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CONVENTIONS
TEC009
a course in
STANDARD DRAWING
CONVENTIONS
CONTENTS
CONTENTS
COURSE INFO
COURSE INFORMATION
MODULE OVERVIEW
INTRODUCTION
PREREQUISITE:
ASSESSMENT STRUCTURE
PART 1: Draughting equipment and standards
PART 2: Introduction to the concept of draughting
EXERCISE 1: Line Exercise
PART 3: Introduction to Lettering
EXERCISE 2: Lettering Exercise
PART 4: Standard drawing layout
EXERCISE 3: Title Block
ASSESSMENT: TEC0091 (40): Line weights
PART 5: Line, Scale and dimensioning as a language
ASSESSMENT: TEC0092 (20): Triangulation Exercise
None
OUTCOME:
Upon completion of this module (subject) students should
be able to:
produce various drawing sheets with evidence of basic
draughting skills. These drawing sheets will demonstrate the
learners ability to produce:
LEVEL:
NQF level 5
EVALUATION:
Continuous assessment
ICON KEY
Exercise:
Brief:
TEC009
Lecturers Tips:
Your Notes:
ASSESSMENT
ASSESSMENT STRUCTURE
STANDARD DRAWING CONVENTIONS
Practical
Practical
Practical
Practical
Practical
Practical
Part 1
Part 2
Part 3
Part 4
Part 5
Part 6
Exercise 1
Exercise 2
Exercise 3 / TEC0091
TEC0092
TEC0093
Line Exercise
Lettering Exercise
Line Weights
Triangulation
Free-hand
Exercise
Assessment criteria:
The skilful ability to produce good quality lines
NOTE: Exercises are for self evaluation purposes. Do not submit the exercises for assessment. An assignment with a CODE must be submitted for assessment.
STANDARD DRAWING CONVENTIONS
TEC009
PART
Introduction to Draughting
Draughtsman are involved in every type of construction
project. They are employed in more than 24 disciplines,
among which are architecture, mechanical, civil and
structural engineering, piping, town planning and mine
surveying. The requirements of the various disciplines differ
and therefore necessitates specialisation.
The industry distinguishes between detail draughtsmen
and design draughtsmen. Design draughtsmen usually
handle work of a more advanced nature than detail
draughtsmen. Many drawing offices also employ tracers.
Tracers prepare final drawings and assist the draughtsmen.
Some offices also employ draught assistants who assist
draughtsmen in a wider field of activities.
Draughtsmen can use the traditional manual and tracing
methods, or they can use a computer to draw their designs.
Draughtsmen must have drawing and designing ability,
but it is not necessary for them to be an artist. They must
be able to translate concepts on to paper and to visualise
things in three-dimensional terms. The work requires
accuracy and manual dexterity. Draughtsmen should have a
lot of patience because their work involves a great deal of
detail. An interest in computers will stand draughtsmen in
good stead by helping them to cope with fast-developing
technology.
TEC009
PART
Drawing Equipment
It is important to know, from the beginning, the range of drawing equipment that is available and how it is used. A good drawing will depend both on the correct use of the
appropriate equipment and a good working knowledge of drawing technique, as well as practiced skills. Note that if neither column is ticked the item is not required. Please
note that brand, variety, size, shape and quality may differ from the images below.
EQUIPMENT
TYPES/DESCRIPTIONS
A2 DRAWING BOARDS
A3
COMPASS
TECHNICAL PENS
0.18mm
0.28mm
0.35mm
0.5mm
0.7mm
OPTIONAL
TEC009
PART
TYPES/DESCRIPTIONS
FINELINERS/FELT TIPS
SCALE RULER
LETTERING GUIDE
AMES
PROTRACTOR
TEC009
OPTIONAL
Flat.
Triangular, various scale combinations available.
e.g. 1:20, 1:25, 1:33, 1:50, 1:75, 1:100
PART
TYPES/DESCRIPTIONS
STENCILS
French Curves.
OPTIONAL
Flexicurve.
Circle.
Ellipse.
Furniture.
Lettering.
PENCILS
Either.
Although it is not uncommon to find people who draught in
a range of pencils you will learn to use technical pens during
this course.
SHARPENER
LEADS
Blue lead.
SET 24 WATERCOLOUR PENCILS
ERASERS
Ink.
Either.
You will probably wet the tip to erase on film, regardless of
which one you purchase.
Pencil.
TEC009
PART
TYPES/DESCRIPTIONS
GLUE
Pritt
Bostik Clear
OPTIONAL
ERASING SHIELD
DUSTER/BRUSH
BLADES/CUTTING KNIFE
STRAIGHT EDGE
Razor blades.
DIVIDERS
PORTFOLIO BAG
TEC009
A2
PART
TYPES/DESCRIPTIONS
MASKING TAPE
(Add to underneath rulers & setsquares to avoid smudging.)
OPTIONAL
PAPER
Tracing Paper.
Film.
Suggest:
For ink: 3 x A2 Draughting film & 3 x A2 Gateway
For pencil: 2 x A2 tracing & 2 x A2 bumpf/butcher.
TEC009
PART
TYPES/DESCRIPTIONS
PRINTS OF DRAWINGS
Paper.
Sepia.
Durester.
OPTIONAL
Please note that other materials may be required during the course. These will be purchased as required. (e.g. You can only purchase model building materials, when you
know what surface you are imitating.)
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TEC009
PART
Your Notes
Draughters' Tips
When draughting, we use standard
paper sizes. Purchase ready-cut A2 (or
A3) paper to complete your exercises
and assignments. To the left you will find
a diagram indicating the standard sizes
available.
Fig. 1.1
STANDARD DRAWING CONVENTIONS
TEC009
11
PART
12
TEC009
Fig. 2.1
b. The line quality refers to the sharpness and clarity, the
appropriate weight, and the blackness/density.
c. An ink line is controlled by the size of the point only;
while a pencil line is controlled by the density of the lead
(H, HB, B etc.) as well as the pressure with which you
draw.
PART
Your Notes
2.4 Guidelines to use of tools
a. Pencil technique:
i. Draw over the straight edge at 45 deg. to 60 deg.
ii. Pull rather than push.
iii. Rotate the pencil while drawing.
b.
Pen technique:
i. Held vertical to the drawing surface.
ii. Lightly held.
iii. Add masking tape underneath rulers.
c. Rules of thumb:
i. All construction lines (in a thinner pen) should cross
slightly at corners.
Fig. 2.3
Draughters' Tips
Fig. 2.2
TEC009
13
PART
Line exercise
Exercise
This Exercise is not for submission and assessment
purposes. However, it is imperative that you complete
it to the best of your ability as it forms an important
part of your preparation to complete drawings for
assessment at a later stage. DO NOT SUBMIT IT.
14
TEC009
Title Block
Fig. 2.4
Allow about 80mm (or 40mm for A3) column for the title
block on the drawing sheet. A2 dimensions: 594 X 420mm.
3. Set up a 10mm (or 5mm for A3) border around each
rectangle.
Note:
Do NOT ink-in
ANY of the
dividing lines on
your final drawing.
Fig. 2.5
PART
Your Notes
Line exercise
This exercise will require 2 drawings sheets. The first will be set up in pencil on bumpf as per the left-hand
column below and the second will be traced over in ink on gateway or film as instructed in the right-hand
column below:
In Block A:
Horizontal lines
In Block B:
Vertical lines
In Block C:
Hatching - at 45 degrees
Fig. 2.6
Fig. 2.7
TEC009
15
PART
Line exercise
In Block C:
Hatching - at 45 degrees
(continued)
Fig. 2.8
For Block D:
Thickening-in/heavy-up
lines.
16
TEC009
PART
Line exercise
In Block E:
Lines at an angle.
Draughters' Tips
TEC009
17
PART
INTRODUCTION TO LETTERING
Lettering
Part 3 of this module is concerned with Lettering. You will
be required to form letters and numbers to communicate,
the names of drawings, annotations of drawings,
dimensions and notes. The working drawings that you will
be producing are often of a contractual nature. |n other
words they are binding information on which we base
the outcome of a structure. It is therefore important that
information is appropriate, relevant and legible.
It is important to develop a neat and acceptable form
of hand lettering on architectural drawings as well as
understand the type use and font size required for various
elements in an architectural drawing. We refer to the
use of size of font as hierarchy of information or text. In
essence this means that certain information will hold more
importance than other information and must be expressed
through the size of the font selected.
18
TEC009
c a t
Draughters' Tips
Using a suitable font enhances the visual
aesthetics of your drawing. You can
develop your own style of writing. Always
remain consistent in style to produce
drawings of a professional quality.
PART
INTRODUCTION TO LETTERING
Lettering
3.4 Hierarchy of text
0.5 pen
@ 10mm
@ 7mm
0.25 pen
@ 5mm
0.15 pen
@4mm
@ 3mm
Dimension text:
0.18 pen
@ 2,5mm
Largest
font size
Fig. 3.2
Room names:
Exercise
SCALE 1:100
TEC009
19
PART
INTRODUCTION TO LETTERING
Lettering
In Block
A:
Text Experimentation
(In ink)
In Block
B:
Text Experimentation
(In ink)
Fig. 3.4
20
TEC009
Fig. 3.5
In Block
C:
PART
INTRODUCTION TO LETTERING
Your Notes
Lettering
In Block
D:
Text Experimentation
(In ink)
In Block
E:
In Block
F:
TEC009
21
PART
STANDARD DRAWING LAYOUT
Layout specifications
The standards as set out by SABS (South African Bureau
of Standards) 0143 SECTION 5, define the conventions
regarding the layout of drawing sheets. In part 4 of this
module we will explore these conventions in more detail.
4.1 Terminology
a. A drawing sheet is the actual page on which the
individual drawings are ordered. Drawing sheets sizes
are conventionally A1, though A0 and A2 are also not
uncommon. A4 is useful for faxing, however A4 and
A3 are less common being small and less likely to
accommodate the information at a legible scale.
For the purpose of this course we will work mainly on A2
and A3 sized paper. This makes photocopying your work
more affordable and easier to handle in a portfolio.
b. The drawings are typically various views of the design. A
drawing sheet may have several drawings on it.
c. Projects will have numerous drawings on any number
of drawing sheets, hence a method of where, what and
how to record the information is required in order for the
drawing to have any meaning. The method of recording
this information must be done as per draughting
conventions.
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TEC009
Fig. 4.1 The position of all elements on the sheet should add to the legibility of the overall contents.
i. Lining-up:
Drawings should be lined up, both horizontally & vertically. We refer to this as alignment of drawings.
Where ever possible the contents of the drawings should be aligned.
Projection lines may be left on the page to guide the eye to the element on the adjacent view.
(Projection principles will be discussed in the next module.)
Drawing title text should be aligned.
PART
Your Notes
ii. Spacing between elements
A cluttered drawing is visually busy and thus more
challenging to read.
Drawings should be well spaced, with sufficient
space for annotations (text) and dimensions
(measurements).
Drawing title text should be located close enough
to the drawing it describes to ensure that there is
clarity regarding which drawing it is labelling.
iii. Overall position on the sheet
Drawings should be aesthetically located within the
drawing plane, e.g. not all pushed to the left, or
squashed at the top etc.
iv. Title block
A title block should appear on the right or
underneath. (Be consistent throughout the project,
do not change from sheet to sheet.)
Drawings do not extend into this zone. At
minimum include: Drawing Name, Drawn By, Date,
Scale and a reference number for the purposes of
study.
b. The contents of a drawing sheet should ideally relate, in
the same way that the contents of a paragraph relates.
i. For smaller projects it may be possible to locate
all views required on one sheet. However for large
projects such as hotels or office blocks several sheets
are sometimes required for one view. A numbering
and cross-referencing system is required, in order to
ascertain where the required information can be found
within the set of drawings. Without a clear system
the information on the pages can be compared to
a library without a filing system ie. the name of the
drawing found in the drawing plan will be noted in the
STANDARD DRAWING CONVENTIONS
TEC009
23
PART
Exercise
4.3 Titleblocks
a. The titleblock records the contents of the page
for ease of reference. It is similar to that of a
reference number on the spine of a library book.
b. Titleblocks can be customised to suit the
particular project, or the particular office
protocol. However there are some conventional
requirements.
All drawing sheets are folded in such a way that
the title block is visible after folding, for easy
reference. All drawings are to be folded to A4 size.
Vertical Titleblock
A1 Page folded to A4 size.
Titleblock to front
Alternative horizontal
Titleblock
Revisions:
Drawings are amended
frequently. It is good practice to
record these changes.
203-03-01
View code e.g. all plans are 01,
all elevations 02, sections 03..
For your college projects you
may want to use the module &
lesson, followed by the sheet
number:
Project title:
The name of the project. e.g.
New house for Mr & Mrs Smith.
eg:
Drawing Title:
The views drawn on the drawing
sheet are listed here. e.g. Plan,
site plan, section AA.
Scale:
This is a record of all scales that
appear on the drawing, with the
advent of digital media it is also
advised to state the size of the
page. e.g. 1:100 / A1
Date:
As drawings become legal
documents it is important to
date the drawing. This is the
date it was created, not revised
TEC009
Issued for:
Drawings are issued for:
Information / discussion,
Approval; Construction. A
drawing issued for information
should not be used to build
from, as it will not contain
sufficient information to build as
required.
01-03-01
Drawn by:
Usually the initials or name
of person who draughted
the sheet. Useful for finding
answers to queries arising from
the drawing.
Fig. 4.2
24
Drawing number:
Included for both filing & crossreferencing purposes.
A number can contain inherent
information, by use of codes.
Each office will have a system of
numbering their drawings.
e.g.:
Project
Sheet 1
Number
of sections
Notes:
Information pertinent
to drawing. May include
general notes or construction
specifications as well as symbol
keys..
Engineer Signature:
The engineer contracted must
sign and put their registration
number on all drawings
submitted to council, as well
as fill out the appointment of a
professional form.
Owner Signature:
Owners sign drawings as
acceptance of the contents and
as owner prior to submission to
council.
Fig. 4.3
PART
ASSESSMENT: LINE WEIGHTS
ASSESSMENT TEC0091
Brief
You are now ready to complete ASSESSMENT TEC0091.
Complete the assignments as per the brief below.
Remember, the assignment is for submission purposes
and will receive a full assessment.
REMEMBER
You will need to make use of the following equipment: a
compass, 2mm clutch pencil (H-lead); a set of draughting
pens, adjustable set-square, scale rule/drawing board.
Note that the dimensions given are in mm and represent
the sizes of the drawing. (Conventionally dimensions of
the real size of the object are given)
If you are a CONTACT STUDENT, submit your
assignment directly to your lecturer as per the deadline
date. Ensure you have your Assignment Submission
Form signed as proof of submission.
If you are a DISTANCE STUDENT, submit the
assignments before any assessment date on the
calendar, with a barcoded assignment label and a
student label attached.
Draughters' Tips
Use a separate page to test your text before adding it
to the final page
STANDARD DRAWING CONVENTIONS
CODE
BRIEF
MATERIALS VALUE
TEC0091
Line Weights
Draughting equipment
40
BRIEF
On the following pages are four drawings. You are going to draught these four on an A2 or A3 format in
various media, thus generating several drawing sheets for assessment.
If using A3 please adjust dimensions accordingly.
Drawing sheet 1:
a. The first step is to set-up the drawing sheet: In faint pencil lines on a sheet of bumpf mark-up construction
lines for the size and location of each drawing on the sheet. Ensure that the contents
of the drawings line up. You will need to allow sufficient space for the drawing title text, as well as
dimensions. The drawing sheet must also have a title block. The dimensions given are to be used as
mm for this exercise.
b. Using pencil only draw the 4 drawings on one sheet of bumpf.
Drawing sheet 2
a. On a sheet of gateway or film, trace the drawings in a 0.18 pen. If there were any errors in the pencil
version, ensure that you correct them on this page. (e.g. If the spacing between 2 elements was
insufficient.)
b. Using all 4 of your draughting pens you are required to add line weights to the drawing on the film or
gateway. The heaviest lines are 0.5, the thinnest would be the dimension lines and hatching. Text may be
in a 0.25 or 0.35. Include all dimensions and labels for each drawing.
Good Luck
inscape education group
TEC009
25
PART
Your Notes
ASSESSMENT TEC0091
Draughters' Tips
Note: NTS = not to scale in the given
drawing but when re-drawing these
drawings please indicate the scale you
used.
Fig. 4.4
26
Fig. 4.5
2010
PLAN
SCALE: NTS
TEC009
PART
iv. The scale of the plan will affect the required line
weights. The rule is not walls must always be a 0.5
pen. A large detail drawing at 1:20, will probably
require a 0.7 or heavier for the portion of the wall
shown, whereas a wall shown at a scale of 1:100
would be too heavy in a 0.7 pen. Hence the rule is:
Cut-through walls are to read heaviest.
v. It is critical that you develop a sense of visual
discernment regarding line weights.
vi. The use of one pen to obtain a range of slightly
varying line weights is a skill to strive for.
b. When to use heavy and when to use thin:
i. Generally the guide regarding line weights is that
elements that are cut-through or closest to the viewer
are heaviest.
TEC009
27
PART
Draughters' Tip
ii. The thinner lines are those elements that are further away from the viewer.
Such as floor tile lines.
iii. Dimension lines are the thinnest. (excl the tick mark/arrow and the actual text.)
28
TEC009
PART
Draughters' Tip
b. A dashed line can be used to indicate that something is
hidden by another object, or that it is to be an element
to be removed, or that it is above what is being shown
such as a ceiling beam on a floor plan.
Your Notes
Fig. 5.2
TEC009
29
PART
LINE, SCALE AND DIMENSIONING AS A LANGUAGE
5.5 Introduction to scale
a. We have mentioned that part of the task of draughting is to explain life size
buildings on much reduced sizes of paper. This requires the use of a scaled
representation of the real object.
We use a system where we say something on the page represents something
in reality. Those somethings are given distances or ratios. For example: 1:100
means one unit on the page is equal to 100 units in reality.
b. Not all scales are represented on the ruler, however a 1:5 scale can be measured
using the 1:50 markings or a 1:10 can be measured from the 1:100 markings.
A simple method is as follows:
You will notice that 1:10 is simply 1:100, with a zero crossed off. Hence the rule is
go to ten units, where you can drop a zero to get 1. This is then 1 unit. (i.e. 1m)
ON THE RULER/PAGE: REPRESENTS 100 OF THESE UNITS IN REALITY. IN REALITY 100 UNITS MEASURES 1M.
Fig. 5.5
Fig. 5.3
1:100 = 1m divided by 100 = 10mm (1cm). Thus in a scale of 1:100 we use 10mm
(1cm) to represent 1m
The scale ruler makes this easier for us. We do not have to calculate the ratio, we
simply measure off the ruler. 1m on the ruler represents 1m at the given scale.
A METRE DIVIDED INTO 10, RESULTS IN MODULES OF 100mm - HENCE EACH OF THE 10 REMAINING DIVISIONS IS EQUAL
TO
100mm.
Fig.
5.6 e.g. THE 5 IS EQUAL TO 500mm.
Fig. 5.6
Fig. 5.4
30
TEC009
PART
Your Notes
c. Site sketch
1:100
b. Working drawings:
1:20
c. Detail drawings:
1:1
e. Fire Protection:
1:200
1:250
1:50
1:100
1:2
1:500
1:1000
b. Requirements
i. A tape measure, (or laser) in order to measure the
distances, and knowledge of how to calculate angles
that are not 90 degrees are required.
Fig. 5.7
STANDARD DRAWING CONVENTIONS
TEC009
31
PART
Your Notes
d. Observations to be recorded
(Note that these observations will be more familiar
to you, once the course has been completed and all
components and terminology has been discussed in
detail.)
i. Structural composition/materials e.g. brick vs dry
wall; ceiling, e.g. flush plaster or grid ceiling.
ii. Draw door swings (note which side it is hung and
which direction it swings).
iii. Note type of window: fixed or open & frame material.
This information may be useful at the design stage.
iv. Record wall thicknesses. Wall thicknesses can be
measured at window and door openings.
v. Services: - db board, lighting, switches, plugs, a/c
units, a/c control points, plumbing points. (a/c - air
conditioning)
vi. North point.
vii. Fixed elements are usually recorded, whilst freestanding ones are not.
viii.Count the number of risers for level changes and
record riser heights as well as tread depths.
ix. It is a good idea to photograph the site as this saves
you going back several times.
e. General guidelines
i. Measure internal and external distances as required
to complete the drawing of the structure.
ii. A common mistake is to omit a required
measurement. To avoid this commence at a point
and move consecutively round the building or space
until you reach the original point.
32
TEC009
Fig. 5.6
Draughters' Tips
PART
b. Method:
a. Introduction
i. This is a method of
determining angles by
plotting known distances
on the drawing sheet. It is
useful when walls do not
meet at 90 degrees.
ii. You require three (3)
distances that form a
triangle, thus you will need
to measure some diagonal
distances.
iii. Besides a ruler and sharp
pencil, you will also require
a drawing compass.
Fig. 5.9
Fig. 5.12
Fig. 5.14
TEC009
33
PART
ASSESSMENT TEC0092
Brief
CODE
BRIEF
MATERIALS VALUE
TEC0092
Triangulation Exercise
Draughting equipment
BRIEF
20
REMEMBER
If you are a CONTACT STUDENT, submit your
assignment directly to your lecturer as per the
deadline date. Ensure you have your Assignment
Submission Form signed as proof of submission.
If you are a DISTANCE STUDENT, submit the
assignments before any assessment date on the
olearn calendar, with a barcoded olearn assignment
label and your student label attached.
Your Notes
Good Luck
Fig. 5.15
34
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PART
TEC009
35
PART
DRAWING TYPES AND STAGES
36
TEC009
Fig. 6.5
PART
Your Notes
Understanding plans
6.5 How to read a plan
A plan is a diagrammatic view seen from above showing
the correct geometric form of a building layout. In order to
show door and window openings it is generally taken as a
horizontal cut at about 1metre above floor level.
This means that elements below 1m are shown using solid
continuous lines, whereas elements above the 1m cut will
be represented using broken or dotted lines.
In plans of buildings, symbols are used to signify various
elements; eg; door swings, sanitary fittings, electrical
sockets etc. Other information can be; arrows to show the
rise of a staircase, compass points to show the position of
the building; arrangement of furniture.
A plan enables us to see the relationships between
adjacent spaces; (corridors, rooms etc) and to make
decisions concerning their disposition.
In order for these decisions to be seen at a glance, we draw
plans at a fraction of the actual size of the building: they are
to scale
Fig. 6.6
STANDARD DRAWING CONVENTIONS
TEC009
37
PART
Your Notes
6.6 How to draw a plan to scale
Plans are invaluable aids, not only in making layout
decisions but also as subsequent instruments of instruction
to builders, furniture manufacturers, shop fitters, furniture
movers, or even the bank manager, who may be lending
money for the work.
The first step is to assemble the information that you will be
showing on the drawing make a survey. (concept sketch)
Graph Paper Method
Using graph paper, it can be determined that one block is
equal to 1m. Lay a piece of tracing paper or film over the
graph paper and tape it down to the drawing board. Using
a sharp fairly hard (H or H2) pencil draw a line that will
represent a wall. From your survey notes (concept drawings)
measure its length and draw a line at right angles for the
next wall; a set square is useful. Scale it off and continue
to form the perimeter of the room. Mark on the doors,
windows and other features, then draw in the thickness of
the walls to the next room, measure from the connecting
door to the corner and repeat the process. With accurate
notes and reasonable luck you will end up with a floor plan.
This method should not be used if precision is important.
You will , however, have a fairly accurate diagram of your
domain. You may also find it a good idea to draw the
shapes of your furniture and fittings to scale on coloured
paper and cut them out. These shapes can then be moved
around on the plan you have drawn to experiment with
furnishing arrangements. Do remember to mark each
38
TEC009
PART
6.7 Plan
In basic terms, a plan is a diagram
of a building drawn as if the entire
building has been cut through on the
horizontal, about 1 metre above the
finished floor level. Plans are drawn
to a scale which can be indicated
as a ratio or as a line divided into
regular intervals. For example 1:100
means that every 1mm on the drawing
represents 100mm in reality. Therefore
a measurement of 10mm on a drawing
represents 1000mm or 1m in reality.
You can measure directly off the
plan, without having to calculate the
conversion, using a scale ruler.
TEC009
39
PART
Your Notes
6.8 Section
A section is a vertical cut through a building. The position
and direction of the cut are indicated on the plan*. The
aspects, which lie beyond the line of cut, are usually shown
as an elevation. Sections are referred to as:
Section AA
Or
Scale 1:50
Section BB
Scale 1:50
A
* by drawing a section line
40
TEC009
PART
6.9 Elevation
Elevations are drawings of the sides of the building, which
are drawn as if you were looking at the side square on.
Each elevation is named according to the direction from
which it is being viewed. You may have to deal with Interior
Elevations, we name them as follows:
Elevation 01
Or
Elevation 02
Scale 1:50 Scale 1:50
You will encounter Exterior Elevations, these are referred to
as:
North elevation
Or
Scale 1:50
South Elevation
Scale 1:50 etc
Draughters' Tips
The north elevation is the elevation seen if you stand to
the north of the building and facing the building.
Fig. 6.10
TEC009
41
PART
42
TEC009
PART
ASSESSMENT TEC0093
Brief
CODE
BRIEF
MATERIALS VALUE
TEC0093
Free-hand Exercise
Draughting equipment
BRIEF
REMEMBER
1. Using freehand
lines, in a 0.25 pen,
you are required to
trace the sheet of 4
drawings generated in
assessment AD01a.
2. This is to be completed
on a sheet of gateway
or tracing paper, the
same format as used
previously.
SECTION AA
SCALE: NTS
40
SECTION AA
SCALE: NTS
Your Notes
Good Luck
PLAN
SCALE: NTS
PLAN
SCALE: NTS
Fig. 6.13
STANDARD DRAWING CONVENTIONS
TEC009
43
GLOSSARY
FREQUENTLY USED TERMS
Your Notes
The following terms are frequently used in the building industry and
specifically in architectural drawings. The glossary will assist you in
understanding their meaning in this context.
Adjacent lying near, close or adjoining; neighbouring
Annotate The process of adding annotations.
Annotations Text or labels adding explicit information to an
architectural drawing.
Apex The tip, point, or vertex; summit.
Authorities Organisations responsible for approving the
draughtsmans drawings. They include, council, municipalities,
facilities management, community corporate bodies.
Bumpf Otherwise known as butcher paper is cheap but sturdy
paper that is sold in large rolls.
Cavity A hole or space, typically found in a wall.
Concentric - having a common center, as circles or spheres.
Construction lines Preparatory lines used to determine a working
drawing. A hairline as light as possible and still visible. Meant to be
light enough to disappear in printing so there is no need to erase.
Contractors Someone (a person or firm) who contracts to
build things or service a product. E.g. tilers, plumbers, builders,
electricians.
Detail drawings A drawing indicating construction methods of an
object or structure.
Diagonal - a set of entries in a square matrix running either from
upper left to lower right or lower left to upper right
Dimensions Measurements defining the size of an object/
structure.
Door swings The direction in which a door opens.
Drawing Plane A space on a drawing layout reserved for a
drawing view.
Drawing revision A revised drawing with changes.
Drawing views An object / structure can be viewed from different
angles. The top, side and back. In architectural drawings we refer
to these views for an object as top, side and back view and for a
structure, plan and elevation views.
Drawings A series of lines and symbols.
44
TEC009
STANDARD DRAWING
CONVENTIONS
This module acts as an introduction to standard drawing conventions and techniques. A good grounding in drawing proficiency is a vital skill within
the building industry and basic techniques and concepts will be explored. The module has been specifically designed as an introduction to standard
drawing techniques and technical drawing concepts, and is applicable to various disciplines within the built environment. The content is current and
appropriate to all local South African applications.
Within this module you will learn how to become a competent draughtsman by exploring Standard Draughting equipment and Tools, Lettering, Standard
Drawing Layouts, Dimensioning, Drawings Types and Stages and Freehand sketching. The desired outcome is to produce technically competent
individuals who are able to construct technical drawings which comply with all standard drawing conventions with confidence.
TEC009
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