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SEPTEMBER 1998

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SEPTEMBER 1998

Published and distributed by the British Precast Concrete Federation

on behalf of the Architectural Cladding Association
60 Charles Street Leicester, LE1 1FB

This edition published 1998

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

ISBN: 0 9500347 6 2

No part of this publication may be reproduced in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form
or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise without prior written
permission from the Secretary, Architectural Cladding Association
60 Charles Street, Leicester LE1 1FB

Every effort has been made to ensure that the statements made and advice given provide a safe
and accurate guide; however, no liability or responsibility of any kind (including liability for
negligence) can be accepted in this respect by the publishers or the authors.

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SEPTEMBER 1998
CODE OF PRACTICE DRAFTING COMMITTEE
P. A. King

(Chairman)

Trent Concrete Cladding Ltd

C. J. Budge

(Secretary)

British Precast Concrete Federation Ltd

M. Padkin

Grayston White & Sparrow

P. F. Thomas

Health & Safety Executive

P. Dorkings

Histon Concrete Products Ltd

D. Vittle

The Marble Mosaic Co. Ltd

B. Ayres

Quadro Services Ltd

C. Wright

Quadro Services Ltd

D. Reid

Trent Concrete Cladding Ltd

D. Gray

Trent Concrete Cladding Ltd

C. Clark

Tarmac Precast Concrete Ltd

P Cope

Tarmac Precast Concrete Ltd

G. Stark

Techrete Ltd

Architectural Cladding Association

60 Charles Street
Leicester LE1 1FB
Tel: 0116 253 6161
Fax: 0116 251 4568
Email: briprecast@aol.com

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FOREWORD

In todays working environment it is unacceptable to sacrifice safety for productivity. A small

investment in time and money to create safer working will ultimately ensure a more effective
and efficient industry.

Safety is a state of mind and it is the responsibility of all parties concerned with a construction
project to encourage a positive attitude and contribute to the overall success of that project.

This Code of Practice sets forth the guidelines which should be observed in order to carry out
the safe and efficient erection of precast cladding and is aimed at the building designer and
contractor in addition to the precast designer and erector.

The Code will form a base manual for the training and updating of personnel involved in the
planning, management and execution of the erection of precast cladding.

This review of the Code incorporates the numerous revisions and additions introduced by
changes in legislation and working practice since the drafting of the original document in 1992
and maintains a practical approach to site safety.

Whilst the Code has been prepared by the experienced members of the committee invaluable
assistance has been received from the Health and Safety Executive and the Precast Flooring
Federation.

P A King
Chairman
July 1998

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SEPTEMBER 1998
CONTENTS

DEFINITIONS

Page No.
11

REFERENCES

13

SECTION 1:

MANAGEMENT OF HEALTH & SAFETY

1.1.
1.1.1.

The Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations

1992 and Approved Code of Practice.
General Procedure for Risk Assessment

SECTION 2:

DESIGN STAGE CONSIDERATIONS (CDM)

2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6

The Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 1994

Safe Handling, Lifting and Erection of Components
Stability of Cladding
Stability of Supporting Structure
Fittings and Fixings
Tolerances

SECTION 3:

SAFE WORKING METHOD STATEMENT

3.1
3.2
3.3.
3.4

Introduction
Content of Safe Working Method Statements
Communication of the Safe Working Method Statement
Additions to the Safe Working Method Statement

SECTION 4:

GENERAL CONTRACTORS RESPONSIBILITIES

4.1
4.2
4.3

Attendances
Protection of the Cladding
Contractor Installed Fixings

SECTION 5:

COMPANY REPRESENTATIVES ROLE

5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5

Agreed Sequence of Erection

Method of Lifting
Site Access
Attendances Liaison
Supervision of Erection

15
15

19
19
20
20
20
20

21
21
22
23

25
25
25

27
27
28
28
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SECTION 6:

FOREMANS ROLE

6.1
6.2
6.3

Working to Sequence (See also Clause 5.1)

Checking of Attendances (See also Clause 5.4)
Supervision of Erection

SECTION 7:

TRAINING AND CERTIFICATION

7.1
7.2

Training
Certification

SECTION 8:

PROTECTION AND WELFARE OF OPERATIVES

8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4
8.5

Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1992

Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH)
Noise at Work
Personal Protective Equipment at work
The Construction (Health Safety and Welfare) Regulations 1996

SECTION 9:

SAFE USE OF CRANES, FORK LIFTS AND OTHER

LIFTING EQUIPMENT

9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
9.7

Planning the Lifting Operation

Access and Working Areas
Selection of Suitable Crane(s) and Equipment
Documentation, Certificates, Records and Registers
Slinger and Signaller/Banksman
Management of the Lifting Operation
Control of the Lifting Operation

SECTION 10:

TRANSPORTATION OF COMPONENTS

10.1
10.2
10.3
10.4

The Stacking and Making Secure of Loads

Loading Sequence
Site Access
Unloading

SECTION 11:

ON-SITE STORAGE OF COMPONENTS

11.1
11.2

Storage at Ground Level

Storage above Ground Level

31
31
31

33
33

35
35
36
37
38

39
39
40
47
47
48
50

51
51
51
52

55
56

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SECTION 12:

ACCESS

12.1
12.2
12.3
12.4.

General
Scaffolding
Edge Protection
Work at Roof Level

SECTION 13:

MOVEMENT OF UNITS BY OTHER MEANS

13.1
13.2
13.3
13.4
13.5
13.6

Barring
Jacking
Chain Block, Tirfors etc.
Tilting Tables and Pitching Frames
Bogies
Manual Handling

SECTION 14:

ADDITIONAL ON SITE WORKS

14.1
14.2
14.3
14.4
14.5
14.6
14.7
14.8
14.9

Temporary Propping
Insitu Concrete
Dry Packing and Grouting
Jointing
Insulation and Fire-stops
Final Finishing and Clean Down
Drilling and Cutting
Welding and Cutting of Steel
Cartridge Operated Tools

SECTION 15:

PROTECTION OF THIRD PARTIES

15.1
15.2

Other Trades or Persons on Site

Members of the Public

57
61
62
63

STANDARD HEALTH SAFETY AND WELFARE ATTENDANCES

67
67
68
68
69
69

73
73
74
74
74
75
75
76
77

79
79
81

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DEFINITIONS

Most of the terms used in this document are in common use. However, the following definitions
are intended to remove any ambiguity:
AS BUILT DRAWING: The layout drawings confirming as built positions of precast
cladding and/or component positions, issued at the completion of the contract.
APPOINTED PERSON: A competent and certificated person appointed to supervise
prescribed lifting operations, to ensure compliance with relevant legislation.
ATTENDANCE: The standard ACA Health, Safety & Welfare Attendances, a copy of which
is included as an Appendix to this Code.
BUILDING DESIGNER: The person or persons appointed to design the building or structure
upon which the cladding is installed.
CERTIFICATED: Having been trained and qualified to fulfil a particular role. Holding a
valid licence/certificate of training gained by attending a recognised course of instruction for
the task in question.
CLADDING: The precast concrete units forming part of the architectural envelope and taking
support from the frame of a building or structure.
COMPANY: The precast concrete company engaged in the design, manufacture and erection
of the Cladding.
COMPANY REPRESENTATIVE: A visiting Supervisor/Contracts Manager in the Erection
Companys employ who shall be competent to assess all health, safety and welfare
arrangements in relation to company operations.
COMPONENTS: Any member, article, or item which is essential to the erection of the
cladding whether such item is of precast concrete or not.
CONTRACTOR:

The Contractor shall mean the precast concrete companys client.

CONTRACTORS SITE REPRESENTATIVE: The person in charge of the day to day

running of a particular site or project, i.e. Site Manager, Site Agent, General Foreman,
Project/Contracts Manager.
CRANE OPERATOR: A competent and trained person responsible for the correct operation
of the crane in accordance with the Manufacturers Operating Instructions, the Safe Working
Method Statement and directions from the nominated Slinger/Signaller.
DESIGNER: The person or persons in the Companys employ who actually produces
specifications, estimates, drawings, details, designs or calculations for a particular contract or
a particular type of company product. (This is not the Building Designer).

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ERECTOR: A competent and trained person able to carry out all functions of Slinger and
Signaller, as well as to hoist, place and secure precast concrete sections, including all
plumbing, levelling and lining up, with the ability and training to work safely at heights.
FOREMAN: A competent and trained person responsible for the precast erection team.
JOINTING: Generally a flexible gun-applied or preformed material acting as a seal to the
Cladding joints.
SIGNALLER (BANKSMAN): A competent and trained person responsible for directing the
safe movement of a load attached to a crane, and for the movement of the crane on site.
SLINGER: A competent and trained person responsible for the proper selection of lifting
tackle, the slinging of loads to the crane attachment and who can also direct the safe movement
of the crane, taking into account the capabilities of the crane with which he is working.
SUB CONTRACTOR: A specialist appointed by the Company or the Contractor to undertake
work on their behalf.
SUPPORTING STRUCTURE: The background structure from which the cladding is to be
permanently supported and restrained, normally being constructed from steelwork, insitu or
precast concrete, or masonry.
WORK AREA: The area on a site or building where precast cladding units/components are
being erected. This includes the area covered by the radius of a crane from lifting off a lorry
(or stack) to the final position.
WORKING DRAWINGS: The layout drawings, section and details, produced by the
Designer approved by the client and issued for production and erection purposes.

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REFERENCES
Factories Act.
Health & Safety at Work etc. Act

1961
1974

The Management of Health & Safety at Work Regulations

1992

The Construction (Lifting Operations) Regulations

The Abrasive Wheel Regulations
The Highly Flammable Liquids and Liquefied Petroleum Gases Regulations
The Woodworking Machines Regulations
The Health & Safety (First Aid) Regulations
The Noise at Work Regulations
The Electricity at Work Regulations
The Construction (Head Protection) Regulations
The Lifting Plant & Equipment (Records of test examinations etc.) Regulations
The Personal Protective Equipment at Work Regulations
The Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations
The Manual Handling Operations Regulations
The Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations
The Construction (Design & Management) Regulations
The Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations
The Construction (Health, Safety & Welfare) Regulations
The Health & Safety Signs and Signals Regulations

1961
1970
1972
1974
1981
1989
1989
1989
1992
1992
1992
1994
1994
1994
1995
1996
1996

The following Health and Safety Executive Guidance Notes are also relevant:
GS 6 (Rev 1997)Avoidance of Danger from Overhead Electrical Lines
GS 28/2

Safe erection of structures

Safe erection of structures

Part 1} Site Management

Part 2} and Procedures

GS 28/3

Safe erection of structures

Safe erection of structures

Part 3} Working places and access

Part 4}

HS (G) 141
HS (G) 150

Electrical Safety on Construction Sites

Health and Safety in Construction

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Guidance notes are issued on a continuing basis and users of this Code of Practice should
acquaint themselves with the latest updates and revisions.
BS 1129
BS 1139
BS 2037
BS 2482
BS 2830
BS 4592
BS 5323
BS 5628
BS 5950
BS 5973
BS 5974
BS 5975
BS 6180
BS 7121
BS 7212
BS 8110
BS 8297
BSEN 354
BSEN 355
BSEN 358
BSEN 361
BSEN362
BSEN 363
BSEN 364
BSEN365
BSEN 795

Specification for Portable Timber Ladders, Steps, Trestles and Lightweight

Stagings
Metal Scaffolding
Specification for Portable Aluminium Ladders, Steps, Trestles and Lightweight
Stagings
Specification for Timber Scaffold Boards
Specification for Suspended Access Equipment for use in the Building,
Engineering Construction, Steeplejack and Cleaning Industries
Industrial Type Flooring, Walkways and Stair Treads
Code of Practice for Scissor Lifts
Code of Practice for Use of Masonry
Structural Use of Steelwork in Building
Code of Practice for Access and Working Scaffolds
Code of Practice for Temporarily Installed Suspended Scaffolds and
Access Equipment
Code of Practice for Falsework
Code of Practice for Barriers in and about Buildings
Code of Practice for Safe Use of Cranes
Code of Practice for Safe Use of Construction Hoists
Structural Use of Concrete
Part 1: 1997 : Code of Practice for design and construction
Code of Practice for the Design and Installation of non-loadbearing
precast concrete cladding.
Personal Protective Equipment Against Falls from a Height. Lanyards
Personal Protective Equipment Against Falls from a Height. Energy
Absorbers
Personal Equipment for Work Positioning and Prevention of Falls from a
Height. Work Positioning Systems
Personal Protective Equipment Against Falls from a Height. Full Body
Harnesses
Personal Protective Equipment Against Falls from a Height. Connectors.
Personal Protective Equipment Against Falls from a Height. Fall Arrest
Systems
Personal Protective Equipment Against Falls from a Height. Test
Methods
Personal Protective Equipment Against Falls from a Height. General
Requirements for Instructions for Use and Marking
Personal Protective Equipment Against Falls from a Height. Anchor Devices.
Requirements and Testing.

CIRIA Special Publication SP 130: Site Safety Handbook

CIRIA Special Publication SP 131: Crane Stability on Site
CIRIA Report 166: CDM Regulations - Work Sector Guidance for Designers

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1.

MANAGEMENT OF HEALTH & SAFETY

The Health & Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 places general duties on employers,
employees and others in Regulations 2, 3, 4, 7. The Regulations referred to in this Code
are a legal requirement and must be adhered to at all times. For more information refer
to the documents themselves and where necessary seek professional advice.

1.1

The Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1992 and Approved
Code of Practice
These Regulations require an employer to make a suitable assessment of the risks to the
health and safety of employees and others who may be exposed to those risks. This
includes contractors and temporary staff engaged for special work.
Most employers will be capable of making the risk assessment themselves using
expertise within their own organisations, however, where there are complex hazards or
equipment, it may need to be done in conjunction with the help of external Health and
Safety Advisors appointed under Regulation 6 of the Management of Health and Safety
at Work Regulations 1992.
In addition employees have certain duties under the Regulations:l

To make full and proper use of anything provided by the employer in accordance
with the training given. This includes safety equipment, machinery, substances,
means of transport etc.

Employees must also inform the Employer (or nominated persons) of any
dangerous work situation or any matter relating to the Employers Health and
Safety arrangements.

1.1.1 General Procedure for Risk Assessment

A suitable and sufficient risk assessment is one that:a)

Correctly and accurately identifies the hazards

b)

Determines the likelihood of injury or harm arising

c)

Quantifies the severity and numbers of people who would be affected

d)

Takes into account any existing control measures

e)

Identifies any specific legal duty or requirements relating to the hazard

f)

Provides sufficient information to enable the employer to decide upon

appropriate control measures

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g)

Enables the employer to prioritise remedial measures

h)

Disregards inconsequential risks associated with life in general

Reducing Risks
a)

Prevent exposure by discontinuing hazardous activity

b)

Substitute the activity for a less hazardous one

c)

Reduce the number of people exposed

d)

Reduce the period of exposure

e)

Ensure all personnel involved are competent to carry out the operation

f)

Provide personal protective equipment (P.P.E.)

g)

Record all findings and arrangements and inform as required.

Remember
a)

A hazard is something with the potential to cause harm

b)

Risk expresses the likelihood that the harm is realised and the consequential
extent, to persons and/or property

c)

Risk therefore reflects both the likelihood that harm will occur and its severity.

Actions and Considerations

a)

Where the risk is considered to be significant, the assessment should be

recorded in writing and should identify those personnel especially at risk.

b)

Risk Assessments should be regularly reviewed and altered if they are no longer
valid or circumstances/conditions have changed significantly

c)

A nominated competent person (or persons if required) should be appointed to

assist in complying with the Regulations.

d)

Emergency procedures must be established, and competent people nominated to

implement them.

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SEPTEMBER 1998

e)

Information must be provided to the employees on the risks identified, the

control measures to be taken, the names of the competent persons and
information on the risks identified when work areas are shared by employers.

f)

Training must be provided to the employees in respect of the duties placed upon
them by the Regulations, at induction when first employed, when transferred or if
the job changes. This training should be updated and repeated periodically to
take account of any changes.

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2.

DESIGN STAGE

2.1

The Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 1994

Designer Responsibilities
According to the Regulations the Designer must:
Ensure that the design is such that persons at work who are erecting, maintaining or
repairing the structure, or any person who may be affected by their work, will not be
exposed to foreseeable risks to their health and safety.
Ensure that the design includes adequate information about residual risks and any aspect
of the design or materials (including articles or substances) which might affect the health
and safety of any person carrying out construction work on that project
Co-operate with the Planning Supervisor and where appropriate, other designers
included on the project.
In the following text the Precast Cladding Designer is not the Building Designer.

2.2

Safe Handling, Lifting and Erection of Components

Cladding components should be designed and detailed to facilitate safe handling, lifting,
transportation, storage and erection.
Attention to the on-site practicalities of handling and lifting of components must be a
prime consideration when designing and detailing and due allowance must be made in
the design to compensate for stresses which may be induced whilst components are
being handled, lifted, transported, stored and erected. The Designer should provide for
the safe use of patent lifting devices and lifting equipment of sufficient capacity and
ensure that they are specified/detailed in accordance with the manufacturers
recommendations and positioned such that components can be safely handled, including
safe means of removing the lifting equipment after erection.
Where special non-standard lifting equipment is required the designer should provide
such detailed information as to enable the design and procurement of that equipment. He
should also ensure that the provision of any additional components necessary for the
connection of the lifting equipment is in accordance with the manufacturers
recommendations.
Working drawings and specifications should convey information to the erection team
regarding safe storage, handling and erection sequences, and where particular problems
occur these must be highlighted together with any special fixing techniques or temporary
measures e.g. braces or props, which may be required.

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SEPTEMBER 1998
Stability of Cladding
Cladding components should be designed such that stability is maintained at all times
during and after erection.
The sequence of erection should be clearly stated and implemented to ensure stability of
the cladding and supporting structure at all stages during construction and communicated
to all relevant parties.
Means of access to connections, particularly to bearing points, jointing positions,
insulation, fire stops etc. should be carefully considered by the Designer.

2.4

Stability of Supporting Structure

The Designer should undertake an assessment of the risks anticipated during installation
of the precast cladding and any apparent instability issues relating to the supporting
structure should be relayed to the relevant Building Designer or contractor at the earliest
opportunity.

2.5

Fittings and Fixings

When designing fittings and fixings consideration must be given, in both temporary and
permanent conditions, to the loads imposed upon the supporting structure and these
should be adequately communicated to the Building Designer for his consideration.

2.6

Tolerances
The issue of tolerances must be clearly identified and addressed at the design stage to
ensure that the specified aesthetic and structural requirements of the contract can be
achieved. This will involve careful consideration of the relevant manufacturing and
erection tolerances for the supporting structure, the cladding components and any
adjacent works i.e windows, ceilings, floors etc., to ensure compatibility between the
different systems.
Failure to achieve compatible tolerances will invariably result in a lack of fit situation
which in extreme cases may lead to an unstable condition of the cladding component or
supporting structure.
Connections at support and restraint positions between cladding and structure must be
designed to accommodate the necessary three dimensional tolerances for movement
purposes and still retain full structural integrity of the connection.

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3.

SAFE WORKING METHOD STATEMENT

3.1

Introduction
Safe Working Method Statements form part of the overall Safety Management System,
covering hazardous activities, such as the erection of precast cladding and associated
components. They provide the information on the arrangements and, where required, the
actual sequence of work necessary to manage health and safety during the erection of the
Cladding and associated components. Basic information should be provided and
communicated to all concerned parties at the planning stage, thus allowing time for
approval or modification of the Safe Working Method Statement prior to site erection.
Cladding erection is similar in nature on many sites and therefore a Safe Working
Method Statement will contain common elements and activities. However the Safe
Working Method Statements should take account of specific site
conditions/requirements, health and safety information from the Health and Safety
Plan/Design Risk Assessment and/or contractors requirements.

3.2

Content of Safe Working Method Statements

Safe Working Method Statements should be concise but informative and should at least
contain the following information:Part 1 Management and Control
Contractor
The Name of the Contractor in charge of the site
Site Address
The address at which the proposed work is to be carried
out
Site Manager/Agent/
The point of contact at the site
Contact
Part 2 Description and Information (Contract, Site and Plant)
Description of Contract
Brief description of the work to be carried out - may
include the number of visits that will be necessary to
complete the contract
Method of Erection and
Sequence of Work

How the units will be lifted and positioned and other

relevant requirements e.g. will propping etc be required
and where will work commence, temporary stability?

Crane Type /Position

The crane type (rating and style, i.e. tonnage, mobile,

crawler, tower, etc.)
Access requirements (i.e. location/hardstanding)

Component weights and

Crane Working Radius

The Weight/Radius for critical components should be

stated and any recommendations from the Crane suppliers
should be incorporated

Deliveries and Site Access

On what form of transport the components are to be

delivered and the access requirements (e.g. hardstanding)

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Part 3 Stability and Bearings

Stability and Bearings
The adequacy of the supporting structure and who is
responsible for checking it prior to work commencing. The
responsibility and method of ensuring stability.
Part 4 Personnel
Foreman Fixer
Sling/Signaller
(Banksman) Erectors
Other Site Operations;
3rd Parties

Statement and certification to confirm the competence and

training of operatives that will be involved in the erection
etc.
Safety responsibility of all personnel

Part 5 Health and Safety Management and Control Measures

Personal Protective
General statement showing that all operatives will
Equipment
comply with current/site requirements.
Access to Work Area
Method of access and the Main Contractors
responsibility to supply. The use of scaffolding and
temporary access etc.
Positioning of components

Standard and Extraordinary methods of positioning.

Working at Heights

Statement regarding the provision of handrails and other

means of protection.
The use of fall prevention/arrest equipment e.g. harnesses,
nets, etc. and the means of attachment.

Leading Edge Protection

Welfare Facilities

Provision of facilities e.g. First Aid and Toilets, are they

joint facilities?

Part 6 Amendments and additional information

Amendments to the Method Should any part of the method statement require
Statement
amendment or alteration this should be notified for
agreement by all relevant parties prior to it being
enforced.

3.3

Communication of the Safe Working Method Statement

The Safe Working Method Statement should be sent to the Contractor for inclusion in the
Health and Safety Plan. Where changes are made these should be recorded and the
appropriate amended copy sent to the Contractor. The current Safe Working Method
Statement should be supplied with the Working Drawings for discussion with the
erection crew prior to use during the erection phase. The adequacy of the Safe Working
Method Statement should be monitored by the Foreman and any variations recorded and
reported back to the Company.

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SEPTEMBER 1998
Additions to the Safe Working Method Statement
The Safe Working Method Statement may be added to by attaching and/or referring to
other documents, for example;
Company Site Safety Booklets
Company Procedures (e.g. Handling and Storage)
Craneage Supplier site visit/Craneage Reports
Company Representative Reports
Risk, COSHH Noise and Manual Handling Assessments
Addendums to the Safe Working Method Statement
Specifications and Certification of plant and equipment etc.
Architectural Cladding Association Code of Practice/Attendances
The Health and Safety Plan
This list is not exhaustive and the level of information/inclusion will vary and depends
on the nature of the contract.

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SEPTEMBER 1998

4.

GENERAL CONTRACTORS RESPONSIBILITIES

4.1

Attendances
The Attendances, specified in the ACA Attendances Appendix, attached to the cladding
sub-contractors quotation, together with any additional specific requirements
necessitated by the nature of the site or contract works, are to be provided by the
Contractor.
The Contractor should also maintain and up-grade these attendance items to compensate
for deterioration through usage and weather.

4.2

Protection of the Cladding

The Contractor is deemed to accept responsibility for the protection of the cladding from
the time when the physical installation of the sub-contract works or any section thereof
has been completed.
In most cases damage sustained by the cladding is a result of impact and soiling during
the progression of following trades. Particular consideration should be given to heavily
trafficked areas such as access and egress points. With greater care on the part of
following trades and other sub-contractors, damage to components can be greatly
reduced. In all cases where there is access provision, or drilling, chasing or the like is
to be carried out to precast concrete components, the Contractor must check with the
specialist precast concrete sub-contractor before work proceeds, to ensure that such
work will not have a detrimental effect upon the appearance, integrity and/or stability of
the cladding or its components.

4.3

Contractor Installed Fixings

The Contractor should be responsible for the correct storage, installation and protection
of all builders work associated with the Designers specification.
In addition the Company Representative, together with the Foreman and the Contractors
Site Representative, should make a visual examination of the supporting structure to
ascertain whether any obvious defects or unstable conditions exist.

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5.

COMPANY REPRESENTATIVES ROLE

5.1

Agreed Sequence of Erection

The sequence of erection should be determined prior to commencement on site and fully
detailed in the Safe Working Method Statement.
Full consideration should be given to the following:a)
b)
c)
d)
e)

Site Access, Lifting facilities, Unloading points, Overhead power cables,

Underground services, Restricted erection areas.
Safe means of interconnecting and access to the working levels/areas
Designed stability requirements
Starting position or positions if phased construction is required
Availability of materials.

Should it be necessary for the erection sequence to be varied after commencement, for
whatever reason, this should only be implemented after reference to the Company and
after all safety requirements have been satisfied. The Safe Working Method Statement
should be amended by an addendum to cover any revisions which should be
documented, signed, agreed and discussed with all relevant parties.
5.2

Method of Lifting
Based upon experience, and if necessary in liaison with crane hire representatives, the
Company Representative should decide upon the type of lifting, plant and equipment to
be employed in the erection of each specific component, taking into account the weight
of components to be lifted, the radius of lifting, and any special handling requirements.
The Company Representative should liaise with the Contractors Representative to
ensure the suitability of any lifting equipment provided by the Contractor.
As a guide to the Contractor, the Company should discuss and advise upon the type and
size of delivery lorries and craneage, in order that the Contractor may provide adequate
access and hardstandings or other facilities which may be required to accommodate
delivery and lifting equipment.
The Company should also bring to the attention of the Contractor any visible
obstructions likely to hinder the safe working of lifting equipment e.g. aerial
obstructions, stacked materials, earthworks, in order that these may be removed or made
safe prior to the commencement of the cladding erection. The Company should monitor
this aspect of site safety as the works proceed.
After reaching a decision upon the lifting arrangements, unloading points, site access,
crane standing areas etc. the Company should provide a marked up record, prior to work
commencing, showing the areas agreed with the Contractor, as part of the Safe Working
Method Statement.

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SEPTEMBER 1998
During the routine pre-contract site visit the Company Representative should satisfy
himself that the site conditions, observed or anticipated at the time when the crane or
lifting equipment was selected, have not changed, or will not change. If change has
occurred or can be anticipated, the Company Representative should again ensure that the
crane or lifting equipment is adequate.

5.3

Site Access
In addition to the access required for the method of lifting (see Section 5.2) the Company
must agree with the Contractor access from the public highway onto site, unloading
points, the type and location of hard roads and hard standing areas for delivery vehicles
and the need for temporary or long term removal of any fences, walls or other
obstructions. Consideration should be given to the sizes of vehicles to be used including
the possibility of abnormal loads and the effect parked vehicles may have on the site
entrance. It may be necessary for the Contractor to involve the police and statutory
authorities and others before arriving at a satisfactory solution.
The condition of the agreed access roads should at all times be maintained by the
Contractor to an acceptable standard. The need for vehicles to leave the site in a clean
condition, free from mud, dust and other materials, should be considered and the
Contractor may need to consider providing vehicle and/or automatic wheel washing
facilities at the exit. These additional points should form part of any agreement.
Whilst making these arrangements, locations of and access to stacking areas, stores,
temporary buildings and lorry/trailer holding areas should be agreed.
The agreed access and other arrangements should then be incorporated into the Safe
Working Method Statement, in order that all parties should have the information readily
available and to avoid misunderstandings or confusion when the cladding erection
commences.
Access into the building(s) as erection progresses should be agreed together with
protection on and around the cladding. Particular attention should be paid to barriers,
guardrails/handrails, toeboards, access lighting and similar. The Company should
monitor the provision of these Attendances during the period of the site works.

5.4

Attendances Liaison
The Contractor will be aware of the precast concrete sub-contractors general
requirements with regard to Attendances, having received the ACA Attendances as
specified in the Appendix to this Code.
The Company Representative should discuss the general requirements with the
Contractor in order to agree more specific Attendances, which reflect the nature of the
site and the contract works.

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SEPTEMBER 1998
All Agreements reached between the Company Representative and the Contractors Site
Representative should be confirmed either in writing or by inclusion on a marked up
record, copies being held by both parties to the agreement.
Before commencing erection of cladding the Company Representative should satisfy
himself that the Attendances described in the Safe Working Method Statement are in fact
available and of a satisfactory standard. Where possible such a check should be
conducted together with the Foreman.
If any item is found to be inadequate or missing, the Company Representative should
highlight the problem and if necessary delay commencement of erection until the
Attendances are satisfactory. In such circumstances the Company Representative must
fully acquaint the Contractors Site Representative with the situation.

5.5

Supervision of Erection
Prior to commencement of the cladding erection the Company Representative should
visit the site to visually examine the suitability of the supporting structure provided by
the Contractor. This inspection should be conducted, wherever possible, together with
the Contractors Site Representative. However, in all cases where defects or
irregularities are found these should be brought to the Contractors attention, so that
corrective measures may be executed before cladding erection commences to that area.
The Company Representative should visit site on the first day of any site visit by an
erection team to acquaint the Foreman and erection team fully with any special problems
or conditions relative to the Safe Working Method Statement.
Whilst on site the Company Representative should satisfy himself that the Contractors
Attendance items have been satisfactorily provided and ensure that the Foreman is fully
aware of the Contractors and sub-contractors obligations.
On contracts of a complex nature a Company Representative should spend a greater
length of time with the erection team. In certain cases, where there is a complex
erection, the Company Representative should oversee the complete erection.
It is essential for the Company Representative to call on site at intermediate points
throughout the contract, to ensure that erection is proceeding in a safe and proper manner
and that all Attendances continue to be provided.

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6.

FOREMANS ROLE

6.1

Working to Sequence (See also Clause 5.1)

Prior to the arrival of the erection team a sequence of on-site installation should have
been agreed, in the form of a Safe Working Method Statement with records kept on site
and a copy handed to the Foreman.
It is the responsibility of the Foreman to ensure adherence to the agreed sequence. In
circumstances where a deviation from the sequence is unavoidable, the Foreman must
satisfy himself that it will have no detrimental effect upon stability or safety of
installation. The Foreman must seek advice before altering the sequence, either by
referring back to the Company, or to the Company Representative responsible for that
Contract.

6.2

Checking of Attendances (See also Clause 5.4)

Before commencing the erection of any precast units, the Foreman should satisfy himself
that the Attendances agreed for that contract are in fact available, and of a satisfactory
standard. Where possible such a check should be conducted together with the Company
Representative and the Contractors Site Representative.
If any item is found to be inadequate or missing, the Foreman should highlight the
problem, and, if necessary, delay commencement of the erection until Attendances are
satisfactory. In such circumstances the Foreman must fully acquaint his head office with
the situation.

6.3

Supervision of Erection
In all cases the Foreman is responsible for the actual erection of the cladding and its
components in accordance with the Safe Working Method Statement. On contracts
where the Company Representative oversees erection, the overall responsibility for the
erection team and their actions still remains with the Foreman, through whom all
instructions from the Company Representative should be given.
The delegation of specific tasks within the team is the responsibility of the Foreman,
who should be satisfied that the person to whom the task is assigned is competent to
carry out that work safely.
Before placing any components the Foreman should satisfy himself that the lifting
appliances, plant and equipment are operating in a safe and proper manner, and that all
operators are fully aware of the nature of the work and can identify and understand the
Signaller (Banksman).

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Prior to the commencement of erection, the Foreman should visually inspect and satisfy
himself that the supporting structure provided for the cladding and its components
appear satisfactory. If any item is found to be inadequate or missing the Foreman should
highlight the problem and if necessary delay commencement of erection until the matter
is resolved.
During the actual erection and placement of the cladding and its components, the
Foreman should ensure that correct handling and placing procedures are being adhered
to, and that all aspects of the work are being executed in a safe and proper manner, in
accordance with the Working Drawings and Safe Working Method Statement.
The Foreman should also check the accuracy of the cladding and its components,
ensuring that erection tolerances correspond with the Working Drawings and
Specification.
Any variations which occur should be referred back to the Company by the Foreman for
instructions, so that remedial measures may be safely and properly executed to ensure
the overall structural integrity and stability of the cladding, which may necessitate a
revision of the Safe Working Method Statement.
When erection of all or agreed sections of the cladding is complete the Foreman will
inspect the work and a handover certificate will be issued to the Contractors Site
Representative identifying any outstanding items of work.

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SEPTEMBER 1998

7.

TRAINING AND CERTIFICATION

7.1

Training
Employers have a responsibility under the Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 and
the Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1992 to provide appropriate
training for their employees and ensure that their sub-contractors have received
appropriate training. The personnel designated to carry out specific tasks on site should
therefore have received training and should hold appropriate certification. Personnel
employed on the site who require specific training appropriate to their functions include:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10
11.
12.

7.2

Erectors
Crane Operators
Signallers/Banksmen
Slingers
Lift Truck Operators
Dumper Truck Drivers
Operators of Work-Access Platforms
Operators of Concrete Pumping Equipment
Abrasive Wheel Operators
Welders
Operators of Hoists
First Aiders

Certification
ACA Approved Training Providers run courses on all aspects of the Safe Erection of
Precast Concrete components.
Employers also have an obligation to provide training to all personnel and ensure their
sub-contractors have been trained. The training should include the following aspects.
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(vi)

General Safety Awareness including Risk Assessment

Noise at Work
COSHH
Manual Handling
Personal Protective Equipment at Work
Work Equipment

Records of training should be kept for inspection and monitoring purposes.

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8.

PROTECTION AND WELFARE OF OPERATIVES

8.1

Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1992

The Regulations were implemented on 1 January 1993 and are made under the Health &
Safety at Work etc. Act 1974.
The Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1992 lay down important Health
& Safety Laws for the Provision and Use of Work Equipment.
The primary objective of the Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1992 is
to ensure the provision of safe work equipment and its safe use. Work equipment should
not give rise to risks to health and safety, irrespective of its age or place of origin.
The Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1992 applies and makes more
explicit the general duties on employers, the self-employed and persons in control to
provide safe plant and equipment.
The Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1992 should not be considered
in isolation, in particular, they need to be looked at together with the Management of
Health & Safety at Work Regulations 1992.
Although the prime duty for ensuring health and safety rests with employers, employees
also have legal duties, particularly under Section 7 and 8 of the Health & Safety at Work
etc. Act 1974. These duties have been supplemented by Regulation 12 of the
Management of Health & Safety at Work Regulations 1992 which requires that
employees should use correctly all work items provided by their employer in
accordance with their training and instructions they received to enable them to use the
items safely. This is particularly relevant to employees using work equipment.
Therefore employees who have received the necessary and appropriate instructions and
training are required to use their work equipment correctly.

8.2

Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH)

In order to comply with the Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations
1994, the Company must ensure the collection and issue of up to date information on the
potential hazards and toxicities of all materials and substances used by the Company in
carrying out its site activities, and the control measures to be adopted.
Materials and substances include anything used or generated, for example: ready mixed
concrete and dust from cutting operations etc.
Assessment sheets for all products used on site are to be issued to the Company
Representative.

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SEPTEMBER 1998
All operatives involved in the use of these materials, e.g. cement, ready-mixed concrete,
etc., will be reminded of the hazards of the particular material about to be used and all
necessary precautions and any protective equipment or clothing will be made available
and put into use before any substance is utilised on site.
All substances received on site will be stored in accordance with the instructions
contained in the Assessment Sheets, and in the event of any spillage, appropriate action
should be taken to retrieve the material in accordance with instructions contained in the
Assessment Sheet. The Company Representative should monitor these procedures.
Empty containers and waste material must be disposed of in accordance with the
approved procedures, as noted on the Assessment Sheet for the product or products
concerned.
The materials used in the erection of precast concrete cladding are generally of low
toxicity but all operatives must be reminded of the hazards at all times by the Foreman.
Checks that control measures are being adhered to should be made at periodic intervals
by the Company Representative.
Copies of COSHH Assessment sheets may form part of the Companys Work Method
Statement.
The Company Representative should request the Main Contractor to supply details of
any other substances on site that could affect employees of the Company or their subcontractors.

8.3

Noise at Work
The Noise at Work Regulations 1989 place certain duties on employers, employees and
manufacturers. The noise created by drilling, cutting etc., may be excessive and could
cause a health hazard, which requires to be assessed and controlled.
Action Levels
First Action Level

85 dB (A)

Second Action Level

90 dB (A)

Peak Action Level

140 dB (A)

(200 Pascals)

Where employees are exposed between the first and second Action levels the employer
is required to provide protectors to employees who so request.
Where employees are exposed above the second Action level the wearing of ear
protection is mandatory. The employer should provide hearing protection and ensure
that the protectors are used and the employee has been trained in their correct use. At no
time should the Peak Action Level be reached.

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8.4

SEPTEMBER 1998
Personal Protective Equipment at Work

8.4.1 Working Clothes and Personal Protective Equipment

The Personal Protective Equipment at Work Regulations 1992 (PPE Regs) require the
Employer to provide suitable personal protective equipment (PPE) necessary for the
protection of operatives engaged in the erection of precast concrete cladding. The
requirement for personal protective equipment should be identified on the General Risk
Assessment.
All operatives, irrespective of the nature of particular site conditions, should be
provided with personal protective equipment to meet general needs, e.g. protective
footwear, gloves, weatherproof clothing and suitable head protection. All PPE must be
properly stored and maintained in accordance with manufacturers recommendations.
The distribution and quality of such equipment are matters of individual company policy.
However, all equipment or clothing should carry the CE Mark, identifying the product as
having passed certain European Standards (BSEN), or be of a standard at least equal to
that set by the appropriate British Standard.
Wherever possible the Company should consider the views and comments received
from their operatives when deciding upon particular types of equipment. The physical
stature of operatives should be matched as closely as is practicable by any equipment.
Personal protective equipment must also be compatible if worn with other PPE, e.g.
hearing protection worn with head protection.
The Company must ensure that all protective clothing and equipment is fit for use and
should apply all necessary measures to ensure that such items are being used in a proper
manner by their employees. Operatives issued with such equipment have a duty under
the Health & Safety at Work Act 1974 to use and look after it. The Company should
ensure that operatives receive adequate instruction regarding the proper use and storage
of protective equipment and clothing.
On certain sites the conditions or method of working will necessitate the use of special
protective clothing and equipment. Certain items such as eye protection, respiratory
protection, ear protection and safety harnesses should be carried by the erection team at
all times and used as the need arises or made available to the erection team prior to the
commencement of work. The use of specific protection equipment, e.g. safety harnesses,
should be identified in the Safe Working Method Statement.
The operatives should conduct regular inspections of all equipment and clothing and any
items found to be missing or defective should be notified to the Company for immediate
replacement or repair.

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8.5

SEPTEMBER 1998
The Construction (Health Safety and Welfare) Regulations 1996

8.5.1 Welfare Facilities

The provision of Welfare Facilities on the majority of sites will be on a shared welfare
basis, where the Contractor provides the necessary facilities which can be used by
operatives engaged in the precast concrete cladding erection.
When no formal welfare arrangements exist, the Company should ensure that the
necessary facilities are provided by way of an Attendance, based upon the ACA Health,
Safety and Welfare Attendances issued at quotation stage, or alternatively, the Company
may provide facilities for use by their operatives.
The ultimate responsibility for ensuring that the facilities are provided, and of a standard
equal to that required by the Construction (Health, Safety and Welfare) Regulations
1996, remains with the Company, and therefore, the Companys Representative must
satisfy himself that the facilities provided, from whatever source, are adequate.

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9.

SEPTEMBER 1998
SAFE USE OF CRANES, FORK LIFTS AND OTHER LIFTING EQUIPMENT
It is in the interest of all parties involved in lifting operations to ensure that they are
carried out efficiently and safely. BS7121 Part 1: Safe Use of Cranes ensures that
everyone involved in a lifting operation is aware of their responsibilities.

9.1

Planning of The Lifting Operation

During preliminary site visit(s) a safe system of work should be established by the
Company Representative, in the form of a Safe Working Method Statement and this
should be followed for every lifting operation or a group of repetitive operations. This
principle applies to all lifting operations.
The safe system of work for crane operations should include the following:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)

Planning of the operation including Risk Assessments.

Assessment of access and working areas, including ground conditions.
Selection, provision and use of suitable crane(s) and equipment.
Verifying that crane(s) and ancillary equipment are properly certificated.
Provision of properly trained and competent personnel with the necessary
authority who have been made aware of their relevant responsibilities under
the Health & Safety at Work etc. Act 1974;
Management of the lifting operation.
Control of the lifting operation.

The lifting operation should be taken to include any necessary preparation of, as well as
erection and dismantling of the crane(s).
The Safe Working Method Statement should be effectively communicated to all parties
concerned.
9.2

Access and Working Areas

A site inspection should be carried out to determine the final access route and working
areas for the crane, with due regard to ground conditions and obstructions at both ground
level and overhead.
Inspection of ground conditions should also include ground adjacent to the access and
the working area of the crane and special attention must be paid to:
a)
b)
c)
d)

Trenches - these may require additional shoring to prevent collapse when a

crane stands or passes nearby.
Cellars and basements should also be considered in the same light as trenches.
Uncompacted fill to trenches or excavations can lead to the overturning of any
crane passing over or standing on such ground.
Underground services or constructions may suffer damage or collapse due to a
crane passing over or nearby, which in turn may lead to the crane itself
overturning.

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e)

SEPTEMBER 1998
Ramps, slopes or uneven ground can seriously affect the stability of a crane and should,
therefore, be avoided, made safe or approached with extreme caution.
Following the visit of the Company Representative the Contractor should ensure that
suitable levelled hardstanding/hardcore areas are provided for the safe passage and
working of the crane, but if there is any doubt as to the suitability of any aspect of the
site, it should be brought to the attention of the Contractors Site Representative in order
that remedial measures may be implemented. The Foreman and Crane Operator should
continue to monitor ground conditions during the whole operation, paying particular
attention to deterioration as a result of usage and adverse weather.
The crane should only operate from the position(s) agreed between the Company
Representative and the Contractors Site Representative or such other position as may
be agreed at the time by the Foreman and the Contractors Site Representative, provided
that the level of safety is not reduced as a result.

9.3

Selection of suitable crane(s) and equipment

9.3.1 Mobile Telescopic Cranes

When using mobile telescopic cranes these will normally operate in blocked duties
i.e, supported on outriggers. In such circumstances all outriggers must be used, and they
should be in their extended position and locked, as recommended by the crane
manufacturer. Adequate packing should be used under the outriggers to spread the load
from the crane, and to give proper firm support on all types of surface.
The crane should be level, both lengthways and across the chassis, before any lifting is
attempted. The level should be checked as often as is reasonably practicable during the
lifting operations, by the Crane Operator.
In some conditions mobile telescopic cranes may operate on free duties and may need
to travel with a suspended load. When free duties involving mobile telescopic cranes
are unavoidable, specialist cranes should be used and the advice of the crane owner
sought.
Some cranes have 360 lifting duties, some have side lifting and rear lifting duties.
9.3.2 Crawler Cranes
Crawler cranes present a more economic solution than mobile telescopic cranes on
longer term contracts and therefore tend to be the most commonly used type of craneage
for precast cladding erection.
These cranes operate with 360 lifting duties and a fixed boom, often accompanied by a
fly jib for lighter duties, and without outriggers, which enables the crane to travel with a
load

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SEPTEMBER 1998
When travelling with a suspended load, great care must be taken and full liaison
maintained between Crane Operator, Foreman and Contractors Site Representative.
The crane must operate on level ground and proceed at a crawl pace and be guided by a
competent Signaller/Banksman, who should watch for obstructions at ground level and
overhead as well as uneven ground or slopes which should be avoided.
Before allowing the crane to travel the Foreman should ensure that the Crane Operator
and Signaller/Banksman are aware of the route to be taken and that the Crane Operator
is confident that the operation can be undertaken safely.
The suspended load should be carried as close to the ground as possible and hand lines
should be attached to the load during transit to prevent excessive swinging.

9.3.3 Tower Cranes

The lifting facility of a tower crane is often provided as an attendance by the Contractor,
particularly on congested city-centre sites and therefore the responsibility for correct
documentation rests with the Contractor. It is however, a matter of good practice for the
Company Representative to check with the Contractor that the necessary documentation
for safe working, as noted in section 9.4, is in good order.
Where responsibility for the provision of the tower crane lies with the Company, due
consideration should be taken of the following requirements:
Any tower crane selected for use should be chosen with full knowledge of maximum and
minimum load requirements and with a working margin in reserve in respect of load,
radius and maximum hook height.
So far as the siting, position, preparatory work and slewing area of a tower crane are
concerned, the Company Representative should agree such positions, and any foundation
work necessary, or work to remove obstructions, with the Contractors Site
Representative at the earliest possible stage of the contract, and copies of all agreements
reached should be recorded and held by both parties and included in the Safe Working
Method Statement.
The Company Representative should also determine with the Contractor the
responsibility for obtaining police permissions, road closure authority (if necessary),
and any height restrictions to facilitate the erection, operation and dismantling of a tower
crane.
The erection, maintenance, alteration, dismantling and operation of tower cranes should
only be undertaken by competent persons, in strict accordance with the provisions of the
Construction (Lifting Operations) Regulations 1961, GS28/2&3 Safe Erection of
Structures and BS7121 Part 1: Code of Practice for the Safe Use of Cranes, such
operations being the subject of a Safe Working Method Statement.

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SEPTEMBER 1998
The structure of a tower crane, together with all metal cases of electrical equipment,
should be effectively and directly connected to earth. This recommendation also
applies to rail mounted tower cranes, in which case it is further advised that at least one
rail should be electrically bonded at each joint and the track itself should be effectively
earthed. The reliance on the use of crane wheels for earthing is not recommended.
In the case of rail-mounted tower cranes, all rails must be constructed and laid by
competent persons in strict accordance with the provisions of the Construction (Lifting
Operations) Regulations, 1961.
Whenever a tower crane is left unattended, irrespective of the duration, the jib should be
left free slewing with the hook as close to the trolley as possible, and the trolley close
into the mast of the crane. When unattended for longer periods of time e.g. the end of a
working day, weekend, or holiday period, the cranes power feed should be shut off at
the isolator.
Special consideration should be given when two or more tower cranes are being
operated in close proximity, to avoid contact between jibs or ropes etc.

9.3.4 Lift Trucks

Lift trucks are sometimes used to place components in conditions where reduced
headroom or access make other forms of lifting impracticable.
When a lift truck is to be used, the Company Representative should ensure that adequate
access and working areas are provided, in the same way as crane access and standing
areas are agreed and account should be taken of the terrain, height restrictions, noise,
working environment etc.
Should any attachment be used in conjunction with a lift truck, the selection and
installation of the attachment should be carried out in consultation with the manufacturer
or hirer of the lift truck and the rated SWL altered accordingly. Additional training may
be required for the operator where special attachments are to be used.
If it is necessary for the lift truck to travel with units, the route across site should be
chosen with care, avoiding adverse gradients, obstructions (similar procedure to that for
cranes (9.2 refers)), and wherever necessary additional hard-core or similar measures
should be implemented to minimise the unevenness of the site. Loads must be kept as
low as possible to the ground to prevent the truck becoming unstable.
At all times the operation of lift trucks should be carried out in full conformity with the
instructions or recommendations of the hire company and/or the manufacturer, with
particular attention being paid to the SWL and weight/height restrictions.
The Foreman should ensure that the person delegated to operate the lift truck is
Certificated and is the only person allowed to operate the vehicle.

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SEPTEMBER 1998
When handling precast components on the forks of a lift truck, it will be necessary to
ensure that the forks of the vehicle are spaced such that the load is maintained in a stable
condition and padded so that no damage is caused to the component being handled.

9.3.5 Lifting Forks

When small components are to be installed, some form of lifting fork may be used in
handling them. Special handling equipment, as described above, should not be used
unless a suitable net is placed and secured around the load or the load is suitably
contained by means of banding and shrink wrapping.
Any net used should be of a suitable mesh and gauge to prevent the fall of material and
should be inspected by the Foreman for damage at the commencement and completion of
each contract, or more frequently on longer contracts.
Before allowing small components to be lifted, the person slinging loads should ensure
that the load is stable and properly packed..
As with other forms of lifting equipment, specialised lifting devices should be marked
with their SWL and identification and be tested and examined in the same way as other
forms of lifting equipment.
9.3.6 Patent Lifting Devices
These devices are used extensively for the purpose of handling and lifting precast
cladding components and comprise a load-rated clutch or shackle which is connected at
site to a correspondingly rated insert or socket cast into the cladding component. This
creates a relatively foolproof system whereby dissimilar rated shackles and inserts
cannot be connected.
Patent lifting devices should be used in strict accordance with the manufacturers
instructions and never mixed between differing systems.
The Foreman should ensure that the devices are in good condition and of the correct size
and capacity for the lifting requirement. Regular inspections should be carried out
during the course of the contract and any items showing signs of wear and tear or fatigue
should be immediately withdrawn from service and returned to the Company.
9.3.7 Chain Slings, Rope Slings and Shackles
All chains, ropes and shackles must be permanently marked or tagged with an
identification number for the purpose of reference to the appropriate documentation (see
9.4). They must also be permanently marked with their Safe Working Load (SWL).

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SEPTEMBER 1998
Prior to use, the Foreman should ensure that he is in possession of the relevant
certificates and that he or the slinger carries out a visual inspection of all items to be
used in the lifting operation. He should also identify the SWL of each item to ensure that
adequate capacity is selected for the loading condition to be applied.
The use of Patent Lifting Devices (see 9.3.6) automatically selects the appropriate
shackle capacity which in turn greatly simplifies the selection of chains or ropes.
Where it is not possible or practicable to use cast-in patent devices, the component
weight should always be available on site to enable the Foreman to select the correct
lifting equipment. This information should be conveyed in the form of a component
schedule, or the weight of the component may be painted on, or otherwise indicated on
the component itself.
All chains, ropes and lifting gear must be securely attached to the lifting appliance e.g
crane hook, in such a manner that damage is not caused to the chain, rope, lifting gear or
the lifting appliance.
Any hook used for lifting purposes must, under the Construction Regulations, be fitted
with either a safety catch or be of such a shape (e.g `C hook) to prevent the
displacement of the sling or load from the hook.
Any hook which has been damaged or has had the safety catch damaged, or removed if
originally fitted, must not be used. Safety catches must not be tampered with or removed
at any time.

9.3.8 Multiple Leg Slings

Multiple leg slings are comprised of either two, three, or four legs which are connected
by intermediate links to the master link.
The SWL of a sling is the maximum load which a sling may support under known
service conditions. The SWL should be a lower figure under hazardous conditions, or
in any circumstances which are liable to give rise to higher stresses.
Most multiple leg slings are rated for SWL as follows:a)
b)
c)

two leg
three leg
four leg

SWL @ 90
SWL @ 45
SWL @ 90

There are two options for the consideration of SWL of multi leg slings, under known
working conditions. These are the uniform load method and the trigonometric method.
The uniform load method rates slings for all angles between legs from 0 to 90 (0-45
from vertical to each leg). The sling may be additionally rated from 90 to 120 (45-60
from vertical to each leg). This method is to be preferred where slingers do not have
either the time or the inclination to consult tables on SWLs at varying angles.

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SEPTEMBER 1998
The trigonometric method rates a multi leg sling at a SWL which relates to the angle
between the legs when the sling is in use, reference being made to the manufacturers
table of safe working loads.
Although marked with a SWL at 90, multiple leg slings of two or four legs can be used
at angles of 30, 60, 90 and 120, similarly three leg slings at 15, 30, 45 and 60
angles.
It is recommended that the Slinger should be aware of these methods of rating, further
guidance being given in Table 2.
When carrying out near capacity lifts, with three or four leg slings, the Foreman should
refer back for technical advice on the choice of lifting slings, as multiple leg slings are
rated on equal loading in each leg.
In the case of a four leg sling, two legs may take majority loading, whilst two act as a
balance with minimal loading.
Many chain manufacturers produce illustrated tables, which clearly identify the SWL at
different angles. Where such tables are available from manufacturers, a copy should be
issued to the Foreman for his reference on site.
Table 2

Chain Slings
Dia
in mm

7
8
10
11
13
14
16
19

MAXIMUM SAFE WORKING LOAD in Tonnes

Single
Two-leg slings at different angles
Slings

1.5
2
3.2
3.8
5.4
6.4
8.2
11.5

0o
3
4
6.4
7.6
10.8

30o
2.9
3.9
6.1
7.3
10.4

60o
2.6
3.5
5.5
6.6
9.3
11

90o
2.1
2.8
4.5
5.3
7.6
8.9
11.6

120o
1.5
2
3.2
3.8
5.4
6.4
8.2
11.5

Endless
Slings

2.4
3
4.8
5.7
8.1
9.6
12.3

SPECIAL NOTE
The loads listed for four-leg slings are based upon the traditional method of
calculation which assumes that the load is equally shared by the four-legs. The latest
ISO and BSI specification recommend that a general purpose four-leg sling should be
rated at the same working load limit as a three-leg sling of the same size and grade,
on the assumption that one leg of a four-leg sling may be taking a disproportionately
small share of the total load. Users may wish to consider the adoption of these latest
recommendations.

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In extreme cases where a component length or building headroom causes the angle between
chain legs to become excessive, the use of a lifting beam should be considered.

9.3.9 Weather Restrictions

Irrespective of the type of equipment used in lifting operations, inclement weather will
have an effect, although the degree of effect will vary with the contract and the type of
equipment used.
The most common problem presented by inclement weather is that of wind, which can
seriously increase the risks involved in lifting operations.
Wind speed restrictions related to tower cranes are readily available and in view of the
fact that most tower cranes are fitted with wind speed indicators, the application of
these restrictions should be enforced.
In the case of mobile cranes and crawler cranes, wind speed indicators are not a
statutory requirement. If in the opinion of either the Crane Operator or Foreman the
safety of the lifting operation is adversely affected by the wind speed, the operation
should be abandoned. Reference can be made to the Manufacturers Operating Manual or
crane owner for specific restrictions which allow for wind sail area and makes
reference to the Beaufort Scale.
In circumstances where inclement weather causes reduced visibility to such an extent
that visual signalling between the crane operator and Signaller/Banksman is significantly
impaired, the lifting operation should be abandoned and the cladding component stacked
in a stable manner.

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9.4

SEPTEMBER 1998
Documentation - Certificates, Records and Registers
The person delegated to be in charge of the lifting operation will be responsible for
checking all documentation.
Crane:

Record of Test and Thorough Examination (4 year test - F96 for

Mobile/Crawler)
Record of Test and Thorough Examination (4 year test -F2531 for
Tower)
Record of Thorough Examination (14 monthly - F91 Section G) ]
Record of Weekly Inspection (F91 Section C)

Operator:
Lifting
Equipment:

Certificate of Training Achievement (CTA)

Record of Test (F87, F88, F97)

Record of Thorough Examination (6 monthly - F91 Section J) u

for cranes less than 14 months old or within 14 months of Test and
Thorough Examination - not required.

for lifting equipment less than 6 months old - not required.

For many years there has been a requirement within the Construction (Lifting
Operations) Regulations 1961 to have cranes and lifting equipment tested and thoroughly
examined with the results recorded on prescribed forms.
Prior to 1992 there were standard prescribed forms, as noted in brackets above.
With the exception of F91 Section C, from 1992 these forms are no longer required to be
used, providing the form used shows the prescribed particulars, as required by the 1992
regulations.
9.5

Slinger and Signaller/Banksman

The authorised person responsible for slinging of the load and/or signalling to the Crane
Operator must be fully trained and certificated.
Only one person should give signals to the lifting appliance operator. The operator
should be able to recognise the Slinger or Signaller and there should be a mutual
understanding of the signals used. The above principles should apply equally in
situations where radio communication is used between Slinger/Signaller and lifting
appliance operator.

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On certain types of contract it will be necessary for additional Signallers to be used,
primarily to guide units through roof structures or around obstructions.
In instances where more than one Signaller is used, the general requirements for
Signallers apply but only one person should give signals direct to the operator.

9.6

Management of the Lifting Operation

To ensure the implementation of the Safe System of Work one person should be
appointed to have overall control of the lifting operation to act on behalf of the company.
The appointment of the person does not remove any legal responsibility from the
Company but enables them to use his expertise to better fulfil their responsibilities. The
person appointed may have other duties and need not be an employee of the Company.
The appointed person should have adequate training and experience to enable these
duties to be carried out competently.
Where the Company has determined that the general lifting operations are simple and
repetitive, the duties can be delegated to the Foreman by the Company Representative.
The Foreman, having been delegated as being in control, will have the authority to stop
the lifting operation if considered to be unsafe to continue.
The Company Representative or Foreman, after carrying out the documentation check
and having established that all is in order, can proceed as follows:1.

Ensure that all personnel involved are familiar with the Safe Working Method
Statement/Safe System of Work and fully briefed on their roles and
responsibilities.

2.

Discuss with all personnel involved the intended lifting operation and weight of
loads being lifted including the heaviest load and maximum radius of operation.

3.

Before allowing the crane to enter the work area, the Foreman and the Crane
Operator should ensure by joint inspection that the access, working and adjacent
areas are safe and suitable, particular attention being paid to overhead
obstructions and trenches, cellars, basements, ramps and slopes. Recently
compacted fill of trenches or excavations should be avoided. All proximity
hazards should be identified and appropriate action taken.

4.

Ensure that the Crane Operator can identify and understand those who are to give
signals and that all are aware of the code of signals that are to be used. See
table of recommended Crane Signals.(page 49)

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RECOMMENDED CRANE SIGNALS

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9.7

SEPTEMBER 1998
Control of the Lifting Operation
Lifting operations should be controlled by the authorised Slinger/Signaller/Banksman
who will be in attendance at all times and whose duties will include:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

Supervise the manoeuvring of the crane onto and across site and into the
required position ensuring that the public and other site personnel are not being
put at risk.
Discuss with the Crane Operator, ground conditions and ensure that the outrigger
jacks are adequately supported on the ground.
Ensure that the lifting tackle is of adequate SWL, of suitable sling leg length for
sling angle and that a hand line is available for use if required.
Ensure that before lifting, site personnel have been warned of the lifting
operation and are clear of the working area of the crane.
Ensure that during lifting and placing loads the crane is lifting within safe
working load, radius and capacity.
When lifting from transport off site or with the crane positioned offsite,
particular attention must be given to pedestrians and traffic management.
Ensure that the jib load and slings are clear of obstruction at all times.
Ensure adequate clearance for slewing of the tail-weight.
Monitor the lifting operation continuously to ensure that it progresses safely.
Be prepared to stop the operation if personnel or the crane are working unsafely,
or for any other reasons.

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10.

TRANSPORTATION OF COMPONENTS

10.1

The Stacking and Making Secure of Loads

The fundamental concerns when loading delivery vehicles must be to ensure an even
weight distribution, and load stability, throughout the loading, transit and unloading
stages.
It is important that the loading arrangements should allow the maximum protection
against damage or breakage, as cladding components are particularly vulnerable to
damage in transit.
Components should have bearers placed at correct positions along their length, in
accordance with the Companys recommendations. Where components are stacked in
rows of more than one high, the bearers to each row should line through vertically, to
avoid damage.
Where special delivery measures have to be employed e.g. the use of A frames or
trestles, these should be adequately fixed or secured to the vehicle and the components
being transported should be securely and properly affixed to the rack or frame. Any
special precautions to be observed whilst the load is in transit, or being unloaded,
should be communicated to the vehicle driver and the Foreman.
When loaded, the components should be properly and adequately secured to the vehicle
to prevent movement during transit, particular attention being paid to loose items, e.g.
angles, timbers, fixings, pointing materials, etc.. It is important when chains or
proprietary straps are used to secure loads that some form of protection is provided to
prevent damage to the chains or straps and to the edges of the precast components. In
addition to the foregoing, small components should have nets or tarpaulins placed over
them to prevent individual items falling from the vehicle, and similar measures should
also apply to loose items.

10.2

Loading Sequence
In order to ensure safe, evenly distributed loads it is not always possible to load
vehicles in the exact erection sequence. What should be achieved, however, is vehicle
sequences corresponding with the general fixing sequence agreed between the Company
and the Contractor.

10.3

Site Access
Before a vehicle arrives on site, the access from the highway onto and around the site
should have been agreed between the Company Representative and the Contractor. The
Foreman should have checked access suitability with the Contractors Site
Representative upon site commencement.

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Notwithstanding the above, the final acceptance of the access and the unloading area
should remain with the vehicle driver, and in these circumstances the driver should
satisfy himself before entering site that his vehicle can travel safely on the access
provided and if deemed necessary, seek assistance.
In all cases the driver should not remove any securing ropes, chains or tarpaulins until
his vehicle is at rest in the area agreed for unloading.

10.4

Unloading
The Foreman should ensure that the correct lifting equipment, and where applicable,
special lifting equipment, is available on site to offload components. As smaller
components are generally delivered on pallets, it is important to ensure therefore that the
correct lifting appliances are available for off-loading, e.g. forks.
The Slinger should ensure that the delivery vehicle is positioned on a level
hardstanding, clear of site debris and within the radius capacity of the site craneage.
The Slinger should also visually inspect all cast in lifting devices to ensure that no
damage has occurred during loading or deliveries.
Components should be unloaded in such a manner that the stability of the delivery
vehicle is not adversely affected. The Slinger should (when necessary) liaise with the
delivery vehicle driver to ascertain the most suitable unloading sequence, particularly
when A frames, or other special delivery frames or racks are being used. When
special frames are used it is important to ensure that the frames are properly anchored to
the delivery vehicle and each unit is independently attached to the frame.

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When components are taken straight from the vehicle to their fixing position, care must
be taken to ensure that any loose packings or protective materials have been removed
and that any nuts, bolts or fittings are secure.
Cladding components which require to be pitched to facilitate erection, should be
lowered to the ground and pitched from there.
When considering large panels, purpose made tilting or turning equipment should be
used to pitch such units (refer to 13.4).
In circumstances where components may have to be lifted or passed over the cab of the
delivery vehicle, the driver should remove himself to a place of safety, until advised by
the Slinger that the lifting operations have ended. Delivery drivers must always wear
the appropriate PPE for the site in question. Where vehicles are off-loaded off site, the
vehicle and surrounding area will be deemed part of the construction site for the
purposes of the PPE Regulations. There should, under no circumstances, be any person
under or adjacent to a load being lifted during unloading operations. All persons not
directly concerned with the lifting operation should be excluded from the unloading
area.

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11.

ON-SITE STORAGE OF COMPONENTS

11.1

Storage at Ground Level

It is generally considered good practice to off-load and erect directly from the unloading
points. However small numbers of cladding components may require short term storage
on site. The arrangements for on site storage will depend upon the individual
component sizes that may require the provision by the Company of suitable storage
frames.
The guidelines for stacking components will generally be similar to those contained in
the previous section of this document. In addition to the precautions to be observed
when stacking, e.g. the position of bearers, care should also be taken to ensure that the
ground or surface on which the components are to be stacked is suitable.
The ground should be firm and level, and wherever possible stacking of components
should be on firm hardcore or oversite concrete. These requirements are of particular
significance for components stacked in an upright manner, involving trestles etc..
The height to which components can be safely stacked on site will be greatly influenced
by the condition of the ground on which they bear. Another prime consideration should
be the height to which a man can reach to pass lifting equipment around the components.
The need to climb onto stacked components to secure lifting equipment must be avoided.
Where additional reach is required, ladders or other suitable means of access should be
used.
If the stacking is planned, the Companys Representative should specify the type and
location of stacking areas to the Contractor, at the time when site access is agreed.
However, when unplanned stacking arises, the Foreman should liaise with the
Contractors Site Representative to find the most suitable stacking area, or to agree other
arrangements.
If the units are to be left stacked for any length of time, consideration should be given to
the practicalities and sequence of their subsequent fixing. Units should be stacked as
near as possible to their final fixed positions to avoid additional handling or transport
hazards.
Whilst the major factors which should dictate the order of stacking are stability and the
nature of the stacking area, the sequence of stacking should, wherever possible, follow
the agreed sequence in which the components will finally be fixed.

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Whenever A frames or racks are used in connection with the site storage of
components, ensure:
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)

They are set on a level hardstanding, clear of site debris.

They are anchored down, if necessary, to ensure stability during loading or
unloading.
They are within the radius capacity of site craneage.
All components are properly secured to the frame or rack and protective
packings are used if a risk of damage exists.

Access to the components for the purpose of affixing or removing restraints or lifting
tackle should be by way of ladders, to deter men from climbing the frame, rack or
component.
In instances where doubt exists concerning any aspect of site stacking, the Foreman or
Companys Representative should refer back to the Company before allowing units to be
stacked.
11.2

Storage above Ground Level

Unfixed components should be stacked at ground level, but on sites with limited area, or
where the type of construction does not allow stacking at ground level, components may
have to be stacked in other designated areas.
The Company Representative should agree with the Contractor all details of storage
above ground level and this must be formally approved. Consideration should be given
to the size and weight of cladding components, access to and around the cladding
components and their protection from damage.
When unplanned stacking occurs, the Foreman shall liaise with the Contractors Site
Representative and the Designers to agree an acceptable method of stacking.
All loads should be lowered gently onto the supporting structure or its components,
avoiding sudden impact which may cause damage.
During stacking operation no unauthorised persons should be allowed within the lifting
area. Under no circumstances should any person be allowed in the vicinity of a load
being lifted (See Section 15)
When stacking components, bearers should run transverse to the span of the floor on
which they bear. Wherever possible bearers should be placed above or adjacent to
main beams.
Where a number of components are to be stacked, they should be spread as far apart
over the floor as possible to avoid concentrated loading.
The Foreman should liaise with the Contractors Site representative to ensure that no
further loads are placed on floors already carrying stacked units e.g. bricks, blocks,
other building materials or plant.

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12.

ACCESS

12.1

General
Access onto and about the structure is normally provided by the contractor, by means of
stairs or scaffolding. However temporary access to fixings etc. in the form of ladders,
tower scaffolds, stagings and power operated mobile platforms is usually provided by
the Company.
The Foreman should visually inspect all means of access provided for use during the
erection process, and any defects noted should be brought to the attention of the
Company, or where appropriate the Contractors Site Representative, so that the
particular item can be replaced, before it is used.
Type of access and working places are summarised in Table 3, pages 64 to 66.

12.1.1 Ladders, step ladders and trestles

Temporary access onto and about the supporting structure will usually take the form of
ladders.
Timber ladders and trestles should be manufactured in compliance with BS1129: 1966.
Aluminium ladders and trestles should be manufactured in compliance with BS2037:
1964.
Ladders should be secured near the tops.
Where a ladder cannot be secured near the top, it should be secured at the lower end, or
footed.
The ladder should extend at least 1.070m above the upper landing level.
The ladder should be inclined at a ratio of 1 to 4.
All ladders and trestles used during the course of cladding erection must comply in all
respects with the provisions of the Construction (Health, Safety and Welfare)
Regulations 1996 and the Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1992.
Ladders and trestles should be inspected before use by the Foreman, and no ladder
should be used which has:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)

a missing, loose or defective rung or tread.

a rung or tread which depends solely for its support on nails, spikes or similar
fixings.
an insecure tie rod.
a defective stile or side member.
any sign of warping.

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The painting of ladders is prohibited under the Construction (Health, Safety and
Welfare) Regulations 1996.
It is recommended that alternative means or methods be provided to prevent work being
carried out from ladders, wherever reasonably practicable to do so. The use of
lightweight mobile scaffold towers and other alternative working platforms should be
fully explored.
Properly secured ladders combined with the use of harnesses, safety belts, static lines,
or anchorage points may also be practicable in certain conditions where the working
height precludes mobile towers.

12.1.2 Mobile scaffold towers

Prefabricated access and working towers should be manufactured in compliance with
BS1139 part 3 1983.
Mobile scaffold towers should be erected on a firm level base in accordance with the
manufacturers recommendation and should meet the conditions of the Construction
(Health, Safety and Welfare) Regulations 1996 and the Provision and Use of Work
Equipment Regulations 1992.
Mobile towers should be fitted with lockable wheels and should only be moved when
the scaffold is unoccupied.
The erection, alteration or dismantling of any scaffold tower should be undertaken by
someone competent to do so, or that person should be supervised by a competent person.
Mobile towers should be inspected before use to ensure:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
j)

there are no damaged or defective parts.

it is constructed to the manufacturers instructions.
the height to base ratio is correct.
the outriggers or stabilisers are correctly positioned and secured.
the tower is vertical, adjustable legs are secure and wheels are locked.
guard rails and toe boards are in place.
recommended means of access is in place.
where a tower is incomplete a warning notice is in place and during use as
follows:
following exposure to weather conditions likely to effect strength and stability.
when they have been erected for more than seven days and weekly thereafter
(recorded on form 91 (1) section A).

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12.1.3 Stagings
When stagings e.g. Youngman type boards, are provided to form temporary access or
working areas, these should be lashed to the structure, or otherwise secured, to prevent
excessive movement or dislodgement. Should it become necessary to move stagings
during the course of the erection process, the Company Representative should designate
a competent person(s) to carry out this work, and he should satisfy himself of the
stability of the staging (s) before recommencing work.

12.1.4 Suspended access equipment

Suspended access equipment may be used to provide a working platform to an area on
the outside of a structure, which is normally inaccessible, for the purpose of final
finishing, cleaning down etc.
The Company Representative will select the type of equipment for the purpose, bearing
in mind the suitability of the permanent structure for carrying loads, the required
capacity of the platform the working area required.
Suspended access equipment may only be erected and dismantled by a competent
person. Before being used, the competent person will test the equipment to ensure that it
is in good working order, will carry out basic operator instruction and will issue a
handover certificate to the Company Representative to be held on site.
Winches and wire ropes used as part of the construction must have a valid test
certificate.
Statutory inspections are required by the Construction (Health, Safety and Welfare)
Regulations 1996 for the platform, and Construction (Lifting Operations) Regulations
1966 for the winching equipment, and should be carried out by a competent person, who
will enter the details on the relevant form (F91 (1) Sections A & C) which will be kept
by the Company Representative.
Suspended access equipment should be used and maintained as recommended by BS
5974 : Code of Practice for Temporarily Installed Suspended Scaffolds and Access
Equipment.
Personnel using the equipment should be trained in its safe use and limitations, the
operation of the safety devices and action to take in case of failure. A full body harness
must be worn by the operator(s) and attached to a suitable anchorage.
The Company Representative should also be aware of these details.

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12.1.5 Power operated mobile work platforms

Power operated mobile work platforms are used to provide a working platform at a
height, usually where shared scaffold has not been provided or where the requirement
for access is of short duration, e.g. finishing, cleaning, pointing, etc.
The platforms range from small mobile tower structures with a self elevating facility to
large lorry mounted hydraulically operated platforms.
When a working platform is to be used, the Company Representative should ensure that
adequate access and working areas are provided in the same way as crane access and
standing areas are agreed.
When selecting the type of working platform to be used, the Company Representative
should consider:
i

the working area required.

ii.

the height to be attained and restrictions.

iii.

the reach required.

iv.

the capacity.

v.

the terrain.

vi.

working environment.

Working platforms can be self propelled, static, or vehicle mounted. If the working
platform is self propelled, the route across site should be chosen with care, avoiding
uneven surfaces, obstructions (similar procedure to that for cranes - 9.2 refers) and
wherever necessary additional hard-core or similar measures should be implemented to
minimise the unevenness of the site.
Power operated mobile work platforms should be operated and maintained in
accordance with BS 7171.
Only persons appointed by the Company, who are trained and Certificated in the safe
operation and maintenance of this equipment, should be allowed to operate it.
The following precautions should be observed when operating a working platform.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)

do not exceed the safe working load.

ensure that the working platform is properly positioned, and is level, with
outriggers (when fitted) fully extended.
ensure the travelling area is clear.
do not travel with the platform elevated unless the appliance is designed to
permit this.
do not use the working platform as a jack or prop.
do not tow another vehicle.

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SEPTEMBER 1998
g)
h)
i)

carry out daily and periodic checks as per the manufacturers instructions.
do not use the working platform in wind conditions likely to affect stability
(The maximum height/wind speed data are available from the supplier).
A full body harness must be worn by the operator(s) and attached to a suitable
anchorage.

A six monthly inspection should be carried out by a competent person, who will issue a
certificate to state that the working platform is safe for use.
12.2

Scaffolding
The provision of scaffolds etc. is subject to the construction (Health, Safety and
Welfare) Regulations 1996 and BS 5973 : Code of Practice for Access and Working
Scaffolds.
The Company Representative will consult with Contractors Site Representative to
agree the basic details of the scaffolding, the area affected, the implications and any
special arrangements to be made.
The Company Representative will give a clear instruction to the scaffold designer,
preferably in writing, with basic information regarding:
i.

The use to which the scaffold will be put.

ii.

The number of boarded lifts required.

iii.

The maximum loading on each lift.

iv.

The method of access.

v.

Any special requirements.

vi.

Protection required.

There should also be a clear instruction that the scaffold will comply with the
Construction (Health, Safety and Welfare) Regulations 1996.
Where the Company Representative is responsible for appointing the scaffold company,
he shall satisfy himself as to the competence of that company to carry out the work.
The erection Company will provide a competent person who will oversee the erection,
check the suitability of materials and ensure compliance with the Regulations and the
companys requirements.
The Company Representative will obtain a handover certificate signed by the competent
person, stating the scaffolds compliance with the Regulations.

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The Company Representative/Foreman will inspect any scaffold before his men work
on it, to satisfy himself that it complies with the regulations, in particular he should
check that:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
j)

Proper access has been provided to the scaffold platform.

All uprights are vertical and have base plates or will be prevented in some other
way from slipping or sinking.
No uprights, ledgers, braces or struts have been removed.
The scaffold is secured to the building in enough places to prevent collapse and
no ties have been removed since the scaffold was erected.
There are sufficient boards on all working platforms.
All boards are free from obvious defect and are arranged to avoid trips.
There are warning notices to prohibit the use of any scaffold that is incomplete.
At every side where a person can fall more than 2 metres, the platforms,
gangways and runs are provided with guard-rails, intermediate guard-rails and
toe boards.
The person responsible for carrying out the inspections has done so and that they
are recorded.
Every ladder is in good condition and free from obvious defect and is secured
correctly.

The Company Representative will ensure that:

Once the scaffold has been erected for more than 7 days, it is inspected by a competent
person and details of that inspection are entered on the relevant form, (F91(1) Section
A) kept on site and available for inspection.
Where a scaffold has been exposed to severe weather conditions which are likely to
have affected the integrity of the structure, a similar inspection and report should be
made.

12.3

Edge Protection
The responsibility for providing protective measures at the edges and openings should
be clearly defined and recorded before work commences.
It is usual for edge protection to be provided by way of an Attendance by the Contractor,
and in such circumstances the Foreman and Supervisor should liaise with Contractors
Site Representative so that precise requirements and timing can be agreed.
In all cases the Foreman must ensure that his operatives are not subjected to an
unacceptable level of risk, and if necessary cladding erection should be suspended until
protective measures have been installed. Whenever work is suspended the Foreman
must advise the Company of the situation.

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The operatives engaged in the erection of the precast cladding must not remove or in any
way interfere with any protective measures provided by the Contractor or others,
without prior consultation.
Should protective measures require maintenance, removal, or adaptation the Foreman
must liaise with the Contractors Site Representative for the latter to assign an
experienced competent person to execute such works. Should it be necessary for
operatives to work beyond the safety of edge protection then full body harnesses must be
used, attached to a suitable anchorage.
In circumstances where the company provide their own protective measures at edges or
openings, the role of the Foreman and Company Representative are unaffected, other
than they will liaise with scaffolding sub-contractors, or the Companys plant or stores
department.
All measures provided, irrespective of their origins, must comply with the requirements
of the Construction (Health, Safety and Welfare) Regulations 1996.

12.4

Work at Roof Level

In order to protect operatives from the hazards created by open edges, suitable guardrails should be provided, and measures similar to those already described in earlier
sections of this document should be implemented.
If operatives are required to work from roof components such as rafters, the Company
should fully investigate the use of safety belts or harnesses in conjunction with static
lines or secure anchorages. Safety nets or decking should also be considered.
The selection of personnel who are required to work at heights should be carefully
considered, and only experienced competent persons should be engaged in such work.
The use of stagings can greatly improve safety at roof level, and they should be properly
and adequately secured and wherever possible, be fitted with handrails. Persons
working from stagings at roof level should also be protected by full body harnesses and
a static line or anchorage.
When work at roof level has been completed, all stagings and anchorage should be
carefully removed and lowered to the ground, and all means of access to roof level
should be removed.

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Types of Access and Working Places

Method

Examples of use

Some conditions for use

References

Comment

A Temporary
Ladders
Vertical

Access up columns

Securely fixed along length; capable of safe

removal

BS1129
BS2037

Fix to column prior to erection, preferably on faces within building line. Ladders
and stepladders should be of good construction without defects; space to be
allowed for toes behind ladder.
Where possible, max length without resting place 9m

Inclined

General access to heights

Securely fixed and foounded.

Slope to be 1 in 4

BS1129
BS2037

Means of securely fixing, such as a lanyard, should be attached to the ladder

Step ladder

Short duration, low work

Good base
positions only

BS1129
BS2037

Firm and level surfaces, stable base:

Operators/erectors should be specially trained
in use:

BS5323
(Scissor lifts
only)
Manufacturers
instructions

Erection should be planned so that , for instance, previously erected pieces will
not hinder the operation.
Ground conditions for both use and access to the point of use should be
satisfactory;
Gives increased speed of access;
Can enable some connections to be made in poor weather, that may not
otherwise be possible.

Power operated mobile work platforms

Telescopic
Boom
Articulated Arm
Single Arm

Access to, and making

connections (particularly for
short duration work, such as
sag bars); Inspection of
completed or partially
completed work

Maximum load clearly indicated

Scissor Lifts
Other mobile platforms
Manriding skips

Cranes should have dead-mans handle

Access to, and making,
connections on an open
structure (particularly beams
to columns);

BS2830

Limitations on carrying material inside skip;

It is recommended that cranes should have power loaded lowering.
Maximum load clearly indicated.

Tower scaffolds

Making connections
(particularly lower level and
roof)

Firm foundation;
Sound, even surface;
Erected by competent persons only;
Height to base with ration can be critical and
should be checked for stability;
Safe means of access to working places.

BS1139
BS5973

Ready made, movable access as well as a working place.

Tower may need to be secured.

Suspended
cradles

Remedial work on
completed structure

Outriggers to be of adequate length and

correctly counterweighted

BS5974

Maximum load clearly indicated. Fall arrest device, on secondary safety rope,
to be provided where possible.

Only to be used if access from immediately

below the connection is unreasonable.

BS2830

If Bosuns Chair is used, occupant should be secured to the suspension rope.

Bosuns Chair and Making connections where

safety chair
access from above is
required.

Table3 cont
Method

Types of Access and Working Places

Examples of use

Some conditions for use

References

Comment

Non-mobile platforms
Common or
proprietary
scaffolds

Construction of ladder
access towers.

Properly constructed under the supervision of a

competent person;
Inspected regularly by a competent person;
Should be capable of being dismantled safely.

BS1139
BS5973

Users of scaffolds should be able to recognise defects;

May be erected with workpiece to avoid constructing the working platform
height; Consideration to be given to the need to dismantle.

Purpose built
platform (i.e.
fabricated)

At connections where a
large number of fasteners
require fixing;
At eaves level in timber
house construction;
Circular steel tank
construction

Fabricated platforms need to be properly

designed and constructed; must be capable of
being removed safely;
Method of connection to supporting members
should not allow accidental release or removal

BS5950

Removable platforms can be lifted (empty) for reuse at a new location;

Fixed platforms can be attached to work piece (e.g. to top of column) prior to
erection.

Access runs and other platforms (i.e. components)

Lightweight
staging

General access;
Working place;
More than one unit may be
required to provide sufficient
width for intended use

Must be adequately supported;

Must not be able to move (or slide)
inadvertently;
Edge protection should be provided;
Safety harnesses or belts may be required if
working below guard rail level;
Should be moved only from a safe position.

BS1129
BS2037

Can provide ready made decking which can be moved readily;

Width can be increased by providing extra units;
Requires fewer supports than scaffold boards;
May need securing against movement.

Scaffold boards

As above

Must be sound boards.

BS2482

A regular check on condition is advised. may need securing against movement.

Edge protection

At edges of access runs

and working platforms

Securely fixed;
Adequate to take loads

BS5950
BS6180

Clips which could open up under load should not be used; Proprietary systems
are available; Types which can be fitted before erection are recommended.

Table3 cont
Method

Types of Access and Working Places

Examples of use

Some conditions for use

References

Comment

Personal protective methods

Safety nets

When it is not practicablle

to provide safety harness,
belts or dafety lines as fall
arrest equipment.

For short duration work, or the nature of the

work requires it to be removed to allow the
movement of materials.

BS8093
BSEN1263-2
BS3913
BSEN1263-1
1977

Nets must be installed as close as possible to the working level, to minimise

the fall distance. The maximum permitted fall distance is 6 metres.
Consideration should be given to the effects of one or two workers falling
separately or together and there must be adequate clearance below the net to
accommodate its stretching on impact. Consideration should also be given to
the rescue of fallen workers.

Safety harnesses
and belts

Making connections when

no other means of assuring
a safe place is practicable

Means of anchorage must be provided;

Correct length of lanyard to be used;
To be used only if a suitable platform cannot
be provided.

BSEN354
BSEN355
BSEN358
BSEN361-365
Manufacturers
instructions

The use of harnesses is preferred as this reduces injuries should a fall occur;
Harnesses or belts, which incorporate tool frogs and pouches encourage their
use:
Competent person to check and maintain.

Safety lines

For the attachment of safety

harness or belt lanyards.

Effective anchorages required;

Whole system should be designed for loads
which it is expected to take safely.

BSEN353
BSEN355
BSEN362-365
BS5062

Could be inertia reel type or taut wire;

Use recommended only if direct fixing for lanyard is not possible.

Safety eyebolt

To secure lanyard of safety

harness or belt in, for
example, concrete or
masonry

Secure fixing point essential

BSEN795

Security of eyebolt should be checked before use.

Walkways and
Stairways

General access

Edge protection must be adequate;

Grating or flooring units must have flush finish
and be securely fixed;
They must be maintained in a fit condition and
be checked regularly.

BS4592
BS6180

All permanent walkways, ladders and steps should be erected as early as

possible; temporary guard rails should be used, if the permanent rails are not
available (fixings may need to be built in for temporary provisions); Permit to
work system may be necessary for removal of gratings and boards.

Ladders

General access to height

sometimes in confined
spaces

Permanent fittings should be securely fixed

before use

BS4211

B Permanen

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SEPTEMBER 1998

13.

MOVEMENT OF UNITS BY OTHER MEANS

13.1

Barring
Cladding components should be positioned as near as possible to their finally fixed
position upon the structure to minimise the operation of secondary movement. However,
the use of pinch or crow bars to move components into their final position is common to
all types of cladding.
When moving components, care must be taken to ensure that the units are not damaged.
In addition, care must be taken to avoid any damage or movement in the bearing on
which the components are seated.
Components should be positioned or moved by a succession of small movements. No
attempt should be made to slide or lift units for distances which would cause the
person(s) involved in the operation to lose their balance, or to hold excessive weight on
a bar.
In whatever situation bars are used, there are basic precautions which must be observed.
The bar itself should be of sound construction and of adequate strength. The end of the
bar should be shaped such that it can gain maximum purchase onto the component to be
moved, and the heel of the bar should be able to fully bear onto the component or surface
being barred against.
Brickwork, blockwork or other masonry should not be used to provide a surface to bar
against, and where a possibility of damage to other surfaces exists, protective measures
should be employed to prevent spalling or fracture.

13.2

Jacking
Jacks are sometimes used in a number of situations during cladding erection. It is
important to ensure that jacking is carried out in a safe and proper manner, using correct
equipment.
Whenever jacks are used, they should be of adequate strength and capacity to safely
raise and hold the load. Steel or hardwood wedges should be used to provide an
additional safeguard when a component is required to remain raised for some time.
When jacking up a component, the Foreman should ensure that the jack is sited on a firm
level base. If jacking from a floor, he should ensure by reference to the Contractors
Representative, that the floor is capable of safely supporting the jack and the weight of
any load being raised.
Components should only be raised a few millimetres by this means, greater lifts or
movement should be undertaken by lifting appliances.

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Where jacks are employed to apply side thrust to components, purpose-made jacks
should be used and the Foreman must ensure that the component is capable of
withstanding the load imposed by the jack, by reference to the Company if necessary.
In all cases, jacks must be used in compliance with the instructions and
recommendations of the manufacturer. The Foreman should conduct regular visual
examinations of jacking equipment. Any defective items should not be used.

13.3

Chain Blocks, Tirfors etc

This equipment should be anchored to a suitable safe point which is capable of
counteracting the weight of the component being pulled or lifted, without risk of damage
or movement.
The Company Representative must ensure that any anchorage meets the above criteria, if
necessary by reference to the Company or Contractor for technical information. This
equipment must be used in strict accordance with the recommendations and instructions
of the manufacturer, and the Foreman should ensure that any operative using such a
device is competent and understands its correct use.
This equipment is subject to the provision of the Construction (Lifting Operations)
Regulations and is required to be examined, tested and recorded in the same manner as
other lifting appliances.
The safe working load (SWL) indicated on pull lifts and Tirfors usually relates to the
load that can be lifted. The load that can be pulled is usually greater than that which can
be lifted. Where loads are to be pulled, consideration should be given to:
the weight of the item
the surface over which it is to be pulled
the gradient
the quality/integrity of the anchorage points
and reference should be made to the manufacturers guidelines before selecting the
pulling appliance.

13.4

Tilting Tables and Pitching Frames

Tilting tables, rotating tables or pitching frames may be used to assist in the handling of
cladding components, which by nature of their size or construction cannot be offered up
for installation direct from a flat attitude.
There is no standard pattern of tilting/rotating table or pitching frame. However, no
matter what type of device is used there will be certain common functional
characteristics. All tables and frames should be designed to be of sound construction
and capable of safely withstanding the weight and forces imposed during the tilting,
rotation, or

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pitching operation. There should be provided suitable adequate measures to lock the
table or frame in position during the transfer (if necessary) of lifting equipment from
table or frame to the precast component, or at any other time during the lifting operation.
Suitable locations should be agreed between the Company and Contractors
Representatives for the operation of the tilting table/pitching frame during the course of
the works, with due regard to crane access.
Tilting tables or pitching frames should be so designed and constructed that there is no
need for an operative to pass or work under the component whilst it is elevated on the
table or frame.
The Company Representative must ensure that all operatives engaged in the use of such
equipment are competent and familiar with their operation.
The Foreman should also conduct regular inspections of the table or frame whilst in use
to ensure that its safe operation is not impaired as a result of damage or defect.
Although not classified as a lifting device, it is recommended that the safe working load
of the table or frame is indicated on the equipment.

13.5

Bogies
In situations where units cannot be transported directly to the lifting facility by the
delivery vehicle i.e. within or through the structure, bogies are often used as the
secondary form of transport.
The construction of bogies will vary according to their requirements, but the basics will
remain the same. They must be designed and constructed to be of sufficient size, strength
and stability to safely support the weight of the component during loading, transportation
and unloading.
During transportation the precast component should be suitably positioned upon and, if
necessary, secured to the bogie to create a stable load. Care should be taken to avoid
damage to the component or the structure from impact due to a direct collision or from
excessive unevenness of the floor surface.
The route across a floor should be planned in advance by the Company Representative
and Foreman and agreed with the Contractor to ensure that the floor is of sufficient load
bearing capacity and will be clear and free of obstructions and debris etc.

13.6

Manual Handling

13.6.1 Manual Handling Operations Regulations 1992

These regulations should not be considered in isolation, but read in conjunction with the
Management of Health and Safety at Work Regs 1992, which require employers to
provide suitable and sufficient assessment of the risks to the health and safety of their
employees while at work.

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Definition
Manual Handling means the transporting or supporting of a load, lifting, putting down,
pushing, pulling carrying or moving of a load by hand.
General Provisions
General Provisions - employers must take appropriate measures to avoid the need for
manual handling by using mechanical equipment, and where manual handling cannot be
avoided, then the risks must be reduced.
Organisation - where manual handling cannot be avoided, the employer must organise
the workstations to make handling as safe as possible and assess the conditions of the
type of work involved, the environment and the activity.
Information and Training - employers must ensure that workers receive, where possible,
precise information on the weight of the load and its centre of gravity (where necessary).
Workers must also receive proper training on how to handle loads correctly.
Consultation - employers must have consultation and participation of workers.
The Duties of Employers:
1.

Each employer shall:

a)

So far as is reasonably practicable avoid the need for employees to undertake

manual handling which involves a risk of injury; or
Where it is not reasonably practicable employers must make suitable and
sufficient assessment of all such manual handling operations; and
Following such assessments, take steps to reduce the risk of injury to the lowest
level reasonably practicable; and
Provide employees indications of and where reasonably practicable precise
information on:

b)
c)
d)

i.

The weight of the load; and

ii.

The centre of gravity where there is a heavier side to the load

2.

Assessments shall be reviewed where:

a)
b)

There is reason to suspect the assessment is no longer valid;

There has been a significant change in the manual handling operation.

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Regulation 5
The duties of employees:
1.

Each employee shall:

a)

Take reasonable care for their own health and safety and that of others who may
be affected by their activities.
Co-operate with their employer to enable him to comply with his health and
safety duties; and
Make full and proper use of equipment or system of work provided.

b)
c)

13.6.2 Safe Handling

The manual handling, lifting and carrying of loads is one of the major causes of injuries
within the Construction Industry resulting in a diversity of conditions ranging through
strains, sprains, wounds, fractures and hernias
No man should carry a load so heavy as to be likely to cause him injury. Wherever the
load is too heavy or awkward, two or more men should lift it together.
When walking with a load, a person should first ensure that there are no voids or
obstructions on his route, and at no time should the load being carried obstruct the
persons vision.
When the distance that components, tools or materials are to be carried is excessive, the
person(s) involved should stop and rest at suitable intervals, and no attempt should be
made to adjust handholds whilst the load is being carried.
When two or more operatives are carrying a component, one should give signals for
lifting or lowering, and all operatives should lift or lower the object simultaneously
upon being given the signal to do so.
A proper grip should be kept on all loads being carried, and where appropriate, gloves
should be used to protect the hands and improve grip.
Objects should be lifted with care and placed carefully into position, avoiding nipping
or trapping of fingers and hands. This precaution should also be observed when placing
shims or packings under the components and wherever possible shims and packings
should be pushed into place with a probe, rule or the like.

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14.

SEPTEMBER 1998
ADDITIONAL ON SITE WORKS
Elements of this section will involve the use or production of substances hazardous to
health. Due consideration should be given to the relevant manufacturers health and
safety data sheets and in particular the following statutory regulations:
Management of Health and Safety at Work Regs. 1992.
Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regs. 1992
P.P.E. Regs 1992
C.O.S.H.H. Regs 1994
The Construction (Health, Safety and Welfare) Regs. 1996.
Electricity at Work Regs. 1989.
Noise at Work Regs. 1989.

14.1

Temporary Propping
Where fixing details dictate that precast units rely upon other panels for their restraint it
is often the case that temporary restraint is required until further units have been erected.
An example of this would be the top restraint to a mullion unit which is fixed to the
bottom of a spandrel unit, which sits above and is positively restrained and supported
by the structure.
This temporary restraint is normally provided in the form of push/pull props which are
attached to the rear of the unit via cast in sockets and bolts and to the floor slab via
drilled in fixings. The propping height in the precast panel must always be above mid
height and preferably as close to the top of the unit as is practicable. The fixings into the
slab should be positioned to achieve a propping angle of between 45 and 60 to the
horizontal.
The precise detail of propping angles and number of props should be determined by the
Designer, together with the sequence of installing and dismantling temporary propping
which should also be included in the Safe Working Method Statement for the work.

14.2

Insitu Concrete
Insitu concrete work must be executed in accordance with the Working Drawings and
Safe Working Method Statement.
Insitu concrete used in connection with precast cladding is usually a means of providing
a permanent connection to the supporting structure or adjacent precast component
incorporating the use of formwork and temporary support from propping, until the insitu
concrete achieves the required strength.
When formwork is used, this must be of sufficient strength to support its own weight, and
that of the concrete, together with reinforcement and the weight of any operatives or
plant engaged in the work. Formwork should be designed, constructed and erected by
competent persons and should be closely examined before, during and after the placing
of concrete, in accordance with the requirements of current recommendations and
legislation (see BS5975 1996 - Code of Practice for Falsework).

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Where props are used to support the formwork these should be designed by a competent
person with due regard to number and position and installed as directed by the Designer.
Formwork and temporary props should only be removed after the concrete has achieved
sufficient strength, and the curing time allowed should be as stated by the Designer.
Whilst insitu work is in progress, the Foreman should ensure that the area beneath the
work being executed is kept clear of all personnel.

14.3

Dry Packing and Grouting

The procedures for dry packing and grouting are similar to those for insitu concrete
stitching. The Safe Working Method Statement and Working Drawings should be
referred to for the mix specification and joint details.
Proprietary premixed mortar materials can be used or alternatively mortars may be
mixed on site from dry materials, i.e. sand, cement and expanding agent if required.
For mixing points which are not local to the installation area the drypack or grout mortar
is normally transported by crane and skip or hoist and barrow. Skips should be
specifically designed for the purpose and particular care should be taken when lifting
the skip through other elements of the supporting structure to overcome the possibility of
collision or entanglement.

14.4

Jointing
The procedure for jointing works should again be carried out in accordance with the
Working Drawings and Safe Working Method Statement which determines the material
specification and joint details. Although open drained and filled joint systems are
available, it is the latter which is most commonly used. This system involves an
external filler of sealant (polysulphide or silicone) normally gun applied onto primed
surfaces and invariably requires a safe means of external access, e.g scaffolding,
cradles, etc. Additionally internal seals of proprietary preformed strip material are
commonly used, which are installed as cladding erection proceeds from within the
supporting structure.
In all instances the seal material must be handled and used in accordance with the
manufacturers recommendations.

14.5

Insulation and Fire-stops

These materials are generally of a proprietary preformed strip and are installed from
within the supporting structure as cladding erection proceeds.

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14.6

SEPTEMBER 1998
Final Finishing and Cleaning Down
Upon completion of an area of cladding and prior to handover to the Contractor, final
finishing and cleaning down are carried out. These works should be carried out in
accordance with the Safe Working Method Statement, which determines the material
specification and safe means of external access which should be provided for these
operations.

14.7

Drilling and Cutting

Cutting and drilling works may be required from time to time in connection with the
cladding or its supporting structure.
Drilling and cutting are prescribed operations under the terms of the P.P.E Regulations
1992 and as such it places a legal duty upon operatives to wear eye protectors whilst
drilling and cutting. These Regulations refer to approved eye protectors and therefore
the Company must ensure eye protectors issued for use are of a type meeting the
requirements of the relevant British Standard BS EN 166, 167 or 168.
Drilling and/or cutting components on site should be carried out only by experienced
personnel, using the correct drilling, cutting and protective equipment. Safe access to
the work area and a safe working area are required. If using electrical equipment the
current Electricity at Work Regulations should be observed and also HSE Guidance
Note HS(R)25.
Attention should be paid to the immediate area around the work area in which drilling
and/or cutting is to be carried out. Barriers and warning notices should be posted,
indicating drilling and/or cutting is in progress.
Unforeseen drilling and/or cutting requirements should be referred to the Company by
the Foreman, for clarification by a responsible person prior to the work being carried
out. Any structural implications must be assessed by the Designer.
The Foreman must ensure that drilling and cutting positions are accurately set out before
allowing the work to commence. He should also ensure that the person carrying out the
work is wearing correct protective clothing and equipment.
The principal methods of cutting components on site are with a hammer and a bolster
chisel, electric powered portable percussion tool or hand held portable concrete saw
utilising a carborundum or a diamond blade.
Whatever method is adopted, the person carrying out the cutting must be experienced and
Certificated in accordance with current regulations if using the portable saw method.
Care must be observed to ensure the component is not damaged as a result of cutting to
an extent which will have a detrimental effect upon the structural performance of the
component.

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The Company has a legal responsibility to ensure that any person who uses a concrete
saw including the changing of abrasive wheels or discs has attended a course of
instruction and has a current certificate in the safe handling and usage of abrasive
wheels as prescribed in The Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regs 1992 and the
Abrasive Wheel Regulations Regs 1970 and is appointed by the Company.
Where possible, drilling and cutting should be carried out in the open air and away from
other people. Attention should be given to the area around the operation to avoid
inconvenience and danger to other work people and the public and great care should be
taken to prevent hazards from falling debris.
Precast concrete components should not be cut by persons other than the Companys
employees, qualified as previously described, without reference to and authority from
the Company. In all cases care must be taken to avoid damage to other components or
work near to the component being cut.

14.8

Welding and Cutting of Steel

Method Statements, Risk Assessments and Safe Working Practices should be drawn up
before any welding or cutting operations are executed, and following reference to:
HSG 118 Electrical Safety in ARC Welding
BSEN 585 Gas Welding and Cutting Processes
Confined Spaces Regs 1997
Permits to work for hot works are mandatory on most construction sites.
Welding operations envisaged at the design stage should be identified on Working
Drawings, and welding specification details should also be communicated either in
separate form or as notation on drawings. Welding which arises during the course of
cladding erection should be brought to the attention of the Designer before it is executed.
The Designer should ensure that all welded joints, or the like, are accessible and that
attainable tolerances are allowed for welded work.
Particular care should be taken when welding and the following regulations, which
should be consulted, contain requirements which apply to welding processes.
Electricity at Work Regulations 1989.
Highly Flammable Liquids and Liquefied Petroleum Gases Regulations 1972.
Various British Standards cover welding equipment and protective clothing.
equipment provided should be to the appropriate British Standard.

All

Health and Safety Executive Guidance Note EH55 gives information on the health risks
associated with welding processes.

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SEPTEMBER 1998
Other information on welding safety is available from suppliers booklets, e.g. BOC
Safe Under Pressure - Guidelines for all who work with Cylinder Gases.
Site welding and cutting is a specialised operation, which should be undertaken only by
operatives who have undergone a course of training, are in the opinion of the Company
competent to carry out welding operations and are Certificated if necessary in the
appropriate classes. The Company Representative must ensure that welding is carried
out only by trained operatives.

14.8.1 Electric Arc Welding

Under normal site conditions welding generators will be used in preference to mains
electricity.
14.8.2 Flame Cutting
Flame cutting may arise during the course of cladding erection, which by its nature, will
not have been envisaged at the design stage and all instances must therefore be referred
by the Foreman to the Contractor and/or designer such that any structural implications
can be assessed prior to execution.
14.9

Cartridge Operated Tools

The use of cartridge powered tools in connection with precast concrete erection is
usually concerned with the fixing of ties, angles and the like to components.
It is a requirement of the Construction (Health, Safety and Welfare) Regs. 1996 that
suitable and sufficient steps are taken to ensure that no person is exposed to risk of
injury from explosion or from any projected material.
Any person using a cartridge powered tool should be properly trained and Certificated.
All training should be carried out in close liaison with the cartridge tool manufacturer,
and should new types of equipment be brought into use, the Company must ensure that
training in their use has been properly carried out.
Cartridge powered tools should not be fired into concrete or masonry near the edge of
the work or component, nor into materials or objects through which the projectile could
pass. Projectiles should not be fired into resilient materials which could cause ricochet
or swerving, and particular care must be taken to avoid steel reinforcement when firing
into concrete work or components.
Cartridge powered tools must be used and cartridges stored and disposed of in strict
accordance with the manufacturers recommendations.
Cartridge tools must not be used without written permission from a senior Company
Representative.

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15.6

PROTECTION OF THIRD PARTIES

15.1

Other Trades or Persons on Site

The Work Area associated with the cladding erection should be designated a prohibited
area to all persons, other than those engaged in the erection of the cladding or those
persons authorised by the Contractor. This prohibition should be actively enforced by
the Contractor, and the Foreman should co-operate with the Contractor to ensure that
barriers, notices, or the like are not removed or obscured.
The Foreman should ensure that all reasonable steps are taken to avoid components
being hoisted over areas where other persons are working. Where this is impracticable
he should liaise with the Contractors Site Representative to identify persons at risk for
appropriate steps to be taken by the Contractor.
Operatives engaged in the erection of the Cladding should at all times execute their work
with a due regard for the safety and health of other workers or persons. They should
observe and comply with the Safe Working Method Statement in force on any particular
contract insofar as such rules or requirements affect their operations, and they should
also comply with any rules or requirements imposed by the Contractor.
Care should also be exercised when removing lifting equipment from components, and
the Signaller (Banksman)/Slinger involved in the lifting operation should ensure that the
area around and beneath the component is clear of all personnel before allowing chains,
ropes, lifting devices or the like to be released.
The Foreman should ensure that the Work Area is kept clean and tidy so far as this is
reasonably practicable, and at the end of the working day the area should be left free of
debris and materials, which should be cleared to a central area designated by the
Contractor or removed by him if he is to provide such attendance.
The Foreman must ensure that the components are fixed in accordance with the Working
Drawings, and that no defects or omissions which could affect the safety of following
trades or other persons are evident.

15.2

Members of the Public

The lifting of components and materials may present a hazard to the public, especially
where the delivery vehicle is unloaded from the public highway. When unloading from
the public highway, the Contractor should obtain the necessary statutory permissions and
the area used for off loading should be designated a prohibited area to all persons other
than those engaged in the installation of the cladding.
The Contractor should provide all necessary cones, warning barriers, notices, traffic
signs and lighting to allow the safe passage of pedestrians and road traffic. It may be
required that the prohibited area is policed.

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During the course of the lifting operation the Signaller/Banksman must ensure that
members of the public are not in the vicinity of the suspended load or lifting equipment.
On sites where the building operations are in close proximity to public places or
highways, additional care must be taken to prevent materials or debris falling from the
works. Where the Contractor has provided measures to prevent such falls, or to protect
the public, the operatives engaged in the erection of the cladding must not remove or
interfere with these measures in any way whatsoever.
When the installation involves the operation of a crane in third parties air space, the
contractor should obtain the necessary permissions and ensure that the appropriate steps
are taken to protect third parties and the public in these areas.
Any debris or material which falls from delivery vehicles must be removed from the
public highway, or public areas, and the area left clean and hazard free.
The Foreman should liaise and co-operate in all respects with the Contractors Site
Representative, to ensure compliance with any measures, provisions or rules previously
agreed with the Contractor, or with any statutory provisions for the protection of the
public.

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STANDARD HEALTH, SAFETY AND WELFARE ATTENDANCES

REQUIRED ON SUB-CONTRACTS FOR THE SUPPLY AND INSTALLATION
OF PRECAST CONCRETE CLADDING AND COMPONENTS
This document forms part and should be read in conjunction with the
ACA Code of Practice for the Safe Erection of Precast Concrete Cladding, available
from the Architectural Cladding Association, 60 Charles Street, Leicester LE1 1FB
The Attendances contained herein shall be provided on site by the Contractor for the precast
concrete cladding sub-contractors use, free of charge, and shall comply with the requirements
of the Health and Safety at Work etc. Act and supporting Regulations (Where no Contractor
exists all references to the Contractor shall mean the precast concrete cladding sub-contractors
client).
1.

ACCESS AND HARDSTANDING

1.1

The Contractor shall provide and maintain hard access roads, onto and around the site
and also hardstandings, entirely suitable for the operations and for the safe passage and
working of cranes and delivery vehicles. Maintenance of the same should take into
account deterioration due to adverse weather, continued use, etc.
For the guidance of the Contractor, the precast cladding sub-contractor shall provide
information regarding the delivery vehicles and cranes on which their Quotations are
based.

1.2

Should road signs, bollards, etc., or police permission be required in connection with
such access, then the provision of, or application for them, as the case may be, shall be
the responsibility of the Contractor.

1.3

Where erection operations are to be carried out from the public highway, all road signs,
traffic control and the like, and necessary permissions, shall be the responsibility of the
Contractor.

1.4

Where craneage or any other type of lifting appliance is to be provided by the

Contractor, it must be adequate for the purpose and the precast cladding sub-contractor
shall be afforded unrestricted use whenever required, including the use of a trained
operator and signaller where applicable.

1.5

Where craneage is working the Contractor must consider the work area to be a
prohibited area and ensure that adequate precautions are taken to protect other trades
and members of the public.

2.

AERIAL OBSTRUCTIONS

2.1

The Contractor shall be responsible for the re-routing, removal and/or making safe prior
to the arrival on site of the precast cladding sub-contractor of any aerial obstructions
which are likely to foul or hinder a crane boom or suspended load, and also for their
subsequent replacement. He shall be responsible also for the protection of power lines
or other services and, where applicable, the issue of notifications to third parties.

2.2

Where permission is required to operate within the air space of third parties,
appropriate authority shall be obtained by the Contractor.

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3.

SEPTEMBER 1998
GENERAL
The Contractor shall provide the following:

3.1

Level and grid datums at each floor level adjacent to fixing positions

3.2

Clearance of debris etc. to facilitate movement of equipment and access to fixing points.

3.4

Accurate and properly prepared fixing positions, marking out, forming, drilling of all
holes, mortices, pockets etc., for bolts, dowels or similar type fixing, casting-in sockets
in insitu concrete and/or steelwork.

3.3

A cradle or alternative for sealant works, cleaning down and any minor finishing items

3.5

Any necessary protection and cleaning once agreed sectional completion/phased areas
or the whole of the works have been handed over for acceptance.

4.

SCAFFOLDING

4.1

Scaffolding to the perimeter of working areas, together with handrails, guard-rails,

platforms or stages required for access and/or to prevent operatives falling more than 2
metres shall be provided and installed by the Contractor.

4.2

Access to working areas shall be provided by the Contractor and should be by way of
stairways, ramps, ladders, mobile towers or the like, properly constructed, maintained,
secured and illuminated.

WELFARE

5.1

All welfare facilities shall be afforded to the precast cladding sub-contractor by way of
an attendance by the Contractor, including:
a)

Shared welfare facilities, sanitary accommodation and use of messrooms

b)

110 volt electricity supply

c)

Water supply

d)

Space for offices with provision for temporary lighting supply and storage.

e)

General Safety Lighting

f)

Clearing away rubbish from agreed location on completion.

If the Contractor shall fail to make available any of the facilities above stipulated to be
provided by him, the precast cladding sub-contractor may at his sole option suspend
work on the contract until the required facility has been made available.
Any delay in the performance of the works arising from such suspension shall not be
deemed a failure on the precast cladding sub-contractors part to proceed with the
works in accordance with the provisions of his sub-contract, and he shall be entitled to
claim against the Contractor in respect of any loss, damage or expense he may have
suffered by reason of the Contractors default or the delay caused thereby.

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