-Behavior pattern in CHD patients.

habits of living, and are under the control of the

Conclusion : These findings support the idea that

individualcan be modified. The increase risk

patients with CHD, who have devolved or are more

contributed by psychological factors is also of similar

inclined toward developing psychological risk factor

order to the more conventional CHD risk factors such

scan, be helped with psychological interventions.

as smoking, dyslipidaemia, and hypertension (Bunker,

Keywords : Coronary Heart Diseases; Stress ; Anxiety;

Colquhoun, Esler et al., 2003). India, like many

Depression; Cognitive Behavior Therapy; Mindfulness

Based Stress Reduction.