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9V BATTERY BACKUP
A 9V battery is connected across the circuit. When the AC is not
available then the required voltage is supplied by the battery to the
circuit.
NIGHT LAMP
This circuit automatically turns on a night lamp when bedroom
light is switched OFF. The lamp remains ON until sensor senses
daylight in the morning. A super bright white LED is used as the
night lamp. It gives bright and cool light in the room.
MORNING ALARM
An alarm gives a warning signal to let people know that something
has happened. When the sensor detects the daylight in the morning,
a melodious morning alarm sounds.
OPERATION:
A light dependent resistor or photo resistor is a resistor whose
resistance decreases with increasing incident light intensify. It can
also be referenced as a photoconductor. A photo resistor is made of
a high resistance semiconductor. If light falling on the device is of
high enough frequency, photons absorbed by the semiconductor
give bound electrons enough energy to jump into the conduction
band. The resulting free electrons conduct electricity, thereby
lowering resistance.
APPLICATION:
Photo resistors come in many different types. Inexpensive cadmium
sulfide ceils can be found in many consumer items such as camera
light meters, streetlights, clock radios, alarms, and outdoor clocks.
They are also used in some dynamic compressors together with a
small incandescent lamp or light emitting diode to control gain
reduction.
Lead sulfide (PbS) and infirm antimonite (InSb) LDRs (light
deponent resistor) are used for the mid infrared spectral region. Ge:
Cu photoconductors are among the best far-infrared detectors
available, and are used for infrared astronomy and infrared
spectroscopy.
WORKING:
This circuit is powered from a standard 0-9v transformer. Diodes
D1 through D4 rectify the AC voltage and the resulting DC voltage
is smoothed by C1. Regulator IC 7806 gives regulated 6v DC to the
circuit. A battery backup is provided to power the circuit when
mains fail. When main supply is available, the 9v rechargeable
battery charges via diode D5 and resistor R1 with a reasonable
constant current. In the event of mains failure, the battery
automatically takes up the load without any delay. Diode
D5prevents the battery from discharging backwards following the
mains failure and diode D6 provides current path from the battery.
The circuit utilizes light-dependant resistors (LDRs) for sensing
darkness and light in the room. The resistance of LDR is very high
in darkness, which reduces to minimum when LDR is fully
illuminated. LDR1 detects darkness, while LDR2 detects light in
the morning.
The circuit is designed around the popular timer IC NE 555(1C2),
which his configured as a monostable. IC2 is activated by a low
pulse applied to its trigger pin2. Once triggered, output pin3 of IC2
goes high and remains in that position until IC2 is triggered again at
its pin2.
When LDR1 is illuminated with ambient light in the room, its
resistance remains low, which keeps trigger pin2 of IC2 at a
positive potential. As a result, output pin3 of IC2 goes low and the
OVERVIEW OF COMPONENTS:
NIGHT CONDITION:
Morning alarm:
LDR Value: 220k
T1(Base): 2.92v
R7: 1.25vIC UM66 (Pin2) Vcc: 1.05v [Varying w.r.t. light] IC
UM66 (Pin1): 0.66v
CONCLUSION:
In our day-to-day life, we always want to satisfy our needs to makes
our fife comfortable and easy. As we know, every alarm needs to be
set first, to work on and the alarm will automatically OFF according
to how long the time that we set. This concept is very good because
it is very useful in our life especially for working person. However,
the common alarm also has their own disadvantages. First, it was
wasting our time because we need to set alarm every day. Besides,
we also got trouble. As we know, the function of alarm is a machine
that we can set to make a noise at a particular time to wakeup.
Hence the best alternative is to design an alarm that is automatically
set. This is what we have tried to achieve here. Our project is to
make a night lamp with morning alarm.
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The 78xx series is designed to output one voltage level, as they
come in 5v, 6v, 7v, v, 9v, 10v, 12v, 15v, 20v and 24v fixed output
voltages an can output up to 1A of current as a positive volt age
regular or.
The 78xx series of voltage regular ors are designed for positive
input. The 'xx' indicates the output voltages of the device as
generally the series named e.g. 7805, 7806, 7607, 7809, 7810,
7612, 7815, 7820 and 7824 and depend on every manufacturer for
differing naming schemes.
But there is space to tweak the 78xx series such they can deliver
over 1A output current or need to obtain adjustable voltages and
currents even this device mainly as a fixed voltage regulators,
following each datasheet for this purpose. The series 7600
regulators provide eight voltage options, ranging from 5 to 24v, as
indicated in table.
ANALYSIS:
The advantage of the project is low cost, reliable circuit and
applicability like bedrooms, hostels and hotels.
ADVANTAGES:
Highly sensitive
Works according to the light intensity
Fit and Forget system.
Low cost and reliable circuit
Complete elimination of man power
Can handle heavy loans up to 7A.
System can be switched into manual mode whenever
required.
BLOCK DIAGRAM:
AUTOMATIC NIGHT LAMP WITH MORNING ALARM
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
WITH EXPLANATION
CONTENT
INTRODUCTION
FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM
OVERVIEW OF COMPONENTS
CIRCUIT WITH DESIGN GUIDELINES
RESULT AND ANALYSIS
CONCLUSION